(数控技术的发展趋势)中英文

The development trend of the numerical control technology
Have introduced numerical control technology and the development trend of the equipment and the current situations of the technical development of numerical control equipment and industrialization of our country of our times briefly , have discussed under the new environment further deepened in our country''s accession to the WTO and opening to the outside world on this basis, develop technology of numerical control of our country and the importance of the information-based level of manufacturing industry of our country and international competitiveness equips , improves, and has put forward technology of numerical control of our country and some views equipped of developing from two aspects of strategy and tactics.
The engineering level of equipment industry and modernized intensity are determining the level of the whole national economy and modernized intensity , numerical control technology and equip , develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry To can make technology and basic equipment most (national defense industry industries , such as information technology and their industry , biotechnology , industry , aviation , spaceflight ,etc. . Marx has ever said " the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced, lie in how produce, with what means of labor produce ". Manufacturing technology and equipping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology to equip most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts the technology of numerical control extensively; in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop one''s own numerical control technology and industry, and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in " high-grade, precision and advanced " key technology and equipment of numerical control. In a word, develop taking technology of numerical control as the core advanced manufacturing technology become world all developed country; accelerate
economic development already in a more cost-effective manner, important route to improve the comprehensive national strength and national position.
Numerical control technology to go on technology that control with digital information to mechanical movement and working course, numerical control equipment whether represented by technology of numerical control new technology make industry and new developing infiltration electromechanics integrated product that form of manufacturing industry to tradition, i.e. what is called di gitization equip, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2Information processing , processing , transmission technology; (3Automatic control technology; (4Servo drive technology; (5Transducer technology;
(6Software engineering ,etc..
Development trend of a numerical control technology
The application of the technology of numerical control has not only brought the revolutionary change to traditional manufacturing industry, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of the technology of numerical control and enlargement of application, the development of he some important trades (IT , car , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. to the national economy and the people''s livelihood plays a more and more important role, because these trade necessary digitization that equipped has already been the main trend of modern development. According to the technology of numerical control and equipment development trend in the world at present, its main research focus has the following several respect [1~4].
A high-speed , high finish machining technology and new trend equipped
Efficiency, quality are subjects of the advanced manufacturing technology. At a high speed, high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly, quality and grade to raise product, shorten production cycle and improve the competitive power of market. Japan carry technological research association classify their as one of the 5 loud modern manufacturing technologies first for this reason, learn (CIRP to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century to
study one of the directions in international production engineering. In the field of car industry, produce 40 second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip one of the key problems that must be solved; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, its processing''s spare parts are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity very bad, material aluminum or aluminum alloy, in high to cut pace and cut strength very under the little situation only, could process these muscles, walls. Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy blank method of " pay empty " make the wing recently, large-scale parts such as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection ways, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these requirement for processing and equipping and proposing high-speed , high and precise and high flexibility.
According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, the high-speed machining center enters for the pace to can reach 80m/min, even high; air transport competent pace can reach 100m/min about.
A lot of car factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, adopt, substitute and make the lathe up with high-speed machining center production line part that make up already. HyperMach lathe of Company , CINCINNATI of
U.S.A. , enter , give pace to be most loud to reach 60m/min, it is 100m/min to be fast, acceleration reach 2g, the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60 000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts, spend 30min only, and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h, process and need 8h with ordinary milling machine; The paces and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company reach 12* separately! 000r/mm and 1g. In machining accuracy, in the past 10 years, ordinary progression has accused of the machining accuracy of the lathe to already improve from 10μm to 5μm, accurate grades of machining center
from 3- 5μm, raise to 1- 1.5μm, and ultraprecision machining accuracy begin , enter getting nanometer already.
In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe raise to 5μm , from 3- 5μm accurate grades of machining center from 10μm already, improve to 1- 1.5μm, and the ultraprecision machining accuracy has already begun to enter nanometer (0.01μm ly. In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability . For realize at a high speed , high finish machining, related to it function part if electric main shaft , straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application is further expanded .
Five axles link and process and compound and process the lathe to develop fast
Adopt 5 axle link , to three-dimensional curved surface processing of part , can cut with the best geometrics form of the cutter, not only highly polished, but also efficiency is improved by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged , a 5 axle gear beds of efficiency can equal 2 3 axle gear beds , use cubic nitrogen boron wait ultra hard material milling cutter go on at a high speed milling , sharpening , quenching hard steel at the part, 5 axle link , process constant 3 axle link , process , give play to high benefit. But go over because 5 axles link the numerical control system , complicated reason of host computer structure, price its link numerical control to be lathe several times higher than 3 axle, in addition programming technological difficulty relatively heavy , have restricted 5 axle gear beds of development. At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, make , realize 5 axle compound main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify, it make difficulty and cost reduce by a large margin , numerical control price disparity of systems shrink. So promote compound main shaft head type 5 axle gear bed and compound development to process lathe (process the lathe including 5 .
At EMO2001 exhibition, new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt compound main shaft hair, can realize 4 processing and arbitrary processing of angle of vertical plane, make 5 process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized at the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls . Company , DMG of Germany , exhibit DMUVoution series machining center , can put , insert , down 5 process and 5 axes link
and process in one, can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM controls directly or indirectly.
Intellectualizations, open style, the network turns into for the contemporary numerical control system development mainly hastens
The 21st century numerical control equipments will be has certain intellectualized the system, the intellectualized content including in numerical control system each aspect: In order to pursue the processing efficiency and the processing quality aspect intellectualization, like processing process adaptive control, craft parameter automatic production; In order to enhance the actuation performance and the use connection convenient intellectualization, like the feed-forward control,
the electrical machinery parameter auto-adapted operation, the automatic diagnosis load automatic designation model, is automatic entire grades; Simplification programming, simplification operation aspect intellectualization, like intellectualized automatic programming, intellectualized man-machine contact surface and so on; Also has the intelligence to diagnose, the intelligent monitoring aspect content, the convenience system diagnosis and the service and so on
In order to solve the traditional numerical control system seal and the numerical control application software industry production existence question. At present many countries conduct the research to the open style numerical control system, like US''S NGC (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control, European Economic Community''s OSACA (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems, Japan''s OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller, China''s ONC (Open Numerical Control System and so on. The numerical control system will open already becomes the numerical control system road of the future. The so-called open style numerical control system is the numerical control system development may in the unified movement platform, face the engine bed factory and the end-user, through the change, the increase or the tailor structure object (numerical control function, forms the seriation, and
may conveniently integrates user''s special application and the technical knack in the control system, the fast realization different variety, the different scale open style numerical control system, forms has the bright individuality famous brand goods. At present the open style numerical control system system structure standard, the correspondence standard, the disposition standard, the movement platform, the numerical control system function storehouse as well as t he numerical control system function software development kit and so on is the current research core
The network numerical control equipment is a nearly two year international famous engine beds expositions new luminescent spot. The numerical control equipment network enormously will satisfy the production line, the manufacture system, the manufacture enterprise to the information integration demand, also will be realizes new manufacture pattern like agile manufacture, hypothesized enterprise, the global manufacture foundation unit. The domestic and foreign some famous numerical controls engine bed and the numerical control system manufacture company has all promoted the related new concept and the prototype in the nearly two years, if unfolds in EMO2001, Japanese Shan Qima Mazak the company displays "CyberProduction Center" (intelligence production control center, is called CPC; Japan is Okuma the engine bed company to display "IT plaza" (information technology square, is called the IT square; German Simens (Siemens the company displays Open Manufacturing Environment (opening manufacture environment, is called OME and so on, had reflected the numerical control engine bed processing the tendency which develops to the network direction
Takes the new technical standard, the standard establishment
About numerical control system design development gauge
As noted previously, there are better commonability , flexibility , adaptability , expanding in the open numerical control system, countries such as U.S.A. , European Community and
Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on research and formulation of the systematic norm of structural numerical control of the open system
(OMAC , OSACA , OSEC , 3 of world heavy economy carry on the same science plan and standardize formulation nearly in a short time most, have indicated a new arrival of period of change of the technology of numerical control. Our country started research and formulation which standardized the frame of ONC numerical control system of China too in 2000.
About the numerical control standard
The numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development of manufacturing industry. Numerical control technology information exchange of 50 year born , to based on ISO6983 standard, adopt G , M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he can''t meet demands of high-speed development of the technology of modern numerical control more and more already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC in the world, its purpose is offering a kind of neutral mechanism not depending on the concrete system , can describe the unified data model in whole lifespan of the products , thus realize the whole manufacture process, and even the standardization of each industrial field product information.
The appear ance of STEP-NC may be a revolution of the technical field of the numerical control, on development and even the whole manufacturing industry of the technology of numerical control , will exert a far-reaching influence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea , in the traditional manufacture idea, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on single computer. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a direction of open , networked development of technology of numerical control. Secondly, STEP-NC numerical control system also can reduce , process (about 75% drawing , process procedure work out (about 35% time and process (about 50% time greatly.
At present, American-European countries pay much attention to the research of STEP-NC, Europe initiates IMS plan (1999.1.1- 2001.12.3 of STEP-NC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users , manufacturers and academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this plan.
STEP Tools Company of U.S.A. is a developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed and accused of the super model (Super Model of information exchange of machine tooling by counting, its goal is to describe all processing courses with the unified norm. Such new data interchange form has already been verified in allocating the SIEMENS , FIDIA and European OSACA-NC numerical control at present.
Two pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control of our country
The technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, i.e.
closed developing stage. In this stages, technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of the technology of numerical control is comparatively slow. During " Sixth Five-Year Plan Period " , " the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period " of the country in second stage and earlier stage in " the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period ", introduce technology , digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is that on the later stage in " the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period " of the country and during the " Ninth Five-Year Plan Period ", implement the research of industrialization , enter market competition stage. At this stage, made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In " the Ninth Five-Year Plan " latter stage,
domestic numerical control domestic market share of lathe reach 50% , mix domestic numerical control system (popular to up to 10%.
Review the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially pass the brainstorm of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements.
Have establish the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has basically mastered the technology of modern numerical control. Our country know from numerical control system , servo urge , numerical control host computer , special plane and their basic of fittings basically already now, among them most technology have already possessed the foundation that is commercialized and developed , some technology has already, industrialization commercialized.
Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize , set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity of batch such as numerical control of Central China , spaceflight numerical control etc.. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, a batch of servo systems and first machine tool plant , first machine tool plant of Jinan of servo electrical machinery factory and Beijing ,etc. several numerical control host computer factories such as the numerical control in Central China. These factories have basically formed the numerical control industrial base of our country.
Have set up research of a numerical control, development , managerial talent''s basic team . Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of the technology of numerical control, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, there is greater disparity between current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level especially in industrialization. Though very fast from longitudinal development to watch our country,
horizontal until (contrast with foreign countries , the engineering level has disparity, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, i.e. the disparity of engineering level between some high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the
tendency to expand . Watch from world , estimate roughly as follows about the numerical control engineering level of our country and industrialization level.
On the engineering level, in probably backward 10- 1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technology.
At the industrialization level, the market share is low, the variety coverage rate is low, have not formed the large-scale production yet; Function part specialized level of production and form a complete set ability to be lower; Appearance quality is relatively poor; Dependability is not high, the commercialized intensity is insufficient; Not setting up one''s own brand effect yet in domestic numerical control system, users have insufficient confidence.
At the ability of sustainable development, to competition numerical control research and development of technology, engineered ability weaker; Numerical control technological application expand efforts to be better; The research , formulation that relevant standards are normal lags behind.
It is analyzed that the main reason for having disparity described above has the following several respect.
Realize the respect. Know to domestic numerical control industry process arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic insufficiently; One that is to market unstandard, foreign blockade add strangle , system ,etc. underestimate while being difficult; It is not enough to analyze to technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country.
System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many in the issue , consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one , industry chain in terms of technology; Set up intact related system , complete training , service network ,etc. of high quality support the system.
Mechanism. The bad mechanism causes the brain drain , restraining technology and technological route from innovating again , products innovation, and has restricted the effective
implementation of planning , has often planned the ideal , implement the difficulty.
d.Technology. Enterprises are indifferent in autonomous innovation in technology, key technology is engineered and indifferent. Lathe standard lag behind, level relatively low, numerical control system new standard study enoughly.
Strategic thinking until technology and industrialization of numerical control of our country develop
Strategic consideration
Our country of strategic consideration makes the big country , should try hard to accept the front instead of the back transformation in the world industry shifts , should master and make key technology advancedly , otherwise in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, of our country manufacturing industry step forward " the empty core ". We regard resource , environment , market as cost, possibility got to exchange " assemble the centre ", but not master the status of the manufacturing center of key technology , will so influence the development process of the modern manufacturing industry of our country seriously.
We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention to the technology of numerical control and industry''s question , at first seen from social safety, because manufacturing industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing industry not only can improve the people''s living standard but also can relieve the pressure of employment of our country , ensure the stability of the society; Secondly seen from security of national defence, the western developed country has classified all the high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control products as the strategic materials of the country, realize embargo and restriction to our country, " Toshiba incident " and " Cox Report " is the best illustration.
Development tactics
Proceed from the angles of the fundamental realities of the country of our country, regard the strategic demand of the country and market demand of the national economy as the direction, regard improving our country and making the comprehensive competitive power of equipping industry and industrialization level as the goal, use the systematic method , be able to choose the support technology that the initial our country makes the key technology upgraded in development of equipping industry and supports the development of industrialization in 21st century of leading factor, the ability to supply the necessary technology realizes making the jump type development of the equipping industry as the content of research and development.
Emphasize market demand is a direction, take terminal products of numerical control as the core , with the complete machine (Such as the numerical control lathe having a large capacity and a wide range, milling machine , high speed high precise high-performance numerical control lathe , model digitized machinery , key industry key equipment ,etc. drive numerical control development of industry. Solve the numerical control system and relevant functions part especially The dependability in (digitized servo system and electrical machinery , electric main shaft system of high speed and new attachment that equip ,etc. and production scale question. There are no products without high dependability of scale ; Will not have cheap and products rich in the competitiveness without scale ; Certainly, it is difficult finally to have the day to hold up head that there is no Chinese numerical control equipment of scale .
In equipping researching and developing high-grade , precision and advancedly , should emphasize the production, learning and research and close combination of end user, regard " obtaining, using, selling " as the goal, tackle key problems according to the national will, in order
to solve the needing badly of the country. The technology of numerical control, emphasized innovation, put emphasis on researching and developing technology and products with independent intellectual property right before the competition, establish the foundation for the numerical control industry of our country , sustainable development of the equipment manufacture and even the whole manufacturing industry.
数控技术的发展趋势
摘要:简要介绍了当今世界数控技术及装备发展的趋势及我国数控装备技术发展和产业化的现状, 在此基础上讨论了在我国加入 WTO 和对外开放进一步深化的新环境下,
发展我国数控技术及装备、提高我国制造业信息化水平和国际竞争能力的重要性,
并从战略和策略两个层面提出了发展我国数控技术及装备的几点看法。

装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度,
数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业 (如信息技术及其产业、
生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业的使能技术和最基本的装备。

马克思曾经说过“各种经济时代的区别, 不在于生产什么,
而在于怎样生产,用什么劳动资料生产”。

制造技术和装备就是人
类生产活动的最基本的生产资料,而数控技术又是当今先进制造技术和装备最核心的技术。

当今世界各国制造业广泛采用数控技术, 以提高制造能力和水平,
提高对动态多变市场的适应能力和竞争能力。

此外世界上各工业发达国家还将数控技术及数控装备列为国家的战略物资,
不仅采取重大措施来发展自己的数控技术及其产业, 而且在“高精尖”数控关键技术和
装备方面对我国实行封锁和限制政策。

总之,
大力发展以数控技术为核心的先进制造技术已
成为世界各发达国家加速经济发展、提高综合国力和国家地位的重要途径。

数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术,
数控装备是以数控技术
为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品,
即所谓的数字化装备, 其技术范围覆盖很多领域:(1机械制造技术; (2信息处理、加工、
传输技术; (3自动控制技术; (4伺服驱动技术; (5传感器技术; (6软件技术等。

数控技术的发展趋势
数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化,使制造业成为工业化的象征, 而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大, 他对国计民生的一些重要行业 (IT 、
汽车、轻工、医疗等的发展起着越来越重要的作用,
因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势。

从目前世界上数控技术及其装备发展的趋势来看, 其主要研究热点有以下几个方面[1~4]。

高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势
效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。

高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率,提高产品
的质量和档次,缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。

为此日本先端技术研究会将其列为
5大现代制造技术之一, 国际生产工程学会 (CIRP 将其确定为
21世纪的中心研究方向之一。

在轿车工业领域,年产 30万辆的生产节拍是 40秒 /辆,而且多品种加工是轿车装备必
须解决的重点问题之一; 在航空和宇航工业领域, 其加工的零部件多为薄壁和薄筋, 刚度很差,材料为铝或铝合金, 只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情况下,才能对这些筋、壁进行加工。

近来采用大型整体铝合金坯料“掏空”的方法来制造机翼、
机身等大型零件来替代多个零件通过众多的铆钉、螺钉和其他联结方式拼装,
使构件的强度、刚度和可靠性得到提高。

这些都对加工装备提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。

The development trend of the numerical control technology（文献翻译） 11 从 EMO2001 展会情况来看，高速加工中心进给速度可达 80m/min，甚至更高，空运行速度可达
100m/min 左右。

目前世界上许多汽车厂，包括我国的上海通用汽车公司，已经采用
以高速加工中心组成的生产线部分替代组合机床。

美国 CINCINNATI 公司的 HyperMach 机床进给速度最大达 60m/min，快速为 100m/min，加速度达 2g，主轴转速已达
60000r/min。

加工一薄壁飞机零件，只用 30min，而同样的零件在一般高速铣床加工需
3h，在普通铣床加工需 8h；德国 DMG 公司的双主轴车床的主轴速度及加速度分别达
12*!000r/mm 和 1g。

在加工精度方面，近 10 年来，普通级数控机床的加工精度已由
10μm 提高到 5μm，精密级加工中心则从 3～5μm，提高到
1～1.5μm，并且超精密加工精度已开始进入纳米级 (0.01μm。

在可靠性方面，。