医学英语翻译

Page10：
Case Study 1: PTCA [=percutaneous transcoronary angioplasty]经皮冠状动脉内成形术and Echocardiogram[,ekəu'kɑ:diəɡræm]
A.L., a 68-year-old woman, was admitted to the CCU （Cardiac Care Unit）with chest pain, dyspnea, diaphoresis [,daiəfə'ri:sis], syncope, and nausea. She had taken three sublingual doses of nitroglycerine [naitrəu'glisəri:n]硝酸甘油tablets within a 10-minute time span without relief before dialing 911. A previous stress test负荷试验and thallium铊uptake scan suggested cardiac disease.
Her family history was significant for cardiovascular disease. Her father died at the age of 62 of an acute myocardial infarction. Her mother had bilateral carotid 颈动脉endarterectomies[,endɑ:tə'rektəmi]动脉内膜切除术and a femoral-popliteal 股腘的bypass procedure and died at the age of 72 of congestive heart failure. A.L.’s older sister died from ruptured aortic aneurysm['ænjuərizəm]主动脉动脉瘤破裂at the age of 65. Her ECG on admission presented tachycardia with a rate of 126 bpm with inverted T waves. A murmur was heard at S1. Her skin color was dusky微暗的to cyanotic on her lips and fingertips. Her admitting diagnosis was possible coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, and valvular disease.
Cardiac catheterization with balloon angioplasty (PTCA) 气囊血管成形术was performed the next
day. Significant stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery was shown and was treated with angioplasty ['ændʒiəu,plæsti] and stent placement. Left ventricular function was normal.
Echocardiogram, 2 days later, showed normal-sized left and enlarged right ventricular cavities. The mitral valve had normal amplitude of motion. The anterior and posterior leaflets moved in opposite directions during diastole [dai'æstəli]. There was a late systolic prolapse ['prəulæps] of the mitral leaflet at rest. The left atrium was enlarged. The impression of the study was mitral prolapse with regurgitation. Surgery was recommended.
Page18：
Case Study 1: Terminal Dyspnea
N.A., a 76-year-old woman, was in the ICU in the terminal stage of multisystem organ failure. She had been admitted to the hospital for bacterial pneumonia, which had not resolved with antibiotic therapy. She had a 20-year history of COPD [=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. She was not conscious and was unable to breathe on her own. Her ABGs were abnormal, and she was diagnosed with refractory ARDS （Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome）. The decision was made to support her breathing with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. After 1 week and several unsuccessful attempts to wean
her from the ventilator, the pulmonologist suggested a permanent tracheostomy and family consideration of continuing or withdrawing life support. Her physiologic status met the criteria of remote or no chance for recovery.
N.A.’s family discussed her condition and decided not to pursue aggressive life-sustaining therapies. N.A. was assigned DNR [=do not resuscitate]不能复苏/未复苏status. After the written orders书面医嘱were read and signed by the family, the endotracheal tube, feeding tube, pulse oximeter, and ECG electrodes were removed and a morphine IV drip was started with prn boluses ordered to promote comfort and relieve pain and other symptoms of dying.
The family sat with N.A. for many hours while her breaths became shallow with Cheyne-Stokes respirations潮式呼吸. She died surrounded by her family, joined by the hospital chaplain.
Page37：
Case Study 1: Cholecystectomy
G.L., a 42-year-old obese Caucasian[kɔ:'keiziən]woman, entered the hospital with nausea and vomiting, flatulence ['flætjuləns]肠胃气胀and eructation打嗝, a fever of 100.5 F, and continuous right upper quadrant and subscapular pain. Examination on admission showed rebound tenderness in the RUQ
with a positive Murphy sign [Murphy's sign refers to a maneuver during a physical examination as part of the abdominal examination and a finding elicited in ultrasonography]. Her skin, nails, and conjunctivae结膜[,kɔn’dʒʌŋktiv] were yellowish, and she complained of frequent clay-colored stools. Her leukocyte count was 16,000. An ERCP [=endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影术] and ultrasound of the abdomen suggested many small stones in her gallbladder and possibly the common bile duct. Her diagnosis was cholecystitis with cholelithiasis [,kɔlili'θaiəsis]胆石病.
A laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attempted, with an intraoperative cholangiogram and common bile duct exploration. Because of G.L.’s size and some unexpected bleeding, visualization was dif ficult and the procedure was converted to an open approach. Small stones and granular sludge粒状淤渣were irrigated from her common duct, and the gallbladder was removed. She had a T-tube inserted into the duct for bile drainage; this tube was removed on the second postoperative day. She had an NG tube (nasogastric tube) in place before and during the surgery, which was also removed on day two. She was discharged on the fifth postoperative day with a prescription for prn pain medication and a low-fat diet.。