安徽省2016年第一季度学科教师专业测试卷(高中英语)北辰版

安徽省2016年第一季度学科教师专业测试卷（英语）（总分150分，时长120分钟）第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2分，满分30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 、和 D ）中，选出最佳选项，并填写在答题卡上。

AResearch shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment. Children‘s relationships with peers strongly influence their success in school ，and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school ，becoming depressed and other problems.Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child’s PlayWhen 6-year-old Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday morning ，her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend Abbie.―Though they were only separated by a weekend ，the girls ran right into each other‘s arms and hugged ，‖recalls Rachel‘s mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert.―It was like a scene from a movie.‖Most parents instinctively know that having friends is good for their child.Experts agree that friendship is not simply child‘s play ，but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.A Skill for Life―Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood ，‖ says Dr.Robbie Adler-Tapia ，psychologist with the Center for Children‘s Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.Researcher William Hartup states ，―Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive development.‖ Hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior ，but rather ，how well a child gets along with other children.The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids ，so is the lack of friends detrimental.Good Friendships Don’t Just HappenExperts agree that it is essential for children to establish high-quality friendships.But ，researchers warn ，these friendships don‘t necessarily just happen.Often ，a good friendship begins with involved parents.Psychologist Dr.Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.Bad CompanyMany parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their child‘s friendships.―When she was in 1st grade ，her supposed ‗best friend‘ began calling her names and threatening to hurt her ，‖ says Mindy Miller.―My daughter wasn‘t allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class.It really crushed her spirit.I told my daughter she didn ‘t need a ‗friend‘ like that.‖―I‘ll bend over backwards to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him ，‖ Adler­Tapia says.―I don‘t look at it as manipulation ，just positive parental involvement.‖ 1．The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to illustrate that________.A ．childhood friendship is of great significance to their growthB ．a positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problemsC ．it is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout lifeD ．Rachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of their separation of one weekend 2．The underlined word ―detrimental‖ could be replaced by________.A ．aggressiveB ．disappointingC ．ridiculousD ．harmful3．We can learn from the passage that high-quality friendship most probably results from______.A ．social skills and good study habitsB ．school grades and classroom behaviorsC ．academic success and social adaptationD ．positive parental involvement and social skills4．From the last paragraph we can conclude that Dr.Robbie Adler-Tapia agrees that________.A ．parents should regard making friends as something that just happensB ．it‘s wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationshipsC ．parents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situationsD ．parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they canBWhen you bite into a loaf of bread, you‘re eating a little slice of history, with roots that stretch back for millennia. But this basic and important food, which has dominated tables for thousands of years, is in a dangerous decline. According to a study, 32 percent of the purchased bread is being dumped in the UK. And in France – a country whose breads are internationally well-known – young people are eating 30 percent less than a decade ago.Traditionally, bread has been a cornerstone of many cultures around the world. Wherever wheat was grown, bread was sure to follow. Its roles were just as varied as its origins. Bread could be used as an appetizer, a palate cleanser, a post-meal palate cleaner – even as an entire meal itself.As its popularity grew, so too did its symbolic value. Christianity adopted bread as are presentation of Christ during religious ceremonies. ―Breaking bread‖ with someone became a common symbol of friendship. The French even used to bring baguettes home as a symbol of love to the family. But recently, the world‘s love with bread came to fade. Some guess that the fast pace of modern life is changing people‘s eating habits. Others believe it‘s a reflection of health concerns.Bread is rich in complex carbohydrates, a fact that could alienate anyone who practices a low-carbon or gluten-free lifestyle.The shift against bread is also associated with its mass production. Extra yeast and additives are added to the dough, to extend its shelf life. In the process, bread ends up being blanched and nutritious stripped.But dedicated bakers around the world have rushed forward to rescue bread‘s good repu tation.They say no to mass production in favor of baking flavorful loaves the old-fashioned way. British baker Mark Newman is a good example. His loaves take up to 18 hours from start to finish. ―In terms of nutrition and eating satisfaction, a handmade lo af of real bread and mass-produced bread are completely different products.‖ he said. Artisanal bakers hope to build on the popular enthusiasm to grow their industry. With a little luck – and some fresh, whole grains –bread might return to its traditional glory.校区____________ 学段__________________ 学科教师：__________________分数：______________………………………………………………… 装 ………………………… 订 ………………………… 线 ……………………………………………………5. From the traditional view, bread ___________.A. could not be served before a big mealB. could be mass producedC. was not used for religious purposes.D. symbolized some close relationships6. In the mass production of bread, what‘s the purpose of overusing yeast and additives?A. To blanch bread.B. To make bread more nutritious.C. To help bread keep longer.D. To speed the process of production.7. What is the structure of the passage? (○=paragraph)A. ①→②→③④→⑤⑥B.①②→③→④⑤→⑥C.①②→③④→⑤→⑥D.①→②③→④⑤⑥8. What is the main idea that the writer wants to convey?A. Bread plays an important role throughout the world.B. Bread is becoming less consumed.C. Handmade bread enjoys great popularity nowadays.D. Bread has a long history as main food dominating tables.CThe family does not feature heavily in the culture of the Ik of Northern Uganda. In fact, as far as the Ik are concerned, the family means very little. This is because the Ik face a daily struggle to survive in the face of drought, famine and starvation. Anyone who cannot take care of himself or herself is regarded as a useless burden by the Ik and a threat to the survival of the others. So the old are abandoned to die. Sick and disabled children too are abandoned. The Ik attitude is that, as long as you keep the breeding group alive, you can always get more children.Ik mothers throw their children out of the village compound when they are 3 years old, to defend for themselves. I imagine children must be rather relieved to be thrown out, for in the process of being cared for, he or she is reluctantly carried about in a hide sling wherever the mother goes. Whenever the mother is in her field, she loosens the sling and lets the baby to the ground none too slowly, and laughs if it is hurt. Then she goes about her business, leaving the child there, almost hoping that some fierce animals will come along and carry it off. This sometimes happens. Such behaviour does not endear children to their parents or parents to their children.Many of you probably reacted to the Ik with some horror and shock. It is very tempting to conclude that these people are primitive, savage and inhuman, and that their concept of the ‗family‘ is deeply wrong. However, sociologists argue that it is wrong to simply judge such societies and their family arrangements as unnatural and untypical. We need to understand that such arrangements may have positive functions. In the case of the Ik, with the exceptional circumstances they find themselves in—drought and famine—their family arrangements help ensure the survival of the tribe.Moreover, some of you may have concluded that British family life and the Ik have some things in common. British family is not universally experienced as positive for all family members. For some members of our own society—for young and old alike—family life may be characterized by violence, abuse and isolation.The problem with studying the family is that we all think we are experts. This is not surprising, considering that most of us are born in families and socialized into family roles and responsibilities. It is an institution most of us feel very comfortable with and regard as ‗natural‘. For many of us, it is a cornerstone of our social world, a place to which we can retreat and take refuge from the stresses of the outside world. It is the place in which we are loved for who we are, rather than what we are. Family living and family events are probably the most important aspects of our lives. It is no wonder that we tend to hold very fierce, emotional, and perhaps irrational, views about family life and how it ought to be organized. Such ‗taken for granted‘ views make it very difficult for us to objecti vely examine family arrangements that differ from our own experience—such as those of the Ik—without making critical judgements.9. Which of the following will the author probably agree with in the case of Ik?A. The children are a great burden to their family.B. Mothers prefer to carry their children here and there.C. The children enjoy warm relationship with their parents.D. Many children should be left at the mercy of fierce animals in the field.10. According to the author, both British family life and that of the Ik ______.A. contain negative elementsB. ensure longevityC. experience ups and downsD. endear family members11. All of the following statements support ―family is the cornerstone‖ EXCEPT that ______.A. we turn to family as our harbour in heartB. we find we love and are loved in the familyC. we believe family is the top priority in our lifeD. we pour our bad mood upon our family members12. The author writes this passage to tell us ______.A. family life has various positive functionsB. the idea of family is universally acceptedC. the family is evolving with the time at a high speedD. we should examine the concept of family objectivelyDHabits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. ―Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,‖ William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word ―habit‖ carri es a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don‘t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they‘re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.―The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,‖ says Dawna Markova, author of ―The Open Mind‖ and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. ―But we are taught instead to ‗decide,‘ just as our president calls himself ‗the Decider.‘ ‖ She adds, however, that ―to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.‖All of us work through problems in ways of which we‘re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving onlyThe current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. ―This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —that anyone can do anything,‖ explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book ―This Year I Will...‖ and Ms. Markova‘s business partner. ―That‘s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you‘re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.‖ This is where developing new habits comes in.13. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. Changeable14. ‖ ruts‖(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections15. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative minds第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。