2015-2016学年度外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳(可编辑修改word版)
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小学英语语法总复习
一、时态
1.一般现在时
(1)表示经常发生的动作或事情,通常用“usually通常, often 常常, every…每…, sometimes 有时,always 总是,”等词。
(2)基本结构:
2.现在进行时,
(1)表示正在发生的动作,通常用“now现在, look 看,linsen 听”.
(2)基本形式:be + 动词-ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
What are you doing?
Is he reading?
(3)
3.一般过去时
(1)表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last…上一个…, just now 刚才, a moment ago 刚才,yesterday 昨天”等词。
(2)be 动词的过去式: am/is—was are—were
(4)词过去式的变化:
不规则动词的变化:
原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweep swept teach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said
feel felt drink drank is/am was take took
read read give gave are were mean meant
put put sing sang drive drove meet met
cut cut begin began speak spoke make made
let let ring rang write wrote see saw
fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told
grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew
4.一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。
常常与tomorrow, next Sunday 等时间状语连用。
结构:be going to +动词原形或will +动词原形
例如:I’m going to visit my grandpa next week.
三、可数名词的复数形式
1.一般名词:+ s book –books
2.辅音字母加y 结尾:- y+ ies story—stories
3.以s, x,sh, ch ,结尾:+ es glass—glasses;a watch-watches
以o 结尾:1)有生命的+es potato-potatoes
2) 无生命的+s photo-photoes
4.以f 或fe 结尾:- f 或fe 变为ves knife –knives; shelf-shelves
5.特殊的名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,
mouse-mice, child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)
bread, rice, water, juice,milk,tea,coffee
五、缩略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is /he has(got)
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not didn’t=did not weren’t=were not wasn’t=was not let’s=let us I’ll=I will
六、a. an .the 的用法
1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音:a book, a peach,a “U”
单词的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg,an hour,an “F”
2.the 要注意的:球类前面不加the,play football
乐器前面要加the,play the piano
序数词前面要加the, the second
七、介词
1.表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.,under
2.表示时间:
(1)at : 几点前面用at 如:at six o’clock,没有day 的节日前用at 如:at Christmas, 固定词组at the weekends ,at night
(2)on: 用于星期,日期,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时)
on Sunday 在星期天on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午on March 8 在3 月8 日;
带有Day 的节日前用on 如:on National Day
(3)in: 早晨,中午,晚上前用in:in the morning ,in the afternoon ,in the evening ,
月份前用in ,如in December ;季节前用in ,如winter;年份前用in,如in 1999
八、基数词变成序数词的方法
1. 直接在基数词词尾加上th。
如:seventh 第七,tenth 第十,thirteenth 第十三,
2.以y 结尾的基数词,变y 为i,再加上eth。
如:twentieth 第二十。
3.不规则的。
如:first 第一, second 第二,third 第三,fifth 第五,eighth 第八,ninth 第九,twelfth 第十二。
4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如twenty-first 第二十一。
九、some /any 的用法
1.肯定句中用some:I have some toys in my bedroom.
2.问句和否定句中用any:Do you have any brothers or sisters?
He hasn’t got any pencils in his pencil-case.
3.询问想要什么时用some:Would you like some juice?
Can I have some stamps?
十、there be 结构
1.肯定句(有…):There is +单数或不可数名词
There are +复数
注:遵循就近原则,看靠there be 最近的
2.一般疑问句(有…吗?):Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
3.否定句(没有):There isn’t…. There aren’t….
4.t here be 句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
十一、祈使句
Sit down please.
Don’t open the door, please.
Let’s go to the park.
(注:祈使句中动词用原形)
十二、(情态)动词can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用动词原形。
1.I / He / She / They can sing.
May I come in?
I must go now.
2.You should be quiet in the library.
3.You’ll be good friends.
十三、形容词和副词的比较级
一、形容词的比较级
1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。
比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。
2.形容词加er 的规则:
⑴一般在词尾加er ;short-shorter small-smaller
⑵以字母e 结尾,加r ;large-larger
⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;big-bigger
⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y 变i,再加er ; happy-happier
3.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better
二、副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别(有be 用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be 动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther) 十四、特殊疑问句。