直接引语与间接引语

直接引语与间接引语
直接引语：一字不改的引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分即为直接引语。

一般前后用引号，首字母大写。

通常放于句首或句尾。

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分即为间接引语。

通常以宾语从句的形式出现，不用引号。

直接引语变为间接引语时的时态变化
如果主句是过去式态，变为间接引语时的一般规律一般现在时---一般过去式，现在进行时---过去进行时，现在完成时---过去完成时，一般过去时---过去完成时，过去进行时---过去完成进行时，一般将来时---过去将来时，现在完成进行时----过去完成进行时，过去完成时---过去完成时等。

时态不需要变化的情况
1、当直接引语表示的是客观真理或经常性的特点时。

例如 She said,＂The earth goes around the sun＂.--She said that the earth goes around the sun.
2、当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间作状语时，保持原来的一般过去时。

例如 He said,＂I left home in 1942.—He said he left home in 1942.
3、当强调动作或状态现在仍然如此时，可保持原时态
She said ,”I will be back tonight.”----She said she will be back tonight .
4、当直接引语是虚拟语气时，保持原时态。

He said ,”I wish I could fly .”—He said he wished he could fly.
二、直接引语变为间接引语时连词的选择
1、陈述句陈述句转化为间接引语时用that引导，也可省略 that。

主句动词主要为say,tell,reply,explain,think,repeat等。

例如Danny said，＂I come from Canada.＂—Danny said that he came from Canada.
疑问句直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序。

主句的动词常用ask,wonder,want to know等。

1)、一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句时变为间接引语须用if或whether引导。

例如 She asked me,＂Is he a teacher?＂—She asked me
if/whether he was a teacher.
2}、选择疑问句或反意疑问直接引语是选择疑问句需用or;反意疑问句需用or not变为间接引语时要用whether而不用if.例如 My brother asked me,＂Is Tom tall or short?＂—My brother asked me whether Tom was tall or short.
3)、特殊疑问句当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，常变成与疑问句同形的连接词引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序，问号变句号。

例如＂What do you want to eat?＂he asked me.—He asked me what I wanted to eat.
3、祈使句直接引语是祈使句变为间接引语时，要用不定式表示，使其成为 ask /tell /order sb (not) to do sth 句型。

例如＂Don’t open the door.＂he said to her.—He asked her not to open the door.
4、感叹句感叹句变为间接引语时可用 what或how引导，也可用that 引导。

例如 He said，＂What a lovely day it is!＂—He said what a lovely day it was.—He said that it was a lovely day.
三、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。

now—then today—that day yesterday—the day before last might—the night before two days ago—two days before next week—the next week tomorrow—the next day the day after tomorrow—in two days here—there this—that these—those come—go bring—take 例如 He said,＂I did my homework yesterday.＂—He said he had done his homework the day before.
注 1、直接引语是第一人称变为间接引语时，一般要变为与主句主语相一致的人称；第二人称变为与主句的间接宾语相一致的人称，第三人称一般不改变。

2、当直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序，即连接词+主语+动词的形式。

3、Say后的直接引语表示陈述或命令时可变为tell;表示请求或询问时可变为ask.
巩固练习：
1、She said,＂I have left my coat in your room.＂
She said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______.
2、She said,＂I wrote to my friends yesrerday.＂
She said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ _______ ______..
3、The teacher told the students,＂The earth is round.＂
The teacher told the students_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .
4、The guard said to Lenin,＂Please show me your pass.＂
The guard asked Lenin_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .
5、He said ,＂My sister was here two days ago,but she is not here now＂
He said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ,but_____ was not there then.
答案：1. if the door was open or closed
2. she had left her coat in my room
3. that she had written to her friends the day before
4 .when I would be back the next time
5. that the earth is round
6 .to show him his pass
7 .whether he was leaving that day or the next day
8. his sister had been there two days before ,she .。