【经典设计】2018-2019学年高中英语(译林版)必修3学案(江苏专用)：Unit 3 Period Two Word版含答案

Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage
Part ⅠLanguage Focus
Ⅰ.单词自测
1．extreme adj.极度的；极端的
extremely ad v.极度地；极端地
2．complain v i.抱怨
3．bone n．骨骼，骨头
4．wooden adj.木制的
wood n．木头，木料
5．leather n．皮革
6．historical adj.历史的；与历史研究相关的
history n．历史，历史学
Ⅱ.短语自测
1．be considered to be... 被认为是……
2．take...as an example以……为例
3．be used to do sth.被用来做某事
4．have the chance to do sth.有机会做某事
5．share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物
1．consider
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P46)On the World Heritage List put out by UNESCO，altogether there are about 900 World Heritage sites，which are considered to have extraordinary value to human civilizations.
在联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录上共收录了约900个世界文化遗址，这些地方被认为对人类文明有着不同寻常的价值。

(2)We are considering importing technology from the US.
我们在考虑从美国引进技术。

(3)Jean considered herself (to be) very lucky.
琼认为自己非常幸运。

(4)She considers that it is too early to form a definite conclusion.
她认为现在下确切的结论还为时过早。

[归纳拓展]
(1)consider v．考虑；认为
consider doing...考虑做……
consider sb./sth.(to be/as)．..认为某人/物(是)……
consider that...认为……
all things considered总而言之；考虑到所有情况
(2)considering prep.& conj.考虑到……；就……而言
(3)considerate adj.考虑周到的；体贴的
(4)consideration n．考虑
take sth.into consideration考虑到；顾及
[即时跟踪]
(1)用consider的适当形式填空
①What a pity！Considering his ability and experience，he might have done better.
②I’ve always understood one should try to be considerate of other people.
③Everything taken into consideration，it’s practical.
(2)It was of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(2015·福建，23) A．careless B．considerate
C．patient D．generous
答案 B
解析考查形容词辨析。

句意为：Michael通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。

本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.这一结构。

故选B。

2．complain
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P49)One complained that the room was not clean and that it was not very comfortable either.
一个学生抱怨说房间不干净而且也不舒适。

(2)One of their neighbors had written to complain about the sound of the piano.(2015·北京)
他们的一个邻居已写信抱怨关于钢琴的声音。

(3)She is always complaining of her toothache to the doctor.她老是跟大夫抱怨她牙痛。

(4)The police received several complaints about the noise from our party.
警方收到数起不满的投诉，指责我们的聚会太吵了。

[归纳拓展]
(1)complain v t.& v i.抱怨；诉苦
complain about抱怨，投诉
complain (to sb.) about/of...向某人抱怨……，向某人诉苦……
complain that...抱怨……
(2)complaint n．抱怨；诉苦
[即时跟踪]
(1)Mother is always complaining of not having enough time.
母亲总是抱怨没有足够的时间。

(2)Many people complain that they are too busy to find time for read.
许多人抱怨他们太忙，找不到时间阅读。

(3)He to me about the food.
A．complained B．pretended
C．regretted D．complaint
答案 A
解析考查固定短语complain to sb.about sth.“向某人抱怨……”。

句意为：他向我抱怨饮食。

3．condition
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P51)Most of them were in good condition.
它们当中的大部分都保存完好。

(2)He can’t go for an outing，since he is in poor condition.
他不能外出游玩，因为他身体状况差。

(3)On no condition can you travel alone.
你决不能独自一人旅行。

(4)Living conditions in the village are still quite primitive.
这个村子的生活条件仍然很原始。

[归纳拓展]
condition n.[U]状况；[C]条件；[pl.]环境
be in good condition身体很好；完好无损
be out of condition＝be in poor condition身体不佳
on no condition一点也不，绝不(位于句首时，句子要倒装)
on condition that... 如果……，条件是……，倘若
living/working conditions居住/工作环境
注意：condition，situation，case，occasion等作先行词时，后面的定语从句若缺状语，
关系词用where。

[即时跟踪]
(1)I will come on condition that my parents are invited，too.
在我父母也被邀请的情况下，我才会来。

(2)You will be in a condition you are sitting on top of the world.
A．that B．which
C．where D．what
答案 C
解析句意为：你很快就会成为世界上最幸福的人。

in a condition意为“处于某种状态”，后面是定语从句，先行词condition在从句中作状语，故选C。

1．prepare sb.to do...
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P51)We got out our flashlights and prepared ourselves to go into the tomb.
我们拿出手电筒使自己准备好进入墓葬。

(2)We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.(2015·福建)
我们应该通过学习努力改进自己，为未来做好准备。

(3)Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training.(2015·全国Ⅱ)
为筹备所花费的时间提高了训练的质量。

[归纳拓展]
(1)prepare sb./oneself to do sth.使某人准备好做某事
prepare sb./oneself for...使某人为……做好(心理)准备
be/get prepared for/to do sth.为(做)某事做好了准备
prepare for 准备……，对……有所准备
preparation n．准备(工作)
(2)make preparations for为……做准备
in preparation for为……做准备
[即时跟踪]
(1)The students are making preparations for the coming exam.
学生们正在为即将到来的考试做准备。

(2)Senior high school students are busy in preparation for the university entrance examination.
高中学生正忙于高考。

(3)My teacher prepared me for the competition.
老师让我为竞赛做准备。

(4)—I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so. He for it for months.
A．is preparing
B．was preparing
C．had been preparing
D．has been preparing
答案 D
解析考查时态。

由句中的will与for months可知，prepare的动作应发生在过去而且到目前为止还在继续，故用现在完成进行时，故选D。

2．come to
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P51)What has the world come to when the past matters more than the present?
当过去的事情比现在的事情还重要时，这个世界会变成什么样呢？
(2)The bill came to 30.
账单共计30美元。

(3)All his plans came to nothing.
他所有的计划都没有结果。

(4)When it comes to politics，I have no interest.
谈及政治，我一点兴趣都没有。

[归纳拓展]
come to 达到(某一状况)，结果是
come to oneself苏醒，恢复知觉
come to sth.谈及……，涉及……；合计……，共计……；达到(某状况)，结果是……
come to sb.(主意)被某人想出，在……中浮现
when it comes to (doing) sth.当涉及(做)某事时
[即时跟踪]
(1)What will the world come to when all the animals die out some day?
将来有一天所有动物都死亡的时候，世界将会是什么样子？
(2)The idea came to him in his bath.
他洗澡时想出了这个主意。

(3)When it comes to in public，no one can match him.(2014·江西，26)
A．speak B．speaking
C．being spoken D．be spoken
答案 B
解析考查非谓语动词。

句意为：当提及在公共场所发言时，没有人能比得上他。

when it comes to...当谈及/提及/涉及……时；其中的to是介词，后面要接名词或者动名词作宾语，故排除A、D两项。

空格处指“演讲”，故不用被动形式，选B项。

(4)Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn’t of much help when it shopping and eating.(2016·大丰新丰高一期中)
A．refers to B．speaks of
C．focuses on D．comes to
答案 D
解析句意为：我们中的大多数人都知道我们应该减少脂肪，但当谈到买东西和吃饭的时候，我们知道的这样的事情并没有太大的帮助。

when it comes to doing sth.当谈到……的时候，符合句意。

故选D。

as引导的原因状语从句
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P47)This means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied，as they are often very old.
这就意味着这些东西不得不被仔细地分析和研究，因为它们通常是很古老的。

(2)As I haven’t seen the film，I can’t tell you what I think of it.
由于我没有看过这部影片，所以我不能告诉你关于这部电影的看法。

(3)As he wasn’t ready in time，we went without him.
因为他没有及时准备好，我们没等他就走了。

[归纳拓展]
教材原句中as引导原因状语从句，表示已知的、比较明显的原因，意为“由于，因为”，用作连词。

常位于句首或句中，不能回答含why的疑问句，也不能在强调句中作为被强调的成分。

[即时跟踪]
(1)As the weather was fine，we decided to go for a walk.
因为天气好，我们决定去散步。

(2)—Coach，can I continue with the training?
—Sorry，you can’t you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.(2012·重庆，30) A．until B．before
C．as D．unless
答案 C
解析句意为：——教练，我可以继续训练吗？——抱歉，你不能，因为你膝盖的伤还没有恢复。

分析题意可知前后两句有明显的因果关系，故选as表原因。

而until，before和unless 都需后句用肯定才可与前句的you can’t相符合。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The extreme(极度的)heat almost drove me crazy.
2．They told of his devotion(奉献) to duty.
3．I have broken a bone(骨头) in my arm.
4．The meaning of silence varies among cultural(文化的) group.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
5．We have no historical(历史的)evidence for it.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．extreme
①The family then fell into extreme difficulties.
②I find it extremely fascinating.
2．complain
①The neighbours always complain about the noise.
②If you wish to make a complaint，you should see the manager.
3．wooden
①He kept a rabbit in a wooden box.
②Don’t let the fire go out；there’s plenty of wood.
4．historical
①You must place these events in their historical context.
②Ji Lianhai’s lecture about history is very interesting.
5．solution
①It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.
②He’s trying to figure out a way to solve the problem.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．When it comes to football，he talks a lot.
当说到足球时，他就很健谈。

2．The couple have prepared themselves to face/for facing the difficulty.
那对夫妇已做好面对困难的准备了。

3．She often complains that he is dishonest.
她常抱怨说他不诚实。

4．As he was in a hurry，he left this bag home.
由于太匆忙，他把这个包落在了家里。

5．Have you considered that he is only a little boy?
你有没有考虑到他仅仅是个小男孩？
Ⅳ.单项填空
1．I consider the party until Saturday evening，and it is considered practical. A．putting off；being B．putting off；to be
C．to put off；being D．to put off；to be
答案 B
解析句意为：我考虑把聚会推迟到星期六晚上，而且这被认为符合实际情况。

题干中第一
个consider表示“考虑”，后常接动名词；第二个consider表示“认为，把……当作”，常用搭配：consider＋宾语＋(to be)名词/形容词(to be可省略)，其被动式为：宾语＋be considered ＋(to be)名词/形容词，故选B。

2．Thousands of people to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
A．turned on B．turned in
C．turned around D．turned out
答案 D
解析句意为：成千上万的人出来观看昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。

turn out出动，符合句意，故选D。

3．We need to be prepared for the wide spread of H7N9 virus，but hopefully it won’t that.
A．come up B．come to
C．come across D．come out
答案 B
解析句意为：我们需要为防止H7N9病毒的广泛传播做好准备，但希望不会到那一步。

come to达到，发展成某种程度或状况，符合句意。

come up出现，发芽；come across偶然遇见；come out出版，出现，故选B。

4．—Is your present pension sufficient to cover your cost of living?
—Enough and to spare. (2014·盐城中学模拟)
A．I can’t complain.
B．Serve me right.
C．I’ve had enough of it.
D．I can’t be too particular.
答案 A
解析句意为：——目前你的补助足够你过日子了吧？——足够了并且还有剩余，我不能再抱怨了。

故选A项。

5．Upon graduation from school，how well will you the job that lies ahead? A．prepare B．prepare for
C．be prepared for D．be preparing
答案 C
解析how well已暗示空白处应选择表状态的短语，故只能选C。

Part ⅡGrammar
宾语补足语；主谓一致
一、宾语补足语
1．英语中有些及物动词，除有一个宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语才能使句子的意思完整。

这类动词或短语主要包括：make，consider，believe，
cause，feel，hear，listen to，see，find，have，let，call等。

其句型为：及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语。

2．名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、从句都可作宾语补足语。

We all called him “monkey”．(宾补为名词)
We believed him honest.(宾补为形容词)
I saw him out with his father.(宾补为副词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(宾补为介词短语)
I don’t force him to do anything he dislikes.(宾补为不定式)
Nobody noticed him enter the room.(宾补为不带to的不定式)
I saw him crossing the road by himself.(宾补为现在分词)
When we arrived there，we saw the work done.(宾补为过去分词)
The plant has its own name.You can’t call it what you will.(宾补为从句)
3．在主动语态中，有几类动词后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补；但变为被动语态时，一定要加上不定式符号to。

这几类动词或短语有感官动词：feel，hear，listen to，see，look at，watch，notice，observe；使役动词：have，let，make。

help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。

I saw the children cross the road.
→The children were seen to cross the road.
The boss made the employees work ten hours a day.
→The employees were made to work ten hours a day.
4．一些感官动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补和接现在分词作宾补的区别：不带to的不定式作宾补表示动作已经完成；现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行。

I observed a stranger enter the house.
我注意到一个陌生人进了那所房子。

(动作已完成)
I observed a stranger entering the house.
我注意到一个陌生人正走进那所房子。

(动作正在进行)
I heard her sing a song in the next room.
我听到她在隔壁唱歌了。

(动作已完成)
I heard her singing a song in the next room.
我听到她正在隔壁唱一首歌。

(动作正在进行)
5．宾补还可用于形式宾语it之后。

They thought it right to do this test.(right为宾补)
We all think it our duty that we should support him.(our duty为宾补)
We find it necessary to master a foreign language.(necessary为宾补)
6．含不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补的句子转换成被动语态后，原来的宾补即为主补。

His father made him do a lot of housework after school.
→He was made to do a lot of housework after school by his father.
The boy saw the dog tied to the tree.
→The dog was seen tied to the tree by the boy.
即时跟踪1用所给词的正确形式填空
1．In the end，we found the girl locked (lock) in a dark room.
2．Just at that time，I saw an old woman crossing (cross)the narrow street.
3．Don’t let your son play(play) computer games like this any more.
4．I’ve never heard the word used(use) in spoken English.
5．I think you can’t force your son to go(go)to see her.
二、主谓一致
主谓一致可依据三条原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。

1．语法一致原则
一般来说，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。

My father is in charge of the company.
What the teacher said is of great importance.
The number of students has been increasing in recent years.
并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，如：bread and butter/a knife and fork/needle and thread/a cart and horse/a teacher and writer等。

若and连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each，every，no或many a修饰，谓语动词用单数。

A cart and horse was seen in the distance.
In this hotel，the bread and butter is served for breakfast.
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Many a ship has been wrecked on these rocks.
倒装句中谓语动词应与后面的主语一致。

On the wall were famous paintings.
Look! Here comes the bus.
主语后接as well as/with/along with/together with/but/except/like/rather than/including/in addition to时，谓语动词要与主语一致。

(这也称作“中心语原则”。

)
The teacher as well as the students has seen the film.
Nobody but Tom was here.
His parents，together with him，are going to visit the museum.
each，either，neither或由some，any，no，every构成的合成代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。

none作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。

Each of us has read the book.
Nobody wants to go there.
None knows/know a great deal about the experiment.
一些只有复数形式的名词如：clothes，scissors，trousers，shorts，glasses，people，cattle，police 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

2．意义一致原则
作主语用的集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数；若指其中的所有成员，谓语动词则用复数。

The committee was made up of 10 members.
The committee were in the hall.
My family enjoy sports and games.
My family has moved into the new house.
表示时间、距离、价格、度量等，往往作整体看待，谓语动词用单数。

Five yuan is enough.
One hundred li was covered on a single night.
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary changes.
“定冠词the＋adj.”表示一类人时，谓语动词一般用复数。

The English speak English.
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
“分数/百分数/all/some＋of＋名词”作主语时，其后的名词是不可数名词或单数形式的名词时，谓语动词用单数；但如果其后的名词为复数形式时，谓语动词用复数。

3．就近一致原则
由or，not...but...，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。

What he does or what he says does not concern me.
Either you or I am able to do it.
在there be结构中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。

There are two bowls and a plate on the table.
There is a plate and two bowls on the table.
即时跟踪2用所给词的正确形式填空
1．You or I am(be)going to welcome them this afternoon.
2．Neither his wife nor his parents want(want) to go to Taiwan.
3．The cattle eat(eat) grass on the side of the hill every day.
4．The medical team are(be) treating the injured at present in that hospital.
5．Each citizen over 18 years old in our country has(have) the right to vote.
6．Two thirds of the teachers present are(be) against the plan then.
7．Three fourths of the surface of the earth is(be) covered with water.
8．Every effort was made(make) to search the missing MH370 by many countries.
9．There is(be) a lot of milk in the bottle.
10．The number of people invited was(be) fifty，but a number of them were(be) absent for different reasons.
1．Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it live is quite another.(2015·浙江，18)
A．perform B．performing
C．to perform D．being performed
答案 D
解析考查非谓语动词。

句意为：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。

题干中含有“hear＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐，故应用being performed作宾语补足语，故选D。

2．Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.(2015·陕西，18)
A．taking B．taken
C．take D．be taken
答案 B
解析考查非谓语动词。

句意为：李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母
亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。

此处是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是do，doing或者done。

若宾语与补足语之间是主动关系，且强调动作发生的全过程，用省略to的动词不定式，即do；若宾语与补足语之间是主动关系，且强调动作正在进行，用doing；若宾语与补语之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。

此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，故选B项。

3．It is important to remember that success a sum of small efforts made each day and often years of achieve.(2015·湖南，27)
A．is；takes B．are；takes
C．are；take D．is；take
答案 A
解析考查主谓一致。

句意为：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。

此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。

4．The manager was satisfied to see many new products after great effort.(2014·四川，5)
A．having developed B．to develop
C．developed D．develop
答案 C
解析考查非谓语动词。

句意为：经理很满意地看到在做出巨大的努力之后，许多新产品被开发出来。

题干中含有“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，develop与宾语products为动宾关系，故使用过去分词作宾补，故选C项。

5．All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2014·湖南，32)
A．are B．was
C．is D．were
答案 C
解析考查主谓一致和动词的时态。

当all，all of，half of，the rest of，most of及“百分数或分数＋of”等后接名词作主语时，句子谓语动词的形式根据其后的名词而定，故根据表语“a small piece of land”可知本句谓语动词用单数，且根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时，故选C项。

6．The university estimates that living expenses for international students around 8,450 a
year，which a burden for some of them.(2013·湖南，33)
A．are；is B．are；are
C．is；are D．is；is
答案 A
解析考查主谓一致。

句意为：据这所大学估计，留学生的生活费用每年大约8 450美元左右，这对一些学生来说是一个负担。

第一个空的主语为living expenses指“生活费用”，谓语动词用复数形式；“which a burden for some of them”是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前面一句话，所以此处谓语动词用单数。

7．Generally，students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.(2013·江苏，21)
A．is B．are C．was D．were
答案A
解析考查时态与主谓一致。

句意为：一般来说，来自别人较高的期望值与学生内在的驱动力对他们的发展至关重要。

该题说的是普遍现象，故用一般现在时，故选A项。

8．When we saw the road with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.(2013·北京，29)
A．block B．to block
C．blocking D．blocked
答案 D
解析考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。

句意为：发现路面被雪封住，我们决定在家度假。

宾语补足语block与宾语road为被动关系，故选D项。

9．Let those in need that we will go all out to help them.(2013·陕西，13)
A．to understand B．understand
C．understanding D．understood
答案 B
解析句意为：要让那些需要帮助的人认识到我们会全力以赴地帮助他们。

let后跟不带to的不定式。

10．I looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.(2012·四川，8)
A．to wind B．wind
C．winding D．wound
答案 C
解析考查非谓语动词。

句意为：我抬头，注意到一条蛇正蜿蜒向树上爬去捕获它的早餐。

此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。

wind与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。

Ⅰ.词形变换
1．Choosing your future career is an extremely(extreme) important decision.
2．There is a beautiful wooden(wood) house in the forest of the mountain.
3．He laid the table in preparation(prepare) for dinner.
4．Shaanxi Province is a place with many cultural(culture) relics.
5．He said there should be careful consideration(consider) of the future role of the BBC.
Ⅱ.单项填空
6．Bill always seems so confident，but in fact he’s shy.
A．extremely B．extreme
C．directly D．immediately
答案 A
解析句意为：贝尔似乎总是很自信，但实际上他极害羞。

extremely是副词，非常，极为；extreme是形容词，极端的，过分的；directly是副词，很快，一会儿；immediately是副词，立刻，马上。

修饰形容词用副词；又根据句意知A项正确。

7．The two countries are going to meet to some barriers to trade between them.(2014，天津，13)
A．make up B．use up
C．turn down D．break down
答案 D
解析考查动词短语辨析。

句意为：这两个国家打算会面来打破双方之间的一些贸易障碍。

break down打破，使垮掉，符合句意。

make up编造，弥补，组成；use up用尽，用光；turn down 拒绝，调低。

8．Mrs Smith was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had went wrong again.
A．repaired it B．it repaired
C．repaired D．to be repaired
答案 C
解析she had had repaired为定语从句，修饰前面的the washing machine；这个定语从句用了使役结构have/has sth.done 的过去完成时态。

9．The young man who saw the car into the river telephoned the police station.
A．run B．was run
C．was running D．to run
答案 A
解析see...do sth.看到……做(某事)的全过程。

10．Our teacher raised her voice so that she could make herself by the students at the back of the classroom.
A．hear B．heard
C．hearing D．to be heard
答案 B
解析make oneself heard意为“让别人听见自己”，oneself 与hear是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。

11．Either you or the headmaster the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.
A．is handing out B．are to hand out
C．are handing out D．is to hand out
答案 D
解析either...or...要么……要么……，连接主语时，谓语动词要与最接近的主语一致，即就近原则。

“be＋不定式”表将来。

12．One third of the area covered with green trees.About seventy percent of the trees been planted.
A．are；have B．is；has
C．is；have D．are；has
答案 C
解析分数和百分数等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于分数和百分数后所接的名词。

13．Nobody but Jane and Mary the secret.
A．know B．knows
C．having known D．is known
答案 B
解析but，except等作介词时，后面的名词或代词不是句子的主语，因此真正的主语是nobody。

14．the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.(2016·天津，7)
A．Unless B．Until
C．As D．While
答案 C
解析考查状语从句。

句意为：随着人口平均寿命的延长，越来越多的老人需要照顾。

as在此处引导状语从句，表示“随着”。

15．A large quantity of water needed.
A．are B．is C．has D．have
答案 B
解析 a large quantity of “许多，大量”，谓语动词的单复数只与quantity的形式有关；如果是quantities，谓语用复数。

Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2016·四川)
In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest，there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people.Surprisingly，these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.And yet，people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946.In theory，they should live by the French law.However，their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown，thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.
The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area，which sits on the edge of the Amazon-rainforest，with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital，Cayenne.
“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says Gin.“I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I don’t see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”
“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life，”continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white，which allows me to show different specific
worlds more clearly.”
His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic，which brings with it not only necessary state welfare，but also alcoholism，betrayal and even suicide.
16．Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?
A．They seldom follow the French law.
B．They often ignore the Guianese law.
C．They are separated from the modern world.
D．They are both Guianese and French citizens.
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句“Surprisingly，these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.”可知，作者对这些土著人“无法无天”感到惊讶。

17．Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as .
A．a tour guide B．a geographer
C．a film director D．a photographer
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life...”及第五段第一句“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record...”可知，Gin是作为一名摄影师来记录土著人的生活的。

18．What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?
A．Cautious. B．Doubtful.
C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

根据第三段最后两句“I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”可知Gin对土著人的生活的评价是积极的，他在那里长时间拍摄并对法属圭亚那人有深厚的感情。

19．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The modern French lifestyle.
B．The self-supporting hunting.
C．The uncivilized world.
D．The French Republic.
答案 A
解析代词指代题。

代词it指代前面提到的“the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic”，因此选A。

B
When a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm，historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past.The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated during the seventeenth century.In this way，artifacts，objects made by human beings，provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago.
Underwater archaeology—the study of ships，aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of water—is really a product of the last 50 years.The rapid growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment.Besides the Swedish ship wreck(残骸)，underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5,000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea.
Underwater archaeology can provide facts about the past.In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6,000 years.There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of people’s way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times.Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the world’s knowledge of history，but they have to fight two enemies.One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors.Once sold，these objects are lost to experts.The second enemy is dredging machines(挖掘机) often used to repair ports.These machines destroy wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud.By teaching the public about the importance of underwater “museums” of the past，archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures.
20．What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage?
A．To provide background information of the topic.
B．To attract readers’ attention to the topic.
C．To use an example to support the topic.
D．To offer basic knowledge of the topic.
答案 B
解析推理判断题。

本文以在海底发现一艘沉船开篇，其目的就是引起读者的兴趣。

21．The aim of underwater archaeology is to .
A．exploit water bodies
B．search for underwater life
C．study underwater artifacts
D．examine underwater environment
答案 C
解析推理判断。

从最后一段可知，水下考古的目的是研究在很久以前被淹没在水下的一些。