2018版高考英语大一轮复习教材部分基础考点讲析必修5 Unit 3Life in the future

Unit 3Life in the future
Ⅰ.分类记单词快速掌握
1．阅读单词——认一认
(1)capsule/ˈkæpsjuːl/n．__________________
(2)fasten/ˈfɑːsn/v t.__________________
(3)motivation/ˌməʊtIˈveIʃn/ n．__________________
(4)enormous/Iˈnɔːməs/ adj.__________________
(5)recycle/ˌriː ˈsaIkl/v t.__________________
(6)material/məˈtIərIəl/ n．__________________
答案：(1)太空舱；胶囊(2)系牢；扎牢(3)动机(4)巨大的；庞大的(5)回收利用；再利用
(6)原料；材料
2．核心单词——写一写
(1)_____________/ˈæspekt/ n．方面；层面
(2)_____________/əˈdʒʌstmənt/ n．调整；调节→v t.调整________
(3)_____________/flæʃ/ v t.&v i.(使)闪光；(使)闪现
(4)_____________/ˈdezət/ n．沙漠；荒原→adj.荒芜的________
(5)_____________/IˈkɒlədʒI/ n．生态；生态学
(6)_____________/səˈraʊndIŋz/n．周围的事物；环境→adj.周围的________→v t.环绕；包围________
(7)_____________/læk/ v i.&v t.缺乏；没有n．缺乏；短缺的东西→adj.缺少的________
(8)_____________/ˈtɒləreIt/ v t.容忍；忍受→n.忍受________
(9)_____________/ˈInstənt/ n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的→ad v.立即；立刻________
(10)_____________/Imˈpreʃn/ n．印象；感想；印记→v.使留下印象________→adj.给人以深刻印象的________
(11)_____________/ˈkɒnstənt/ adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→ad v.始终；一直；连续不断地________
(12)_____________/ˈpriːvIəs/ adj.在前的；早先的→ad v.在以前；先前________
(13)_____________/ʌnˈsɜːtn/adj.不确切的；无把握的→ad v.犹豫地；迟疑地________→n.犹豫；迟疑；无把握________
(14)_____________/ɡaId/n．指导；向导；导游v t.指引；指导→n.指引________
(15)_____________/pres/ v i.&v t.按；压；逼迫n．按；压；印刷；新闻→n.压力________
(16)_____________/ˌɒptIˈmIstIk/adj.乐观(主义)的→n.乐观主义________→(反义词)adj.悲观(主义)的________→n.悲观主义________
(17)_____________/ˈsetlmənt/ n．定居；解决→v.解决；定居________→n.移民________
(18)_____________/ˌreprIˈzentətIv/ n．代表，典型人物adj.典型的；有代表性的→v.代表________
(19)_____________/IɡzɔːstId/adj.精疲力竭的；耗尽的→v t.使精疲力尽；耗尽________→n.精疲力竭；枯竭________
答案：(1)aspect(2)adjustment；adjust
(3)flash(4)desert；deserted(5)ecology(6)surroundings；surrounding；surround
(7)lack；lacking(8)tolerate；tolerance
(9)instant；instantly(10)impression；impress；impressive(11)constant；constantly
(12)previous；previously(13)uncertain；uncertainly；uncertainty(14)guide；guidance(15)press；pressure(16)optimistic；optimism；pessimistic；pessimism (17)settlement；settle；settler(18)representative；represent
(19)exhausted；exhaust；exhaustion
Ⅱ.填空习短语高效识记
1．take ________拿起；接受；开始；继续
2．be back ________ one's feet(困境后)恢复；完全复原
3．sweep ________打扫；横扫
4．slide ________(快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……
5．speed ________加速
6．lose sight ________看不见
7．be optimistic ________对……感到乐观
8．be similar ________与……相似
9．________ all directions 向四面八方
10．________ repair 在修理中
11．switch_____________/________打开；启动/关掉
12．a/the lack________缺乏……；没有……
13．________a result of结果
14．________no time立刻；马上
答案：1.up 2.on 3.up 4.into 5.up 6.of7.about8.to9.in10.under 11.on/off
12．of13.as14.in
Ⅲ.精彩写句式典句背诵
1．Which problems____________(你认为) people will have overcome in one thousand years？(特殊疑问词＋插入语do you think/suppose/expect/believe等＋陈述语序)
2．At first my new surroundings were____________(难以忍受)．(形容词＋不定式作状语)
3．________________(由于缺少新鲜空气)，my head ached.(过去分词短语作状语)
4．____________(感到累极了)，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.(形容词作状语)
5．________________(里面是展览) of the most up－to－date inventions of the 31st century.(完全倒装)
答案：1.do you think 2.difficult to tolerate
3．Hit by a lack of fresh air 4.Exhausted
5．Inside was an exhibition
1．后缀－en构成动词
①fasten系牢
②shorten使缩短
③weaken变弱
④deepen加深，使深
⑤broaden/widen加宽
⑥sharpen削尖
⑦richen使富有
⑧soften使软化
2．前缀re－表示“回；再；重新”等意
①recycle回收利用
②return返回
③reappear再现
④recall回想
⑤reelect重选
⑥regain收回
⑦rebuild重建
⑧remake重制
3．be＋adj.＋to短语
①be similar to与……相似
②be blind to对……视而不见
③be close to靠近，接近
④be cruel to对……残忍
⑤be equal to等于，能胜任
⑥be familiar to为(某人)熟悉
⑦be harmful to对……有危害
⑧be polite to对……有礼貌
4．under＋名词短语
①under control被控制住
②under discussion在讨论中
③under pressure在压力下
④under repair在修理中
⑤under construction在建设中
⑥under attack受到攻击；遭到破坏
⑦under guarantee在保质期内
⑧under consideration在考虑中
⑨under investigation在调查中
1lack v i.&v t.缺乏；没有n．缺乏；短缺的东西
[教材原句]Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.
由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。

(1)for lack of因缺乏……
a lack of缺乏……
(2)lacking adj.短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in缺少……
(3)lack (for) sth. 缺乏
lack for nothing什么也不缺
①But you can't be successful when there's ________ lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
在一段关系中缺少相互信任时，你是不会成功的。

因为缺乏信任会导致肇事者逃脱责任而不会弥补过错。

②Alex's real problem is that he ________(lacking) confidence.
阿历克斯真正的问题是缺乏信心。

③Though lacking in money，his parents managed to send him to a university.
尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法送他上了大学。

答案：①a ②lacks
2 tolerate v t .容忍；忍受
[教材原句] At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. 一开始，我很难忍受周围的环境。

(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
(2)tolerance n ．宽容
tolerant adj .宽容的
①I can't tolerate you________(speak) to your mother in such a rude manner. 我不容许你用这种无礼的方式和你母亲说话。

②Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase ，she gave him a________(tolerate) smile and let him go.
她没有指责打破花瓶的男孩，而是给他一个宽容的微笑让他走了。

[联想发散] 表示“忍受”的词语还有：stand ，bear ，put up with 等。

答案：①speaking ②tolerant
3 instant n ．瞬间；片刻 adj .立即的；立刻的
[教材原句] You place the metal band over your head ，clear your mind ，press the sending button ，think your message and the next instant it's sent.
你把这种金属带子放在你的头上，排除杂念，按下发送键，想着你要传递的信息；片刻工夫信息就发出去了。

(1)in an instant ＝instantly 立刻；马上
at the instant 在那瞬间
for an instant 一瞬间
instant food 速食食品
instant coffee 速溶咖啡
instant noodles 方便面
(2) ⎭
⎬⎫the instant (that )＝instantly the moment/the minute ＋从句instantly/immediately/directly ＋从句一……
就……
①________________，he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
瞬间，他脱下大衣跳进了水里。

②________________I knew he was the man the police were looking for.
我一看见他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。

③________________are more and more popular among people nowadays.
如今，速食食品越来越受人们的欢迎。

答案：①In an instant/Instantly②The instant/moment I saw him③Instant foods
1impression n．印；印记；压印；压痕；印象
(1)make a good impression on sb. 给某人留下了好印象
(2)impress v t.给……留下深刻的印象
be impressed with/by...对……印象深刻
be impressed on sb.'s memory给某人留下深刻印象
(3)impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
an impressive scene一次难忘的场面
an impressive story一个感人的故事
①The beauty of the countryside left a deep________(impress) on her.
②Her kindness is________(impress)．
答案：①impression②impressive
2assist v t.帮助；援助；协助v i.帮助；帮忙；援助
(1)assist sb. with sth. 帮某人做某事
assist sb. in (doing) sth. 帮某人做某事
(2)assistance n．帮助；协助
come to sb.'s assistance帮助某人
with the assistance of sb. 在某人的帮助下
(3)assistant n．助手；助理
①He assisted us in________(pick) apples.
②We expressed our thanks for his________(assist)．
答案：①picking②assistance
3switch n．开关；转换v t.转换
make a switch in在某一方面做出改变
switch to转(换)到
switch on/off＝turn on/off打开/关掉
①He switched________the light and went to bed.
②Then her thoughts would switch________the present.
答案：①off②to
4press v t.按；压；逼迫n．按；压；印刷；新闻
press sth. on sb.把(想法等)强加于……
press...against把……压/贴在……上
press(down) sth.踩下；按下某物
press sth. into...把某物塞进……
press sb. to do sth. 力劝某人做某事
press for催促；极力要求
in(the) press在印刷中
off press已出版；已发行
under pressure承受压力；被迫
①With one problem pressing________his mind，he felt________(stress)．
②You need to be able to work accurately________pressure.
答案：①on；stressed②under
5flash v t.&v i.(使)闪光；(使)闪现n．闪光；一瞬间
flash into one's mind掠过心头
flash by/past/through/into闪过；掠过
flash back回顾；回放
in a flash很快；立刻；立即
①A good idea came into her mind in________flash.
②These lines from Shakespeare just flashed________my mind.
答案：①a②into
6optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
be optimistic about对……很乐观
pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的
be pessimistic about对……很悲观
He is optimistic________his future.
答案：about
1take up拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占用(时间、物品等)；占据(空间) [教材原句]I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.
我仍然不能相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。

写出下列句中take up的含义
①Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.________
②Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？________
③We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.________
④She took up the story where Tim had left off.________
take down写下；拆除
take in收留；吸收；欺骗；领会；理解
take off脱掉；起飞；成名
take on雇用；呈现；承担
take over接任；接替；采用
take away带走
take out取出；扣除
take back拿回；收回
take it easy放轻松
⑤He didn't take in what he read because his mind was on something else.
他没有领会他阅读的东西，因为他的心思在其他事情上。

答案：①开始从事②接受③占用④继续
2lose sight of看不见；忽略；忘记
[教材原句]However，I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
但是，当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，王平不见了，因为很多气垫车都四面八方地在身边飞奔。

①In time of difficulty，we must not lose sight ________ our achievements and we must build up our courage.
在遇到困难的时候，我们一定不能忽视我们的成绩，必须鼓起我们的勇气。

(1)catch sight of望见；看到
lose one's sight失明
come into sight进入视野内；映入眼帘
(2)at first sight乍一看
at the sight of看到
out of sight看不到
in/within sight在视野内
②I felt very glad，for I ____________ my old friend in the crowd.
我感到非常高兴，因为在人群中我看见了我的老朋友。

③We fell in love with the smartphone at first sight，but much to our regret，it was too dear.
我们一眼就喜欢上了那部智能手机，但非常遗憾，它太贵了。

答案：①of②caught sight of
3speed up加速
[教材原句]When we wanted the hovering carriage to speed up，we pressed down hard on the driving pedal and bent over in the direction we wanted to go.
当我们想让气垫车加速时，我们就使劲踩下驾驶踏板，使它弯向我们想去的方向。

①Obviously，a good learning habit can help us to speed ________ to reach our destinations.
显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。

at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of...以……速度
reduce speed/slow down减速
pick up speed逐渐加速
②How did the accident come about since he drove ________ sixty miles per hour?
既然他以每小时60英里的速度开车，那么事故是怎样发生的呢？
③The car slowed down at the turning，so I picked up speed to catch up with it.
在拐弯的地方那辆车减速，于是我逐渐加速赶上了它。

[名师点津]speed的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：speeded，speeded或sped，sped。

答案：①up②at a speed of
1as a result因此，结果
as a result of “由于”，后跟名词或名词短语。

As________result of the snow，the flight was put off.
答案：a
2in no time短暂(或快)得令人吃惊；立刻；马上；一会儿
at any time在任何时候
against time争分夺秒
ahead of time提前
at the same time同时；然而
behind the times落伍；过时
at a time每次
at one time过去；曾经
at no time绝不
at times有时
It is/was the first time that...have/had done sth. 生平第一次做某事
It is (high) time that sb. did/should do...某人该做某事了
①We raced________time to get in the wheat.
②It is the first time that he________(see) this film.
答案：①against②has seen
1Hit_by_a_lack_of_fresh_air，my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。

[句式点拨]Hit by a lack of fresh air为过去分词短语作状语。

过去分词在句中作状语时，和句子的主语是被动关系，在句中可以作时间、条件、原因、方式、让步及伴随状语。

①[2016·北京单项填空]________(order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
定购于一周前，这些书现在随时可被送达。

②________(locate) in the central district，the Xi'an Hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.
西安宾馆位于中心地带，提供的服务最优，价格最低。

③Given the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天终会成为国际明星。

答案：①Ordered②Located
2Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。

[句式点拨]形容词exhausted在句中作原因状语。

表示原因或伴随的形容词、形容词短语或形容词化的分词作状语，多放在句首或句末，句子的主语就是其逻辑主语，表示主语的状态。

①He spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold and ________(hunger)．
他又冷又饿，在风雪中过了七天。

②____________，Jay Chou stood up and accepted the prize.
既吃惊又高兴，周杰伦站起来接受奖品。

③Cheerful，efficient and warm－hearted，they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.
他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想方设法使你的旅程顺利、舒服。

答案：①hungry②Surprised and happy
1At first my new surroundings were_difficult_to_tolerate.开始的时候，新的环境让人难以忍受。

本句型为“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”，不定式用于形容词后作状语，其逻辑宾语为句子主语，但不定式要用主动形式表示被动含义。

若其中的动词为不及物动词，则应在其后加相应的介词。

①These programmes are usually easy________(receive)．
②The box is heavy________(carry)．
答案：①to receive②to carry
2Well，now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.现在，我们有一种装置，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。

这是一个主从复合句。

where在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词a system。

[名师点津]where可以引导定语从句修饰抽象地点名词，如point，stage，occasion，condition，case，situation，position，activity，race，job，scene等。

①Today，we'll discuss a number of cases________beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
②He got into a situation________it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
答案：①where②where
3“Why_not sit down and eat a little？”she said.“怎么不坐下来吃点东西呢？”她说道。

Why not后面必须接动词原形，即Why not do...？用作说话人向对方提出一个建议，意思是“何不……？”它仍然是一个省略形式的问句，这里的“Why not...？”句型与“Why don't you/we...？”句型为同义句型。

①Why not________(go) out for a walk?
②Why not________(follow) her advice?
答案：①go②follow
Ⅰ.语境填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。

1．I don't know how you can ________(忍受) the noise.It's so loud and
unpleasant.
2．The secret of happiness is to think about positive things and stay ________(乐观的)．
3．Mr Smith is tired of his wife's ________(连续不断的) complaints，so he always goes home very late.
4．They had to give up the project in the end because of a ________(缺少) of money.
5．There was a general ________(印象) that tomorrow meant a fresh start.
B)在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

6．Because of his ________(lack) of experience，I have to ________(assistance) him in doing the experiment.
7．Please make sure that your safety ________(belt) have been ________(fasten)．In no time will our plane fly through a heavy cloud.
8．Time，________(use) correctly，is money in the bank.
9．In order to ________(settlement) the problem of employment of students，a special field of study is set and ________(adjust) with reason.
10．After retiring from teaching，he was advised to take ________ gardening as a hobby.
答案：1.tolerate 2.optimistic 3.constant
4．lack 5.impression ck；assist7.belts；ed9.settle；adjusted10.up
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．His first speech as president made a strong impression of his audience.________
2．I don't like this radio play.Let's switch on to another programme.________ 3．I sat until after eleven，being absorbed in a book.________
4．Worrying about her daughter the mother came to see her yesterday.________ 5．The first textbook was written for teaching English came out in the 16th century.________
答案：1.of→on 2.去掉on 3.去掉being
4．Worrying→Worried 5.去掉was或在was前加that/which
Ⅲ.选词填空
take up；be greedy for；(a) lack of；be back on one's feet；lose sight of；in all directions；sweep up；slide into；remind...of；speed up
1．Lucy needs to________again and forget the misfortune.
2．Tom________the classroom when our teacher didn't notice him.
3．The child watched the plane go higher and higher until he________it.
4．I'd like to________my uncle's offer of a ride into town.
5．When you have________the dirt，put the brush away.
6．Many countries are faced with the problem about how to________economic development.
7．The photo________me________the happy days we spent together.
8．Tim________so________knowledge that he reads every book available.
9．Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and________exercise.
10．After dropping a small stone into still water，we saw circles going out________.
答案：1.be back on her feet 2.slid into 3.lost sight of 4.take up 5.swept up 6.speed up7.reminds；of8.is；greedy for9.a lack of
10．in all directions
Ⅰ.教材与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

I went into the future because I 1.________(win) a prize that gave me a tour.I
2.________(suffer) from “time lag” when I left my own time.Wang Ping gave me some green tablets
3.________ could help me feel less nervous and uncertain.
His 4.________(parent) company，5.________(call)“Future Tours”，transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.The first thing I noticed 6.________(be) the poor quality of the air，so my head ached. And I found several things 7.________(difference)：a mask to give me enough oxygen；a hovering carriage
driven by computer；a strange－looking house 8.________(belong) to Wang Ping's parents.Here the trees acted 9.________ walls and provided oxygen for the room；a table，some chairs and a bed rose from under the floor as if 10.________ magic.
答案：1.had won 2.suffered 3.which
4．parents' 5.called 6.was7.different
8．belonging9.as10.by
Ⅱ.教材与短文改错
根据课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

It was my first visit a space station considered the most modern in space.Describing as an enormous round plate，it spins slowly in space to imitate a pull of the earth's gravity.Inside were an exhibition of the more up－to－date inventions of the 31st century.
A guide showed us around three stop.In the first stop，I saw the thoughtpad used for send messages.In the second stop，we were on the environment area.There is a waste machine which can swallow all the waste availably.The third stop showed us to how the goods are manufactured by robots.
答案：1.第一句中visit后加to 2.第二句中Describing改为Described 3.第二句中a改为the 4．第三句中were改为was 5.第三句中more改为most 6.第四句中stop改为stops7.第五句中send改为sending或for改为to8.第六句中on改为in9.第七句中availably改为available10.第八句中to去掉Ⅲ.教材与写作积累
用本模块所学词汇、句型等完成下列句子。

1．带着保护环境的动机，我开始了一份新的工作。

With a________to protect the environment，I________________ a new job.
2．我们号召每个公民都清扫垃圾以使我们的环境更加干净。

We call on every citizen to________________the waste to make the________________.
3．我们戴上面具打开按钮，垃圾箱中的废物立刻以一种环保的方式被处理掉。

We put on masks and________________a button，and then the waste from the dustbins is________disposed of in an environmentally friendly way.
4．随着科技的发展，我对未来的生活持乐观态度。

_______the development of science and technology，I________________life in the future.
5．听到枪声，鸟儿向四面八方飞走了。

________the sound of shooting，the birds there flew away__________________.
答案：1.motivation；took up 2.sweep up；surroundings cleaner 3.switch on；instantly
4．With；am optimistic about 5.Hearing；in all directions提醒完成课时作业(二十三)。