上海高考专题训练-上海重点高中专项训练-完型填空强化篇训练(八)

上海高考专题训练-上海重点高中专项训练-完型填空强化篇训练
高中完型填空强化篇训练（八）passage1
The earthquake of26th December2004resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory．It was a__1___underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean．It__2__coastlines，communities and brought death to many people．Why do earthquakes happen?
The surface of the earth has not always looked as it does today；it is moving__3__(although very slowly)and has done so for billions of years．This is one__4__of earthquakes，when one section of the earth(tectonic plate)__5__ another．Scientists can predict where but not when_this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line．On one fault line in Kobe，Japan in1923over 200,000people were killed．__6__，earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines，which is why they are so dangerous and__7__．
Where do volcanoes happen?
Volcanoes happen where the earth's__8__is thin：lava，dust and gases__9__ from beneath the earth．They can rise into a huge cone shape like a mountain and erupt，__10__they can be so violent that they just explode directly from the earth with no warning．There are1511'__11__'volcanoes in the world．This means that they may__12__be dangerous．In1985the Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted．The lava melted a glacier and sent tones of mud down the town below．Twenty thousand people died．Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are often unpredictable．We regularly do not know when they might pen，or__13__ where they will happen．In the future，scientists may be able to watch and predict__14__before they happen．This could__15__many lives．1．A．massive B．significant C．great D．grand 2．A．changed B．converted C．destroyed D．transformed 3．A．frequently B．continuously C．regularly D．periodically 4．A．source B．reason C．movement D．cause 5．A．collides with B．confronts with C．meets with D．faces with 6．A．Generally B．However C．Similarly D．Anyway 7．A．unpredictable B．unaccountable C．inevitable D．irresistible 8．A．surface B．appearance C．crust D．cover 9．A．flowed out B．burst out C．1eaked out D．trickled out 10．A．or B．and C．nor D．but 11．A．living B．active C．alive D．live 12．A．relatively B．hardly C．still D．gradually 13．A．else B．even C．though D．whether 14．A．accidents B．incidents C．occasions D．events 15．A．rescue B．save C．preserve D．shelter Keys:1-5ACBDA6-10BACBA11-15BCBDB
passage2
The Victorians had become addicted to speed and they wanted to go ever faster. Time was money and efficiency became__1__important.Although divisions of labour had been__2__by Adam Smith and illustrated by a pin factory in The Wealth of Nations in1776,it could now become fully realised.This specialization of labour was in__3__contrast to the rural means of production,in which the family was the means of production,consumption and socialization.__4__greater speed came a greater need for industries and businesses to make more and make it quicker. Steam made this__5__and changed working life forever__6__were the days when work was__7__by natural forces:steam engines were servant to neither season nor sunshine.Factories had foremen and life became correspondingly more__8__. The clocking-on machine was__9__in1885and time and motion studies to increase efficiency would be introduced only some twenty years later.__10__it was not all bad news.Agricultural incomes depended on variable harvests and weather.Factories provided__11__and predictable income,but long hours.Working life was becoming increasingly regulated,and the working__12__was reorganised to promote ever-greater efficiency.The old__13__St.Monday-when no work was done-was__14_,work stopped around midday on Saturday and did not resume until Monday morning.A new division between“work”and“leisure”emerged, and this new block of weekend leisure time coincided with the development of spectator sports like cricket and football,and the__15__of music hall entertainment for the new working classes.
1．A．increasingly B．surprisingly C．slowly D．obviously 2．A．contributed B．informed C．spread D．conceived 3．A．clear B．marked C．apparent D．firm 4．A．Upon B．Over C．With D．For 5．A．possible B．practical C．worthwhile D．useful 6．A．Passed B．Lost C．Gone D．Missed 7．A．defined B．controlled C．limited D．dictated 8．A．standard B．controlled C．difficult D．dreadful 9．A．designed B．created C．invented D．bought 10．A．For B．But C．ConsequentlyD．Accordingly 11．A．safe B．good C．continuous D．secure 12．A．week B．period C．pattern D．practice 13．A．culture B．behavior C．custom D．habit 14．A．repair B．compensate C．mend D．moderate 15．A．raise B．increase C．trend D．present Keys:1-5ADBCA6-10CDBCB11-15DACCA
passage3
Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed__1__over the centuries.During the1950's and1960's especially,increased attention has been devoted to defining and describing the reading process.Although specialists agree that reading__2__a complex organization of higher mental__3__,they disagree about the exact nature of the process.Some experts,who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds,__4__reading as simply the decoding of symbols sintos the sounds they stand for.
These authorities__5__that meaning,being concerned with thinking,must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is __6__related to thinking,and that a child who pronounces sounds withou__7__their meaning is not truly reading.The reader,__8__some,is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who__9__reads.
Many adults,although they have the ability to read,have never read a book in its __10__.By some expert they would not be__11__as readers.Clearly,the philosophy,objectives,methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most__12__and satisfactory definition,reading is the ability to__13__the sound-symbols code of the language,to interpret meaning for various__14__,at various rates,and at various levels of difficulty,and to do so widely and enthusiastically.__15__reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.
1．A．substantively B．substantially C．substitutively D．subjectively 2．A．involves B．involves to C．is involved D．involves of 3．A．opinions B．effects C．manners D．functions 4．A．view B．look C．reassure D．agree 5．A．content B．contend C．contempt D．contact 6．A．inexplicably B．inexpressibly
C．inextricably D．inexpediently 7．A．interpreting B．saying C．explaining D．reading 8．A．like B．for example C．according to D．as 9．A．sometimes B．might C．practical D．actually 10．A．entire B．entirety C．entirely D．entity 11．A．classed B．granted C．classified D．graded 12．A．inclusive B．inclinable C．conclusive D．complicated 13．A．break up B．elaborate C．define D．unlock 14．A．purposes B．degrees C．stages D．steps 15．A．By the way B．In short
C．So far D．On the other hand
Keys:1-5BADAB6-10AACDB11-15CCDAB
passage4
Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan's carmakers.He's a young, successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable___1___.He used to own Toyota's Hilux Surf,a sport utility vehicle.But now he uses___2___subways and trains."It's not inconvenient at all,"he says. Besides,"having a car is so20th century."
Suda reflects a worrisome___3___in Japan;the automobile is losing its emotional appeal,___4___among the young,who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices.While minicars and luxury foreign brands are still popular,everything in between is___5___.Last year sales fell6.7percent—7.6 percent if you don't count the minicar market.There have been___6___one-year drops in other nations:sales in Germany fell9percent in2007___7___a tax increase.But experts say Japan is___8___in that sales have been decreasing steadily over time.Since1990,yearly new-car sales have fallen from7.8million to 5.4million units in2007.
Alarmed by this state of___9___,the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association___10___a comprehensive study of the market in2006.It found a ___11___wealth gap,demographic(人口结构的)changes and___12___lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their___13___longer,replace their cars with smaller ones or give up car ownership altogether.JAMA___14___a further sales decline of1.2percent in2008.Some experts believe that if the trend continues for much longer,further consolidation(结构)in the automotive sector is___15___. 1．A．profit B．payment C．income D．budget 2．A．mostly B．partially C．occasionally D．rarely 3．A．drift B．tide C．current D．trend 4．A．remarkably B．essentially C．specially D．particularly 5．A．surging B．stretching C．slipping D．shaking 6．A．lower B．slighter C．broader D．larger 7．A．liable to B．in terms of C．thanks to D．in view of 8．A．unique B．similar C．mysterious D．strange 9．A．mess B．boom C．growth D．decay 10．A．proceeded B．relieved C．launched D．revised 11．A．quickening B．widening C．strengthening D．lengthening 12．A．average B．massive C．abundant D．general 13．A．labels B．cycles C．vehicles D．devices 14．A．concludes B．predicts C．reckons D．prescribes 15．A．distant B．likely C．temporary D．immediate Keys:1-5CADDC6-10DCADC11-15BDDBB
passage5
From childhood to old age,we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first____1____, they were like newborn children,unable to use this_____2____tool.Yet once language developed,the possibilities for human kind‘s future____3_____and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is_____4____for our ability to produce and use language.They____5_____that our highly evolved brain provides us with an innate language ability not found in lower____6_____.Proponents of this innateness theory say that our____7_____for language is inborn,but that language itself develops gradually,as a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical____8_____times for language development.
Current____9_____of innateness theory are mixed,however,evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable._____10____,more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in the lowergrades.Young children often can learn several languages by being exposed to them,while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the _____11____of their first language have become firmly fixed.
Although some aspects of language are undeniably innate,language does not develop automatically ina vacuum.Children who have been____12_____from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that____13_____ with other human beings is necessary for proper language development.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language_____14____than any innate capacities.These theorists view language as imitative,learned behavior.____15_____,children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1．A．generated B．evolved C．born D．originated 2．A．valuable B．appropriate C．convenient D．favorite 3．A．attainments B．feasibility
C．entertainments D．evolution 4．A．essential B．available C．reliable D．responsible 5．A．confirm B．inform C．claim D．convince 6．A．organizations B．organisms C．humans D．children 7．A．potential B．performance C．preference D．passion 8．A．ideological B．biological C．social D．psychological 9．A．reviews B．reference
C．reaction D．recommendation
10．A．In a word B．In a sense C．Indeed D．In other words 11．A．regulations B．formations C．rules D．constitutions 12．A．distinguished B．different C．protected D．isolated 13．A．exposition B．comparison C．contrast D．interaction 14．A．acquisition B．appreciation C．requirement D．alternative 15．A．As a result B．After all
C．In other words D．Above all Keys:1-5BAADC6-10BABAC11-15CDDAC
passage6
A translator must have an excellent,up-to-date knowledge of his source languages.He must fill facility in the handling of his target language,which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual__1__,and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization.This is,as it were,his professional__2__.In addition to this,it is__3__that he should have an enquiring mind,wide interests,a good memory and the ability to__4__quickly the basic principles of new developments.
He should be willing to work on his own,often at high speeds,but should be humble enough to__5__other people because his own knowledge does not always prove adequate to the task in hand.He should be able to type fairly quickly and __6__and,if he is working mainly for publication,should have more than a nodding __7__with printing techniques and proof-reading.
If he is working basically as an information translator,let us say,for an industrial firms,he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to__8__ rapidly from one source language to another,as well as from one subject-matter to another,since this ability is frequently__9__of him in such work.Bearing in mind the nature of the translator’s work,i.e.the processing of the written word,it is, strictly speaking,__10__that he should be able to speak the languages he is dealing with.
If he does speak them,it is an__11__rather than a hindrance(障碍),but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can do away with.It is,__12__,desirable that he should have an__13__idea about the pronunciation of his source languages,even if this is restricted to knowing how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same__14__to an ability to write his source languages.If he can,well and good; if he cannot,it does not_15__.
1．A．application B．use C．utility D．usage 2．A．equipment B．language C．performance D．facility 3．A．wise B．unique C．desirable D．effective 4．A．input B．grasp C．seek D．expand 5．A．learn B．imitate C．conduct D．consult 6．A．steadily B．accurately C．regularly D．reasonably 7．A．familiarity B．acquaintanceC．knowledge D．skill 8．A．change B．transform C．turn D．switch 9．A．lacked B．required C．faced D．confronted 10．A．essential B．unnecessary C．advantageous D．useless 11．A．idea B．advice C．advantage D．accordance 12．A．however B．accordingly C．consequently D．thus 13．A．adjacent B．ambiguous C．artificial D．approximate 14．A．refers B．comes C．applies D．amounts 15．A．matter B．mind C．harm D．work
Keys:1-5DACBD6-10BBDBB11-15CADCA。