集团公司模拟托福考试学习材料-2
托福(口语)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
托福（口语）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listen for a question about a familiar topic. After you hear the question, you have 15 seconds to prepare and 45 seconds to record your answer.Narrator 1: If you were asked to choose one movie that has influenced your thinking, which one would you choose? Why? What was especially impressive about the movie? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice.Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer after the beep.Beep[Preparation Time: 15 seconds]Narrator 2: Please begin speaking after the beep.Beep[Recording Time: 45 seconds]BeepNarrator 2: Number 2. Listen for a question that asks your opinion about a familiar topic. After you hear the question, you have 15 seconds to prepare and 45 seconds to record your answer.Narrator 1: Some people think that teachers should be evaluated by the performance of their students on standardized tests at the end of the term. Other people maintain that teachers should be judged by their own performance in the classroom, and not by the scores that their students achieve on tests. Which approach do you think is better and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer after the beep.Beep[Preparation Time: 15 seconds]Narrator 2: Please begin speaking after the beep.Beep[Recording Time: 45 seconds]BeepNarrator 2: Number 3. Read a short passage and listen to a talk on the same topic. Then listen for a question about them. After you hear the question, you have 30 seconds to prepare and 60 seconds to record your answer.Narrator 1: A meeting is planned to explain the residence requirements for instate tuition. Read the policy in the college catalogue printed on page 73. You have 45 seconds to complete it. Please begin reading now.[Reading Time: 45 seconds]Narrator 1: Now listen to a student who is speaking at the meeting. He is expressing his opinion about the policy.Student:Well, I agree with most of the policy, but what I don’t understand is why I have to use my parents’ address as my permanent address. This is my third year in a dorm on campus, and I’ve gone to school every summer, so I’ve lived in this state for three consecutive years. I don’t pay state taxes because I don’t earn enough as a full-time student to, uh, to pay taxes, but I don’t receive support from my parents either. I have a small grant and a student loan that I’m responsible for, and . . . and I plan to live and work in this state after I graduate, so, urn, I think students like me should be eligible for a waiver.Narrator 1: The student expresses his opinion of the policy for instate tuition. Report his opinion and explain the reasons that he gives for having that opinion.Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer after the beep.Beep[Preparation Time: 30 seconds]Narrator 2: Please begin speaking after the beep.Beep[Recording Time: 60 seconds]BeepNarrator 2: Number 4. Read a short passage and listen to a lecture on the same topic. Then listen for a question about them. After you hear the question, you have 30 seconds to prepare and 60 seconds to record your answer.Narrator 1: Now read the passage about communication with primates printed on page 74. You have 45 seconds to complete it. Please begin reading now.[Reading Time: 45 seconds]Narrator 1: Now listen to part of a lecture in a zoology class. The professor is talking about a primate experiment.Professor:Let metell you about an experiment that didn’t turn out quite like the researcher had expected. Dr. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh had been trying to train a chimpanzee to use a keyboard adapted with symbols. But no luck. What is interesting about the experiment is that the chimpanzee’s adopted son Kanzi, also a bonobo Chimpanzee, well, Kanzi had been observing the lessons and had acquired a rather impressive vocabulary. After that, Kanzi was not given structured training, but he was taught language while walking through the forest or in other informal settings with his trainers. By six years of age, Kanzi had acquired a vocabulary of more than 200 words and was able to form sentences by combining words with gestures or with other words. So, the question is this: should we proceed by trying to teach language to primates in a classroom environment, or should we simply live with them and interact informally like we do with beginning learners of language in our own species? I tend to side with those whoNarrator 1: Explain the importance of the Kanzi experiment in the context of research on primate communication.Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer after the beep.Beep[Preparation Time: 30 seconds]Narrator 2: Please begin speaking after the beep.Beep[Recording Time: 60 seconds]BeepNarrator 2: Number 5. Listen to a short conversation. Then listen for a question about it. After you hear the question, you have 20 seconds to prepare and 60 seconds to record your answer.Narrator 1: Now listen to a conversation between a student and her friend.Friend: Did you decide to take Johnson’s class?Student: Yeah. I’m going to work it out somehow. Yesterday I walked from the chemistry lab to Hamilton Hall—that’s where Johnson’s class is.Friend: And?Student: And it took me twenty minutes.Friend: Uh-oh. You only have fifteen minutes between classes, so that means you’ll be five minutes late. Listen, why don’t you buy a bike? I’m sure you could cut at least five minutes off your time if you took the bike trail.Student: I thought about that. But then I’d have to get a license, and I’d have to find somewhere to store it at night. I thought it might be a hassle.Friend: Oh, it’s not so bad. I have a bike. The license is only ten dollars, and I just park my bike on the deck outside my apartment when the weather’s good. And the weather should be okay for most of spring semester.Student: That’s true.Friend: Well, your other option is to talk with Dr. Johnson. Maybe he’ll give you permission to be five minutes late to his class because of the distance from your lab. Actually, I’ve had several classes with him, and he seems very approachable. Anyway, it’s an alternative to the bike, if you don’t want to do that.Narrator 1: Describe the woman’s problem, and the two suggestions that her friend makes about how to handle it. What do you think the woman should do, and why?Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer after the beep.Beep[Preparation Time: 20 seconds]Narrator 2: Please begin speaking after the beep.Beep[Recording Time: 60 seconds]BeepNarrator 2: Number 6. Listen to part of a lecture. Then listen for a question about it. After you hear the question, you have 20 seconds to prepare, and 60 seconds to record your answer.Narrator 1: Now listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class. The professor is discussing the habitable zone.Professor:Of course, stars are too hot to support life, but the light from a star warms orbiting planets or moons, supplying the energy needed for life to develop. Besides energy, a liquid, let’s say, a chemical solvent of some kind, is also necessary. On Earth, the solvent in whichlife developed was water, but others such as ammonia, hydrogen fluoride, or methane might also be appropriate. So, in order for the solvent to remain in liquid form, the planet or moon must lie within a certain range of distances from the star. Why is this so? Well, think about it. If the planet is too close to the star, the solvent will change into a gas, boiling and evaporating. If it is too far from the star, the solvent will freeze, transforming into a solid. For our sun and life as we know it, the habitable zone appears to lie between the orbits of Venus and Mars. Within this range, water remains liquid. And until recently, this area was indeed the accepted scientific definition of the habitable zone for our solar system. But now scientists have postulated that the habitable zone may be larger than originally supposed. They speculate that the strong gravitational pull caused by larger planets may produce enough energy to heat the cores of orbiting moons. So that means that these moons may support life. There may be habitable zones far beyond Venus!Narrator 1: Using the main points and examples from the lecture, describe the habitable zone, and then explain how the definition has been expanded by modern scientists.Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer after the beep.Beep[Preparation Time: 20 seconds]Narrator 2: Please begin speaking after the beep.Beep[Recording Time: 60 seconds]Beep1．If you were asked to choose one movie that has influenced your thinking, which one would you choose? Why? What was especially impressive about the movie? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice.Preparation Time: 15 seconds Recording Time: 45 seconds正确答案：The movie that has influenced my thinking the most is Fantasia because it’s my first memory of classical music and ballet. One reason the movie was so impressive is, urn, I was at a very impressionable age when I saw it—five years old. Besides that, it was made using the latest technology. In the 1950s, it was amazing to see detailed animation and ... and hear high quality sound. But what really influenced me was the music and the dance scenes. I especially remember Mickey Mouse dancing with the brooms and I’m sure I took ballet lessons because of it. The coordination of the storm scene with the music from The Hall of the Mountain King still impresses me when I see it today and, thanks to Walt Disney, classical music is still my favorite music. 涉及知识点：口语2．Some people think that teachers should be evaluated by the performance of their students on standardized tests at the end of the term. Other people maintain that teachers should be judged by their own performance in the classroom, and not by the scores that their students achieve on tests. Which approach do you think is better and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.Preparation Time: 15 seconds Recording Time: 45 seconds正确答案：I think it’s good to evaluate teachers by their student’s performace on standardized tests because when teachers and students are judged by the same criteria, they’ll work efficiently toward the same goals. Now some teachers argue that tests aren’t important but still, students need good scores for admission to universities sothe tests are important to them. If teachers were evaluated on the same basis, then they would pay more attention to the criteria on tests to design their lessons so both students and teachers would benefit. Another reason to use this evaluation is to compare teachers from different schools on a standardized scale. And this system would be more fair, too, because the possibility of a teacher getting a high evaluation because of friendship with the supervisor is also eliminated. 涉及知识点：口语3．Reading Time: 45 secondsPolicy for TuitionIn order to qualify for instate tuition, a student must have lived within this state for a period of not less than one year. Furthermore, the instate address must be the permanent residence of the student. College campus addresses may not be used as permanent residences. The student’s driver’s license and any vehicles must be registered in the state, and the previous year’s state tax form must have been submitted to this state. V oter registration and a high school diploma may also be used as evidence of instate status. Spouses and children of military personnel qualify for instate tuition without residence requirements.The student expresses his opinion of the policy for instate tuition. Report his opinion and explain the reasons that he gives for having that opinion.Preparation Time: 30 seconds Recording Time: 60 seconds正确答案：The student said that he mostly agreed with the policy for instate tuition but he disagreed with a couple of requirements. For one thing, you can’t use a campus address as a permanent address, but he’s a dorm student, and he explained that he’s lived in the dorm for three years because he’s gone to school every summer without returning to his parent’s home to live so the dorm really is his permanent address right now. He doesn’t think he should have to use his parent’s out-of-state address. Besides that, he hasn’t been subsidized by his parents. In the policy, the most recent taxes must be filed in the state of residence but, uh, he didn’t make enough money to pay taxes. He didn’t mention in which state he had his voter’s registration or car registration and driver’s licenses, but he said that he plans to continue living and working in the state after graduation, and he thought that he should be eligible for a waiver of the out-of-state fees. 涉及知识点：口语4．Reading Time: 45 secondsCommunication with PrimatesEarly experiments to teach primates to communicate with their voices failed because of the differences in their vocal organs, not their intellectual capacity. Dramatic progress was observed when researchers began to communicate by using American Sign Language. Some chimpanzees were able to learn several hundred signs that they put together to express a number of relationships similar to the initial language acqusition of children. In addition, success was achieved by using plastic symbols on a magnetic board, each of which represented a word. For example, a small blue triangle represented an apple. Chimpanzees were able to respond correctly to basic sequences and even to form some higher-level concepts by using the representative system.Explain the importance of the Kanzi experiment in the context of research on primatecommunication.Preparation Time: 30 seconds Recording Time: 60 seconds正确答案：The experiment with Kanzi is important because it supports the theory that language should be acquired in natural settings instead of in a formal classroom. Previous research to teach primates to communicate included direct instruction in American Sign Language and, uh, also plastic shapes that could be arranged on a magnetic board. Earlier research ... I think it was with Kanzi’s mother... it replicated this formal approach. But when Kanzi learned vocabulary by observing the lessons, the direction of the experiment changed. In informal settings with trainers, Kanzi acquired a vocabulary of about 200 words, and began to create sentences with words and gestures to ... to communicate with human, uh, companions. Children of our own species learn by informal interaction with adults. The Kanzi experiment suggests that this may be a better way to teach language to primates. 涉及知识点：口语5．Describe the woman’s problem and the two suggestions that her friend makes about how to handle it. What do you think the woman should do, and why?Preparation Time: 20 seconds Recording Time: 60 seconds正确答案：The problem is that the woman has only fifteen minutes between classes but it takes twenty minutes to walk from the chemistry lab to Hamilton Hall where Professor Johnson’s class is held. So she would like to take the class with Johnson but she would be late. Urn, her friend suggests that she buy a bike but her concern is that she would need a license and would have to store the bike somewhere at night. The other, uh, recommendation is ... is to ask Dr. Johnson for permission to enter the class five minutes late. So... I think the woman should talk with the professor first. Her friend says he’s approachable and he might give her permission to be late for class. The first five minutes in a class is usually just business anyway—taking attendance and handing back papers—so she wouldn’t miss much. And, if he refuses, then she can always resort to the other alternative. She can buy a bike and a license, and she can find a place to store it. 涉及知识点：口语6．Using the main points and examples from the lecture, describe the habitable zone, and then explain how the definition has been expanded by modern scientists.Preparation Time: 20 seconds Recording Time: 60 seconds正确答案：The habitable zone is an area in which life can develop. There are several requirements, including an energy source and a chemical solvent that retains its liquid form. Okay, that means that the moon or the planet where life may develop has to be close enough to the energy source—probably a star—close enough that the solvent will remain a liquid. Outside the habitable zone, it would freeze or boil, depending on whether it was far way or too close to the star. In the case of Earth, the Sun supplied the energy and water was the chemical solvent. So, for life to evolve in ways similar to our own, the habitable zone would have to fall between Venus andMars. But, modern scientists are questioning whether the forces of gravity on larger planets might not generate enough energy to heat up the cores of the moons that orbit them. Now, if that’s the case, then there could be habitable zones at a great distance from Venus, which was the previously determined limit for a habitable zone in our solar system. 涉及知识点：口语。
托福模拟试题
托福模拟试题IntroductionThe TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is a standardized test that measures the English language proficiency of non-native speakers. It is widely recognized and accepted by universities and institutions around the world. This article aims to provide a simulated TOEFL test question, along with a sample answer, to help students prepare for the exam.Simulated TOEFL Test QuestionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:The Industrial Revolution, which occurred in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries, was a period of significant change. It marked a shift from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. This transition had far-reaching effects on society, labor, and the global economy.Question 1:What was the main consequence of the Industrial Revolution?Question 2:How did the Industrial Revolution impact the economy?Sample Answer:Question 1:The main consequence of the Industrial Revolution was the transformation of the economy from agrarian and handicraft-based to one centered around industry and machine manufacturing. This shift led to urbanization, as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of employment opportunities. As a result, the traditional social structure of society was disrupted, and new social classes emerged.Question 2:The Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on the global economy. With the advent of new technologies, production processes became more efficient and cost-effective. As a result, goods could be produced in larger quantities and distributed to a wider market. This led to an increase in international trade and the growth of capitalist economies. Additionally, the Industrial Revolution stimulated innovation and invention, leading to further economic growth and development.ConclusionIn conclusion, the Industrial Revolution was a transformative period in history, marked by significant changes in the economy, society, and the global market. Its consequences can still be seen today, shaping the way we live and work. Understanding the impact and significance of this historical event is crucial for students preparing for the TOEFL exam, as it often tests knowledge of historical and social topics.。
托福模拟考试题
托福模拟考试题听力部分：Question 1:Listen to the conversation between a student and a professor. What is the main topic of their discussion?[Audio Clip]Student: Good morning, Professor Smith. I was wondering if you could give me some advice on my research paper.Professor: Of course, what's the topic you're working on?Student: It's about the impact of social media on modern society.Professor: Ah, that's a very timely subject. What specific aspects are you focusing on?Student: I'm looking into how social media has changed the way people communicate and the potential negative effects it might have.Professor: Well, you might want to consider the role ofsocial media in spreading information, both accurate and inaccurate, and its influence on public opinion.Answer: The main topic of their discussion is the impact of social media on modern society.Question 2:In the lecture, what is the professor's view on the role of technology in education?[Audio Clip]Professor: In today's educational landscape, technology plays a crucial role. It enhances the learning experience by providing access to a wealth of information and interactive tools that can cater to different learning styles. However,it's also important to balance this with traditional teaching methods to ensure a well-rounded education.Answer: The professor believes that technology is importantin education but should be balanced with traditional teaching methods.阅读部分：Passage 1:The passage discusses the historical development of transportation methods, from the invention of the wheel to the modern era of electric cars and high-speed trains. It highlights the impact of these advancements on society, including increased mobility, economic growth, and cultural exchange.Question 1: According to the passage, what was one of the earliest forms of transportation?Answer: One of the earliest forms of transportation was the wheel.Question 2: What impact did the invention of the steam engine have on transportation?Answer: The invention of the steam engine led to the development of steam-powered trains and ships, which significantly increased the speed and efficiency of transportation.写作部分：Task 1:Write an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of online education compared to traditional classroom learning.[Essay]Online education has revolutionized the way we learn,offering flexibility and accessibility that traditional classroom learning cannot match. Students can access a vast array of courses and resources from anywhere in the world, at any time, which is particularly beneficial for those with busy schedules or geographical constraints.However, online education also has its drawbacks. The lack of face-to-face interaction can lead to feelings of isolation and may hinder the development of essential social skills. Additionally, the self-directed nature of online learningrequires a high level of discipline and motivation, which some students may struggle to maintain.In conclusion, while online education offers many advantages, it is not a perfect substitute for traditional classroom learning. A balanced approach that combines the best elements of both methods could provide the most effective educational experience.Task 2:Write a letter to the editor of your local newspaper expressing your opinion on the importance of preserving local historical sites.[Letter]Dear Editor,I am writing to express my concern about the importance of preserving our local historical sites. These sites are not only a testament to our past but also serve as a valuable educational resource for future generations.Preserving these sites can also contribute to the local economy by attracting tourists and fostering a sense of community pride. I urge our local government and citizens to take action to protect and maintain these invaluable pieces of our heritage.Sincerely,[Your Name]口语部分：Task 1:Some people prefer to live in a small town, while others prefer to live in a big city. Which do you prefer and why?[Response]I prefer living in a big city because of the numerous opportunities it offers. Big cities are hubs of culture, business, and innovation, providing a diverse range of job opportunities and entertainment options. The fast-paced lifestyle and the chance to meet people from different walks of life are also appealing to me.Task 2:Describe a challenge you have faced and how you overcame it.[Response]One of the challenges I faced was adapting to a new work environment after a job change. To overcome this, I took the initiative to learn about the company culture, sought feedback from my colleagues, and actively participated in team meetings. Over time, I was able to build strong relationships with my coworkers and contribute effectively to the team's goals.结束语：This concludes the TOEFL simulation test. We hope this practice helps you prepare effectively for the actual test. Remember, consistent practice and a positive mindset are key to achieving your desired score. Good luck!。
托福考试听力复习材料2
1. M: Look, I'm sorry to bother you about this, but that music's reallyloud.W: I didn't realize you could hear it.Q: What will the woman probably do?2. M: George is going to work in New York for the summer.W: Can he do that and go to summer school?Q: What does the woman imply about George?3. W: Shouldn't someone pick up the clothes from the cleaner's?M: Don't look at me!Q: What does the man mean?4. W: Congratulations! I understand you got a job. When do you startwork?M: You must be thinking of someone else. I'm still waiting to hear.Q: What does the man mean?5. W: Are you sure you corrected all the typing errors? You want to make agood impression.M: I'd better read through the paper again.Q: What is the man going to do?6. M: I think the whole class is going on the field trip next Friday.W: I'm not so sure. Not everyone has paid the transportation fee.Q: What does the woman imply?7. W: Could you bring my calculator back? I need it to do my math homeworktonight.M: I don't know how to put this; but, uh, I dropped it, and now the "on"button doesn't light up.Q: What is the man's problem?8. W1: Look at this note from the landlord.W2: What? We can't afford another twenty dollars a month.Q: What are the speakers talking about?9. W: Janet said she's coming to my graduation.M: But she has to work that week, doesn't she?Q: What does the man imply about Janet?10. W: Why is it that whenever I open my mailbox lately, I pull out lettersaddressed to you?M: Oh, uh, until I find a new apartment, I'm having the post office forwardmy mail to your place.Q: What is happening to the man's letters?。
集团公司托福考试内部题库资料-2
集团公司托福考试内部题库资料-21. (A) He wants to know which scarf the woman chose.(B)He wants to know what color the jacket is.(C)He thinks he selected a nice scarf.(D)He thinks any color would go well with the jacket.2. (A) Bob has been married for a long time.(B) The woman should go to California.(C) He plans to go to the wedding.(D) He hasn't been to California for a long time.3. (A) He wants a glass of water.(B) He won't do as the woman asks.(C) He can't wait any longer.(D) He's looking for the waiter.4. (A) It's just past ten o'clock.(B) There's no time to talk.(C) She needs a little more time.(D) She has more than ten cents.5. (A) She appreciates the man's help.(B) Her presentation was somewhat long.(C) She needed more time to prepare.(D) She worked hard on her presentation.6. (A) She wants to exercise before she runs.(B) It's too hot to go running.(C) Her jogging suit isn't warm enough.(D) She already went jogging.7. (A) To tell him they are busy.(B) To cancel an appointment.(C) To invite him to go to a film.(D) To ask him a question about homework.8. (A) Keep looking for his wallet.(B) Report the theft of the wallet right away.(C) Put his wallet in his jacket pocket.(D) Be more careful with his wallet.9. (A) She is on a special diet.(B) She doesn't like to walk to the cafeteria.(C) She thinks the cafeteria is too expensive.(D) She doesn't eat lunch anymore.10. (A) The man should look into buying a new car.(B) The car looks better than it used to.(C) The man should fly to Florida.(D) The man should get his car checked.11. (A) Tickets are available for future performances.(B) The performance has been canceled.(C) She wants to see the show tomorrow.(D) The performance has already started.12. (A) What is causing the problem.(B) When the faucet started leaking.(C) How old the faucet is.(D) How to deal with the problem.13. (A) In a locker room.(B) In a department store.(C) In a shoe-repair shop.(D) At a track.14. (A) It fell out of the camera.(B) Mary developed it in photography class.(C) Susan took it to be developed.(D) The man gave it to Susan.15. (A) He got out of the shower to answer the phone.(B) He didn't hear the phone ringing.(C) There's something wrong with the shower.(D) He took a shower earlier than usual.16. (A) His vacation has been postponed(B) He needs to take his medicine with him on vacation.(C) He is going to change his allergy medicine.(D) His allergies no longer bother him.17. (A) She might be late for her chemistry class.(B) She'll borrow a bike after class.(C) She might be delayed in lab.(D) She might ride her bike to the lab.18. (A) Laurie doesn't have much musical talent.(B) Laurie taught herself to play the guitar.(C) Laurie wants to play music with other people.(D) Laurie has a summer job playing guitar.19. (A) Get a job on campus.(B) Take an electronics course.(C) Visit the electronics company.(D) Apply for a job with the electronics company.20. (A) He no longer watches much television.(B) He prefers the comedies from the sixties.(C) Television comedies haven't improved since the sixties.(D) He hasn't seen many of the old shows.21. (A) The woman is satisfied that the book has been returned.(B) The woman doesn't lend books to people.(C) The man is too embarrassed to borrow a book from the woman.(D) The man can't find the book he borrowed from the woman.22. (A) He's never been to a debate.(B) He thinks the team was eliminated.(C) He can't go to the state competition.(D) He doesn't know if the team was successful.23. (A) Ask the professor if the course will be given again.(B) Postpone talking the course.(C) Request permission to take the courses together.(D) Take the course from a different professor.24. (A) She also needs a new tennis racket.(B) She wants to borrow some money, too.(C) She doesn't think Brain will repay the loan.(D) She couldn't get Brain to play tennis.25. (A) His violin is out of tune now.(B) He probably lost some of his skill on the violin.(C) He has worked as a violinist for a long time.(D) He's too old to begin studying the violin.26. (A) He doesn't expect to enjoy the theater.(B) He's sorry he can't go with the woman.(C) He thinks the theater will be too crowded.(D) He rarely goes to plays.27. (A) He'll see the exhibit after June.(B) He visited the new student several times.(C) He wants to exhibit his work at the Student Center.(D) He can see the exhibit before it closes.28. (A) She is going to miss her first class.(B) She prefers going to the dentist later in the day.(C) The man will be finished before his first class.(D) The man might sleep late and miss his appointment.29. (A) Put some money in her wallet.(B) Buy a band-concert ticket.(C) Make a donation.(D) Lend the man some money.30. (A) Their friends would take them to the beach.(B) They wouldn't mind taking the bus.(C) Someone would drive them home.(D) They wouldn't be able to fine a phone31. (A) Relaxing at the seashore.(B) Visiting her parents.(C) Sailing on a boat.(D) Preparing for a race.32. (A) She was invited only for the weekend.(B) The weather was too hot.(C) She had an appointment(D) She had schoolwork to do.33. (A) She had to go home.(B) She was too tired to continue.(C) She had to finish her schoolwork.(D) She was thirsty.34. (A) She doesn't know how to swim.(B) The water was too deep.(C) The water was too cold.(D) She didn't have enough time.35. (A) A vacation trip to Yellowstone Park.(B) A lecture by a visiting professor.(C) Her biology thesis.(D) A research project.36. (A) More buffalo are surviving the winter.(B) Fewer buffalo are dying of disease.(C) More buffalo are being born.(D) Fewer buffalo are being killed by hunters.37. (A) She is from Wyoming.(B) She needs the money.(C) She has been studying animal diseases.(D) Her thesis adviser is heading the project.38. (A) Collecting information about the bacteria.(B) Working on a cattle ranch.(C) Writing a paper about extinct animals.(D) Analyzing buffalo behavior.39. (A) To inform visitors of the park's history.(B) To provide an overview of the park's main attractions.(C) To show visitors remote places in the park.(D) To teach visitors how best to photograph wildlife.40. (A) It's easy to get lost.(B) It requires enormous strength.(C) It's a good group activity.(D) People shouldn't do it in the winter.41. (A) There are fewer tourists.(B) The entrance fees are lower.(C) The animals are more active.(D) There are fewer insects.42. (A) To show a videotape on survival in outer space.(B) To gain support for the space program.(C) To describe her experience on space missions.(D) To inform the audience about the space suit.43. (A) The lack of air pressure.(B) The extremely hot or cold temperatures.(C) Exposure to radiation.(D) An inadequately ventilated space suit.44. (A) On the exterior of the space shuttle.(B) In the torso of the space suit.(C) In the helmet.(D) In the control center at NASA.45. (A) A videotape.(B) A book.(C) A picture.(D) An oxygen tank.46. (A) Another speaker will describe the helmet.(B) The woman will talk about the space shuttle.(C) Someone from the audience will try on the helmet.(D) The woman will put on a space suit.47. (A) To describe Twyla Tharp's career.(B) to introduce a well-known dancer.(C) To provide background for a video presentation.(D) To encourage the audience to study dance.48. (A) The dancers in the video had more experience with Tharp's choreography.(B) Twyla Tharp was the lead dancer in the video.(C) The filming techniques made the dance easier to understand.(D) The new musical score was more appropriate for the topic.49. (A) Jazz.(B) Folk(C) Classical.(D) Rock.50. (A) What the pineapple symbolizes.(B) Twyla Tharp's career in dance.(C) How the video was filmed.(D) The quality of the music in the video.97年5月TOFEL 语法(Page 167)B1. The ponderosa pine is _____ of most of the timber used by forest product firms in the BlackHills of South Dakota.(A) the source(B) as source(C) the source which(D) because the source2. Computers that once took up entire rooms are now _____ to put on desktops and intowristwatches.(A) small enough(B) smaller than(C) so small(D) as small as3. According to some educator, the goal of teaching is to help students learn what _____ to knowto live a well-adjusted and successful life.(A) do they need(B) they need(C) they are needed(D) as they may need.4. The sapphire's transparency to ultraviolet and infrared radiation makes _____ in opticalinstruments.(A) it is of use(B) it uses(C) it a useful(D) it useful5. _____ initial recognition while still quite young.(A) Most famous scientists achieved.(B) That most famous scientists achieved(C) Most famous scientists who achieved(D) For most famous scientists to achieve.6. Mango trees, _____ densely covered with glossy leaves and bear small fragrant flowers, growrapidly and can attain heights of up to 90 feet.(A) whose(B) which are(C) are when(D) which7. _____, the Canadian composer Barbara Pentland wrote four symphonies, three concertos, andan opera, among other works.(A) An artist who, prolific(B) Is a prolific artist(C) Prolific an artist(D) A prolific artist.8. The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptionsthat occurred _____.(A) the area in which dinosaurs roamed(B) when dinosaurs roamed the area(C) did dinosaurs roam the area(D) dinosaurs roaming the area.9. In bas-relief sculpture, a design projects very slightly from its background, _____ some coins.(A) as on(B) because(C) the way that(D) similarly.10. Alaska found the first years of its statehood costly because it had to take over the expenseof services _____ previously by the federal government.(A) To provide(B) Be provided(C) providing(D) provided.11. With age, the mineral content of human bones decreases, _____ them more fragile.(A) make(B) and to make(C) thereby making(D) which it makes.12. Not until Kentucky's Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972 _____.(A) when was its full extent realized(B) that its full extent realized(C) was its full extent realized(D) the realization of its full extent.13. The first explorer _____ California by land was Jedediah Strong Smith, a trapper who crossed the southwestern deserts of the United States in 1826.(A) that he reached(B) reached(C) to reach(D) reaching it14. Written to be performed on a _____, Thornton Wilder's play Our Town depicts life in a small New England community.(A) stage scenery of bare(B) bare of stage scenery(C) scenery bare of stage(D) stage bare of scenery.15. _____ many copper mines in the state of Arizona, a fact which contributes significantly to the state's economy.(A) They are(B) There are(C) Of the(D) The16. A food additive is any chemical that food manufactures intentional add to theirA B C products.D17. Margaret Mead studied many different cultures, and she was one of the firstA BCanthropologists to photograph hers subjects.D18. Talc, a soft mineral with a variety of uses, sold is in slabs or in powdered from.A B CD19. During the 1870's iron workers in Alabama proved they could produce iron byABburning iron ore with coke, instead than with charcoal.C D20. Geologists at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory rely on a number of instrumentsA BCto studying the volcanoes in Hawaii.D21. Underlying aerodynamics and all other branches of theoretical mechanics are theA BClaws of motion who were developed in the seventeenth century.D22. Was opened in 1918, the Phillips Collection in Washington, D.C., was the firstA B museum in the United States devoted to modern art.C D23. A mortgage enables a person to buy property without paying for it outright; thusA B C more people are able to enjoy to own a house.D24. Alike ethnographers, ethnohistorians make systematic observations, but they alsoA BCgather data from documentary and oral sources.D25. Basal body temperature refers to the most lowest temperature of a healthyA BCindividual during waking hours.D26. Research in the United States on acupuncture has focused on it use in pain reliefA BC Dand anesthesia.27. The Moon's gravitational field cannot keep atmospheric gases from escape intoA BCspace.D28. Although the pecan tree is chiefly value for its fruit, its wood is used extensivelyA BCfor flooring, furniture, boxed, and crates.D29. Born in Texas in 1890, Katherine Anne Porter produced three collection of shortABstories before publishing her well-known novel Ship of Fools in 1962.C D30. Insulation from cold, protect against dust and sand, and camouflage are among theA BCfunctions of hair for animals.D31.The notion that students are not sufficiently involved in their education is oneA B reason for the recently surge of support for undergraduate research.C D32.As secretary of transportation from 1975 to 1977, William Coleman worked to helpABthe bankrupt railroads in the northeastern United States solved their financial problems.C D33. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary formations, whereAB Cthey interrupt previously continuous layers.D34. Many flowering plants benefit of pollination by adult butterflies and moths.A B CD35. A number of the American Indian languages spoken at the time of the EuropeanA BCarrival in the New World in the late fifteen century have become extinct.D36. George Gershwin was an American composer whose concert works joined theABsounds of jazz with them of traditional orchestration.C D37. One of the problems of United States agriculture that has persisted during theAB1920's until the present day is the tendency of farm income to lag behind the costs ofCproduction.D38. Volcanism occurs on Earth in several geological setting, most of which areA B associated with the boundaries of the enormous, rigid plates that make up theCDlithosphere.39. Early European settlers in North America used medicines they made from plants nativeAB Cto treat colds, pneumonia, and ague, an illness similar to malaria.D40. Some insects bear a remarkable resemblance to dead twigs, being long,ABslenderness, wingless, and brownish in color.C D97年5月TOFEL阅读(Page 168-170)CQuestion 1-8With Robert Laurent and William Zorach, direct carving enters into the story of modern sculpture in the United States. Direct carving - in which the sculptors themselves carve stone or wood with mallet and chisel - must be recognized as something more than just a technique. Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring their own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony. Forexample, sometimes the shape or veining in a piece of stone or wood suggests, perhaps even dictates, not only the ultimate form, but even the subject matter.The technique of direct carving was a break with the nineteenth-century tradition in which the making of a clay model was considered the creative act and the work was then turned over to studio assistants to be cast in plaster or bronze or carved in marble. Neoclassical sculptors seldom held a mallet or chisel in their own hands, readily conceding that the assistants they employed were far better than they were at carving the finished marble.With the turn-of-the-century Crafts movement and the discovery of nontraditional sources of inspiration, such as wooden African figures and masks, there arose a new urge for hands-on, personal execution of art and an interaction with the medium. Even as early as the 1880's and 1890's, nonconformist European artists were attempting direct carving. By the second decade of the twentieth century, Americans - Laurent and Zorach most notably - had adopted it as their primary means of working.Born in France, Robert Laurent(1890-1970) was a prodigy who received his education in the United States. In 1905 he was sent to Paris as an apprentice to an art dealer, and in the years that followed he witnessed the birth of Cubism, discovered primitive art, and learned the techniques of woodcarving from a frame maker.Back in New York City by 1910, Laurent began carving pieces such as The Priestess, which reveals his fascination with African, pre-Columbian, and South Pacific art. Taking a walnut plank, the sculptor carved the expressive, stylized design. It is one of the earliest examples of direct carving in American sculpture. The plank's form dictated the rigidly frontal view and the low relief. Even its irregular shape must have appealed to Laurent as a break with a long-standing tradition that required a sculptor to work within a perfect rectangle or square.1. The word "medium" in line 5 could be used to refer to(A) stone or wood(B) mallet and chisel(C) technique(D) principle2. What is one of the fundamental principles of direct carving?(A) A sculptor must work with talented assistants.(B) The subject of a sculpture should be derived from classical stories.(C) The material is an important element in a sculpture.(D) Designing a sculpture is a more creative activity than carving it.3. The word "dictates" in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) reads aloud(B) determines(C) includes(D) records4. How does direct carving differ from the nineteenth-century tradition of sculpture?(A) Sculptors are personally involved in the carving of a piece.(B) Sculptors find their inspiration in neoclassical sources.(C) Sculptors have replaced the mallet and chisel with other tools.(D) Sculptors receive more formal training.5. The word "witnessed" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) influenced(B) studied(C) validated(D) observed6. Where did Robert Laurent learn to carve?(A) New York(B) Africa(C) The South Pacific(D) Paris.7. The phrase "a break with" in line 30 is closest in meaning to(A) a destruction of(B) a departure from(C) a collapse of(D) a solution to8. The piece titled The Priestess has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:(A) The design is stylized.(B) It is made of marble.(C) The carving is not deep.(D) It depicts the front of a person.Question 9-19Birds that feed in flocks commonly retire together into roosts. The reasons for roosting communally are not always obvious, but there are some likely benefits. In winter especially, it is important for birds to keep warm at night and conserve precious food reserves. One way to do this is to find a sheltered roost. Solitary roosters shelter in dense vegetation or enter a cavity - horned larks dig holes in the ground and ptarmigan burrow into snow banks - but the effect of sheltering is magnified by several birds huddling together in the roosts, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, bluebirds, and anis do. Body contact reduces the surface area exposed to the cold air, so the birds keep each other warm. Two kinglets huddling together were found to reduce their heat losses by a quarter and three together saved a third of their heat.The second possible benefit of communal roosts is that they act as "information centers." During the day, parties of birds will have spread out to forage over a very large area. When they return in the evening some will have fed well, but others may have found little to eat. Some investigators have observed that when the birds set out again next morning, those birds that did not feed well on the previous day appear to follow those that did. The behavior of common and lesser kestrels may illustrate different feeding behaviors of similar birds with different roosting habits. The common kestrel hunts vertebrate animals in a small, familiar hunting ground, whereas the very similar lesser kestrel feeds on insects over a large area. The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone, but the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts in flocks, possibly so one bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms.Finally, there is safety in numbers at communal roosts since there will always be a few birds awake at any given moment to give the alarm. But this increased protection is partially counteracted by the fact that mass roosts attract predators and are especially vulnerable if they are on the ground. Even those in trees can be attacked by birds of prey. The birds on the edge are at greatest risk since predators find it easier to catch small birds perching at the margins of the roost.9. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How birds find and store food.(B) How birds maintain body heat in the winter.(C) Why birds need to establish territory.(D) Why some species of birds nest together.10. The word "conserve" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) retain(B) watch(C) locate(D) share11. Ptarmigan keep warm in the winter by(A) huddling together on the ground with other birds.(B) Building nests in trees.(C) Burrowing into dense patches of vegetation(D) Digging tunnels into the snow.12. The word "magnified" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) caused(B) modified(C) intensified(D) combined13. The author mentions kinglets in line 9 as an example of birds that(A) protect themselves by nesting in holes.(B) Nest with other species of birds(C) Nest together for warmth(D) Usually feed and nest in pairs.14. The word "forage" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) fly(B) assemble(C) feed(D) rest15. Which of the following statements about lesser and common kestrels is true?(A) The lesser kestrel and the common kestrel have similar diets.(B) The lesser kestrel feeds sociably but the common kestrel does not.(C) The common kestrel nests in larger flocks than does the lesser kestrel.(D) The common kestrel nests in trees, the lesser kestrel nests on the ground.16. The word "counteracted" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) suggested(B) negated(C) measured(D) shielded17. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an advantage derived by birds that huddle together while sleeping?(A) Some members of the flock warm others of impending dangers.(B) Staying together provides a greater amount of heat for the whole flock.(C) Some birds in the flock function as information centers for others who are looking for food.(D) Several members of the flock care for the young.18.Which of the following is a disadvantage of communal roosts that is mentioned in the passage?(A) Diseases easily spread among the birds.(B) Groups are more attractive to predators than individual birds.(C) Food supplies are quickly depleted(D) Some birds in the group will attack the others.19. The word "they" in line 25 refers to(A) a few birds(B) mass roosts(C) predators(D) trees.Question 20-30Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810 a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850's an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860's, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing urban populations created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890's, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. An easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented I the 1870's, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920's and 1930's.Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavy in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.20. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Causes of food spoilage.(B) Commercial production of ice(C) Inventions that led to changes in the American diet.(D) Population movements in the nineteenth century.21. The phrase "in season" in line 2 refers to(A) a kind of weather(B) a particular time of year(C) an official schedule(D) a method of flavoring food.22. The word "prevent" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) estimate(B) avoid(C) correct(D) confine23. During the 1860's, canned food products were(A) unavailable in rural areas(B) shipped in refrigerator cars(C) available in limited quantities.(D) A staple part of the American diet.24. It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use(A) before 1860(B) before 1890(C) after 1900(D) after 192025. The word "them" in line 14 refers to(A) refrigerator cars(B) perishables(C) growers(D) distances26. The word "fixture" in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) luxury item(B) substance(C) commonplace object(D) mechanical device27. The author implies that in the 1920's and 1930's home deliveries of ice(A) decreased in number(B) were on an irregular schedule(C) increased in cost(D) occurred only in the summer.28. The word "Nevertheless" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) therefore(B) because(C) occasionally(D) however29. Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT mentioned in the passage?(A) Drying(B) Canning(C) Cold storage(D) Chemical additives.30. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?(A) Tin cans and iceboxes helped to make many foods more widely available.(B) Commercial ice factories were developed by railroad owners(C) Most farmers in the United States raised only fruits and vegetables.(D) People who lived in cities demanded home delivery of foods.Question 31-38The ability of falling cats to right themselves in midair and land on their feet has been a source of wonder for ages. Biologists long regarded it as an example of adaptation by natural selection, but for physicists it bordered on the miraculous. Newton's laws of motion assume that the total amount of spin of a body cannot change unless an external torque speeds it up or slows it down. If a cat has no spin when it is released and experiences no external torque, it ought not to be able to twist around as it falls.In the speed of its execution, the righting of a tumbling cat resembles a magician's trick. The gyrations of the cat in midair are too fast for the human eye to follow, so the process is obscured. Either the eye must be speeded up, or the cat's fall slowed down for the phenomenon to be observed. A century ago the former was accomplished by means of high-speed photography using equipment now available in any pharmacy. But in the nineteenth century the capture on film of a falling cat constituted a scientific experiment.The experiment was described in a paper presented to the Paris Academy in 1894. Two sequences of twenty photographs each, one from the side and one from behind, show a white cat in the act of righting itself. Grainy and quaint though they are, the photos show that the cat was dropped upside down, with no initial spin, and still landed on its body clockwise, the rear and tail。
托福口语模拟题库
托福口语模拟题库Section 1: Personal Experience1. Describe a memorable event from your childhood.2. Talk about a time when you achieved a personal goal.3. Discuss a challenging experience you faced and how you overcame it.4. Describe an important decision you made and its impact on your life.5. Talk about a time when you collaborated with others to complete a project.Section 2: Campus Life1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of living on campus.2. Compare and contrast studying in your home country and studying abroad.3. Describe a club or organization you would like to join and why.4. Share your experience attending a school event or sports game.5. Discuss the challenges international students may face in adapting to a new campus environment.Section 3: Personal Preferences1. Talk about your favorite genre of music and explain why you enjoy it.2. Describe your ideal vacation destination and give reasons for your choice.3. Discuss whether you prefer physical books or e-books and explain why.4. Talk about a hobby or activity you enjoy in your free time and why.5. Share your opinion on whether it is better to work alone or in a team.Section 4: Social Issues1. Discuss the impact of social media on society.2. Share your opinion on whether the government should provide free education for all.3. Talk about the benefits and downsides of globalization in today's world.4. Discuss the impact of climate change and ways to address this issue.5. Share your thoughts on the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.Section 5: Future Plans1. Discuss your career aspirations and why you chose that field.2. Describe your ideal job and the qualities you value in a workplace.3. Talk about your plans for further education and why you want to pursue it.4. Share your thoughts on the importance of lifelong learning and personal growth.5. Discuss the challenges and rewards of being an entrepreneur.Section 6: Cultural Differences1. Compare and contrast the education systems in your home country and the United States.2. Discuss the cultural traditions and customs you find most interesting in a foreign country.3. Talk about the importance of preserving indigenous cultures and languages.4. Share your thoughts on the role of food in different cultures.5. Discuss the impact of immigration on cultural diversity.Section 7: Technology1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using smartphones.2. Share your thoughts on the role of artificial intelligence in the future.3. Talk about the impact of social media on personal relationships.4. Describe a technological advancement that has positively influenced your life.5. Discuss the ethical implications of gene editing technology.Section 8: Education1. Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of online learning.2. Share your thoughts on the importance of arts education in schools.3. Talk about the role of technology in the classroom.4. Describe a memorable teacher and the impact they had on your education.5. Discuss the benefits of studying abroad for personal and academic growth.Section 9: Travel and Adventure1. Discuss the benefits and challenges of solo travel.2. Share your most memorable travel experience and what you learned from it.3. Talk about the impact of tourism on the environment.4. Describe a famous landmark or tourist attraction you would like to visit.5. Discuss the benefits of learning about different cultures through travel.Section 10: Health and Wellness1. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet and regular exercise.2. Share your thoughts on the impact of stress on mental and physical health.3. Talk about the benefits of alternative medicine practices such as acupuncture or yoga.4. Describe a healthy habit you have incorporated into your daily routine.5. Discuss the importance of mental health awareness and the resources available for support.注意：本模拟托福口语题库为例示题目，实际使用时请参考官方提供的题目。
托福学生学习资料表B2
精读各个题型，做题并且进行总结，之后可以就可以 用TPO进行测试
按照之前积累的，一周两套作文，写好后可以参考一 下范文，然后进行改正总结
回归托福真题，模考已20套之后真题为主，主要训练 测试时间和做题速度和正确率。
托福口语独立论据
阅读
积累论据和好词好句
王玉梅词汇/学科词汇
听力真题训练，背诵托福听力背景词汇汇总
口语训练，以综合口语为主
精读训练
综合写作和独立写作
听说读写综合模拟
福学员学习资料表
预约课程消耗过半时候安排阶段测试，具体时间待定
级词汇（资料包发送一周左右 会有老师和您联系并预习单词测试 请做好准备）
前期可以用TPO20套之前的进行练习，每天一个 section，两天结束一套TPO的听力部分，然后对答 案，总结题型，单词，短语和句型进行一定时间的听 写练习，一套做完之后要反复听，然后跟读 经过听说读写前期的积累，综合口语可以着手进行 了，两天进行一套整体的练习，录音，并不断修改， 第三天进行总结
参考资料和书籍
时长
托福核心词汇21天背诵
每天1个list
邱政政听力10大段子/老托100篇
前期每天一个听力，后期可以适当增加
Task1&Task2 独立论据
每天半小时
老托福阅读100篇 托福写作185独立题库 写作思路 托福满分作文
每天两到三篇 一天三个独立论据整理
托福写作满分词以类记
每天一个专项的词汇和一篇 满分作文
积累背诵独立口语中的素材，促进口语词汇中的有效 运用 老托阅读是托福备考准备阶段的经典材料，无论是题 材，题型等方面，都与真题相似，前期每天两到三 篇，积累题型和做题方法，并总结词汇，短语和句
托福模拟试题(二)2
托福模拟试题（二）2托福模拟试题（二）2 托福模拟试题（二）2 发布时间：2006-05-13els and began designing larger buildings on increasingly spacious parcels even farther from city centers. Other builders began working on home to meet the needs of young couples starting new families. The townhouse, a two to three-story brick and frame structure containing more than 4 but less than 30 units per structure, wa seen as the solution. These aprtments were successful in luring many young adult city dwellers out to the suburbs.In subsequent development, traditional single family ranch-style designs continued to be embraced, but new forms were also introduced: The condominium, a singlefamily attached dwelling; the triplex and fourplex, three-and four-family struchres; and prefabs, which have become significantly more popular durin the last 20 years owing to their low cost and ease of construction. The prefabs have the additional distinction of being mobile. It is not uncommon to see semi-trailers hauling these modular living units along the freeways to remote destinations. In a very real sense, thisphenomena marks the cutting edge of suburbanization: a move out of the traditional suburbs and into areas that were formally considered wildeness.11. What is the primary topic of the passage?(A) Real-estate finance(B) Suburban housing(C) Construction techniques(D) Population increase12. According to the passage, when did suburban housing experience its greatest increase in America?(A) 1940's(B) 1950's(C) 1960's(D) 1970's13. In line 3, the word "surge" is closest in meaning to(A) increase(B) decline(C) desire(D) order14. It can be inferred that the large population increases in San Diego and San Joese were due to(A) increased employment in the area(B) excellent year-round weather(C) proximity to the coast(D) large municipal areas15. How did suburban construction change in the 1960's?(A) It increased in the cities of San Diego and San Jose.(B) It slowed and developed more specific markets.(C) It slowed and developed a unified approadch.(D) It relied more on prefab housing.16. Which of the following was NOT true of the larger suburban houses built in the sixties?(A) They were built larger than traditional suburban homes.(B) They were mainly sold to people who already.(C) they were on larger pieces of land.(D) They were closer to the city.17. In line 15, the world "reap" is closest in meaning to(A) overcome(B) harvest(C) alter(D) avoid18. According to the passage, how did the townhouse differ from a traditional suburban home?(A) They costs more to build.(B) They were built near cities.(C) Several homes were grouped together.(D) They attracted older buyers.19. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a alternative to traditional suburban housing?(A) High-rise buildings(B) Prefabricated housing(C) Triplexes and fourplexes(D) Condominiums20. What does the author imply about future housing development?(A) It will continue to move away from the city centers.(B) It will slow donw as the economy falters.(C) All housing will be mobilized.(D)The move towards suburbs has cut to the end.Questions 21-30When European explorers came across the densely clustered earthen homes of the southwestern American Indians, they described them as pueblos-the Spanish word for town or village. The name ocnveys the complexity of these ancient muti-storied buildings which marked a high point inteh enginnrng feats of the region's native people.The earthen homes were typically built beneath a large rock overhang to take advantage of the shelter from winter rains and the hot desert sun. An additional advantage of this carefully chosen location was the ability to maintain steady internal temperatures through contact with the thermal mass of solid rock along the rear walls.In the earliest times, the exteriors were made of sandstone blocks. Since this material was relatively soft, it was easy to cut slabs from the mountains and build thick walls mortared with mud from a nearby stream. In areas where the stone was either too difficult to cut, or where there was a short supply of suitable material, the blocks could be built from mud mixed with dried grass and small sticks, this product was known as "adobe."Ingenious techniques were involved in the construction of the roofs. Although there were few trees available int eh desert regions, the men of the ribe would collect any lumber long enough to cover the span between the walls. These flexible poles were then interlaced with smaller sticks, and finally with small wigs and leaves. Once the covering was strong enough to walk on, river mud and dried grasses wer eapplied in severallayers until a sufficient thickness had been accumulated to give the final rigid form.The second storywas typically set back a dozen meters alowing a "front yard" for cooking, basket weaving and tanning animal skins. This teeraced effect created a spacious living environment and allowed both an organized area for domestic activities as well as an easy method of passage from one house to another.21. What is the primary topic of the passage?(A) The southwestern American Indians(B) The ancient uses of Sandstone blocks(C) The architecture of the southwestern Indian(D) The most practial ancient housing22. What can be inferred about the buildings from the fact they were named "pueblos" ?(A) They were only built near a city.(B) They could contain many people.(C) They style was created by the Spanish.(D) They were built of local materials.23. In line 4, the word "feats" is colosest in meaning to(A) accomplishments(B) destinies(C) exertions(D) celebrations24. It can be inferred that the interior section of the pueblo with the most regular temperature would be(A) the front(B) the terrace(C) the left side(D) the rear section25. What were the original pueblos built of?(A) Sticks and grass(B) Adobe(C) River mud(D) Carved blocks26. What ethod was used in areas where it was too difficult to cut stone?(A) Softer stones were used.(B) River rocks were used.(C) Mud was molded into bricks.(D) Sticks were used.27. According to the passage, what aspect of pueblo construction was most interesting?(A) The cuttign of rocks(B) The mixing of mud(C) The building of roofs(D) The terraced patios28. In line 24, the word "terraced" is closest in meaning to?(A) Stepped(B) Opened(C) Enclosed(D) Noteworthy29. Which of the following was not mentioned as an activity performed as an activity performed on the front section of the pueblo?(A) Cooking(B)Sun tanning(C) Making leather(D) Weaving30. It can be inferred that every level of the pueblo had a terraceEXCEPT(A) the second story(B) the top story(C) the first story(D) the tird storyQuestions 31-42Hydroponics, the science of growing plants in water or inert substances, represents one of the most innovative practices in moden agricultural development. Not only does it allow greater precision of the plant growth process, it permits the production of crops in hostile in fertile environments.The first widely publicized soilles gardeing experiments were conducted during the 1930's. W.F. Gericke, of the University of Califormai at Berkeley, varied nutrient levels among secimens suspended in a gravel substrate to demonstrate remarkable alterations in growth. Among the findings that amazed his fellow horticulturalists was the production of tomato plants over 6 meters high.The original hydroponic gardens merely consisted of plants floating in water. It later discovered that the roots could survive in a number of media, as long as they were supplied with sufficeint moisture, nutrients and oxyen. Avariety of materials are used in recent versions including, gravel, sand, peat, sawdust, plastics and even peanut shells. Indeed, one of the most productive methods involes suspending plants in air with a styrofoam support and spraying them occasionally with nutrient solution to keep them moist.Many different kinds of materials are suitable for physically containing plants, yet all of these systems share one trait: the culture solution. This nutrient bath is prepared in a tank by dissolving salts which provide the necessary chemicals for plant metabolism. Constant care must be taken to assure that the sodium-chloride levels in the tank do not reach excessive levels as the plants draw water and minerals out of the solution. The acidity of the tank must also be maintained aroudn 6.0 to 6.5 depending on the specific type of plants being harvested.Although soilless farming is generally more expensive than utilizing fertile land, Herbicides and pesticides are unesessary becausue of the controlled environment. The plants also need less space to grow because their untrient uptake is significantly more efficient. The most outstanding benefit, though, is the ability to produce crops in areas with poor soil conditions or insufficient rainfall.31. Which is NOT mentioned as a benefit of hydroponics?(A) More control over plant growth(B) Broader ranges of agricultural environements(C) Production of impressive specimens(D) Decreased costs compared to other methods32. What does this passage mainly discuss?(A) Soilless gardening(B) Plant nutrition(C) Growth media(D) Controling plant growth33. According to the passage, how did Gericke produce tall tomato plants?(A) He altered the type of substrate.(B) He demonstrated their growth to his fellow horticulturalists.(C) He increased the acidity of their environment.(D) He controlled their nutrition by growing without soil.34. In line 8, the word "findings" is closest in meaning to(A) outcomes(B) questions(C) verdicts(D) convictions35. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a necessity for hydroponics?(A) Moisture(B) Nutrients(C) Earth(D) Oxygen36. According to the passage, which part of the plant is most affected by the modern horticulture?(A) Leaves(B) Stems(C) Roots(D) Flowers37. In line 11, word "media" is closest in meaning to(A) commercials(B) substances(C) averages(D) organizations38. In line 15, the word "suspending" most closely means?(A) Halting(B) Revoking(C) Hanging(D) Removing39. According to the passage, what quality do all soilless systems have in common?(A) Gravel substrate(B) Natural lighting(C) Nutrient solution(D) Similar results40. Which of the following is NOT necessary to monitor in the nutrient solution?(A) sodium-chloride levels(B) Dissolved nutrient levels(C) Acidity levels(D) Proper substrate levels41. According to the passage, what would be a good reason NOT to use hydroponics?(A) Increased pesticides(B) Produces lower quality products(C) Higher cost(D) Uses less space42. In line 27, the word "uptake" is closest in meaning to(A) allowance(B) rising(C) absorption(D) respirationQuestions 43-50Whereas most animal teeth, including those of the odontocetes whales, are made of tough rock-like calcium, the mouths of the mystecetes whales are lined with a series ofvertical, blade-like plates which hang from the upper jaw enabling them to filter their food from the seawater. Made from keratin, the same material found in fingernails, these food gathering combs are collectively referred to as a baleen. The whales fill their mouths with tons of seawater and then strain the collected mass through the baleen mats to estract tiny crustaceans such as krill, copepods and the occasional very small fish. Despite their large size, these whales have an esophagus of only a few inches in diameter which prohibits them from swallowing anything much larger than the smallest sardines. Instead of hunting for their prey, the baleen whales merely propel themselves through the fertile surface waters collecting the abundant material in their filtering apparatus.The odontocetes, or toothed whales, have peg-like teeth which grasp prey but do not chew it, and their throats are large enough to devour entire squids, octopus and small sharks. Under ideal conditions, they feed opportunistically upon whatever is immediately available though they are capable of diving over a half mile deep in pursuit of food. As the feeding grounds of the odontocetes vary seasonally according to the availability of prey, they typically must migrae long distances.While both the toothless mystecetes and the carnivorous odontocetes have similar physical characteristics, including an average overall isze exceeding twenty meters and a shared mammalian background, their habitats and behaviors differ due to their distinct nutritional needs. An interesting distinction is the lack of social behaviors among the toothless animals. Herding behavior demonstrates the rule among toothed whales as opposed to the baleen whales which typically travel in pairs or individually, believed to use a primitive form of communication among their peers as an aid in pursiung food.43. what is the main topic of the passage?(A) the difference between toothed and toothless whales.(B) The behavior of whales(C) The nutritional requirements for whales(D) The physical characteristics of whales44. Accoridng to the pasage, the mystecetes can be differentiated from odontocetes by(A) the presence of teeth(B) The presence of baleen(C) a mammalian background(D) large body size45. Which of the following is NOT consumed by mystecetes whales?(A) Krill(B) Copepods(C) Sardines(D) Squids46. It line 8, the word "esophagus" is closest in meaning to(A) baleen(B)teeth(C)throat(D) brain47. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a food source for odontocetes?(A) Squids(B) Sharks(C) Krill(D) Octopus48. How frequently od the odontocetes need to migrate in search of food?(A) Once a year(B) As the seasons chane(C) Every month(D) Occasionally49. Accoridng to the author, what helps explain mystecetes relatively undeveloped communication?(A) They have large nutritional requirements.(B) They do not need to hunt for food.(C) they are too large.(D) Their esophagus is too small.50. Which of the following is a similarity between the mystecetes and the odontocetes?(A) Sources of nutrition(B) Communicative abilities(C) Group behavior(D) Mammalian backgroundTHIS IS THE END OF SECTION 3IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON SECTION 3 ONLY.DO NOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST.托福模拟试题（二）2 相关内容:。
2020中石油托福考试模拟题
2020中石油托福考试模拟题题目一：托福阅读托福考试是世界上最具权威性的英语水平考试之一，被广泛认可和采用。
在2020年的中石油托福考试模拟题中，阅读部分将是考试的重要组成部分。
本文将针对2020中石油托福考试模拟题中的阅读部分进行解析和探讨。
首先，让我们来看一道典型的托福阅读题目：Passage 1: Fossils in Greenland。
这道题目要求考生们通过阅读一篇关于格陵兰岛化石的文章，并回答相关问题。
阅读材料将围绕格陵兰岛的地质构造、化石种类和形成时间等方面展开。
在解答问题之前，我们应该先通读全文，掌握阅读材料的大意和主要内容。
接下来，我们需要开展逐题分析。
每道题目都有其特定的要求和难点，我们需要抓住关键词，理清答题思路。
例如，题目一要求我们判断下列哪个选项正确地描述了格陵兰岛地质构造的变化。
我们可以通过定位关键词，并结合文中相关段落，找到正确答案。
此外，托福阅读还会考察考生们的词汇理解能力，对于一些生词和专业术语的掌握是必要的。
在遇到生词时，我们可以通过上下文来猜测其意思，或者借助词根词缀的知识进行推测。
除了阅读理解之外，本次托福模拟考试还设置了一些其他类型的阅读题目，例如配对题、细节理解题等。
针对这些题型的答题要求，我们需要加强对文章细节的理解，通过逐行阅读和标注关键信息的方式来提高答题准确率。
在备考过程中，没有捷径可走，唯有多加练习。
阅读大量的英语文章，并进行适当的阅读速度和理解力的训练，可以提高自己的阅读水平和应对考试的能力。
在结尾处，我们总结了本文讨论的重点。
在2020中石油托福考试模拟题中，阅读部分的复杂性不容小觑。
掌握阅读技巧、扩充词汇量、培养快速阅读能力，都是提高阅读成绩的关键。
希望本文提供的解析和建议能够对考生备考托福阅读部分有所帮助。
题目二：托福听力托福考试中的听力部分是每位考生需要关注和重视的重要环节。
2020中石油托福考试模拟题中的听力部分涵盖了不同场景和话题，要求考生们能够快速听懂并准确理解听力材料的内容。
TOEFL模拟测试题1-2
TOEFL模拟测试题1-2TOEFL模拟测试题（1-2）READING COMPREHENSIONAs many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe -- sun-baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes lookedremarkably like modem apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quartersfor perhaps thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and other goods. Thesebuildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defenseagainst enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must haverealized since they called them "pueblos", which is Spanish for town.The people or the pueblos raised what are called "the three sisters" -- corn, beans, andsquash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they couldhold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi andZuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Waterwas so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborateceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.The way of life of less-settled groups was simpler and morestrongly influenced by nature.Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands betweenthe Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animalssuch as rabbits and snakes.In the Far North the ancestors of today s Inuit hunted seals, walruses,and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocksof packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou.The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on thegrasslands between the rocky mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted biso。
托福考试备考材料
托福考试备考材料提纲：一、介绍托福考试二、听力备考材料1. 托福听力机经2. 托福听力教材3. 听力模拟练习题三、阅读备考材料1. 托福阅读机经2. 托福阅读教材3. 阅读模拟练习题四、口语备考材料1. 托福口语机经2. 托福口语教材3. 口语模拟练习题五、写作备考材料1. 托福写作机经2. 托福写作教材3. 写作模拟练习题六、综合备考材料1. 托福综合模考2. 托福综合教材3. 模拟综合练习题七、总结一、介绍托福考试托福(Test of English as a Foreign Language)是用于评估非英语为母语的学生英语能力的考试系统。
它广泛被全球各大学和学术机构作为准入条件之一。
托福考试主要分为四个模块：听力、阅读、口语和写作。
备考阶段需要准备相应的材料来提高各个模块的能力。
二、听力备考材料1. 托福听力机经托福听力机经是备考过程中必备的资料。
机经包括历年来的真题和预测题目，通过熟悉机经中的题目，可以提高对托福听力考试题型的理解和应对能力。
2. 托福听力教材除了机经之外，备考托福听力还需要使用专门的听力教材。
教材可以帮助学生提高听力技巧和词汇量，同时也包含了一些练习题和答案解析。
3. 听力模拟练习题在备考过程中，模拟练习题也非常重要。
通过模拟练习可以了解自己在真实考试环境下的表现，并及时纠正自己的不足之处，提高应答效率和准确性。
三、阅读备考材料1. 托福阅读机经托福阅读机经是备考阅读模块的重要辅助资料。
通过阅读机经中的文章和题目，可以熟悉托福阅读的题型和考点，提高解题速度和准确性。
2. 托福阅读教材备考阅读模块时，可以选择一些专门的托福阅读教材来提高阅读理解能力。
这些教材通常包含了一些技巧和策略，有助于学生更好地掌握阅读技巧。
3. 阅读模拟练习题类似于听力模拟练习题，阅读模拟练习题也是备考过程中必不可少的一部分。
通过大量的练习，可以提高阅读速度和理解能力，增加答题的准确性。
四、口语备考材料1. 托福口语机经托福口语机经是备考口语模块的重要参考资料。
中石油内部模拟托福考试学习材料-2
阅读1. What is the main reason that people developedmethods of refrigeration?○A They wanted to improve the flavor and nutritional value of food.○B They needed to slow the natural processes that cause food to spoil.○C They needed a use for the ice that formed on lakes and rivers.○D They wanted to expand the production of certain industries.2. The word perishable in paragraph 1 is closestin meaning to○A capable of spoiling○B uncooked○C of animal origin○D highly nutritious3. What can be inferred from paragraph 1 aboutcold storage before the invention of artificialrefrigeration?○A It kept food cold for only about a week.○B It was dependent on a source of ice or snow.○C It required a container made of metal or wood.○D It was not a safe method of preserving meat.4. Artificial refrigeration involves all of thefollowing processes EXCEPT○A the pumping of water vapor through a pipe○B the rapid expansion of certain gases○C the evaporation of a volatile liquid○D the transfer of heat from one place to another5. Which sentence below best expresses theessential information in the highlightedsentence in paragraph 2? Incorrect choiceschange the meaning in important ways or leaveout essential information.○A It takes a lot of energy to transform a liquid into a vapor, especially when thevapor loses heat.○B Some gases expand rapidly and give offenergy when they encounter a very coldTHE DEVELOPMENT OFREFRIGERATIONCold storage, or refrigeration, is keeping food at temperatures between 32 and 45 degrees F in order to delay the growth of microorganisms—bacteria, molds, and veast—that cause food to spoil. Refrigeration produces few changes in food, so meats, fish, eggs, milk, fruits, and vegetables keep their original flavor, color, and nutrition. Before artificial refrigeration was invented, people stored perishable food with ice or snow to lengthen its storage time. Preserving food by keeping it in an ice—filled pit is a 4,000-year-old art. Cold storage areas were built in basements, cellars, or caves, lined with wood or straw, and packed with ice. The ice was transported from mountains, or harvested from local lakes or rivers, and delivered in large blocks to homes and businesses.Artificial refrigeration is the process of removing heat from a substance, container, or enclosed area, to lower its temperature. The heat is moved from the inside of the container to the outside. A refrigerator uses the evaporation of a volatile liquid, or refrigerant, to absorb heat. In most types of refrigerators, the refrigerant is compressed, pumped through a pipe, and allowed to vaporize. As the liquid turns to vapor, it loses heat and gets colder because the molecules of vapor use energy to leave the liquid. The molecules left behind have less energy and so the liquid becomes colder. Thus, the air inside the refrigerator is chilled.Scientists and inventors from around the world developed artificial refrigeration during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. William Cullen demonstrated artificial refrigeration in Scotland in l748, when he let ethyl ether boil into a partial vacuum. In l805, American inventor Oliver Evans designed the first refrigeration machine that used vapor instead of liquid. In l842, physician John Gorrie used Evans’s design to create an air-cooling apparatus to treat yellow—fever patients in a Floridahospital. Gorrie later left his medical practice andliquid.○C When kinetic energy is changed to heat energy, liquid molecules turn into vapormolecules.○D During evaporation, the vapor molecules use energy, and the liquidbecomes colder.6. According to the passage, who was the firstperson to use artificial refrigeration for apractical purpose?○A William Cullen○B Oliver Evans○C John Gorrie○D Adolphus Busch7. The word it in paragraph 3 refers to○A printer○B refrigerator○C type○D ether8. Why does the author discuss the brewingindustry in paragraph 4?○A To compare cave storage with mechanical refrigeration○B To describe the unique problems that brewers faced○C To praise the accomplishments of a prominent brewer○D To show how refrigeration changed a whole industry9. The word constrained in paragraph 4 is closestin meaning to○A restricted○B spoiled○C improved○D alternated10. According to the passage, the first refrigeratedrailcar used what material as a cooling agent?○A Ether○B Ice○C Ammonia○D CFCs11. The word toxic in paragraph 5 is closest inmeaning to experimented with ice making, and in l85l he was granted the first U.S. patent for mechanical refrigeration. In the same year, an Australian printer, James Harrison, built an ether refrigerator after noticing that when he cleaned his type with ether it became very cold as the ether evaporated. Five years later, Harrison introduced vapor-compression refrigeration to the brewing and meatpacking industries.Brewing was the first industry in the United States to use mechanical refrigeration extensively, and in the 1 870s, commercial refrigeration was primarily directed at breweries. German-born Adolphus Busch was the first to use artificial refrigeration at his brewery in St. Louis. Before refrigeration, brewers stored their beer in caves, and production was constrained by the amount of available cave space. Brewing was strictly a local business, since beer was highly perishable and shipping it any distance would result in spoilage. Busch solved the storage problem with the commercial vapor-compression refrigerator. He solved he shipping problem with the newly invented refrigerated railcar, which was insulated with ice bunkers in each end. Air came in on the top, passed through the bunkers, and circulated through the car by gravity. In solving Busch’s spoilage and storage problems, refrigeration also revolutionized an entire industry. By 1891, nearly every brewery was equipped with mechanical refrigerating machines.The refrigerators of today rely on the same basic principle of cooling caused by the rapid evaporation and expansion of gases. Until l929, refrigerators used toxic gases—ammonia, methyl chloride, and sulfur dioxide—as refrigerants. After those gases accidentally killed several people, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) became the standard refrigerant. However, they were found to be harmful to the earth’s ozone layer, so refrigerators now use a refrigerant called HF134a, which is less harmful to the ozone.○A dense○B poisonous○C rare○D expensivepassage. Where would the sentence best fit?Gorrie’s basic principle of compressing a gas, and then sending it through radiating coils to cool it, is the one most often used in refrigerators today.Scientists and inventors from around the world developed artificial refrigeration during the eighteenth andethyl ether boil into a partial vacuum. In 1805, American inventor Oliver Evans designed the first refrigeration’s design to create anair-cooling apparatus to treat yellow-fever patients in a Florida hospital.Gorrie later left his medicalpractice and experimented with ice making, and in 1851 he was granted the first U.S. patent for mechanicalIn the same year, an Australian printer, James Harrison, built an ether refrigerator after noticing that when he cleaned his type with ether it became very cold as the ether evaporated. Five years later, Harrison introduced vapor—compression refrigeration to the brewing and meatpacking industries.13—14. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Answer Choiees○A A refrigerator has an evaporator that makes the inside of the refrigerator cold.○B People used to preserve food by packing it with ice or snow in cold storage areas.○C Artificial refrigeration Was made possible by the compression and evaporation of avolatile substance.○D William Cullen developed a method ofartificial refrigeration in 1748.○E Practical uses of vapor-compression refrigeration were introduced in thenineteenth century.○F CFCs have not been used as refrigerants since they were found to damage the earth’sozone layer.15. According to the passage, how did CanadianEnglish become a distinct variety of NorthAmerican English? ○A Linguists noticed that Canadians spoke a unique dialect.○B A large group of Loyalists settled in oneregion at the same time.○C Growth of the middle class led to a standard school curriculum.○D Canadians declared their language to be different from U.S. English.16. The word norms in paragraph 1 is closest inmeaning to○A patterns○B history○C words○D ideas17. The phrase a great deal in common with inparagraph 2 is closest in meaning to○A different words for○B the same problems as○C many similarities to○D easier pronunciation than18. In paragraph 2, what point does the author makeabout Canadian English?○A Canadian English is more similar to American than to British English.○B American and British visitors define Canadian English by their own norms.○C Canadian English has many words that are not in other varieties of English.○D Canadians speak English with an accent that Americans cannot understand.19. The phrase the two varieties in paragraph 3refers to○A People who live outside North American○B Canadian English and American English○C General Canadian and North American○D British English and Canadian English 20. The word spot in paragraph 3 is closest inmeaning to○A describe○B ignore○C preferCANADIAN ENGLISHCanadian English is a regional variety of North American English that spans almost the entire continent. Canadian English became a separate variety of North American English after the American Revolution, when thousands of Loyalists, people who had supported the British, left the United States and fled north to Canada. Many Loyalists settled in southern Ontario in the l780s, and their speech became the basis for what is called General Canadian, a definition based on the norms of urban middle-class speech.Modern Canadian English is usually defined by the ways in which it resembles and differs from American or British English. Canadian English has a great deal in common with the English spoken in the United States, yet many Americans identify a Canadian accent as British. Many American visitors to Canada think the Canadian vocabulary sounds British—for example, they notice the British “tap”and “braces”instead of the American “faucet”and “suspenders.” On the other hand, many British people identify a Canadian accent as American, and British visitors think the Canadians have become Americanized, saying “gas”and “truck”for “petrol”and “lorry.”People who live outside North America often find it difficult to hear the differences between Canadian and American English. There are many similarities between the two varieties, yet they are far from identical. Canadian English is instantly recognizable to other Canadians, and one Canadian in a crowded room will easily spot the other Canadian among the North Americans.There is no distinctive Canadian grammar. The differences are mainly in pronunciation, vocabulary, and idioms. Canadian pronunciation reflects the experience of a people struggling for national identity against two strong influcaces. About 75 percent of Canadians use the British “zed”rather than the American “zee” for the name of the last letter of the alphabet. On the other hand, 75 percent of Canadians use the American pronunciation of “schedule,”○D find21. Which sentence below best expresses theessential information in the highlighted sentencein paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change themeaning in important ways or leave outessential information.○A Canadian English has been strongly influenced by both British and AmericanEnglish.○B Canada is the only nation where people can deliberately choose whichpronunciation they prefer.○C Canadians have tried to distinguish themselves as a nation, and this effort isshown in their pronunciation.○D Many newcomers to Canada must work hard to master the national style ofpronouncing English.22. All of the following words originated in NorthAmerican Indian languages EXCEPT○A kerosene○B parka○C Canada○D kayak23. Which of the following can be inferred fromparagraph 5 about vocabulary?○A Vocabulary is the most distinctive feature of Canadian English.○B World Standard English has a very large vocabulary.○C Canadians use more Noth American Indian words than Americans do.○D Much of the vocabulary for ice hockey originated in Canada.24. The author discusses the expression “eh”inparagraph 6 as an example of○A an idiom that uniquely characterizes Canadian speech○B an expression that few people outside Canada have heard○C a style of Canadian drama and literature○D a word that cannot be translated into other languages“tomato,”and “missile.”The most obvious and distinctive feature of Canadian speech is probably its vowel sound, the diphthong“ou.” In Canada, “out” is pronounced like “oat”in nearby U.S. accents. There are other identifying features of Canadian vowels；for example, “cot”is pronounced the same as “caught”and “collar”, the same as “caller.”An important characteristic of the vocabulary of Canadian English is the use of many words and phrases originating in Canada itself, such as “kerosene” and “chesterfield” (“sofa”). Several words are borrowed from North American Indian languages, for example, “kayak,”“caribou,”“parka,”and “skookum” (“strong”). The name of the country itself has an Indian origin；the Iroquois word “kanata”originally meant “village.” A number of terms for ice hockey—“face-off,”“blue-line,”and “puck”—have become part of World Standard English.Some features of Canadian English seem to be unique and are often deliberately identified with Canadian speakers in such contexts as dramatic and literary characterizations. Among the original Canadian idioms, perhaps the most famous is the almost universal use of “eh?” as a tag question, as in “That’s a good movie, eh?”“Eh”is also used as a filler during a narrative, as in “I’m walking home from work, eh, and I’m thinking about dinner. I finally get home, eh, and the refrigerator is empty.”The traditional view holds that there are no dialects in Canadian English and that Canadians cannot tell where other Canadians are from just by listening to them. The linguists of today disagree with this view. While there is a greater degree of homogeneity in Canadian English compared with American English, several dialect areas do exist across Canada. Linguists have identified distinct dialects for the Maritime Provinces, Newfoundland, the Ottawa Valley,southern Ontario, the Prairie Provinces, the Arctic North, and the West. Glossary：diphthong：a speech sound that begins with one vowel and changes to another vowel25. The word homogeneity in paragraph 7 is closestin meaning to○A accent○B change○C creativity○D sameness。
托福(综合)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
托福（综合）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Structure & Written Expression 3. Reading Comprehension 4. SPEAKINGSection One：Listening Comprehension听力原文：Questions 1 through 3. Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.W: Professor Wilson, can I ask you something?M: Sure.W: What I’d like to do for my survey project is interview three people. Would that be OK? Because in class you said a survey is usually done with a large number of people.M: That’s right, it is. But tell me about your idea.W: My idea is to interview three people in my host family. There’s a grandmother who has a lot of opinions—oh, about everything. I want to compare what she says with what the mother says, and also the fourteen-year-old daughter. Would that be all right? M: It’s a start, but what would your focus be? You said the grandmother has opinions about everything—opinions about what?W: It’s a philosophy of life, I guess.M: Here’s my suggestion. Why don’t you prepare a list of questions—maybe five, six—no more than ten possible ideas for your interviews. When you’ve done that, show me the list, and we’ll go from there.W: All right. I’ll work on it tonight. Thanks for the advice.M: You’re welcome.1. Why does the student speak to her professor?2. What is the student’s idea for her project?3. What does the professor suggest the student do?1．Why does the student speak to her professor?A．She wants to know his philosophy of life.B．She needs advice about an assignment.C．She has a problem with her grandmother.D．She needs more time to finish her project.正确答案：B解析：The student needs advice about an assignment. She says What I’d like to do for my survey project is interview three people. Would that be OK? 知识模块：听力2．What is the student’s idea for her project?A．A survey of grandmothersB．A handbook for host familiesC．A story about a fourteen-year-old girlD．A comparison of opinions正确答案：D解析：The student would like to do a comparison of opinions. She says My idea is to interview three people...; ...a grandmother who has a lot of opinions...; I want tocompare what she says with what the mother says, and also the fourteen-year-old daughter. 知识模块：听力3．What does the professor suggest the student do?A．Prepare a list of possible questionsB．Choose a more interesting topicC．Express her opinion more clearlyD．Interview at least ten people正确答案：A解析：The student should prepare a list of possible questions. The professor says Here’s my suggestion. Why don’t you prepare a list of questions—maybe five, six—no more than ten possible ideas for your interviews. 知识模块：听力听力原文：Questions 4 through 8. Listen to part of a lecture in an anthropology class.Research on the play of young children has revealed that children have a culture of their own. Where do we find this culture? We find it in the sandbox and at the daycare center. We find it in the schoolyard. We find it wherever two or more children are together and reveal their private code of rules in their play.Games and play are the realities of child culture. At the age of three, children are initiated into the secrets of child culture. Younger children eagerly pick up the rules of play from older children. Older children are the leaders of play activities because, of course, older children are experienced players. At age three, the ability to learn is enormous. There are so many skills to be mastered, including body language, spoken language, humor, songs, and so on. All of these are like keys that open the door to the fellowship of child culture. It’s a culture preserved in an oral tradition of songs and rhymes.In preschool, children are extremely active. They have good control of their bodies, and they enjoy activity for its own sake. They love opportunities to run, climb, and jump. The play of preschool children has a broad range. Traditional games like hopscotch and ring around the rosy are an important part of their play. Just as important, however, are the open games, which are mostly created by the children themselves. These open games can be changed at will—kind of like improvisation on a theme.In primary school, children are extreme in their physical activities and tend to express their emotions freely. Around the age of five, children start caring about the rules, and the games of five-year-olds tend to be more structured than the games of preschool children. Games are spontaneous and creative, but they also contain the rules, norms, and values of the group. At age six or seven, children like organized games in small groups, but they can be overly concerned with rules, or get carried away by team spirit. There are frequent quarrels, and many children indulge in punching, shoving, and wrestling.4. What is the main idea of the lecture?5. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. “At the age of three, children are initiated into the secrets of child culture. Younger children eagerly pick up the rules of play from older children. Older children are the leaders of play activities because, of course, older children are experienced players.”What does the professor imply about child culture?6. Why doesthe professor say this:”There are so many skills to be mastered, including body language, spoken language, humor, songs, and so on. All of these are like keys that open the door to the fellowship of child culture.”7. What characterizes the play of preschool children?8. How are the games of older children different from those of younger children?4．What is the main idea of the lecture?A．Young children have the ability to learn quickly.B．It is important for children to play every day.C．Children have a culture in which play is central.D．The best games for children have clear rules.正确答案：C解析：The main idea of the lecture is that children have a culture in which play is central. The professor says Research on the play of young children has revealed that children have a culture of their own; We find it wherever two or more children are together and reveal their private code of rules in their play. Most of the lecture discusses the role of play in child culture. 知识模块：听力5．Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. What does the professor imply about child culture?A．Parents should tell children that child culture has rules.B．Child culture involves the ability to keep a secret.C．Children learn child culture from other children.D．Older children often treat younger children unfairly.正确答案：C解析：The professor implies that children learn child culture from other children. The professor says Younger children eagerly pick up the rules of play from older children. 知识模块：听力6．Why does the professor say this:A．To list important elements of child cultureB．To compare various types of communicationC．To explain why children need good teachersD．To describe a typical preschool curriculum正确答案：A解析：The professor’s purpose is to list important elements of child culture: body language, spoken language, humor, songs.... 知识模块：听力7．What characterizes the play of preschool children? Choose two answersA．Physical activityB．Team sportsC．Strict rulesD．Open games正确答案：A, D解析：Physical activity characterizes the play of preschool children: In preschool, children are extremely active. They have good control of their bodies, and they enjoy activity for its own sake. Also, open games characterize their play: Just as important, however, are the open games, which are mostly created by the children themselves. These open games can be changed at will—kind of like improvisation on a theme. 知识模块：听力8．How are the games of older children different from those of younger children?A．They are more difficult to play.B．They are the creation of teachers.C．They are played on the computer.D．They are more structured by rules.正确答案：D解析：The games are more structured by rules. The professor says Around the age of five, children start caring about the rides, and the games of five-year-olds tend to be more structured than the games of preschool children; At age six or seven, children like organized games in small groups, but they can be overly concerned with rules.... 知识模块：听力Sections Two：Structure & Written Expression9．Rosa Bonheur Ashe lived in Paris and was Bone of the most popular Cartists of her Dday.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Omit she, an incorrect duplicate subject. The subject is Rosa Bonheur. 知识模块：语法10．AHow the diesel Bengine is similar to the gasoline engine, but Cit runs on a heavier grade of Dfuel.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Omit how, a subordinator, which is incorrect at the beginning of an independent clause. 知识模块：语法11．Bayberries, small Atrees or shrubs with leathery leaves, Bthey have berries that produce a Cwax used in making Dcandles.A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：Omit they, an incorrect duplicate subject. The subject is bayberries. 知识模块：语法12．ABecause an elementary school girl who is proud of her athletic Bability may face an Cadjustment by the time Dshe enters high school.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Omit because, a subordinator, which is incorrect at the beginning of an independent clause. 知识模块：语法13．The digital Acamera, which has computer abilities, Bit does not need Cfilm but records onto computer Dmemory.A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：Omit it, an incorrect duplicate subject. The subject is the digital camera. 知识模块：语法14．In addition to Apain on swallowing, Bwith a sore throat may be associated with Cfever, headache, and a stuffy Dnose.A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：Omit with, a preposition, which is incorrect before the subject, a sore throat. 知识模块：语法15．The Puerto Rican Acommunity in the United States is a young and growing Bpopulation, and Puerto Ricans Cthey are becoming more politically Dactive.A．B．C．D．正确答案：C解析：Omit they, an incorrect duplicate subject. The subject of the second clause is Puerto Ricans. 知识模块：语法16．Ichthyology, Ais a branch of zoology dealing with fish, has made important Bdiscoveries about the Ceffects of pollution on the world’s fish Dresources.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Omit is, a verb, which is incorrect before a noun structure that is an appositive. 知识模块：语法17．It was Aby the failure of the stock Bmarket in COctober 1929 that led to the Great Depression of the D1930s.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Omit by, a preposition, which is incorrect before the true subject, the failure. 知识模块：语法18．Although heat, water, or pressure Athey can affect the Bformation of a crystal, its Cstructure will fall into Done of seven groups.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Omit they, an incorrect duplicate subject. The subject of the first clause is heat, water, or pressure. 知识模块：语法19．Ocean currents are responsible for______around the planet Earth.A．to move the waterB．the movement of waterC．the water is movingD．have moved water正确答案：B解析：The noun phrase the movement of water is the object of the preposition for. 知识模块：语法20．Because it decomposes violently when disturbed, ______must be handled cautiously.A．nitroglycerinB．it’s nitroglycerinC．for nitroglycerinD．nitroglycerin, it正确答案：A解析：The noun nitroglycerin is the subject of the main clause. 知识模块：语法21．Harvard,______in North America, was founded in 1636.A．was the first collegeB．it was the first collegeC．the first college wasD．the first college正确答案：D解析：The appositive the first college identifies Harvard. 知识模块：语法22．Water plants provide food for many animals, and______also supply oxygen to the water.A．what theyB．do theyC．theyD．they are正确答案：C解析：The pronoun they is the subject of the second clause. 知识模块：语法23．Of all the senses, it is______that triggers the strongest memories and emotions.A．the sense is to smellB．by the sense of smellC．the sense of smellD．how the sense of smell正确答案：C解析：The noun phrase the sense of smell is the true subject of the sentence; it is the false subject. 知识模块：语法24．Allergic reaction to bee venom can be life threatening, so there are______for avoiding bee stings.A．precautions that severalB．several precautions areC．for several precautionsD．several precautions正确答案：D解析：The noun phrase several precautions is the true subject of the second clause; there is the false subject. 知识模块：语法25．Coal is classified as a fossil fuel because______ is made from compressed plant fossils.A．itB．of itsC．is coalD．coal it正确答案：A解析：The pronoun it is the subject of the second clause. 知识模块：语法26．In order to sustain a snowfall, there must be ______to feed the growing ice crystals.A．a constant inflow of moisture isB．of a constant inflow of moistureC．a constant inflow of moistureD．moisture constantly flows in正确答案：C解析：The noun phrase a constant inflow of moisture is the true subject of the second clause; there is the false subject. 知识模块：语法27．_____, Edgar Allan Poe became known as the father of the modern detective story.A．The son of actors wasB．He was the son of actorsC．The son of actorsD．Acted as the son of正确答案：C解析：The appositive the son of actors describes Edgar Allan Poe. 知识模块：语法28．While it is difficult for some people to change unhealthy habits, there are______for exercising frequently and eating fewer fatty foods.A．an excellent reasonB．excellent reasonsC．reasons are excellentD．because excellent reasons正确答案：B解析：The noun phrase excellent reasons is the true subject of the second clause; there is the false subject. 知识模块：语法Sections Three：Reading Comprehension1 Dementia, a general decrease in intellectual abilities, involves impairment of memory, judgment, and social functioning. The two most frequent causes of dementia are Alzheimer’s disease and multiple small strokes, but it can also be caused by depression, drug intoxication, alcohol abuse, head trauma, and advanced stages of AIDS.2 Studies from China, Japan, Sweden, Italy, and the United States suggest that between3 and 6 percent of all adults over age 65 show significant signs of dementia. The researchers concluded that as many as 47 percent of all adults 85 and older suffer from some level of dementia, and medical experts generally agree that the rate of dementia is highest in adults over 85.3 The cause of approximately half of all cases of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease involves specific processes in the brain, most prominently a kind of tangling of the fibers in the nerve cell bodies. This tangling, which contributes to a major loss of synapses, occurs mostly in the areas of the brain that regulate new learning and memory. While all aging adults appear to have some such tangling, those that show symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease have far more. This tangling short-circuits many of the brain pathways, interfering with the person’s ability to remember even well-learned skills, such as driving a car and using a fork.29．The word impairment in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA．partB．growthC．studyD．loss正确答案：D解析：Impairment means loss in this context. Clue: ...a general decrease in intellectual abilities.... 知识模块：阅读30．The passage lists all of the following as causes of dementia EXCEPTA．depressionB．heart attackC．AIDSD．alcohol abuse正确答案：B解析：The passage does not list heart attack as a cause of dementia. All of the other answers are given: ...it can also be caused by depression,...alcohol abuse,... and advanced stages of AIDS. 知识模块：阅读31．What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?A．To list the symptoms of dementiaB．To give rates of dementia in older adultsC．To define the various types of dementiaD．To explain how dementia progresses正确答案：B解析：The purpose of the paragraph is to give rates of dementia in older adults. Clues: ...between 3 and 6 percent of all adults over age 65...; ...as many as 47 percent of all adults 85 and older... the rate of dementia is highest in adults over 85. 知识模块：阅读32．The author mainly explains Alzheimer’s disease as the result ofA．tangling of the fibers in brain cellsB．multiple small strokes or head traumaC．a major loss in sensory functionD．changes that are a normal part of aging正确答案：A解析：The author mainly explains Alzheimer’s disease as the result of tangling of the fibers in brain cells. Clue: ...Alzheimer’s disease involves specific processes in the brain, most prominently a kind of tangling of the fibers in the nerve cell bodies. 知识模块：阅读33．What does the author say about tangling?A．It involves a decrease in a certain protein in brain cells.B．It affects areas of the brain that control memory.C．It is less evident in people with Alzheimer’s disease.D．It has been a subject of controversy among researchers.正确答案：B解析：Tangling affects areas of the brain that control memory. Clue: This tangling...occurs mostly in the areas of the brain that regulate new learning and memory. 知识模块：阅读34．Why does the author mention driving a car and using a fork in paragraph 3?A．To argue that older adults can not learn new skillsB．To point out tasks that most people perform every dayC．To give examples of skills affected by Alzheimer’s diseaseD．To suggest exercises for people with Alzheimer’s disease正确答案：C解析：The author’s purpose is to give examples of skills affected by Alzheimer’s disease. Clues: ...those that show symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease...; ... interfering with the person’s ability to remember even well-learned skills, such as.... 知识模块：阅读35．1 The jazz that was popular during the 1930s and 1940s was known as “big band” or “swing.” A big band, or jazz orchestra, consisted of approximately 12 to 25 musicians and contained saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. The music was highly arranged: prepared in advance and written on charts. Occasionally the arranger called for an improvised solo, a short piece of music created spontaneously by one of the players. In many bands, the arranger was also the bandleader.2 Big band jazz was first and foremost dance music. The earliest bands played music characterized by a sweet and romantic melody, suitable for dancing. Later, the music acquired a “swing beat,”a style of playing with a strong, driving rhythm. The “hot” rhythms of bandleaders such as Benny Goodman and Count Basie became the dominant form of popular music after 1935. From this joyous, swinging music came the energetic style of dancing called “jitterbug.”3 However, many younger jazz players felt that swing jazz was the music of an older generation and did not express their experiences. The younger musicians wanted jazz to progress. Thus, the style of jazz known as “bebop” arose. Bebop)—later called simply “bop”—was a revolt against big bands and arrangements. A typical band consisted of five instruments: saxophone, trumpet, bass, drums, and piano. The “bopsters” rejected the traditional dance beat because they felt it prevented the free-flowing, improvisational expression of ideas. They viewed jazz not as dance music but as a form of art.4 The musician who brought bop to the attention of the public was trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie. In the late thirties and early forties, while playing with the major jazz orchestras of the time, Gillespie experimented with new forms. He and a few friends worked out the ideas that were to become the essence of bop: fast tempos and improvisation based on harmonic structure rather than melody. In 1945 Dizzy Gillespie formed his own band and started collaborating with saxophonist Charlie Parker. The band made a number of first-rate records, including “Salt Peanuts”and “Hot House.”Gillespie’s popularity with jazz fans led to the gradual acceptance of bebop as an art form distinct from the jazz of the dance hall.7. Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the form of jazz that they characterize. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used.Answer Choices(A) A band with five musicians (B) A strong, driving dance rhythm (C) Emphasis on harmonic structure (D) A slow melody (E) Musical arrangements on charts (F) A steady beat for marching (G) Jazz as a form of art正确答案：BEACG解析：B Big Band: A strong, driving dance rhythm: Big band jazz was first and foremost dance music; ...a style of playing with a strong, driving rhythm. E Big Band:Musical arrangements on charts: ...highly arranged: prepared in advance and written on charts. A Bebop: A band with five musicians: A typical band consisted of five instruments.... C Bebop: Emphasis on harmonic structure: ...based on harmonic structure rather than melody. G Bebop: Jazz as a form of art:... viewed jazz not as dance music but as a form of art; ...bebop as an art form....Answers (D) and (F) characterize neither big band nor bebop. 知识模块：阅读SPEAKINGSpeaking QuestionDirections: In this question, you will listen to a conversation. You will then be asked to talk about the information in the conversation and to give your opinion about the ideas presented. After you hear the question, you will have 20 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.听力原文：Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Birds have many physical features that contribute to their flying ability. Wings are important, but so are adjustable tails, strong muscles, large hearts, and light bones.A bird’s wings are designed so air above the wing is forced to move faster than air below the wing. This creates higher pressure under the wings, called lift, which pushes the bird up. Different wing types evolved for different ways of flying. Birds that fly long distances need long wings and the ability to soar. Other birds need superior maneuverability. Fast birds, like hawks and falcons, have wings with built-in spoilers that reduce turbulence during a speedy flight.A bird’s tail acts like a rudder to help the bird steer. Birds brake by spreading out their tails as they land. This adjustment allows them to make sudden, controlled stops—an essential skill, since most birds need to land on tree branches, or on the prey that will be their dinner.Flapping the wings to take off requires muscle strength, and strong muscles need oxygen. Birds have large, specialized hearts that beat much faster than the human heart and provide the necessary oxygen to the breast muscles. A bird’s breast muscle accounts for 15 percent of its body weight. On some birds, such as pigeons, the breast muscle accounts for one-third of their total body weight.Birds carry no excess baggage. They have hollow feathers and hollow bones. The bones have struts inside them, like the crossbeams in a bridge, which gives them strength without adding much ing points and examples from the lecture, explain how a bird’s physical features contribute to its ability to fly.36．TOEFL iBT Speaking. In this integrated speaking task, you will listen to part of a lecture. You will then be asked to summarize important information from the lecture.Cover the question while the lecture is playing. You may take notes, and you may use your notes to help you answer the question. After you hear the question, you may look at the question and prepare your response. You have 20 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to ing points and examples from the lecture, explain how a bird’s physical features contribute to its ability to fly.StopPreparation Time - 20 seconds Response Time - 60 seconds正确答案：- A bird’s wing design provides lift, which pushes the bird up. Different wing types provide the ability to soar, the ability to maneuver, and reduced turbulence during flight.- A bird’s tail helps the bird to steer. The tail allows the bird to brake as it lands and to make sudden stops.- A bird’s strong muscles allow it to flap its wings to take off.- A bird’s large heart beats fast and provides oxygen to the breast muscles.- A bird’s feathers and bones are hollow, which makes them light. The bones have struts, which adds strength without much weight. 涉及知识点：口语。
TOEFL模拟试题（2）（1）2
16. Although Christopher Columbus failed in his (A) original goal, the discoveries(B) hedid make were as(C) Important than the route to Asia he expected(D) to find.17. Martha Graham, a (A)leading figure in modern dance, made she(B) debut in (C)1920 with(D) the Denishawn School.18. In the United States, the federal government (A) is responsible to(B) regulating the working conditions(C) in factories(D).19. Jupiter is(A) a gaseous planet with(B) an atmosphere composed most(C) of hydrogen and(D) helium.20. Throughout her career(A) Georgia O’Keeffe paid(B) meticulous attention to her craft;her brushes were always(C) clean, her colors fresh and brightness(D).21. Hydrogen the nine (A) most abundant element in the Earth’s crust(B), is an(C) odorless, colorless, and tasteless(D) gas.22. Salamanders are frequently (A) to be find(B) in moist(C), wooded(D) areas.23. Steam engines have been replaced (A) in most(B) cases by(C) more economical and efficiency(D) devices, such as the electric m16. Although Christopher Columbus failed in his (A) original goal, the discoveries(B) hedid make were as(C) Important than the route to Asia he expected(D) to find.17. Martha Graham, a (A)leading figure in modern dance, made she(B) debut in (C)1920 with(D) the Denishawn School.18. In the United States, the federal government (A) is responsible to(B) regulating the working conditions(C) in factories(D).19. Jupiter is(A) a gaseous planet with(B) an atmosphere composed most(C) of hydrogen and(D) helium.20. Throughout her career(A) Georgia O’Keeffe paid(B) meticulous attention to her craft;her brushes were always(C) clean, her colors fresh and brightness(D).21. Hydrogen the nine (A) most abundant element in the Earth’s crust(B), is an(C) odorless, colorless, and tasteless(D) gas.22. Salamanders are frequently (A) to be find(B) in moist(C), wooded(D) areas.23. Steam engines have been replaced (A) in most(B) cases by(C) more economical and efficiency(D) devices, such as the electric motor.24. Traditionally(A), the Fourth of July is celebrated(B) in the United States with political speeches, picnics, and most important of all(C), a displayed(D) of fireworks at night.25. The style of used (A) in cartoon animation range from relatively(B) realistic representations of everyday life to the most romantic and impossible fantasy(D).26. Ordinary(A) beaver dams vary(B) in length from a few feet(C) to a hundred feel ormore than(D).27. In the United State, presidential elections(A) are held(B) once every(C) four year(D).otor.24. Traditionally(A), the Fourth of July is celebrated(B) in the United States with political speeches, picnics, and most important of all(C), a displayed(D) of fireworks at night.25. The style of used (A) in cartoon animation range from relatively(B) realistic representations of everyday life to the most romantic and impossible fantasy(D).26. Ordinary(A) beaver dams vary(B) in length from a few feet(C) to a hundred feel ormore than(D).27. In the United State, presidential elections(A) are held(B) once every(C) four year(D).br>28.Except of (A) the freehand toe, the feet(B) of the(C) gull are fully(D) webbed.29. Teaching machines are devices that can store instructionally(A) information,present displays, receive(B) responses froma learner(C), and act on those(D) responses.30. Challotte Perkins Gilman Is known primarily (A) as an author of short(B) stories, but she also wrote an influential book argued(C) for equal(D) economic opportunities for women.31. In some areas(A) of the United States, unfavorable climate or(B) soil make farming(C)an impossible(D) task.32. Naturalists have identified(A) at least four hundred of species(B) of mammals andsix hundred types of birds(C) in the state of(D) California.33. Instead of tooth(A), the blue whale has a row(B) of bony plates in its(C) mouththat functions as(D) a food-collecting device.34. Murres are black-and-white driving(A) birds that mate every five or six years and lay(B) only a single(C) egg at time(D).35. A bar code consists(A) a pattern of lines(B) and bars that(C) a computer can translateinto information(D).36. Hummingbirds are(A) the only(B) birds(C) that can fly to backwards(D).37. Fluorine, a greenish-yellow gas that is slightly heavy(A) than air is poisonous(B)and corrosive and has a penetrating and disagreeable(D) odor.38. The Everglades, a large swamp area(A) is an(B) unique wilderness(C) extending over much(D) of southern Florida.39. Each year(A) millions of tons(B) of fertile topsoil that could(C) produce good crops washed(D) away by rains.40. Since the(A) 1950's, folk' music has had(B) a significant(C) influence on many(D) popular vocal and instrumental music.。
托福考试听力模拟试题2（2）
21. （a） he'll help the woman move them. （b） he'll keep them for the woman. （c） he can carry them with one hand. （d） he has a few more of them for the woman. 22. （a） he spends too much money. （b） he bought an expensive watch. （c） he really does like television. （d） he should watch more television. 23. （a） booking a flight to spain. （b） paying for private lessons. （c） giving spanish tests to students. （d） studying continually for two days. 24. （a） it was not very good. （b） it will continue the following week. （c） the woman probably won't attend it. （d） there will be two seminars instead of four. 25. （a） she doesn't understand how judy got her job. （b） she's surprised judy is working in management. （c） she thinks judy never should have taken a computer course. （d） she wonders how judy does so many things. 26. （a） get out of the car. （b） pay the parking fine. （c） take his coat off. （d） make a right turn. 27. （a） it's hard to know what to believe about it. （b） he doesn't believe it's hard for everybody. （c） it's even harder than people say. （d） it's not as hard as he'd thought. 28. （a） they were sold out. （b） they hadn't been printed. （c） they had already been picked up. （d） they weren't supposed to be sold. 29. （a） give marsha a check for the bookshelf she sold him. （b） ask marsha where she wants to put the bookshelf. （c） check for the book on marsha's shelf. （d） ask marsha if she has an extra bookshelf. 30. （a） near an art museum. （b） at a science exhibit. （c） at a news conference. （d） near a paint store.。
2021年托福模拟试题(二)1
托福模拟试题（二）1Section 2 Structure and Written Expression Time--25 minutes The Structure and Written expression section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type. Structure Directions: Questions 1-15 are inplete senten ___s. Beneath each senten ___ you will see four words or phrases, ___rked (A), (B), (C),and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best pletes the senten ___. Then, on your answer sheet, ifnd the number of the question and fill in the spa ___ that orresponds to the letter of the answer you ahve chosen Fill in the spa ___ so that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen. Look at the following examples: Example I For ___ny ___nturies---the principal raw ___terial Sample answer for ___ ropes and sails. (A) then was hemp (B) the time hemp was (C) hemp was (D) hemp The senten ___ should read, "For ___ny ___nries hemp was the principle raw ___terial for ___ ropes and sails." Therefore, you should choose (C). Example II The sea anemone, a ___rine ani ___l related to the jelly fish, Sample answer looks like a plant----like other ani ___lspecies. (A) so (B) rather than (C) instead (D) rather not The senten ___ should read, "The sea anemone, a ___rine ani ___l related to the jelly fish, looks like a plant rather than like other ani ___l species." Theerefore, you should choose (D). Nowbegin work on the questions. 1. Most substan ___s expand when they evaporate so that the density of a substan ___'s gas is---of its liquid. (A) than the lower density (B) lower than that (C) the density is lower than that (D) the lower the density 2. The pro ___ss by which nerve ___lls send signals is --- clearly understood. (A) none (B) no (C) not (D) nothing 3. Arctic ani ___ls--- a means of controlling body temperature in such a cold, barren cli ___te if they are to survive. (A) need (B) needing (C) to need (D) was needed 4. -----state of California is also known as the "Golden State" because California's hills were on ___ believed to be ___de of gold. (A) The (B) There is a (C) That the (D) As the 5. Aspartame is a bination of proteins that is much sweeter---- (A) than sugar does (B) does cane sugar (C) cane sugar (D) than cane sugar 6. Current patterns and topography___ps of the seas ---- from sa ___ite photographs. (A) can be drawn (B) can drawn (C) to draw (D) drawn 7. By themiddle of the nioeenth ___ntury, the scientists and engineers in the United States had began to exert --- over technology. (A) influen ___ worldwide a great (B) a great worldwide influen ___ (C) influen ___ a great worldwide (D) a worldwide influen ___ great 8. ----billions of barrels of oil exist in the vast caverns beneath the Pacific O ___ans (A) It is esti ___ted that (B) An esti ___te that (C) That is esti ___ted (D) That the esti ___te 9. The extent of the stimulant effect of coffee on people depends on the circumstan ___s ---- the plants grow. (A) which (B) whichin (C) in which (D) in 10. The guitar solo first ---- as a popular form of musical perfor ___n ___ in the twentieth___ntury. (A) to emerge (B) emerging (C) has emerged (D) emerged 11. --- plex organic pounds originating in ___lls.(A) Lipieds (B) Lipids are (C) Lipids which are (D) Lipids while they 12. In the western part of Nevada ----, a ___jor tourist and entertai ___ent ___nter. (A) lies the city of Las Vegas (B) the city of Las Vegas lies there (C) around the city of Las Vegas lies (D) there lies the city of Las vegas around 13. Work on superconductivity, ---, has attracted a relatively s ___ll number of researchers. (A)is a very specialized field (B) which a very specializedfield is (C) a very specialized field (D) a field very specialized which 14. ---, the fist Amendment to the Constitution provided for ___ of speech, press and assembly. (A) In 1791 they drafted (B) The draft in 1791 (C) In 1791 was drafted (D) Drafted in 1791 15. When --- in desert cli ___tes, the Navajo construct lean-tos as temporary summer shelters. (A) travel (B) to travel (C) traveling them (D) travelingWritten Expression Directios: In questions 16-40 each senten ___ has four underlined words or phrases. The four undelined parts of the senten ___ are ___rked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the senten ___ to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the spa ___ that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Looke at thefollowing examples: Example 1 Sampel Answer In ___ny cities in the world, the air is much more A B Polluted than it is in the 1970s. C D The senten ___ should read, "in ___ny cities in the world, the air is much more polluted than it was in the 1970s." there fore, you should choose (D).Example II The puter plays a vital role in development, A B munication, and disseminating of ideas in today's world. C D The senten ___ should read, "The puter plays a vital role in development, munication, and dissemination of ideas in today's world." Therefore, youshould choose (C). Now begin work on the questions. 16. For years s ___ll munities of researchers have living underground A in parts of thearctic where the cli ___te is harsh and the winds are B strong. D 17. Tho ___s Edison ___de the first microphonefor self by bining a thin A B C reed and a metal conductor together. D 18. Not only do hydroelectric power systems provide people with irrigation and drinking water, but they also provide importantly sour ___s of electrical power. 19. The Federal Communications Commission supervises the suitable and quality of radio. 20. All cars, alike most trains and a few propeller planes, depend on bustion inside a piston cylinder. 21. The expansion of ___ education___nters had resulted partially from the servi ___-based economy, which encouraging employees to update their skills for the changing job ___rket. 22. The most significant evolutionary characteristic of the pri ___tes are the development of the opposable thumb. 23. Ludwig Beethovenwas often indifferent to the titles of his posed and was generally oblivious to the names given them years after their pletion. 24. Benny Good ___n's orchestra, playing his original positions and arrangements, achieving a fine distinction among his peers and contributed numerous innovations to modern big band jazz. 25. Mosquitoes are almost pletey deaf, although its tiny ears can distinguish noise from silen ___. 26. Weed is a horticultural term referring toward unpleasant, unwanted, or intolerable plant growth. 27. susan B. Anthony, the first wo ___n to vote in the United Sates, founded the American Women't Suffrage Movement, an institution that have always had a woment's rights agenda. 28. Criminal assault, mitted against a member of the public, ___y consist of harassing behavior, threatening, or physical harm to others. 29. The realist movement in art was a reaction against abstract methods of portray reality. 30. During the 1950's skilled puter programmers scr ___ were in what is now Silicon Valley. 31. If a atom gains any electrons, it bees negatively charged and can bine with other atoms. 32. The Parks and Recreation Department conduct extensive research on a great ___ny aspects of the wilderness. 33. The ___gesic most monlyadministeed in medicine is aspirin, who produ ___s reduction of pain over a general area. 34. Certain types of pumps work properly only in enviro ___ens with controlled precisely pressures. 35. Whales, while not as curious than the dolphins, show more persisten ___ and use of munication in facing a problem. 36. The belief in goblins have existed from the earliest times, and the leends of ___ny different peoples includes tales of goblins and their relationship to hu ___ns. 37. Electronic music enables artists to experiment with ___ny sounds effects. 38. Denver,Colorado's capital and largest city, is industrial and baning ___nter. 39. A hamster's sharp teeth can chew through wood, plastic, or soft metallic such as aluminum.40. Anthropological stu ___s have concluded that deeply hold belief and principles are highly ressistant to alteration.THIS IS THE END OF SECTION 2. IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON SECTION 2 ONLY. DONOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST. THE SUPER VISOR WILL TELL YOU WHEN TO BEGIN WORK ON SECTION 3.Section 3 Reading Comprehension Directins: In the Reading Comprehension Section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions about it. For questions 1-50, you are to choose the one best answer (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the spa ___ that corresponds to the letter of answer you have chosen. Answer all questions about the infor ___tion in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage. Read the following passage: There are two genus in the elephant family. Each of the genus include a single species that developed different characteristics due to geographical isolation. One species is the African elephant and the other is a Asian elephant. The two types of elephant share a number of mon features, such as a long trunk, large ears and a ___ssive body, but there are ___ny differen ___s as well. The differen ___s between the elephants can largely be aounted for by their habitats' enviro ___ent. Example I What is the ___in purpose of the passage? (A) to discuss the two different types of elephants. (B) Tio argue the superiority of the African elephant in adapting to the enviro ___ent. (C) Todemonstrate the relative in ___igen ___ of the two types of elephant. (D) To show the similarities of elephants. The___in idea of passage is to discuss the wo different types of elephants. Thereore, you should choose (A). Example II In line 6, the term, "be aounted for` could best be repla ___d by (A) be calculated to (B) be devided (C) be determined (D) be aepted The term "be aounted for" in line 6 is closet in meaning to "be determined." Therefore, you should choose (C). Now begin work on the questions. Questions 1-10 The popularly applauded designs found in Frank Lloyd Wright's integration of architcture, landscaping and interior design, gave eviden ___ to his belief that the form of a working or living spa ___ should follow from its function within the munity. Line Whether working on residential or mercial projects, he con___ntraed on creating (5) an appropriate exterior and interior enviro ___ent. In his residentilal housing, functionality translated into a harmonious relationship with the natural flora, fauna and geographic disposition of the land. The most famous modification he implemented in his early " prairie school houses", the gently sloping roof lines that sought to capture the contours of the prairie,typified his con ___pt of harmony with the land. Other features included, wide doorways, rooms entrally connected without hallways, extensive use of glass and widely overhanging eaves which provided extensive shelter. To emphasize the integrative aspects of his construction, he tried to incorporate built-in furniture wherever possible. The Larkin Building, in Buffalo, New York, an examle of thoroughly practical factory headquarters, demonstrated that, when designing for the mercial sector, Wright's functionali ___ adapted itself to the projec at hand as eloquently as when he created single-family units. The building itself is of sufficient width to pletely con ___al the factory behind it, creating a neat, organized and efficient appearan ___. Even more notable than the exterior of the building, the interior displays Wright's i___ginative talent to the greatest degree. In order to minimize on cluttered floor spa ___, almost everything in the offi ___ was mobile, particulrly the filing cabis, which could be pletely hidden from view with a ___ push. The offi ___ desks were custom designed from solid steel with special fold-out chairs that ___de it much easier to clean the floors. A special grade of tile was used on thewalls to facilitate cleaning. The zeal which the architect devoted to integrating the building with the needs of the offi ___ enviro ___ent extended to the installation of secial steel toilets which folded into the walls until needed for use. 1. What is the ___in topic of the passage?(A) The life of Frank Lloyd Wright (B) Frank Lloyd Wright's design ideas (C) The mercial buildings of Frank Lloyd Wright (D) Frank Lloyd Wright's Prarie School buildings 2. Which of the folowing is NOT menitioned as a field wright worked in? (A) Landscaping (B) Interior design (C) Architecture (D) Painting 3. In line 3, the word "its" refers to (A) the munity (B) the function (C) the form (D) the spa ___ 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an important consideration of Wright's residential housing?(A) Plant life around the area (B) The ease of ___intean___ (C) Ani ___ls found in the area (D) The geography of the building site 5. Aording to the passage, what is the most distinctive feature of a "prarie house" design? (A) The color (B) The furniture (C) The wood (D) The roof line6. In line 9, the word "typifed" is closest in meaning to(A) enjoyed (B) exemplifed (C) terminated (D) nor ___lized7. It can be inferred that Wright designed hisown furniturefor the Larking building because (A) he couldn't find the appropriate colors (B) he could design his own for less money (C) he wanted the enviro ___ent of the building to be integrated (D) he didn't trust the quality of other furniture 8. What is the Larking Building most noted for? (A) Its steel furniture (B) Its high-grade tile (C) Its overall practicality (D) Its exterior architecture 9. In line 22, the word "mobile" most closely means? (A) Portable (B) Raised (C) sturdy (D) S ___ll 10. What qualities could probably be observed from the Larkin Building's interior design? (A) Neat and organized (B) Solid and stable (C) Extended and clean (D) Wide and effi ___nt Questions 11-20 In America, the movement of housing away from the high-rise buildings of the inner-cites originated in the 1920s, but was stalled by the Great Depression of the 1930s and by World War II. After the war a tremendous surge ourred in the realeastate ___rket with the advent of single-family homes on relatively s ___ll lots--typically less than one-tenth of an acre. During the 1950s, ___ny large tract developments encroached on former farmlands near metropolitan areas. The most dra ___tic instan ___s of this sprawling effect were witnessed in western municipalitiessuch as San Jose and San Diego whose citycharters defined their boundaries over several hundred square kilometers. These large par ___ls of land were overrun by. standard three bedroom, two bath, "ranch-style" homes in a few short deoedes. By the 1960s construction had subsidedsignificantly and developers began building different kinds of plans to try and aommodate the changes in the ___rket. Those who had taken advantage of the suburbanization trend in he post-war years had seen the value of their real estate increase dra ___tially and ___ny were anxious to re-invest their assets. In an effort to reap this affluen ___, ___rtain contractors moved away from the standard mod模板,内容仅供参考。