2018年上半年CATTI英语一级笔译实务真题 (1)

2018年上半年CATTI英语一级笔译实务真题
(总分：100.00，做题时间：120分钟)
一、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：25.00)
1.In December 2015, British publishing stood accused of woeful blindness to diversity, and not for the first time, after World Book Night announced its titles, and none of the 15 books was by a writer of colour. An apology was issued by organisers but a wider malaise had already set in, and along with it, the troubling feeling that WBN’s oversight was less an isolated incident and more a recurring pattern of exclusion that stretched across the
literary establishment.
A report on the state of the books industry had been published earlier that year by the development agency Spread the Word, which drew attention to how intransigently white,
middle-class and male remained, from literary festivals and prizes to publications and personnel.
The industry has been announcing strategies for change since 2015. Publishing houses have rolled out paid internships, mentoring schemes and traineeships to attract socially under-represented and BAME (black, Asian, minority ethnics) applicants on an unprecedented scale, as well as creating opportunities for women to move into boardrooms.
To name a few recent initiatives: Penguin Random House is offering interest-free rent loans to draw more applicants from outside London and has set a company goal “for allnew hires and the books we acquire to reflect UK society by 2025 in terms of social mobility, ethnicity, gender, disability, and sexuality”. Harper Collins is launching programmes for BAME employees and those taking long-term parental leave, while Hachette is encouraging diversity at an executive level in a mentoring scheme with board members.
Some schemes show promising signs. Penguin’s scheme connects aspiring writers from socially excluded communities to agents, editors and authors, is helping to demystify these professions.
Margaret Busby, the writer and pioneering publisher, regards the endeavor for better representation in publishing as a struggle begun decades ago and still no closer to being won. Mainstream publishing, she says, is too institutionalized in its biases to be corrected by a few new authors or schemes.
In the1980s she helped to found a group that campaigned to diversify the industry. An
article she wrote in 1988 posed questions that are still being asked today, such as: “What are publishers doing to make their companies a more accurate reflection of their lists, readers and society?”
“What’s happening now is more initiatives,” Busby says. “But the problem can’t be solved with initiatives.”Margaret Busby believes the struggle for better representation in publishing is no closer to being won.
There is overwhelming agreement among excluded communities that systemic change can only happen when inclusivity is filtered upwards. There is not yet gender parity on boards, even
though women outnumber men in the industry; a lack of social diversity is one of its most stubborn problems. （分数：25.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(
2015 年 12 月, 英国出版界因对作家多样性熟视无睹的糟糕状况而饱受非议，在世界读书之夜（WBN）公布入选的 15 本图书书目中，没有一本是有色种族作家的著作，而这种情况已经不是第一次了。

活动举办方随后为此致歉，但是越来越多的人已感到不安，他们其中的一个忧虑就是：人们认为世界读书之夜活动忽略有色种族作家非孤立事件，而乃文学界反复发生的排外现象。

2015 年早些时候，公布了一个关于图书界情况的报告，从各类文学节、文学颁奖、出版社和相关从业人员情况来看，出版界由白人、中产阶级、男性统治的情况没有任何改变。

英国出版界已经宣布自 2015 年起要做出改变的各种策略。

各出版社纷纷推出了带薪实习，导师带徒计划和培训生计划，以吸引社会地位低下的人士和 BAME（黑人、亚裔和少数种族人士）申请者，这些计划规模史无前例，同时，计划也包括为女性创造进入机构董事会的机会。

下面介绍几个最近的计划。

企鹅兰登出版社目前推出免息租房贷款，以吸引更多来自伦敦市外的求职者，并设立了公司目标：“截止 2025 年，所有新进员工和所有购买的书籍，要反映英国在社会流动性、种族、性别、残疾人关照、性取向方面的情况。

”哈珀科林斯出版社目前针对 BAME 员工和休较长产假的员工推出了许多计划，而阿歇特出版公司在董事会的导师带徒计划中，鼓励管理层的多样性。

有些计划发展迹象良好。

企鹅兰登出版社推出计划，在遭排挤的有志作家群体与代理、编辑和作者之间建立联系的桥梁，这有助于揭下出版业神秘的面纱。

玛格丽特·巴斯比（Margaret Busby）是一名作家，同时也是一位创业出版人，她认为，改变出版界人才多样性这项工作几十年前就开始做了，但是至今仍未取得胜利。

她说，主流出版社对于人才多样性的偏见根深蒂固，光靠吸引几个新作家或者推出几个新计划是无法改变这种局面的。

20 世纪 80 年代，她帮助创立了一个旨在改变出版界多样性的组织。

她在 1988 年的一篇文章中提出的几个问题，如今还有人在问这些问题，比如：“为了更加准确的反映出版社的聘用条件、读者群体和社会面貌，出版社采取了什么措施？”
“现在出版社只是不断推出新计划而已，”巴斯比说，“但是，光靠这些计划无法解决问题。

” 她认为，提高出版界的人员代表性这项工作，远远还没成功。

”
针对遭排挤的人士，大家意见特别一致，认为只有不断加强包容性，才会有系统性变化。

目前董事会还没有实现性别平等。

而即便在出版业女性人数多过男性，社会缺乏多样性仍然是最顽固的问题之一。

)
解析：
二、汉译英(总题数：1，分数：25.00)
2.本公司是经国务院批准成立，由国家控股的有限责任公司。

本公司重点实施国家大型飞机重大专项中大型客机项目，统筹干线飞机和支线飞机发展、实现我国民用飞机的产业化，主要从事民用飞机及相关产品的科研、生产、试验试飞，从事民用飞机销售及服务、租赁和运营等相关业务。

本公司按照现代企业制度组建和运营，重点加强飞机研发设计、总装制造、市场营销、客户服务、适航
取证和供应商管理等能力，走市场化、集成化、产业化、国际化的发展道路，将全力打造更加安全、经济、舒适、环保的大型客机。

大型客机是一个国家工业、科技水平的综合实力的集中体现。

本公司作为世界民机大家庭的成员，将与客户、合作伙伴携手合作，致力于为客户提供更加安全、经济、舒适、环保的民用飞机，使更多的人享受航空科技成果，使人类进入一个安全性水平更高、飞行风险更低的新时代，一个“人与蓝天和谐相处”的新时代。

（分数：25.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(
We are a limited liability company held by the State, established with the approval of the State Council. We focus on implementing national large passenger plane programs, with a wholistic approach to development of planes for trunk lines and feeder lines, in order to realize the industrialization of civil aircraft in China. We engage in the research, manufacturing, and flight tests of civil aircraft and related products, as well as plane marketing, servicing, leasing and operations.
Set up and operated in accordance with modern enterprise system, we concentrate on improving the capacity in aircraft design, general assembly, marketing, customer service, airworthiness certification, and supplier management. Market-oriented, we strive to be more integrated for the aircraft industrialization while seeking going global. We work to deliver large passenger planes that are safer, more economical, comfortable and environment-friendly.
Large passenger aircraft is the epitome of a country’s overall strength in industrial and technological fields. As one of the world civil aircraft manufacturers, we will work together with customers and partners to manufacture safer, cost-effective, comfortable and environment-friendly planes. By doing so, more people will benefit from the achievements of aviation science and technology, and human race will enter a new era featuring greater safety and lower risk when taking a flight, an era of “harmonious coexistence of man and blue sky”.
)
解析：
三、英汉审定(总题数：1，分数：25.00)
3.Algorithmic bias: a new fintech challenge
注：出题人为题目需要对原文进行增改
It’s hard to make claim that technology hasn’t improved many facets of our everyday lives. Ordering lunch, calling a cab, and even managing your finances can be done instantly with a smart phone. The unique algorithms powering these applications have found a way to process information more effectively, replacing error-prone human judgement in the decision making process. Technology has seemingly reached a point where people blindly trust these
unfamiliar algorithms to provide solutions to a range of problems both trivial and major. That dispassionate technology is weighing in on complex issues may not concern some, but a
growing body of evidence suggests algorithms exhibit similar biases as humans.（翻译中存在1处错误）
Instead of replacing flawed human intuition, these tools have been shown to reinforce some existing biases that afflict disadvantaged groups. This rings true in financial services where digital services continue to breach traditional banking strongholds. Despite improving the number of global unbanked by 5% between 2011 and 2014, the global gender gap in account ownership remained unchanged at 7% over the same 3 year period, according to the World Bank. The disparity widens to 9% in developing countries, as women often face disproportionately higher hurdles to financial independence.（翻译中存在2处错误）
Part of the problem is that the complex mathematical models behind today’s algorithms aren’t all held to the same ethical standard. It happens t hat a large proportion of software development and oversight is done by men. Though perhaps unintentional, the potential for products to inadvertently adopt some bias or emotion increases.（翻译中存在1
处错误）
The algorithms behind online lenders, for instance, exhibit much of the same gender biases as traditional lenders. These new lending platforms are pulling in all kinds of alternative data such as purchase and browsing history, on top of conventional requirements of income, education, and residence, to determine borrower’s creditworthiness. Many of these determinants regularly favor men despite a growing body of research that proves women tend to save more and make more on-time loan payments.（翻译中存在1处错误）
As a result, women entrepreneurs still receive fewer and smaller business loans with higher interests rates compared to men. This disparity in financing denies women an opportunity to make an equal contribution to economic growth.翻译中存在2处错误
Of course, as finance and technology companies look to expand, it would be unwise to go on ignoring potential human biases. As women increase their role as financial decision makers, this rings particularly true: Today women in the United States exercise control over $11 trillion, or 39% of the country’s investable assets.
（翻译中存在1处错误）
One possible solution would be to make these tools more transparent, though, for many
fintech companies, moving to an open source model means losing their competitive advantage. In some cases, the tech has become so advanced that even the creators have trouble understanding the implications of a machine’s decisions, in which event women must play a greater role in the initial development process. Technology and software is often designed with a clear bias towards its male developers, therefore hiring women to lead product development teams would not necessarily help move the needle in the right direction.（翻译中存在1处错误）
Although it’s still difficult to eliminate bias altogether, designing diverse organizations with various races and genders increases awareness of these harsh realities. In fact, a recent report from Credit Suisse suggests having women involved in the early stages of a project helps to limit bias and create more inclusive products. For one thing, they can help design products that take into account the distinct financial needs and preferences of
women. Generally, digital financial services tend to neglect women’s tendency to save, invest in their children and family, and develop a business.（翻译中存在1处错误）
Recognizing the problem is a start, and as women’s economic influence grows around the world, success will depend on inclusive technologies that meet this vast untapped market. In doing so, we can move to lower the presence of bias in modern technology and unlock the potential $12 trillion economic opportunity achieving gender equality could deliver.（分数：25.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(
1. 错译：取代决策中错误的人为判断改为：纠正人为决策中易失误的地方（不确定）
2. 错译：无银行账户的人数增加了5% 改为：减少
3. 错译：据世界银行改为：世界银行的数据显示（不确定）
4. 错译：大部分软件开发和疏漏是由男性导致的改为：因为多数开发和监管软件的是男性
5. 错译：忽略传统借贷对收入教育住宅等的要求改为：除了对收入等有要求外，还…（考察on top
of ）
6. 错译：结果改为：因此（不确定）
7. 错译：否认了女性对经济增长做出同等贡献的机会改为：剥夺了…机会
8. 错译：并且掌握了美国可投资资产的39% 改为：也就是…39%
9. 错译：女性领导产品开发团队能朝着正确的方向穿针引线改为：未必能
10.错译：唯一的原因是改为：其中一个原因是（考察for one thing）
)
解析：
四、汉英审定(总题数：1，分数：25.00)
4.为了实现这个目标，我们将坚持全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党的战略布局，坚持发展是第一要务，以提高发展质量和效益为中心，加快形成引领经济发展新常态的体制机制和发展方式，保持战略定力，坚持稳中求进，统筹推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设和党的建设。

为了实现这个目标，我们将牢固树立创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念。

坚持创新发展，就是要把创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置，让创新贯穿国家一切工作，让创新在全社会蔚然成风。

坚持协调发展，就是要重点促进城乡区域协调发展，促进经济社会协调发展，促进新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化同步发展，在增强国家硬实力的同时注重提升国家软实力，不断增强发展整体性。

坚持绿色发展，就是要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持可持续发展，形成人与自然和谐发展现代化建设新格局，为全球生态安全作出新贡献。

坚持开放发展，就是要奉行互利共赢的开放战略，发展更高层次的开放型经济，积极参与全球经济治理和公共产品供给，构建广泛的利益共同体。

坚持共享发展，就是要坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，使全体人民在共建共享发展中有更多获得感，朝着共同富裕方向稳步前进。

（分数：25.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(
来源：（在新加坡国立大学的演讲）
To achieve this goal, we will pursue a four-pronged strategy of deepening reform, advancing law-based governance and improving Party conduct in an all-round way with the goal of finishing building a society of initial prosperity in all respects. We will pursue development as a top priority, with emphasis on its quality and efficiency. We will accelerate efforts to put in place systems, institutions and development models that boost economic development under new conditions. We will maintain strategic resolve, pursue progress while ensuring stability, and promote coordinated development of China's economy, political system, the cultural sector, society, the environment and the Party.
To achieve this goal, we will follow the principles of innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development. To pursue innovative development is to place innovation at the core of our national development endeavor and enable it to underpin all endeavors of the country and become a trend in the country. Coordinated development requires us to promote balanced development between urban and rural areas and between economic and social development, and ensure balanced progress in promoting a new type of industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization. It also means strengthening
China's soft power as well as hard power and overall national development.
To achieve green development, we will follow the basic state policy of resource conservation and environmental protection, pursue sustainable development, and promote modernization in a new way that enhances harmony between human development and the preservation of nature. By doing so, we will contribute more to global ecological security. Open development demonstrates China's commitment to pursue the win-win strategy of opening-up, develop a high standard open economy, take an active part in global economic governance and the provision of public goods, and build a community of extensive common interests. Inclusive development means development for the people, by the people and its fruits shared by the people. It means we must work hard to make all of our people benefit more from such development and eventually achieve common prosperity.
)
解析：。