FOB中英文对照

FOB-Free on Board (insert named port of shipment）
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport。

该规则仅适用于内河运输或海运。

“Free on Board” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel，and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards。

Free on board意思为卖方将货物运送至买方指定的起运港，指定的船上并交付货物。

当货物装船时，货物丢失或损坏的风险从卖方转移至买方。

并且从该时刻起，买方将支付之后的费用。

The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain (‘string sales’），particularly common in the commodity trades.
卖方应负责运送货物并装船,或取得已装船准备运输的货物。

这里的“取得”适合于多层次链条式销售(线性销售），在商品销售中尤为普遍。

FOB may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers，which are typically delivered at a terminal。

In such situations, the FCA rule should be used。

FOB不适用于货物在装船之前就已将物权转移至承运人的情况，例如货物在集装箱内,那么货物应运输至目的地再转移物权.在这种情况下，而应使用FCA术语。

FOB requires the seller to clear the goods for export，where applicable。

However，the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import，pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities。

FOB情况下卖方应负责出口清关.然而，卖方没有负责进口报关,支付进口税费，办理任何进口海关手续的义务。

CIF—Cost Insurance and Freight Incoterms
（insert named port of destination）
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。

“Cost，Insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination。

“Cost，Insurance and Freight”是指当卖方将货物运至船上或取得已按此送交的货物,即完成交货。

当货物已运至船上时，货物灭失或损坏的风险发生转移。

卖方还必须订立货物运至指定目的港的合同并支付成本和运费.
The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer's risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The buyer should note that under CIF the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum cover。

Should the buyer wish to have more insurance protection, it will need either to agree as much expressly with the seller or to make its own extra insurance arrangements。

卖方还必须办理买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险的保险.买方应该注意CIF术语只要求卖方投保最低限度的保险险别。

如买方需要更高的保险险别,则需要与卖方明确地达成协议,或者自行作出额外的保险安排。

When CPT, CIP，CFR, or CIF are used，the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier in the manner specified in the chosen rule and not when the goods reach the place of destination。

当使用CPT，CIP, CFR 或CIF等术语时,卖方承担其将货物按照所选规则指定的方式交付承运人前所有风险和费用,而当货物运至指定目的地后，由买方承担一切风险和费用.
This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places。

While the contract will always specify a destination port, it might not specify the port of shipment, which is where risk passes to the buyer。

If the shipment port is of particular interest to the buyer, the parties are well advised to identify it as precisely as possible in the contract。

此术语有两个关键点,因为风险转移和费用在不同的地方转移。

合同中通常会指定目的
港,但可能并未指定风险转移至买方的装运港.如果装运港与买方有特定利益，则当事人应尽可能精准地在合同中确定.
The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point at the agreed port of destination，as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely。

If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the specified point at the port of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
当事人应尽可能精准地指定约定目的港中的具体交货地点，因为货物运送至该地点所需费用由卖方负担.建议卖方订立与上述决定适宜的运输合同。

除当事人事先另有约定外,如果卖方根据其运输合同负担了有关货物在指定目的港卸载的费用，其无权要求买方偿还相关费用。

卖方必须将货物运到船上或取得已按此送交准备发运的货物。

The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment to the destination。

In addition the seller is required either to make a contract of carriage or to procure such a contract。

The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain （‘string sales’），particularly common in the commodity trades.
此外,卖方必须订立运输合同或取得这样的合同.这里的“取得”适合于多层次链条式销售(线性销售），在商品销售中尤为普遍。

CIF may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel，for example goods in containers，which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such circumstances，the CIP rule should be used。

CIF requires the seller to clear the goods for export，where applicable。

However，the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import，pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
CIF不适用于货物在装船之前移交给承运人的情况,比如集装箱内的货物通常在目的地交付。

在这种情况下，应使用CIP术语。

在需要办理清关手续时，CIF要求卖方应负责货物的出口清关。

然而，卖方并没有义务办理货物进口清关、负担任何进口关税或办理任何进口海关手续。