哈姆雷特与夜宴

比较莎剧《哈姆莱特》与现代影片《夜宴》的异同
威廉·莎士比亚（1564-1616）是欧洲文艺复兴时期的代表作家。

他的创作广泛地反映了当时英国的政治、经济、思想、文化、
风俗和习惯，可以当作这个时代的一部形象化的历史来读。

他的戏剧在欧洲戏剧发展史或文学发展史上占据重要的地位，很值得我们去总结和批判地借鉴。

威廉·莎士比亚是个多产的作家、戏剧家和诗人，他的创作可以分为三个时期：第一时期（1590-1600）主要创作有喜剧十部和历史剧九部，还有三部悲剧；第二时期是他创作的最辉煌的时期，一般称为悲剧时期，共创作有《哈姆莱特》等悲剧七部和喜剧四部；第三时期可称为传奇剧时期，主要创作有传奇剧三部和历史剧一部。

下面我们就来看看他在第二时期创作的悲剧《哈姆莱特》和现代影片《夜宴》(编剧：盛和煜邱刚建，导演：冯小刚)在
故事情节、艺术创作风格及创作内容等方面的异同：
一、剧情(Plot)的异同之处代表莎士比亚戏剧创作最高成就的悲剧《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet）写的是丹麦王子哈姆莱特为父复仇的故事。

其情节是这样的：丹麦王子哈姆莱特在德国威登堡大学接受人文主义教育。

因父王突然死去，怀着沉痛的心情回到祖国；不久，母后又同新王---他的叔父结婚，使他更加难堪。

新王声言老王是在花园里被毒蛇咬死的，王子正在疑惑时，老王的鬼魂向他显现，告诉他“毒蛇”就是新王，并嘱咐他为父报仇。

哈姆莱特认为他这复仇不只是他个人的问题，而是整个国家的问题。

他说自己有重整乾坤、力挽狂澜的责任。

他考虑问题的各个方面，既怕泄露心事，又怕鬼魂是假的，还怕落入坏人的圈套，心烦意乱，忧郁不欢，只好装疯卖傻。

同时，他叔父也怀疑他得知隐秘，派人到处探察他的行动和心事。

甚至利用他的两个老同学和他的情人去探察他。

他趁戏班子进宫演出的机会，改编一出阴谋杀兄的旧戏文《贡札古之死》叫戏班子演出，来试探叔父。

戏未演完，叔父做贼心虚，坐立不住，仓皇退席。

这样，更证明叔父的罪行属实。

叔父觉得事情不妙，隐私可能已被发觉。

宫内大臣波洛涅斯献计，让母后叫王子到私房谈话，自己躲在帷幕后边偷听；王子发现幕后有人，以为是叔父，便一剑把他刺死。

从此，奸王便用借刀杀人法，派他去英国，并让监视他去的两个同学带去密信一封。

要英王在王子上岸时就杀掉他；但被哈姆莱特察觉，半路上调换了密信，反而叫英王杀掉两个密使；他自己却跳上海盗船，脱险回来。

回来后知道情人奥菲莉娅因父死、爱人远离而发疯落水溺死。

奸王利用波洛涅斯的儿子雷欧提斯为父复仇的机会，密谋在比剑中用毒剑、毒酒来置哈姆莱特于死地。

结果，哈、雷二人都中了毒剑，王后饮了毒酒，奸王也被刺死。

王子临死遗嘱好友霍拉旭传播他的心愿。

《夜宴》“Dinner Banquet”的情节是这样的：也是皇帝杀死了太子的父亲后登上皇位，并将太子发配边疆（也即先帝驾崩，太子巡游在外。

皇叔篡位并自封厉帝，执掌朝政）。

身为当朝太子后母却又是与太子自小青梅竹马的婉后迫于无奈，委身历帝，并希冀以此保太子周全。

但是，刚刚得知父皇驾崩消息的太子，却在其竹海的伎馆遭遇了一场生死之战。

历帝在诛杀太子的同时也在先皇的宫廷开始了排除异己确立皇权的屠杀。

婉后为求自保，在这场政治争夺中成为了厉帝的帮凶，同时对权利的企及也在她心底日益萌生。

与此同时被迫臣服于厉帝却持有异心的还有太守殷太常。

殷太常之子殷隽乃是当朝武将，其女儿青女更是早已许婚太子。

大势所趋之下，识时务的殷太常开始阻止青女与太子的交往，并极力想在新的王朝确立自己的地位。

谁料青女痴情于太子，并梦见太子回朝。

当太子无鸾出现在婉后面前，婉后抱住少年时的情人，仿若生死两别。

但是无鸾的一声“母后”将她残酷的推开。

她已不再是无鸾少年时习武的陪伴者，也不再是太子的后母，她将成为新的皇后，成就新的皇权，并以她昔日的身份和荣耀，助篡位者猖。

于是，这本该灭绝的王朝开始了一场新的混战……影片的最高潮发生在一场晚宴上，皇帝、皇后、大臣、将军和太子钩心斗角，各怀诡计，上演一场鸿门宴，母后将公主和皇帝杀害，并与大臣之子和太子做最后的决斗。

太子复仇，反被
母后用心腹宫女提供的有毒宝剑误杀，而当母后最终解决掉大臣之子时，却从阴影处伸出致命的一剑。

整个故事也已悲剧而收场。

二、评述两大艺术创作风格（creativa style of art）的差异
在莎士比亚著名的四大悲剧中，《哈姆莱特》（1601）是思想艺术最突出的一部。

它通过激烈的戏剧冲突，生动地表现了个人复仇和“重整乾坤”相结合的鲜明主题，是一出内容深广的社会悲剧，一首情调悲愤的叙事长诗。

而现代影片《夜宴》的介绍说它其实是脱胎于大明宫词的一段剧情。

历史考据方面的功夫没有白下，晚唐森森的深宫感觉很是对路。

幽玄的黑色与猩艳的红色，将《夜宴》华美、阴晦、凄厉的世界观表现得淋漓尽致。

越人的歌谱、婉后的凤袍等均令人过目不忘；而独坐幽篁里的歌艺馆则堪称全片艺术指导的点睛之笔。

三、创作内容(creative content)方面相同之处在于两者都是一部压抑、阴霾的宫廷政治斗争剧。

但我与部分人的观点是一致的：剧情的确有些类似于《哈姆雷特》；艺术创作风格也幽默得好像给人一种压抑感。

但评论也是众说纷纭，如：“冯小刚相当聪明，早在宣传初期就宣布影片构思来自《哈姆莱特》，一则借莎士比亚提高影片的艺术品味，二则避免在故事整体构架上受到质疑。

影片也的确非常“忠于”原著，故事情节甚至剧中每个角色几乎都能与原著戏剧中一一对应。

不过，影片对人物的主次关系还是有所调整，重点侧重于皇后、厉帝与太子的三方矛盾冲突，皇后、青衣与太子的三角恋爱最终沦为政治阴谋的点缀，这或许更多出自商业方面考虑”。

四、人性（Human nature）方面
尽管《夜宴》从莎士比亚借来西方化的背景与格局，可还是带出中国传统禅意。

拥有一种存在主义气质的太子，最终还是抵消不乐宿命的召唤。

在爱情和阴谋之间毁灭的，还有篡位的厉帝，他的谥号就说明了他的本质，充满欲望，试图拥有一切，当然最重要的便是婉后，厉帝从所有层面反击过去觊觎的岁月，核心当然是哥哥和侄儿，权利和性欲，占据了这些人的行为。

其实，在莎士比亚的剧本中，都是为无可逆转的悲辛而怜悯，《夜宴》给我最大的感动，就是所有人都逃不脱，最终婉后在尘埃落定后的欣喜中，被不明来处的飞刀所杀，她回头，却不知暗器何所由来。

总之，在影片《夜宴》中，虽然无情无义之徒互相玩弄、同归于尽的荒诞结尾一时让人无语。

但它也确实是一部颇有争议、耐人寻味的电影。

仁者见仁，智者见智吧！
William Shakespeare, the most remarkable playwright and a poet of England in the period of the Renaissance in European, an outstanding representative of humanitarianism, is one of the founders of modern European literature. Being one of the world’s greatest writers, he was recognized as the pinnacle of English Renaissance. In his works, Hamlet, one of the four tragedies, is considered the summit of Shakespeare’s art. Many characters were created by Shakespeare with unique creative technique in writing. These characters were alive with the unique personality, particularly in Hamlet, the image of Hamlet; the Prince of Denmark is most well-known. Hamlet is a prince with humanistic ideas. He has “The courtier’s, soldier’s, scholar’s eye tongue, sword,” he is “Th’expectancy and rose of the fair state, The glass of fashion and the mould of for m,” However, he was dithery and delayed. His melancholy is the reason that makes the image has a monumental artistic charm. In this paper, the main target is to analyze the character of Hamlet. Through the overview of the plot of Hamlet, the main characters of Hamlet in Hamlet were shown---melancholy and delay have analyzed. As the representative of humanitarianism, how has Hamlet shown the psychology of hesitation in his revenge, and at the same time we should analyze how to realize his character of delay in the contradiction of his family and love. This thesis also analyzes the causes and the background of the formation of Hamlet’s character. In conclusion, in order to achieve a better understanding and excavation the literary value of Hamlet, the thesis summarizes Hamlet has melancholy, delay of the personality traits, and then expresses
the view of the author in Hamlet, as well as the impact of this work. Deepening the analysis and understanding of the character in British and American literature, we can have a better understanding the social background at that time by analyzing Hamlet’s character.
Key words Hamlet Analysis of the character Melancholy Delay
Synopsis:
"The Banquet" is set in ancient China during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms [注：五代十国](907-960 AD), when dynasties succeed each other rapidly in the north and a dozen of independent states vie with one another in the south. Meanwhile, the neighboring Khitan Empire is on the prowl in Manchuria[注：满洲], ready to conquer China when the moment arises.
Against this background of internal turmoil and external threat [注：内忧外患] lives a legendary queen. As beautiful as she is young, and as limber [注：adj.可塑的] as she is smart, Empress Wan (Ziyi Zhang) can launch a thousand ships with her charm and fight a hundred soldiers with her sword. But something is lacking in her life. Unfulfilled in her royal boudoir [注：闺房], she harbors [注：v.持有或抱有（某种特殊的思想或感情）] forbidden desires for her stepson Prince Wu Luan (Daniel Wu), an introverted [注：adj.内向的]and melancholic [注：adj.忧郁的]young man four months her senior, who shies away [注：vt.回避] from the palace to indulge [注：vt.沉溺于] in the ancient art of music and dance.
When the Emperor dies all of a sudden and his virile [注：adj. 有男子气概的, 精力充沛的] younger brother Li (Ge You) takes over the throne, Wan shocks everyone by agreeing to marry Li, convinced that this is the only way to protect Wu Luan while sealing her own position in the court. But Li is no fool, however infatuated [注：v.冲昏头脑] he might be with his sister-in-law, he only pretends to buy into her scheme to consummate his lust. Oblivious to Wan, he has dispatched his guards to kill his nephew.
Already devastated [注：v. 挫败] by his father's death and stunned by his stepmother's impending wedding with his uncle, Wu Luan is pushed to the end of his tether when he realizes his own life is being threatened. After warding off the assassination attempt in a ferocious fight scene, he determines to return to the palace and revenge himself by killing his uncle, whom he believes has murdered his father.
No sooner has Wu Luan returned to the palace than he finds himself inextricably [注：adv. 逃不掉地] trapped in a double love triangle[注：三角恋] : on the one hand, there is Wan, on the other, Qing Nu (Zhou Xun), the daughter of the conniving Grand Marshall [注：大臣]. As pure as snow, Qing Nu is head over heels in love with Wu Luan, and she is ready to sacrifice her life for him.
When Emperor Li proclaims that a big banquet will be held for his ministers, Wu Luan realizes it is the time to strike. Meanwhile, Empress Wan and the Grand Marshall also have their own plans to hatch…
Hamlet is the prince of Denmark, he is learning at the University of Wittenberg in Germany. He finds that his father, the former king, has recently died and that his mother, Queen Gertrude, has
subsequently married Claudius, his father's brother. Claudius has assumed the title of king of Denmark. Hamlet’s sense that “something is rotten in the state of Denmark” is intensified when his friend and fellow student Horatio informs him that a ghost resembling his dead father has been seen on the battlements of the castle. Hamlet confronts the ghost, who tells him that Claudius murdered him and makes Hamlet swear to avenge his death. In order to disguise his feelings, Hamlet declares that from now on he will demonstrate an “antic disposition.” His behavior appears to everyone but Claudius to be a form of madness.
To satisfy his growing questions about whether Hamlet is feigning madness, Claudius makes three attempts to verify Hamlet’s sanity. In his endeavor he makes use of Ophelia, the daughter of the lord chamberlain, Polonius; Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, university friends of Hamlet; and finally Polonius himself. Polonius, sure that Hamlet's madness is the result of disappointed love for Ophelia—for Polonius has instructed her to keep aloof from the prince—arra nges a “chance” encounter between the lovers that he and the king can overhear. Hamlet is not deceived. He bitterly rejects Ophelia and uses the occasion to utter what Claudius alone will recognize as a warning.
In the meantime, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have arrived at court. They talk about the company of players that has followed them to Elsinore. This suggests to Hamlet a means for eliminating all doubts about the king's guilt. He has the players perform a piece, “The Murder of Gonzago,” that reprod uces the circumstances of his father's murder. Claudius interrupts the performance, and Hamlet and Horatio interpret this as a betrayal of his guilt.
Queen Gertrude, angered at what she considers Hamlet's rudeness at the play, summons him to her chamber. On his way Hamlet comes upon Claudius kneeling in prayer. Hamlet overhears the king’s plea to heaven for forgiveness for the act that procured him his crown and his queen. No longer doubting the king's guilt, Hamlet still refrains from killing him. He reasons that the present circumstances seem too much like absolution and that he should reserve his revenge for some occasion when Claudius's death would be certain to be followed by damnation.
By the time Hamlet arrives at his mother's chamber, Polonius, with the complicity of both the king and the queen, has concealed himself behind a tapestry in the hope that Hamlet will reveal the cause of his odd behavior. The queen begins the interview in a challenging tone that infuriates Hamlet, who has long brooded o ver his mother’s marriage to Claudius so soon after his father's death. Hamlet’s response is so violent that Gertrude screams, causing Polonius to cry out for help. Thinking it is the king, Hamlet thrusts his sword through the tapestry and kills Polonius. Claudius then sends Hamlet to England, escorted by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, ostensibly for the prince's safety but in fact to have him executed on his arrival. During Hamlet's absence Laertes, the son of Polonius, returns from Paris, France, to avenge his father's death. Laertes finds that his sister Ophelia, grief stricken by her father's death at the hands of the man she loves, has gone mad. Her suicide by drowning increases Laertes's desire for revenge.
Meanwhile, Hamlet is attacked by sea pirates and persuades them to return him to Denmark. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, however, continue on their way to England; Hamlet has replaced their written order for his execution with another naming them as the victims. When Hamlet returns unexpectedly to witness the funeral of Ophelia, the king suggests to the vengeful Laertes that he challenge Hamlet to a fencing match in which Laertes will use an unprotected foil tipped with poison.
As a backup, should Laertes's skill or nerve fail, the king prepares a poisoned cup of wine to offer
Hamlet. In the excitement of the ensuing duel, the queen insists on drinking from the cup. Hamlet and Laertes are both mortally wounded, for in the violence of the bout the rapiers have changed hands. The dying queen warns Hamlet of the poison. Laertes points to the king as the chief instigator, and Hamlet at once stabs his uncle with the poisoned foil. With his last breath Hamlet exchanges forgiveness with Laertes and asks Horatio to make clear to the world the true story of his tragedy.
Fortinbras, a prince of Norway, appears on the scene. He had earlier been granted permission to lead the Norwegian army across Denmark to attack Poland and has now returned from his military campaign. With all of the claimants to the Danish throne dead, Fortinbras claims the crown.
In the movie Hamlet is given a formidable opponent: Claudius is a hypocrite, but he is a successful one. He achieves his desired effect on everybody. His hypocrisy is that of a skilled politician. He is not dramatically shown as being in any way unworthy of his station--he upholds his part with dignity. He is a "smiling villain" and is not exposed until the final catastrophe. The jealous Hamlet heaps abuse upon him, but Shakespeare makes Claudius the murderer self-controlled. Thus, theatrically, the situation is much more exciting.
Hamlet " of Shakespear is a classical representative work. This book certainly does not have the big difference in the superficial plot with the historical fable, spoke or the Danish prince the story which revenged for the father, in which fills the rank smell of blood violence and dies.Just like the dramatis personae Horatio said: " you may hear to to rape massacre, the unusual repair behavior, the dark center decision, accidental slaughter, borrows the hand murder , as well as falls into suicide result." Windingly elects the plot, tightly centers on the revenge to launch. Hamlet Wittenberg hurries back the home in a hurry from Germany, is attends his father's funeral, enables him to accept, he not catches up with father's funeral, actually witnessed the mother and the Uncle Claudius' wedding ceremony, this had caused Hamm the Wright suspicion at the heart, added night above meets in the royal palace castle with father's ghost, the ghost sorrow sued, this pile atrocity was Uncle Hamlet the behavior, and wanted him to revenge for the father.To this, he started the difficult revenge course, launched the life and death contest with Claudius. Finally, sent out sword the revenge to Claudius
Hamlet is a man with contradictory,he had many chances to kill Claudius,but he hesitated,which reflects the religious thought poisons.
Hamlet " of Shakespear is a classical representative work. This book certainly does not have the big difference in the superficial plot with the historical fable, spoke or the Danish prince the story which revenged for the father, in which fills the rank smell of blood violence and dies.Just like the dramatis personae Horatio said: " you may hear to to rape massacre, the unusual repair behavior, the dark center decision, accidental slaughter, borrows the hand murder , as well as falls into suicide result." Windingly elects the plot, tightly centers on the revenge to launch. Hamlet Wittenberg hurries back the home in a hurry from Germany, is attends his father's funeral, enables him to accept, he not catches up with father's funeral, actually witnessed the mother and the Uncle Claudius' wedding ceremony, this had caused Hamm the Wright suspicion at the heart, added night above meets in the royal palace castle with father's ghost, the ghost sorrow sued, this pile atrocity was Uncle Hamlet the behavior, and wanted him to
revenge for the father.To this, he started the difficult revenge course, launched the life and death contest with Claudius. Finally, sent out sword the revenge to Claudius
Hamlet is a man with contradictory,he had many chances to kill Claudius,but he hesitated,which reflects the religious thought poisons.。