Frequently Asked Questions About Volcanoes and Volcanologists
Frequently asked questions
Frequently asked questionsQ 1. Why has Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) posted these statistics?These tables have been prepared so that people who visit the website will be able to easily access information on application processing at visa offices around the world.The tables show the number of days or months that were required to approve or refuse applications at each visa office last year.Q 2. What does “finalize” mean on these tables?Finalize means applications that have been approved or refused.Q 3. What is included in the processing time information?Processing times are calculated from the date that an application is received until the date that the application is finalized.Q 4. Why are there differences in processing times in different regions or sometimes between offices within the same region?Visa offices face different challenges operating in different countries, regions and even in different offices within the same region. For example, mail service in some countries and regions may be slower than in others. As a result, the time it takes to process applications varies from office to office.Q 5. Why are there differences in processing times for different types of applications?Certain categories of applications, such as those for:∙sponsored spouses;∙partners; and∙dependent childrenare processed more quickly than others in order to meet public policy goals such as that of family reunification.Q 6. If I submit an application today, will these statistics show me the length of time it will take to finalize my application?Future processing times may not be the same as past processing times. The length of time it takes to finalize applications may vary from time to time.These tables show the number of days or months that were required to approve or refuse applications at visa offices around the world during a 12-month period in the past.Q 7. What is CIC doing to reduce the length of time it takes to process applications at Canadian visa offices?CIC is committed to processing applications as quickly as possible.We carefully monitor processing times and look for ways to reduce processing times, such as through regularly reassigning resources to the areas of greatest need.We will continue to strive to decrease processing times.Q 8. How often will these statistics be updated?These tables will be updated every three months to reflect processing during the previous 12 months.。
celpip 听力原题
celpip 听力原题英文回答:CELPIP Listening.The CELPIP listening test is designed to assess your ability to understand spoken English. There are four types of listening tasks:Everyday Conversations: These tasks involve listening to short conversations between two or more people. You will be asked to answer questions about the main idea, the details, and the speakers' opinions.Academic Lectures: These tasks involve listening to lectures on academic topics. You will be asked to answer questions about the main idea, the supporting points, and the speaker's conclusions.News Broadcasts: These tasks involve listening to newsbroadcasts. You will be asked to answer questions about the main events, the perspectives of different people, and the overall tone of the broadcast.Complicated Instructions: These tasks involvelistening to instructions or directions. You will be asked to answer questions about the steps involved, the materials needed, and the overall goal of the instructions.CELPIP Listening Tips.Here are some tips for doing well on the CELPIP listening test:Practice listening to English: The more you listen to English, the easier it will be to understand the spoken language. Try to find opportunities to listen to English every day, such as watching movies, listening to podcasts, or talking to native English speakers.Pay attention to the keywords: When you listen to a conversation or lecture, pay attention to the importantkeywords that are used. These keywords will help you to understand the main idea and the supporting points.Take notes: If you find it helpful, you can take notes while you listen. This will help you to remember the important information and to answer the questions correctly.Don't worry about understanding every word: You don't need to understand every single word in order to do well on the CELPIP listening test. Just focus on understanding the main idea and the important details.Guess intelligently: If you don't know the answer to a question, don't just guess randomly. Try to use your knowledge of the topic and the context of the conversationor lecture to make an educated guess.中文回答:CELPIP 听说力。
2019年6月英语六级第2套听力原文
W: Wow! I would give anything to be more like Audrey Hepburn!M:(1)I never really understood why so many girls were such big fans of her. I mean I've seen the famous films, Rome Holiday, breakfast at Tiffany's, and a few others, but I still don't fully get it. Was she that great of an actress?W: Well, for me, my adoration goes beyond her movies. She had such a classic elegance about her. She was always so poised, in part because she spent years training as a ballet dancer before becoming an actress.M: Why didn't she stick to dancing as a career?W: It seems it was fate. (2)She suffered from inadequate nutrition during the war, and therefore a career as a professional dancer would have been too demanding on her body. So she focused on acting instead. Roman Holiday was her first big break which made her a star.M: Was that the film that opened with her shopping for jewelry in New York city, you know, the scene she was wearing a black dress and dark sunglasses with a pearl necklace and long black gloves? I see the photo of her in that costume everywhere. W: No, that one is Breakfast at Tiffany's. That costume is often referred to as the most famous little black dress of all time. (3)Her character in that film is very outgoing and charming, even though in real life Audrey always described herself as shy and quiet.M: So what did she do after her acting career?W: (4)She dedicated much of her life to helping children in need. Her family received international aid during the war when she was growing up. I think that left a big impression on her. That's where I got the idea to volunteer for children's charity next weekend.M: I'll join you. I may not be as charming as Audrey Hepburn, but I'm all for supporting a good cause.对话1Wow, I would give anything to be more like Audrey Hepburn.哇!如果我能变得更像奥黛丽·赫本那样的话,无论让我付出什么我都愿意。
中级口译阅读
2014年秋季中级口译笔试真题阅读部分解析来源:昂立老师博客发布时间:2014-09-17热门推荐:·2015年上海基础、中高级口译考试培训正在招生查看详细课程阅读部分是英语中级口译笔试重要部分之一,考生在备考的时候应该练习过很多阅读试题,对大家来说关键是词汇量和理解能力问题。
2014年9月上海中级口译考试已于前两天结束,考生都希望在第一时间了解自己的考试成绩。
小编为各位考生整理了2014年秋季中级口译真题阅读部分,内容丰富,并且有针对性,供大家参考学习使用。
Question 1-51. Wild claims on labels of worthless medicines are much less frequent than there were years ago. But some over-the-counter drugs are still being promoted by tall stories, sometimes told in booklets or through advertising rather than on the label. //2. One tall story is that every American today suffers from a vitamin or mineral deficiency and needs vitamin supplements. This isn’t so. Vitamins and minerals are plentiful in our food supply. Eating a variety of foods makes it almost certain that you will get a full amount of these nutrients.3. Infants, pregnant women, the sick or convalescent and those who are dieting may need special supplements. But the family physician is the best authority on what vitamin supplements are needed.4. If your doctor does recommend supplements, take the suggested does —no more. Some people take or give vitamins on the principle that if a little is good, twice as much is better. Excessive doses of certain vitamins are known to be toxic.5. If you are overweight, don’t fall for a formula that promises you a slim, trim figure without dieting or calorie counting. To reduce, you must consume fewer calories than you use up in daily living. If calories are not used in producing heat or energy, they are stored to build fat. If you need to lose only a few pounds, you can probably work out your own diet. But if you need to lose many pounds, have your doctor plan a diet for you. Crash diets can break down your health, not your weight.6. Beware of cosmetics that make exaggerated claims or promises. There are no quick or easy cures for acne. Acne is a complex disease caused by a combination of factors. No cream that comes from a drugstore can cure it.7. Don’t trust any cream or gadget that promises to give you curves where you want them, or take them from where they are not wanted. Any cream that could do this would not be safe to use and there are no gadgets that are effective for spot reducing. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act protects the consumer by prohibiting any statements on labels or packages that are false or misleading.1. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Nutrient DeficiencyB. Exaggerated ClaimsC. Food SupplementsD. Calorie Consumption2. Vitamin supplements may be recorded by____A. the elderlyB. the handicappedC. teenagersD. people on diets3. The phrase “fall for”(para 5) is closest in meaning to_____A. count onB. settle forC. turn downD. work out4. The author warns in the passage that acne______A. is the disease caused by a vitamin deficiencyB. is incurable by any cream from a drugstoreC. will break down health if left untreatedD. will not respond to any known treatment5. According to the passage, overstatements about products_____A. are prohibited by lawB. are made through advertisingC. are printed on parcels and packagesD. are currently few and far between文章难度:★★☆☆☆字数:370点评:本篇是关于健康类的文章,题目类型多样,但总体难度不大。
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)Below are the answers to common questions that visitors have about Surveys4Checks. We have also explained some of the common myths of paid surveys and the process after joining so you can get a better picture of how paid surveys work. If you still have questions after reading please do not hesitate to contact us.1.) Can I really get paid just for taking surveys online?Yes, this is very real way to make money online in the comfort of your own home. There are over 7 million companies that actively survey consumers to find the best way to promote their products. These companies are willing to pay you to give your opinion. Your opinion allows them to get in touch with consumers and their views, habits, and opinions. These companies are willing to pay you for your time!2.) What is the difference between a survey and a focus group? Can I participate in both?A survey is normally a page or two of questions. Surveys can range from 10 to 30 questions. They are normally short and take little time to fill out. Focus groups on the other hand are normally longer forms that can sometimes follow you for a few days about a particular subject. They might ask you a series of questions, receive your response and then ask you another series of questions. Because of this they pay much more. You can participate in surveys, focus groups or both depending on the time you have available.3.) How do I know the companies will really pay me? What guarantee do I have that I will be paid?All the companies on our list have been thoroughly researched. If a company was to not pay a survey taker we would be the first to know. Any company that would do that would be quickly removed from our list. In the many years we have been offering surveys we have never heard of a company that did not pay a survey or focus group participate. The companies we list are very reputable marketing companies that have a high standard of business.4.) Can I do this from any computer? Do I need to download anything?There is nothing to download. You do not need any special computer or operating system. You simply log in and find surveys. This can be done from any computer, at any time.5.) I really love the free bonuses. How will I receive them? Do I need to do anything special?All our free bonuses are available in our members area. You just log in after registration and redeem the free bonuses. You can log in anytime as many times as you wish and redeem the free bonuses.6.) Can I trust these companies with my personal information and email address?All the companies on our list have strict privacy polices. The only persons with access to your information will be the survey companies themselves. They are not allowed to share yourinformation with anyone. This also means they can not sell or share your email address with any third party. You do not have to worry about getting Spam mail just because you sign up to take surveys.7.) How many surveys can I take? How much income can I earn?The amount of surveys taken, and income earned will depend on how much time and effort you put into the surveys.Average monthly income will depend on each individual, and their effort put forth. A person who checks their email often and responds to surveys invitations quickly, or logs into the members area to see what new surveys are available often will obviously make more than someone who only logs in one a week. Income is solely dependent on an individual’s effort and attention to survey o ffers.8.) How am I paid and how often?Am I sent a check by postal mail?Most companies pay within 1-2 weeks of completing a survey and will send payment via check or Paypal. Most companies will send a check by mail but keep in mind this will take longer to receive then digital payment.9.) Does it matter where I live? Are the surveys open to everyone - even world wide? Most paid survey opportunities require that you are at least 18 years of age, but other than that there are no specific requirements. Some companies will only accept survey takers in the USA, but most are looking for Survey takers from all over the world. Because of this, we have listed which companies are US only and which are International. This makes it easy to know which to apply to depending on where you live. We are the only company we know of that lists this information. We care about our customers and don't want you to waste your time. Time is money!10.) Can I participate in the same surveys as others? Are there enough surveys to go around? Will surveys ever "run out"?Yes, hundreds of people can, and will take the same survey. There are hundreds if not thousands of surveys available every day. Most surveys will require a very large amount of participates so there are always plenty of surveys to go around.11.) How do I know this is not some SCAM? How do I know this is a legitimate employment offer?We have been in business for two and a half years and going stronger than ever! In fact, there are many, many, more surveys and survey offers available today then when we first opened our business. The need for survey takers keeps rising and we need to fill the employment opportunities. If this was not a legitimate employment offer we would have been out of business long ago.About the registration fee and credit card processing.12.) Why is there a fee to join? charges a one time only registration fee because we only want serious job applicants filling out our surveys. If we allowed access to the surveys for free we wouldhave "curiosity" applicants filling out survey applications that were not really serious about the surveys, and taking up applications intended for serious job applicants.In the past we offered the program for free and found many surveys were not being completed and this pay could have gone to another, more reliable and serious survey taker. We want to weed out the "just curious" applicants from the "serious and reliable" survey employees.Since a survey taker can easily make the application fee back in only about an hour online, we don't really see it as a fee, but a way to show you are serious about being an online survey taker.13.) Is the $49.99 registration fee one time only? Are there any other fees after the one time registration?The registration fee of $49.99 is one time only. There are no reoccurring fees. There are NO other fees or anything to sign up for or purchase after registration.14.) Can't you just take the registration fee out of my first paycheck? I'll pay after I do my first survey.As much as we would like to do that we just can't. The survey paychecks are sent directly by the company that conducts the survey for the specific product or company. Paychecks for the surveys are not sent directly from our office so there is no way for us to deduct the registration fee.15.) I want to sign up! Is it safe to give my credit card information online?YES! No matter what rumors you have heard it is MUCH safer to give your credit card information online than anywhere else. Unlike going to a restaurant or giving your credit card to the store clerk where strangers see your credit card number, authorization number and expiration date, no one at nor sees your credit card information.As it states on 's web site. uses Advanced Security -128 bit encryption processing.Clickbank uses sophisticated international fraud control to screen all purchases. For maximum card security, all orders are sent directly to the banking network for immediate authorization. We do not store any credit card or bank account numbers.This means the ONLY person who sees your credit card number, security pin, address, or expiration date is you and your bank. No credit card records are viewed or kept by Clickbank or .15.) What happens if I forget my access to log into the members area? Can I retrieve my access?We will be happy to re send access if you lose it. After sign up you will be sent a Clickbank receipt to your email account confirming your registration . Please save this receipt just incaseyou need it to verify your purchase. You must forward us your entire Clickbank receipt to verify the purchase and then we will gladly re send your access。
2019年6月四级考试听力原文2
2019年6月四级考试听力原文(第二套)听力原文Listening ComprehensionNews Report 1France is facing potentially more than one billion dollars and lost revenue this year, due to huge declines in tourism. (1)Safety concerns have been one of the biggest reasons why the country has lost over half a billion in revenue already in the first six months of 2016. The terror attacks in Paris last November were called Europe’s worst in the past decade besides violence, workers strikes and heavy floods are said to have also been why international tourists have stayed away. So far in the Paris region there’s been a forty six percent decline in Japanese visitors, thirty five percent fewer Russians and twenty seven percent fewer Italians. American travelers seemed the least affected. Their numbers have only dropped by roughly five percent. (2) According to the French government, the country is the number one tourist destination in the world, and tourism is extremely important to the French economy.The sector represents roughly nine percent of its GDP. The Head of Paris Tourism Board said: “It's time that the tourism sector is going through an industrial disaster.”Question1: What counts most for the huge declines in tourism in France?Question2: What do we learn from the report about tourism in France?News Report 2(3)A small plane with two sick U.S. workers arrived safely in Chile late Wednesday after leaving Antarctica in a daring rescue mission from a remote South Pole research station. After making a stop for a few hours at a British station on the edge of Antarctica, the two workers were flown to the southernmost Chilean city of Punta Arenas. In a chaotic two days of flying, the rescue team flew 3,000 miles round-trip from the British station Rothera to pick up the workers at the U.S Amundsen-Scott Station at the South Pole.The two patients aboard will be transported to a medical facility that can provide a level of care that is not available at Amundsen-Scott, says a spokesperson. (4)Normally planes don't go to the polar post from February to October because of the dangers of flying in the pitch-dark and cold.“Antarctica creates a hostile environment,”says the operations director for the British Antarctic Survey, “if you are not careful, it’ll come around and bite you.”Question3: What was the small plane’s mission to Antarctica?Question4: What makes flying to Antarctica dangerous from February to October?News Report 3(5) A pilot from Virginia removed his son's loose tooth using a helicopter. Rick Rahim from Virginia flies helicopters for a living, and when his seven year old son’s tooth became loose he did not waste time by tying it to a door handle. Instead, Mr. Rahim tied one end of a string around his son’s tooth, and the other end to his full-sized commercial helicopter. (7) The father of four posted video clip of his playful venture on Facebook, advising parents to do fun and creative stuff with their kids.The video shows him launching the helicopter into the air andflying just far enough to successfully remove the loose tooth. (6)At the end of the video, Mr. Regime assures watches that the circumstances were safe, and that he has 13 years of helicopter flying experience behind him.“You've got to do everything safe in life, and that's what I did today,”he said. Mr. Rahim later said that although some parents have used remote control helicopters to pull teeth before, he might be the first to use a full-sized aircraft, as he can't find evidence that it has been done before.Question 5: How did Rick Rahim remove his son's loose tooth?Question 6: What does the news reports say about Rick Rahim?Question 7: What did Rick Rahim advise parents to do with their kids?Conversation 1W: Hi, Emma speaking. Who's this?M: Hi, Emma, (8) I'm Paul from Hermes Delivery Service. Here's a package for you. Are you at home to collect it?W: Oh, sorry, Paul. (9) I’m out of the moment. Can you put it in my mailbox?M: I'm afraid I can't do that. Sorry, the package is too big, and it needs a signature to confirm you have received it. So I would need to deliver it at a time when you're in.W: Okay, well, I'm out all day today, but I should be in tomorrow morning before I go out for lunch. And then I'll be at home again later in the afternoon. Will either of those times be convenient for you?M: They are not unfortunately, I'm sorry. (10) I won't be in the area tomorrow as I have some other deliveries to make on the other side of town. I could come the day after, if that suits you.W: Okay, yes, that should be fine. I have a friend coming round in the afternoon, but I'll be at home. So the day after tomorrow will be great. Do I need to pay for the package?M: No, you don't. It says here that you pay for it when you ordered it online.W: Oh, yes, I did. I got mixed up.M: (12)So you just need to sign the form to say you’ve received it.W: Ok, great. See you the day after tomorrow then.M: Yes. See you thenQuestion 8 Why is the man making the phone call?Question 9 Why can't the woman meet the man today?Question 10 Why is the man unable to see the woman tomorrow?Question 11 What should the woman do to receive her purchase?Conversation TwoM: Hi, Emily! (12) I hear you're leaving for Italy soon. Do you plan to have a going-away party before you disappear? It’ll be really nice for us to hang out together before you go.W: I'm not sure. I'm leaving in just two more days, and I'm going to miss all my friends here and especially this place. Why don't you come over? (13) I'm feeling rather sad, actually.13I'm currently sitting alone at a table outside the Black Cat Cafe, listening to the rain and watching people passing by.M: I am sorry. (14) I can't just now. I need to get this assignment finished by Monday, and I'm way behind. Anyhow, cheer up! You're not leaving for good. And you'll absolutely love Italy.W: Yeah, you're right. But I just feel like I'm not quite ready to go. (12) And studying in a foreign country seems a bit overwhelming.M: Just think of your life in Milan. In the mornings, you can go down to a small local cafe, soaking up the sun’s rays and drinking coffee. I envy you. You can buy lots of gorgeous Italian clothes.W: That does sound nice. And of course I can keep in touch with everyone through Facebook. Maybe you can all come visit me.M: Of course we will. When is your flight?W: On Saturday, after lunch, at 1:45.M: Okay, (15) I'll try and come to the airport on Saturday to see you off. I'll give you a call that morning, no matter what.Question 12 What is the woman going to do?Question 13 How does the woman feel at the moment?Question 14 Why can't the man meet the woman now?Question 15 What will the man possibly do on Saturday?Passage OneMount Etna is one of the most active volcanoes on Earth. The mountain has been in a state of near continuous eruption for half of a million years. Exploring the Etna geographical area reveals a history written in fire. Before the eruptions, it was covered by forests of pine trees.Located in southern Italy, Etna is the highest active volcano in Europe. However, its height often changes when volcanic material accumulates during eruptions and subsequently collapses. Few volcanoes in the world have an eruption history so thoroughly documented by historical records. Etna’s eruption history dates back as far as 1500 BC. Some two hundred eruptions have been recorded down through the centuries, but compared with other volcanoes, most of its eruptions have so far been fairly light in terms of death and destruction. Only about one hundred deaths have been attributed to the volcano. The mountain hasn't been entirely harmless, however. In 1928, it destroyed the town of Mascali.Over the centuries, Etna’s lowest slopes have been shaped by human hands to take advantage of rich soils for growing grapes, apples and nuts. Local people have also carved out over two hundred caves in the soft rock, and use them for everything from sacred burial places to food storage. Large mammals once wandered the volcano slopes, but today, foxes, wild cats, rabbits and mice are more common. Some of those small mammals help to sustain such big birds as golden eagles.Question 16: What does the speaker say about Mount Etna?Question 17: What do we learn about the lower slopes of Mount Etna?Question 18: What does the speaker say about big birds like golden eagles at Mount Etna?Passage TwoMy name is Brandon Leonard, and I'm an author, magazine writer, filmmaker and publicspeaker. I'm self-employed, which means I work for myself and I do what I love. We have a popular scene in America which goes, “Do what you love, and you'll never work a day in your life.” But I'm here to tell you that instead of focusing on doing what we love, I think we should focus on loving what we do.In my line of work, you’ll hear a lot about talent, which is an idea we mostly invented to give ourselves an excuse to be lazy. Here's why: if you see someone doing something really well, you would say it's because they are talented. You think they are somehow special. You discount the tremendous amount of work they've done to get to where they are.Research has shown that talent is nothing without hard work. I choose to believe in hard work, but not so much in talent. There are no special people, just people who put in enough hard work until something special happens. I can promise you one thing: whatever you choose to do for a career, if you work hard at it, eventually special things will happen. They may not happen as quickly as you'd like them too, and they may turn out to be completely different from the special things you imagined at the beginning, but they will happen.Question 19: What do we learn about the speaker?Question 20: What is the speaker’s advice to his audience?Question 21: What does the speaker say about talent?Passage ThreeA question we often ask others and are also frequently asked by others is “What do you normally do after school or work?”Some commonplace answers are, “Well, I go to the gym.”“Um, I just go home and watch TV.”“I meet my friends for dinner.”or “I just go to bed because it's so late and I’m tired.” Unlike any of these typical responses, I’m proud to say that I love to dance salsa after a long and tiring day of work.Salsa is a kind of dancing that evolved in the mid 1970s in New York. My dancing life began not because I wanted to do it, but because my mother was sick and tired of seeing me running around after school doing nothing. So she enrolled me into a ballet course when I was six. I fell in love with it instantly and continued with ballet dancing for about ten years.Then, I left my native country of New Zealand to start my career as an English teacher, which eventually brought my dancing life to a halt. It wasn't until I rediscovered salsa in a lovely studio while working in Asia that I renewed my passion for dancing. Since then, I have been trying to attend dancing classes twice a week after work. It's a great way for me to relieve stress and pressure and dance my way towards feeling energetic and happy again.Question 22: What does the speaker say about the dance, salsa?Question 23: Why did the speakers’ mother enroll her in a ballet course?Question 24: When did the speaker’s dancing life come to a halt?Question 25: In what way has salsa dancing benefited the speaker?。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
The strange death of the salutation邮件问候语最好不要省Last week a friend asked me a question I should have been able to answer straight away.上周,有位朋友问了我一个问题,我本该能够立刻回答他的。
Because it was close to the end of the UK tax year on April 5, he had to write a grovelling letter to Her Majesty’s Revenue & Customs.英国纳税年度于4月5日终止,由于终止日临近,他不得不向英国税务海关总署(HMRC)写了一封低声下气的信。
He had no way of knowing which tax official would see the letter, but he was sure the document should be faultlessly polite, which is why he asked: “Should I start it with ‘To Whom It May Concern’? Or does no one write that any more?”他无从得知哪位税务官员会看到这封信,但他确信这封信应该十分礼貌、让人挑不出一点错,所以他才会问:“我该用‘敬启者’(To Whom It May Concern)开头吗?还是已经没人这样写了?”At first I thought of telling him: goest ahead with thy ye olde salutation. Using it might suggest he was of a certain age, and hopelessly past it, modern life-wise - but for tax office purposes this could be a good thing.起初我想告诉他:就用你那个古早的问候语吧。
2019年06月英语四级听力真题(二)
2019年06月英语四级听力真题College English Test Band 4大学英语考试(四级)PART II Listening Comprehension第二部分:听力考试Section A Directions:A 部分In this section, you will hear three news reports, at the end of each news report, you will heartwo or three questions. Both the news reports and the questions will be spoken only once.考试说明:在这一部分,你将听到三篇新闻报道。
每篇新闻的结尾,会有两到三个问题。
新闻和问题只读一遍。
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.听到问题后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Then, mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.然后在答题纸1上相应的字母中间划上横线(涂满)。
News report 1新闻一France is facing potentially more than one billion dollars in lost revenue this year, due to huge declines in tourism.由于旅游业的大幅下滑,法国今年可能面临超过10亿美元的收入损失。
Safety concerns have been one of the biggest reasons why the country has lost over half abillion in revenue already in the first six months of 2016.在2016年的前六个月里,安全问题已成为该国损失超过5亿美元收入的最大原因之一。
新闻英语智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下中南大学
新闻英语智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下中南大学中南大学绪论单元测试1.News is something that we come across every day in our life.答案:对2.Learning English through news is a bad way to improve your language ability.答案:错3.By dictating daily updated news, you can improve your listening skills,grammar, and vocabulary.答案:对4.Many English newspapers and news websites have ( ). These make iteasy to read English news anytime, anywhere.答案:Apps5.The course consists of () chapters.答案:8第一章测试1.Dictating English news can help you improve your listening skills.答案:对2.News is information about current events.答案:对3.Which one of these is not British Newspaper?答案:The New York Times 《纽约时报》4.Which one of these is not newspaper?答案:The Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》5.Which one of these is not a commonly recognized news value?答案:Fraud(欺诈)第二章测试1.What can "Downing Street" and "White House" refer to?答案:British government and American government.2.In what kinds of news are passive sentences frequently used?答案:All of the above.3.In the sentence "...Hosack embodies the greatest impulses of the youngnation--reverence for science, compassion for his fellow citizens anddevotion to the civic life of the republic", what rhetorical devices are used?答案:Parallelism and metaphor.4.Normally, a story consists of three parts: introduction or background, factsand climax.答案:对5.What are the disadvantages of the inverted pyramid form?答案:Readers cannot find suspense and loose interest for the climax comesfirst.;The standardized structure of makes the news lack of variety;The repetition of the important information makes the news boring andtedious.第三章测试1.We can find _______ in the Washington Post and the Guardian, but not in ChinaDaily.答案:both Obituaries and Crosswords.2.The hyphen in the headline, “Little Anti-US Feeling——Diplomat" , stands for_______.答案:said by3.Delayed lead includes _________.答案:suspense lead ;direct address lead ;descriptive lead ;question lead4.In the section of _______ in China Daily there is a subsection of cartoons.答案:Opinion5.When do skim reading, we ______.答案:read the first and last sentences of every paragraph;search for thevisual and verbal signs;raise questions while reading;think activelywhile reading第四章测试1.What are the main methods to understand the long sentence?答案:Identify the subject and predicate. ; Distinguish other modifiers. ; Make clear which modifies the predicate.2.The person whose voice is quoted is an important source.答案:对3.The comment from a reader online “I don't know how much more a rationalperson watching and listening to this fool can take. If anything - ever - called for application of the 25 Amendment, this meeting today was it.” gives a(n) ______ attitude toward Trump’s inauguration at a cabinet meeting.答案:negative4.What are the questions to ask to find the opinion of the news journalist?答案:Who does the article hurt?;What are not mentioned among 5W1H?;Who does the article help?;What if the missing part was mentioned?5.Finding what is omitted but worth of mentioning is a way to find the opinionof the reporter.对第五章测试1.The falling tone in the news broadcast can show that the report is real,objective and serious.答案:对2.What elements might appear in disaster news?(多选)答案:The rescue.;The casualties.;The damages.3.Which is NOT the nick name for New York?答案:The Big City4.Backgrounds in news appear in different forms, they can be phrases, clauses,sentences, or even paragraphs.对5.In the inverted pyramid structure, the most important information is put atthe very beginning.答案:对第六章测试1.What are the three kinds of quotations? (多选)答案:Indirect quotation.;Direct quotation.;Partial quotation.2.Which of the following shows the right number for the word?答案:fortnight: 143.What can the approximate equality sign (≈) mean in note-taking?答案:about4.What can the sign of a star mean in note-taking?答案:important5."A powerful cyclone has hit eastern India, downing trees and power lines andcausing widespread damage in coastal areas. " What predictions can youmake from the lead? (多选答案:The casualties.;The rescue and relief efforts.;The intensity of thecyclone.;The damage caused by the cyclone.第七章测试1.In a straight news report, the most important information in the story isalways put___答案:up to the top2. A Commentary is usually a piece of___ writing.答案:argumentative3.The specific source is some kind_______ to well proof your viewpoint.答案:silent opinion4. The goal of creating social media messages is not only to reach youraudience, to share contents and emotions with others, but also to achieve an intended effect and to reflect the _________ of their author.答案:unique voice5. In 1979, the Pulitzer Prize Board established a category for a distinguishedexample for feature writing, that is “giving prime consideration to highliterary quality and originality.”答案:对第八章测试1.Which one of the following is not true?答案:Ask sensitive questions at the last minute of an interview.2.Which one of the following about retelling is not true?答案:Add your own opinion while retelling.3.The best evaluations are a combination of praise, areas for improvement, andspecific suggestions.答案:对4.Which of the following is not true about open question?答案:Television and radio interviews usually end with an open question.5.The focus of a profile interview is a person rather than an event or situation.答案:对。
山东省聊城市英语中考试卷与参考答案(2024年)
2024年山东省聊城市英语中考复习试卷与参考答案一、听力部分(本大题有20小题,每小题1分,共20分)1、Question: Listen to the following conversation between two friends and answer the question.What is the main topic of their conversation?A. Planning a tripB. Discussing a movieC. Reviewing a bookD. Preparing for an examAnswer: DExplanation: The conversation starts with the friend asking about the other’s exam preparation. The rest of the conversation revolves around their study plans and strategies, indicating that the main topic is about preparing for an exam.2、Question: Listen to the following dialogue and choose the best answer to the question.Who is the man talking to?A. A teacherB. A friendC. A studentD. A parentAnswer: CExplanation: The man in the dialogue is discussing his upcoming exam with the other person. The use of phrases like “I’m worried about my test,” “Could you give me some tips?” and “What should I focus on?” indicates that the man is speaking to a student who is also concerned about the exam.3.You will hear a conversation between two friends, Alex and Sarah, discussing their weekend plans. Listen and answer the question.What activity does Sarah suggest they do together?A. Go to a movie.B. Attend a music festival.C. Take a hiking trip.Answer: BExplanation: In the c onversation, Sarah mentions that she heard there’s a music festival happening nearby this weekend and asks Alex if they want to go together. This indicates that she suggests attending the music festival.4.Listen to a short passage about the importance of exercise. After hearing the passage, answer the question.Which of the following is a benefit of regular exercise mentioned in the passage?A. Improved memory and cognitive skills.B. Reduced stress levels.C. Increased risk of injury.Answer: BExplanation: The passage discusses the various benefits of regular exercise. It specifically mentions that exercise can help reduce stress levels, which is one of the positive effects of physical activity. The other options are not mentioned in the passage.5.You will hear a conversation between two friends discussing their plans for the weekend. Listen and choose the best answer to the following question: What activity does the woman suggest they do together?A. Go to the movies.B. Visit a museum.C. Have a picnic.D. Go shopping.Answer: CExplanation: In the conversation, the woman says, “I was thinking we could have a picnic in the park. How does that sound?” This indicates that she suggests having a picnic together.6.Listen to a short news report about a new study on climate change. Answer the following question:What is the main finding of the study?A. The temperature is expected to rise by 2 degrees Celsius.B. The polar ice caps are melting at an alarming rate.C. The number of hurricanes has increased significantly.D. Cities around the world are experiencing more frequent heatwaves.Answer: BExplanation: The news report mentions, “According to the new study, the polar ice caps are melting at an alarming rate, which could lead to rising sea levels a nd extreme weather events.” This indicates that the main finding of the study is the rapid melting of polar ice caps.7.You will hear a short conversation between two friends. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: What does the woman suggest they do for their weekend trip?A) Go to the beachB) Visit a museumC) Take a hike in the mountainsD) Stay at homeAnswer: C) Take a hike in the mountainsExplanation: The woman mentions that she heard there are some great hiking trails in the mountains nearby, which implies that she suggests taking a hike as their weekend activity.8.You will hear a short dialogue between a student and a teacher. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: What is the main reason the student is asking for an extension on the assignment?A) They are not feeling wellB) They are working on a school projectC) They have been busy with family issuesD) They need more time to research the topicAnswer: D) They need more time to research the topicExplanation: The student explains that they have been unable to find enough information on the topic and need more time to complete the research for their assignment. This indicates that the main reason for the extension request is the need for more time to research.9.Listen to the conversation between two friends at a bookstore and answer the question.Question: What does the man recommend the woman read?A. A novel about cooking.B. A book on art history.C. A science fiction novel.D. A guidebook about traveling.Answer: BExplanation: The man says, “You should definitely check out this book on art history. It’s really fascinating.”10.Listen to the short dialogue and answer the question.Question: Why is the woman not able to join the man for lunch?A. She has a meeting with her boss.B. She is attending a conference.C. She is running late for an appointment.D. She is feeling unwell.Answer: CExplanation: The woman explains, “I’m sorry, but I can’t join you for lunch. I have to run to my appointment before it’s too late.”11.You will hear a short conversation between two friends discussing their weekend plans. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the question that follows.Question: What does the woman plan to do on Saturday morning?A. Go shopping.B. Visit a museum.C. Take a walk in the park.D. Stay home and relax.Answer: B. Visit a museum.Explanation: The woman mentions that she has a free Saturday and wants to do something cultural. She then says, “I think I’ll go visit the museum,” which indicates her plan for the morning.12.Listen to a short interview with a local chef who is discussing his new restaurant. Answer the question that follows based on the information you hear.Question: What is the chef’s favorite ingredient in his dishes?A. Garlic.B. Olive oil.C. Spices.D. Seafood.Answer: C. Spices.Explanation: The chef is asked about his signature dish, and he explains, “The key to it all is the blend of spices that we use. I’ve been perfecting the recipe for years.” This indicates that spices are a c entral element in his cooking.13.You will hear a conversation between two friends at a bookstore. Listen to the conversation and answer the question.What does the woman suggest the man read next?A) A science fiction novelB) A history bookC) A mystery novelD) A romance novelAnswer: C) A mystery novelExplanation: The woman recommends a mystery novel because she mentions that she enjoys reading thrillers and thinks the man would like it too.14.You will hear a short passage about the benefits of exercise. Listen to the passage and answer the question.Which of the following benefits of exercise is NOT mentioned in the passage?A)Improved cardiovascular healthB)Increased energy levelsC)Enhanced cognitive abilitiesD)Weight lossAnswer: C) Enhanced cognitive abilitiesExplanation: While the passage discusses the physical benefits of exercise, such as improved cardiovascular health and increased energy levels, it does not specifically mention enhanced cognitive abilities. Weight loss is also mentioned as a potential benefit.15.You will hear a conversation between two friends. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: What are the two friends discussing?A. Their favorite movies.B. Their upcoming vacation.C. Their new pets.D. Their study plans.Answer: BExplanation: The two friends are discussing their upcoming vacation plans, which is why the correct answer is B. They mention places they want to visit and activities they want to do.16.You will hear a short passage about the importance of exercise. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: According to the passage, what is the main benefit of regular exercise?A. Improved memory.B. Faster weight loss.C. Increased energy levels.D. Better sleep quality.Answer: CExplanation: The passage states that regular exercise can lead to increased energy levels, which is the main benefit mentioned. The other options are not directly mentioned as benefits of regular exercise in the passage.17.You will hear a conversation between two friends discussing their weekend plans. Listen carefully and answer the question.What activity does the girl want to do on Saturday?A)Go shoppingB)Visit a museumC)Take a hikeD)Attend a concertAnswer: C) Take a hikeExplanation: The girl mentions that she has always wanted to go hiking and that it would be a good opportunity to enjoy the outdoors. She suggests that they go hiking on Saturday.18.Listen to a short dialogue between a student and a teacher discussing the assignment for the next class.How should the student submit their assignment?A)By emailB)In classC)On the school websiteD)In a sealed envelopeAnswer: A) By emailExplanation: The teacher informs the student that the assignment should be submitted by email by the end of the day. This is the most convenient method mentioned in the dialogue.19.You will hear a conversation between two friends about their weekend plans. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to each question.A. Where are they going for their weekend trip?B. How do they feel about the weather for their trip?C. What are they doing on Saturday afternoon?1.A) to the beach2.B) excited3.C) visiting a museumAnswer: 1. A, 2. B, 3. CExplanation: In the conversation, the friends mention going to the beach, feeling excited about the trip, and visiting a museum on Saturday afternoon.20.Listen to a short passage about the benefits of exercise. Answer the following question.What is one of the main benefits of regular exercise mentioned in the passage?A. It helps improve memory.B. It can reduce stress.C. It is good for heart health.Answer: BExplanation: The passage states that regular exercise can reduce stress, which is one of the main benefits mentioned. The other options are also benefits of exercise but not the main focus of the passage.二、阅读理解(30分)Reading ComprehensionPassage:The following is an excerpt from a travel article about the beautiful city of Paris, France.Paris, known as the “City of Light,” is a vibrant and historic city that has captivated travelers for centuries. Its romantic atmosphere, stunning architecture, and rich culture make it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in art, history, and culinary delights.One of the most iconic landmarks in Paris is the Eiffel Tower. Standing at a height of 324 meters, it is the tallest structure in the city and one of the most recognizable symbols of France. The Eiffel Tower was constructed for the 1889 Exposition Universelle (World’s Fair) and has since become an enduring symbol of Paris and a global icon of modern architecture.Another famous attraction is the Louvre Muse um, which is the world’s largest art museum. It houses an extensive collection of works from ancientcivilizations to the 19th century, including the Mona Lisa, a painting by Leonardo da Vinci that has intrigued viewers for centuries.Paris is also renowned for its exquisite cuisine. From the famous French pastries like croissants and macarons to the rich and flavorful dishes like coq au vin and escargots, the city offers a wide array of culinary delights. Visitors can explore the local markets and street food vendors, or dine at one of the many fine restaurants that dot the city.The Seine River runs through the heart of Paris and offers stunning views of the city’s landmarks. A leisurely boat ride along the river is a perfect way to relax and take in the beauty of the city.Questions:1.What is the Eiffel Tower known as in English?A) The Tower of LoveB) The City of LightC) The Tower of ParisD) The Icon of Modern Architecture2.What is the Louvre Museum known for?A) It is the tallest structure in Paris.B) It is the world’s largest art museum.C) It serves the best croissants in the city.D) It is located on the Seine River.3.What is one activity that visitors can enjoy on the Seine River?A) Visiting the Louvre MuseumB) Riding a roller coasterC) Taking a leisurely boat rideD) Hiking through the city parksAnswers:1.D) The Icon of Modern Architecture2.B) It is the world’s largest art museum.3.C) Taking a leisurely boat ride三、完型填空(15分)Task 3: Cloze TestRead the following passage and choose the best word for each blank from the options given.The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. It has become an indispensable part of our daily lives, but along with its benefits, it also brings certain challenges. For instance, the internet has led to an [1] in the amount of time people spend online, which has [2] concerns about its impact on physical and mental health.Online activities such as social media and video games are [3] to be engaging and entertaining. However, excessive use of these platforms can lead to negative consequences. One major issue is the [4] of screen time, which can cause eye strain, sleep disorders, and other health problems. Moreover, the constant exposure to online content can contribute to [5], as individuals may become moreabsorbed in virtual worlds than in real-life interactions.1.a) increaseb) decreasec) fluctuationd) stabilization2.a) raisedb) diminishedc) resolvedd) ignored3.a) knownb) suspectedc) believedd) proven4.a) reductionb) expansionc) controld) increase5.a) lazinessb) addictionc) distractiond) fatigueAnswers:1.a) increase2.a) raised3.a) known4.d) increase5.b) addiction四、语法填空题(本大题有10小题,每小题1分,共10分)1、He_______(be) in the library when you called him yesterday.A. wasB. isC. areD. been答案:A解析:根据句意,我们需要用过去时态,表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。
大学英语四级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷264(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷264(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled There Is No End to Learning by commenting on the famous saying, “Education is not complete with graduation.” You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. There Is No End to Learning 正确答案:There Is No End to Learning A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they graduate from their schools. Obviously, they fail to take into account the basic fact that there is no end to learning. First of all, it is universally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before he or she becomes an educated person. Furthermore, as a famous saying goes, education is not complete with graduation. A college degree can never ensure long-term job success. Maintaining success in a job depends on education after graduation. Most importantly, learning is rewarding both materially and spiritually by enriching our life and perfecting our personality. In a word, learning is an invaluable career worth our life-long pursuit. No one should be content with just high school or college education.解析:这是一篇分析型论说文,要求结合“教育不能随毕业而结束。
FREQUENTLYASKEDQUESTIONSABOUTTHEDROUGHT
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT THE DROUGHTJune 2015WHY AM I BEING REQUIRED TO CONSERVE WATER?Governor Brown has issued a series of executive orders in response to California’s ongoing drought, most recently, on April 1, 2015, establishing a state‐wide mandatory conservation target to reduce urban potable water use by 25%. The Governor’s action was in response to unprecedented drought conditions that have caused below average rainfall, record low water levels in state water reservoirs and historically low snowpack levels recorded in the Sierra Nevada mountain range.IF THE TARGET IS 25%, WHY ARE WE BEING ASKED TO SAVE 28%?The State Water Resources Control Board (“State Water Board”) on May 5, 2015, adopted emergency regulations requiring all water suppliers to cut their potable water use based on each supplier’s average residential per‐capita use recorded from July through September 2013. Areas with high per‐capita‐use are required to achieve greater reductions than areas with low use. Beginning on June 1, 2015 and for the first time in the history of California, mandatory water conservation restrictions are in place.While the state‐wide reduction target is 25%, the State Water Board has ordered Fontana Water Company to reduce water use by 28% beginning in June 2015 through February 2016.In accordance with California Public Utility Commission (“CPUC”) Resolution W‐5041 dated May 7, 2015, Fontana Water Company is ordered to comply with the State Water Board restrictions, update its Water Shortage Contingency Plan and activate the Plan’s Stage 2 Water Shortage condition.WHAT’S THE POINT?The state‐wide emergency regulations will remain in effect through February 2016 and help us stretch out and protect our supplies in the event the drought continues into a fifth year.WHAT ARE THE CURRENT RESTRICTIONS?The State Water Board has imposed the following water use restrictions for everyone:a. No runoff allowed onto driveways, sidewalks, etc. when irrigating landscapes withpotable water.b. Hoses must have an automatic shutoff nozzle to wash cars and other vehicles.c. Residents must not use potable water to wash down driveways and sidewalks.d. Residents must not use potable water in decorative fountains that do not recirculate.e. No outdoor watering during and within 48 hours following measurable rainfall.f. Restaurants are not to serve water to customers unless the customer requests it.g. Hotels/motels must ask guests to re‐use towels and linens.h. Homeowners must fix leaks within 72 hours after being notified.ARE THESE THE ONLY RESTRICTIONS?No. Additional restrictions ordered by the State Water Board include:a.Potable water cannot be used to irrigate ornamental turf on public street medians.b.Potable water for outside landscapes of new homes and buildings cannot be usedunless the irrigation system complies with outdoor irrigation efficiency standardsadopted by the State’s Building Standards Commission.DOES FONTANA WATER COMPANY HAVE A PLAN FOR DEALING WITH THE DROUGHT?Yes. The Company’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan has four progressively restrictive Staged Water Shortage Conditions designed to achieve conservation targets set by the CPUC or government agency. The Company is proposing to activate the Plan’s Stage 2 Water Shortage condition which we believe is needed to achieve the water use restrictions required by the State Water Board and CPUC. Based on the level of conservation achieved, we may request authorization to move to a higher or lower Stage in the future.WHAT ARE THE CONSERVATION MEASURES INCLUDED IN STAGE 2?Fontana Water Company’s Stage 2 Water Shortage restrictions includes the following:a.Watering or irrigating lawns, landscapes or other vegetated areas with potable water islimited to the following two days per week, unless your city or the county designates different days:i.Street addresses ending in 0,2,4,6, or 8: Monday and Wednesdayii.All other street addresses: Tuesday and Thursdayb.No watering between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.c.Limits water duration to no more than 10 minutes of watering per day per station.d.Stage 2 watering restrictions do not apply to landscapes that exclusively use low flowdrip type irrigation systems.e.Irrigating landscapes by use of a hand‐held bucket or hand‐held hose equipped with apositive closing shut‐off nozzle or device is permissible.IS THIS PLAN GOING TO COST CUSTOMERS MORE MONEY?The Company’s Stage 2 water plan includes a surcharge and penalties for violations of the rules. If approved by the CPUC, residential customers on the existing conservation rate will be charged a Drought Emergency Surcharge.a.The first 20 CCF (about 500 gallons per day or 15,000 gallons per month) are notsubject to the surcharge.b.Above 20 CCF, a surcharge of approximately $2.88 per CCF will be added to the existingtop tier conservation rate.c.All other customers will pay a 10% Drought Emergency Surcharge on their total waterusage.HOW WILL WATER USE VIOLATIONS BE ENFORCED?When the Company becomes aware of violations of water use restrictions, we will first contact the property owner to notify them that the unauthorized use must stop. The Company’s intent is to educate customers and help them to eliminate water waste and provide assistance, when possible, to achieve compliance with the mandatory restrictions. We will report violations of prohibited uses discovered by our employees or private citizens to City or County authorities. We expect local authorities to give out warnings and only issue penalties for water use violations to property owners for continued non‐compliance.CAN I REVIEW FONTANA WATER COMPANY’S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN (RULE NO. 14.1) AND THE PLAN’S STAGE 2 SURCHARGES AND PENALTIES (SCHEDULE NO. 14.1)?These documents are available on our web site at . From the Home page, click on the “Tariffs/Rates” tab and then click on the “Advice Letters” Tab. Then click on Advice Letter 464‐A to review Schedule No. 14.1 or Advice Letter 463 to review Rule No. 14.1. Or you can call the water company at (909) 822‐2201 to request copies of both documents.WHAT HAPPENS TO THE MONEY COLLECTED BY SURCHARGES AND PENALTIES? The CPUC will determine at a later date how the money will be used. Fontana Water Company will track all funds collected in a special account. One possible use of the funds would be to help offset the cost of running the conservation and enforcement programs.IF I USE LESS THAN 20 CCF IN A MONTH, CAN I SAVE (BANK) THAT SHORTFALL TO AVOID OR REDUCE SURCHARGES IN A SUBSEQUENT MONTH?No. Similar to the billing for residential conservation tiered rates, each month’s billing is independent. We expect that your water usage will decrease during the fall and winter months compared to summer usage. This pattern of usage between summer and winter months was taken into consideration when selecting the threshold level of 20 CCF/month (about 15,000 gallons per month) for assessing the Drought Emergency Surcharge.WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I WITNESS A VIOLATION OF THE WATER RESTRICTIONS? If you see a neighbor wasting water and are comfortable discussing with him or her in a constructive non‐confrontational manner, please do so. If you see your local government or a local business wasting water, report it to them. Many times, the problem is simply a lack of awareness. If you do not feel comfortable doing this, or if you have done so and the unauthorized use continues, please report the violation to your local authorities or to us. Documentation such as photographs will assist us or your local authorities in addressing the unauthorized use of water with the customer.CAN I REQUEST AN APPEAL OR VARIANCE FROM PROVISIONS OF THE WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN?Yes. Customers may file an appeal by notifying Fontana Water Company in writing explaining the reason for requesting a variance for exceptional circumstances, which include water uses needed for public health and safety. Please refer to the appeal procedure described in Section F of Rule No. 14.1 ‐ Water Shortage Contingency Plan.HOW CAN MY LIMITED WATER USAGE HELP SOLVE SUCH A LARGE STATE‐WIDE CRISIS?You cannot solve the problem alone, but your efforts, combined with those of millions of other individuals and businesses, will make a difference.ARE ONLY RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS LIKE ME BEING ASKED TO CUT WATER USAGE?No. All Californians are required to conserve including cities, schools, golf courses, restaurants, hotels, and other commercial and industrial water users. We’re trying to tailor our conservation actions to the different types of customers. For example, we don’t want to pre‐determine how cuts in water usage should be achieved by certain commercial and industrial users as this could cost people their jobs and permanently damage the state’s economy. We are working with businesses to help them use water more efficiently and to reduce non‐essential uses of water.I CAN’T CUT MY WATER USAGE. MY CITY OR HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION OR NEIGHBORS DEMAND THAT I KEEP MY FRONT LAWN GREEN AND MY BUSHES AND TREES ALIVE.Times have changed and green lawns may soon become obsolete if the water situation does not improve. People use more water than they realize and more water than is actually needed to maintain landscaping. Simple changes can reduce water usage without a noticeable impact on your quality of life. We are in a drought emergency and all Californians are asked to conserve water.In addition, Fontana Water Company’s Conservation Staff can help individuals or homeowners associations find ways to reduce landscape water use.I LIVE IN AN APARTMENT BUILDING OR TRAILER PARK AND AM NOT A DIRECT CUSTOMER OF THE WATER COMPANY. DO THESE RESTRICTIONS AFFECT ME? Yes. Everyone must help resolve this water crisis, even if you do not pay directly for water yourself. The prohibited uses apply to everyone. Check for leaks in your bathrooms, such as constantly running toilets and drips at the tub, shower, and sink faucets. Wash full loads of dishes and clothes; and take shorter showers. Everyone can and should do their part to conserve.I AM A LANDLORD OR TRAILER PARK OWNER AND PAY THE WATER BILL, BUT I DON’T LIVE AT THE RESIDENCE. HOW CAN I GET RESIDENTS TO USE LESS WATER?The first step is to speak with them to make sure they understand the crisis we’re in. You can also ask us to perform water audits at the residences to check for leaks or inefficient water‐using appliances. Finally, you can let them know that if they do not limit their water use and you are assessed Drought Surcharges, you will have to pass these costs on to them in the form of increased rental charges.I AM ON A LIMITED BUDGET AND CAN’T AFFORD TO PAY DROUGHT SURCHARGES OR TO PAY TO FIX LEAKS OR TO BUY MORE WATER‐EFFICIENT APPLIANCES.If you haven’t already signed up for our CARW (low‐income assistance) program, we can help you do that. We can also give you our free conservation kits and perform a free water audit of your home. Minor fixes and minor changes in activity can sometimes save a lot of water and significantly reduce your water bill. Reducing the water you use for outdoor landscaping can generate big savings. Fixing leaky toilets will quickly pay for itself. These steps can help you minimize or stay below the usage level that triggers the Drought Emergency Surcharge.WHY SHOULD WE CONSERVE WATER WHEN THE WATER COMPANY WILL JUST RAISE ITS RATES IF WE DO?Fontana Water Company’s rates are reviewed and approved by the CPUC. The Company works hard to provide its customers with water service at the lowest cost possible. As water sales decrease, many costs do not go away and therefore rates may go up. However, by conserving water, you will reduce your water bill even if rates are increased. If you don’t conserve, your water bill will increase especially if you exceed the 20 CCF water usage level (about 15,000 gallons per month) at which point the drought surcharge is added to the top tier conservation rate.ARE THESE RESTRICTIONS PERMANENT?The state‐wide emergency drought regulations will remain in effect through February 2016. While we can look forward to additional winter storms to boost storage in our reservoirs and groundwater basins, it will need to rain and snow heavily, possibly over several years, to get us back to normal. If the drought worsens, additional restrictions may be necessary. Certainly when the drought ends, we can ease back the restrictions now in place.WHAT SPECIFICALLY CAN I DO TO CONSERVE WATER?Most water is used outside the home for landscaping. Leaks inside the home are another major cause of water waste. Contact the Company for a water audit and other suggestions. We provide free conservation kits and may be able to point you to available rebates from cities and water wholesalers that help defer the costs of water‐saving appliances and landscaping.ARE REBATES AVAILABLE FOR WATER SAVING DEVICES AND REMOVAL OF TURF?Yes, in some cases. Please visit for more information or call 888‐376‐3314.ARE HIGH EFFICIENCY TOILET REBATES AVAILABLE?No, but we have a high efficiency toilet delivery program. Please call 866‐308‐8391 for more information.CAN I DRAIN AND REFILL MY IN‐GROUND POOL BEFORE THE DROUGHT IS OVER? Yes. Please be mindful that we are in a drought. It is greatly appreciated if you could refill your pool on an as needed basis. The amount of water needed to refill your pool along with your typical water use will likely place you well above the Drought Emergency Surcharge level and greatly increase your water bill.。
E英语教程第三册Unit 3翻译及课后答案
3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional
Language.
(Sample) Situation 1 A and B are close friends. A has forgotten B’s birthday since he / she has been very busy recently.
Conversation 1 - Making apologies & responses
3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional
Conversation 1 - Making apologies & responses Role play - Sample conversation Situation 1 Jack: Mike: Hello, buddy! Hi, Jack. You didn’t show up at my birthday party last Friday. What? Your birthday was last Friday? Yes. I expected you to come over to celebrate with me. I called you several times, but you didn’t pick up your phone. I do beg your pardon for forgetting your birthday.
2016年6月六级模拟考试题
2016年6月六级模拟考试题大学英语六级考试(CET 6)(恩波英语研究所命题)COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST—Band Six —试题册(130分钟)恩波英语模考试卷-PartⅠWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “Life is 10% of what happens to you and 90% of how you react to it.” You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain how you will react to your life.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) How to invest money in the stock market.B) How to carry out reasonable investment.C) How to set clear goals for the future.D) How to get rich in a day.2. A) Making a saving plan.B) Setting up a bank account.C) Setting clear investing goals.D) Knowing clearly why to invest.3. A) Knowing the importance of investment.B) Knowing the different kinds of investments.C) Knowing the risks and potential rewards of the products.D) Knowing the sum of investments.4. A) It has up times as well as down times.B) It is a good place to invest.C) It is a place full of expectations.D) It has more up times than down times.Conversation TwoQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) The curiosity to know the causes of people s behavior.B) The factors that influence people s decision.C) The motives for people s behavior.D) The consequences of people s bad behavior.6. A) When the reason is obvious.B) When the behavior could have negative effects.C) When people s behavior is illegal.D) When the behavior is unexpected.7. A) Her car is badly damaged by the driver.B) The driver is totally drunk and over speed.C) The drivers behavior is beyond control.D) He seems not to be focused enough.8. A) We ourselves take the responsibility.B) We find fault with other people.C) We blame it for external factors.D) We complain about our personal problems.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) They make students overly dependent on search engines.B) They weaken students ability to study on their own.C) They make students easily distracted.D) They improve students research habits and skills.10. A) They help them become more creative.B) They draw their attention to online learning.C) They make their learning more convenient.D) They help them know more information.11. A) Doing research online.B) Using the Internet tools.C) Judging online information.D) Obtaining online information.12. A) Saving too much money for students.B) Saving too much time for students.C) Making students unwilling to work hard to find answers.D) Making students addicted to online information.Passage TwoQuestions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13. A) They didn t like to work now.B) They only did physical work.C) They only did mental jobs now.D) They often work in a factory or on a farm.14. A) Workers have to update their knowledge.B) Colleagues will get connected in new ways.C) Employees are forced to work longer.D) Personal life will be badly disturbed.15. A) They want to keep down the cost of employees medical care.B) They don t allow the employees to call in sick.C) They care about the employees physical condition.D) They want to gather information about employees.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Lecture/Talk OneNow listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.16. A) The questionnaire.B) The television camera.C) The ceiling hung mirror.D) The eye movement recorder.17. A) Products placed at the beginning of an aisle.B) Products placed at the center of an aisle.C) Products placed at eye level of the center of an aisle.D) Products placed at the end of an aisle.18. A) At the beginning of an aisle. B) At the center of an aisle.C) At eye level of an aisle. D) At the end of an aisle.19. A) Hidden television cameras can trace shoppers eye movement.B) Manufacturers pay a lot for the shelf areas known in the trade as hot spots.C) The ends of the aisles are known as Gondola ends.D) The shelves at the checkout are a favorite for manufacturers of chocolates.Lecture/Talk TwoNow listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.20. A) Because it has its own list of symptoms and triggers that set it off.B) Because there are many things that can cause chronic stress.C) Because it can affect a person s health and lead to depression if not treated properly.D) Because people who suffer from it cannot see anything good about their work.21. A) Making changes in life.B) Talking to your families.C) Squeezing stress balls.D) Exercising.22. A) There are altogether three kinds of stress, acute, episodic and chronic.B) One stress symptom is constantly worrying about things beyond one s control.C) T een stress is one of leading causes of suicide among teenagers.D) Stress balls can help because the squeezing motion seems to provide an outlet for the stress inside.Lecture/Talk ThreeNow listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.23. A) 13%. B) 21%.C) 26%. D) 28%.24. A) Animal testing.B) River and sea pollution.C) Forest destruction.D) Recycling.25. A) Politicians may be seriously misjudging the public mood by claiming that environmentalism is yesterday s issue.B) Being financially better off has made shoppers more sensitive to buying green products.C) “Pale green” consumers tend to buy green products if they see them.D) The image of green consumerism used to be associated with the more eccentric members of society.Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They 26 needed supplies of highly trained personnel to 27 a concept of development based on modernization. But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training.In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special “return” programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1, 600 28 scientists and technicians to return to Latin America.In the 1980s and 1990s, “temporary return”programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel 29 strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program s Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain from these countries may well increase in 30 to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.Recent studies 31 that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highlyqualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a 32 there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give 33 to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions,instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad; they must introduce 34 administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is35 to continue.A) forecastB) flexibleC) neutrallyD) preferenceE) detachF)boundG)implementH)consequenceI)qualifiedJ)dismissingK)resultL)occupyingM)urgentlyN)skepticalO)responseSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.A) Stuart Brown, A Texas s psychiatrist, interviewed 26convicted murderers and discovered that most of the killers shared two things in common: they were from abusive families, and they never played as kids.B) Brown did not know which factor was more important. But for years, he has interviewed some 6,000 people about their childhoods, and his data suggest that a lack of opportunities for unstructured play, which is critical for coping with stress and building cognitive skills such as problem solving, can keep children from growing into happy, well adjusted adults. Research into animal behaviour confirms play s benefits and its evolutionary importance: play may provide animals (including humans) with skills that will help them survive and reproduce.C) A handful of studies support Brown s conviction that a play deprived childhood disrupts normal social emotional and cognitive development in humans and animals. Brown and other psychologists worry that limiting free play in kids may result in a generation of anxious, unhappy and socially inadaptable adults. But it is never too late to start: play also promotes the continued mental and physical well being of adults.D) But kids play soccer and Scrabble(一种拼字游戏)—why are experts concerned that these games and more structured activities are eating into free play? “Certainly games with rules are fun and sources of learning experiences—they may foster group cohesion, for instance,”saysAnthony D. Pellegrini, an educational psychologist at the University of Minnesota. But, Pel legrini explains, “games have priori(先验的) rules—set up in advance and followed. Play, on the other hand, does not have priori rules, so it affords more creative responses.”E) Creativity is key because it challenges the developing brainmore than following predetermined rules does. The child initiates and creates free play. In bee play, kids use their imagination and try out new activities and roles. It might involve fantasies—such as pretending to be doctors or princesses or playing house or it might include mock fighting, as when kids (primarily boys) wrestle and tumble with one another for fun, switching roles periodically. And free play is most similar to play seen in the animal kingdom suggesting that it has important evolutionary roots. F) How do these seemingly pointless activities benefit kids? Perhaps most crucially, play appears to help us develop strong social skills. Children learn to be fair and take turns—they cannot always demand to be the fairy queen, or soon they have no playmates. Because kids enjoy the activity, they do not give up as easily in the face of frustration as they might on, say, a maths problem—which helps them develop persistence and negotiating abilities.G) Keeping things friendly requires a fair bit of communication—arguably the most valuable social skill of all. Playing with peers is the most important in this regard. Studies show that children use more sophisticated language when playing with other children than when playing with adults.H) Does play help children become socialised? Studies suggest that it does. According to a 1997 study of children living in poverty and at high risk of school failure, published by the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, kids who enrolled in play oriented preschools are more socially adjusted later in life than are kids who attended play free preschools where they were constantly instructed by teachers. By age 23, more than one third of kids who had attended instruction oriented preschools had been arrested for a serious crime as compared with fewer thanone tenth of the kids who had been in play oriented preschools. And as adults, fewer than 7% of the play oriented preschool attendees had ever been suspended from work but more than a quarter of the directly instructed kids had.I) Research suggests that play is also critical for emotional health, possibly because it helps kids work through anxiety and stress. In a 1984 study published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers assessed the anxiety levels of 74 three and four year old children on their first day of preschool as indicated by their behaviour—whether they pleaded, cried and begged their parents to stay—and how much their palms were sweating. Based on the researchers observations, they labelled each child as either anxious or not anxious. They then randomly split the 74 kids into four groups. Half of the kids were escorted to rooms full of toys, where they played either alone or with peers for 15 minutes; the other half were told to sit at a small table either alone or with peers and listen to a teacher tell a story for 15 minutes.J) Afterwards, the kids levels of distress were assessed again. The anxiety levels of the anxious kids who had played had dropped by more than twice as much as compared with the anxious kids who had listened to the story. (The kids who were not anxious to begin with stayed about the same.) Interestingly, those who played alone calmed down more than the ones who played with peers. The researchers speculate that through imaginative play, which is most easily initiated alone, children build fantasies that help them cope with difficult situations.K) Play fighting also improves problem solving. According to a paper published by Pellegrini in 1989, the more elementary school boys engaged in rough housing(喧嚣的游戏或打闹), thebetter they scored on a test of social problem solving. During the test, researchers presented kids with five pictures of a child trying to get a toy from a peer and five pictures of a child trying to avoid being scolded by his mother. The subjects were then asked to come up with as many possible solutions to each social problem while their score was based on the variety of strategies they mentioned, and children who play fought regularly tended to score much better.L) Playing also appears to help with language development, according to a 2007 study in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. Researchers at the University of Washington gave a box of toy blocks to children from middle and low income families aged 18 months to two and a half years. Parents of these kids, as well as patents of a similar group of kids who had no blocks, kept track of how often the children played. After six months, the kids who had played with blocks scored significantly higher on language tests than the others did. The researchers are not sure, however, whether these improvements resulted from playing with blocks—because by playing with blocks, the youngsters were spending less time in unproductive activities(徒劳无益的活动) such as watching television—but the end result was good for them in any case.M) If play is so crucial, what happens to children who are not playing enough? Ultimately, no one knows. Studies on rats indicates that play drive comes from the brain stem, a structure that precedes the evolution of mammals(哺乳动物).N) Of course, many parents today believe they are acting in their kids best interests when they sacrifice free play for what they see as valuable learning activities. Some mothers and fathers may also hesitate to let their kids play outside unattended,and they may worry about the possibility of the scrapes and broken bones, says Sergio M. Pellis, a behavioural neuroscientist at the University of Lethbridge in Alberta. Although those instincts are natura l, protecting kids “simply defrays(支付) those dear costs to later, when those same children will have difficulty in dealin g with an unpredictable, complex world,” Pellis says.O) Parents should let children be children—not just because it should be fun to be a child but because denying youth s joys keeps kids from developing into inquisitive, creative creatures, Elking warns. “Play has to be reframed and seen not as an opposite to work but rather as a complement,”he says. “Curiosity, imagination and creativ ity are like muscles: if you don t use them, you lose them.”36. For children who live in poverty and at high risk of school failure, the lack of unstructured play in childhood proves to hinder their socialisation.37. According to Anthony D. Pellegrini, free play which must be initiated in a relaxed setting essentially has no clear goal.38. Elkind holds that play and work fulfill complementary roles instead of contradicting each other.39. Research into animal behaviour finds that play probably has evolved and persisted because it grants survival advantages.40. Comparing with listening to stories, play can help the anxious children release pressure more effectively.41. According to a paper by Pellegrini in 1989, rough play, in some sense, was conductive to problem solving.42. Compared with free play, games which require predetermined rules tend to restrain one s creativity.43. Parents will defray dear costs for overprotecting their kids if the kids grow into socially inadaptable adult.44. Brown s study indicates that children are prone to grow into maladjusted adults if they are deprived in childhood of free play.45. Studies on rats suggest that both humans and animals are born with the motivation for play. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Well to do parents are increasingly opting to send their children to single sex prep schools, reversing the trend of recent years. Last week, Michael Gove told us that we needed to promote a Dangerous Book for Boys culture so that boys could be boys again. At the beginning of this month, it (re )emerged that there were far fewer male teachers in primary schools to act as role models.Underlying this is anxiety about achievement, recent Department for Education figures show that nearly double the number of boys failed to reach expected standards at seven. The gender gap is more than 10 points in English at 11. Behaviour is a worry too. Boys are three and a half times more likely to be excluded, and the figure is worse still if you are a working class or black boy. Today s answer to the problem seems to be single sex schools. Yet debates about their value are both age old and decidedly unresolved. Proponents(倡导者)argue that keeping boys together allows them to expel their “boyish”energy more freely—ensuring they are in line and on task. Girls are said tobenefit too, with more support to build self confidence.But there is also evidence in the other direction. A report commissioned by the Headmasters and Headmistresses conference, which represents top private schools, shows that single sex schools make little difference to outcomes. What s more, arguing that Eton is a good school because it only admits boys is like saying Wayne Rooney is a good footballer because he wears a nice kit—one does not necessarily lead to the other.In practice, the single sex question is a distraction from what really matters. It sounds obvious, but boys (and girls)will do better if they are taught better by teachers who understand their individual needs. That means skilled practitioners(从业者)using the curriculum creatively to engage and excite every single child in front of them—regardless of their gender. And, incidentally, male and female teachers have equal capacity to get this right.Of course this is hard, and I can say I fell short many times. But just by introducing a gender control on the group isn t going to make it any easier. What about the girl who likes active learning or the boy who is shy?I am not sure they would get a fair deal if our teaching is framed by gender behaviours (whatever they may be). In any case, we want kids to be able to excel in response to all learning environments—not just the ones they are comfortable in. So let girls be boisterous(活跃的), and boys self reflect. And let them learn together, taught by the best teachers we can find.46. What s the trend of recent years according to the passage?A) More rich parents choose single sex education for their kids.B) Male teachers enjoy increasing popularity among parents.C) Boys from working class start to catch up with girls instudy.D) Many people send their children to mixed sex prep schools.47. What s supporters argument for single sex schools?A) There exists no gender gap in these schools.B) They are beneficial to both boys and girls.C) Boys gain more confidence in boy schools.D) They help girls achieve their full potential.48. The example of Wayne Rooney is used to show that .A) single sex education does not necessarily make boys successfulB) sports gear is extremely important in an athlete s achievementC) boys tend to make greater progress once they go to boy schoolsD) good single sex schools can solve boys behavioural problems49. According to the author, what really matters in children s education?A) The gender of teachers. B) Teachers character.C) Individualized teaching. D) The curriculum set by schools.50. What does the author suggest parents do to girls who like active learning?A) Send them to a class with stern teachers.B) Separate them from active boys in school.C) Try to teach them how to behave themselves.D) Find them teachers that can meet their needs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Consultant Ushma Pandya is on the road for much of the year.So when she travels, the New Yorker takes a number of steps to keep her carbon footprint small. Pandya, 33, packs light (thus, theoretically, saving airplane fuel), stays at major hotels with well articulated green policies, rents small or hybrid cars, turns off the heat or air conditioning when she leaves her hotel room and writes notes to make sure the hotel staff keeps it off, brings her own toiletries in refillable bottles. “I m always careful about the amount of waste I generate,” she says.Pandya s actions are admirable. But do they make her a sustainable traveler?That depends on whom you ask. Ecotourism groups say that only responsible nature travel meets their criteria. Advocates of “sustainable tourism”say it s not a matter of destination but of giving back to the local community and culture. Meanwhile, hotels that do little more than leave guests sheets and towels unwashed proclaim themselves stewards of the environment. “A lot of people w ant to use terms like “ecotourism”, because it s cool and hip now, and that s created confusion,”says Ayako Ezaki, director of communications for The International Ecotourism Society (TIES), which defines ecotourism as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well being of local people.”This fall, her organization will help unveil new global criteria for sustainable travel, to keep green washing at bay.For years the idea of eco friendly travel was linked with trekking(徒步旅行)through wilderness and diving with sea turtles in exotic locations. Today a hotel in Times Square is just as likely to call itself green as a lodge in the Costa Rican rain forest. “Green travel has gone from a trend to a part of mainstream consu mer and corporate culture,”says Brian Mullis, president ofBoulder, Colo. based Sustainable Travel International. As eco friendly travel has grown morepopular—78 percent of Americans consider themselves environmentally conscious, according to a 2007 survey by the Travel Industry Association—some organizations worry that its meaning is being watered down.In October, 20 groups, including TIES, the UN Foundation and the Rainforest Alliance, will release a new standard for the term “sustainable tourism.”A dra ft of the criteria, posted at sustainable tourism /doc/074486691.html , mandates that sustainable travel companies maximize benefits to the local population and culture through their businesses and take steps to remain carbon neutral. “The challenge with the word ‘green’is it tends to be limited only to environmental aspects of travel,”says Ronald Sanabria of Rainforest Alliance. To Kate Dodson, deputy director of sustainable development at the UN Foundation, a trip to Washington, D. C., would be sustainable if one patronized(光顾)local businesses, including farmers markets and craft boutiques, stayed at an energy efficient hotel that took steps to benefit the local community, took public transit and went for a hike at Rock Creek Park.Next Christmas, Rachel and Eric Ellerman of Milwaukee will travel to Hawaii, where they ll stay at local B&Bs, hike and relax by the beach. Is their trip eco friendly?Yes. But that s not how they think of it. “We ve never called it eco traveling,”says Rachel, 30. “Our typical trip is a lot of backpacking and camping. We enjoy nature, and we think that that s how we really relax, by getting away from it all.”Perhaps that s the best definition of all.51. According to the first paragraph, why does UshmaPandya take a number of steps?A) Because they are required by her company.B) Because she wants to protect the environment.C) Because she wants to save money.D) Because she is excessively concerned for neatness.52. What might ecotourism groups think about Ushma Pandya s travel experience?A) It is positive but not sustainable travel.B) It is respectable but irresponsible for natural protection.C) It deserves credit but is far from being low carbon.D) It is valuable but not encouraging enough to be green travel.53. According to Brian Mullis, ecotourism has .A) created more confusion among peopleB) unveiled the criteria for sustainable travelC) failed to protect the environmentD) integrated into main stream consumer and corporate culture54. What kind of travel is sustainable according to Kate Dodson?A) One of maximum economic profits and limited damage to the local environment.B) One of minimum impact on the local ecosystem.C) One of benefiting the local community, conserving resources and keeping close to nature.D) One of participating in activities of local environmental groups.55. According to the author, the best definition of ecotourism is that ecotourism is .A) responsible for the environment of relatively undisturbed。
新视角研究生英语读写2第一单元省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖PPT课件
15/59
Unit 1: Structure of the text
Text Outline
3/59
Unit 1: Reading comprehension
3. In paragraphs 5–7, what does the author use an imaginary class to show us?
Reference
The author uses an imaginary class to show us the inadequacy of the lecture system.
A true story told by Robert A. Fowkes about how a professor taught a class.
13/59
Unit 1: Structure of the text
Text Outline
2. Body (Paras. 3–14)
3.
Disadvantages of lectures awnhdy_t_h_e_y_e_x_i_s_t____.
7/59
Unit 1: Reading comprehension
7. In what way do most students learn best?
Reference
Most students learn best by engaging in frequent and even heated debate.
2004年6月英语六级真题
2004年6月英语六级真题Part I Listening Comprehension(20minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear10short conversations.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversationand the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be apause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at2in the afternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”is the correct answer.You should choose[D]on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through1.A)Dick's trousers don't match his jacket.B)Dick looks funny in that yellow jacket.C)The color of Dick's jacket is too dark.D)Dick has bad taste in clothes.2.A)Call the police station.C)Show the man her family pictures.B)Get the wallet for the man.D)Ask to see the man's driver's license.3.A)The temperature is not as high as the man claims.B)The room will get cool if the man opens the windows.C)She is following instructions not to use the air-conditioning.D)She is afraid the new epidemic SARS will soon spread all over town.4.A)She lost a lot of weight in two years.B)She stopped exercising two years ago.C)She had a unique way of staying healthy.D)She was never persistent in anything she did.5.A)The man is not suitable for the position.B)The job has been given to someone else.C)She had received only one application letter.D)The application arrived a week earlier than expected.6.A)He's unwilling to fetch the laundry.B)He has already picked up the laundry.C)He will go before the laundry is closed.D)He thinks his mother should get the clothes back.7.A)At a shopping center.C)At an international trade fair.B)At an electronics company.D)At a DVD counter in a music store.8.A)The woman hated the man talking throughout the movie.B)The woman saw a comedy instead of a horror movie.C)The woman prefers light movies before sleep.D)The woman regrets going to the movie.9.A)He is the fight man to get the job done.B)He is a man with professional expertise.C)He is not easy to get along with.D)He is not likely to get the job.10.A)It is being forced out of the entertainment industry.B)It should change its concept of operation.C)It should revolutionize its technology.D)It is a very good place to relax.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear3short passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions11to13are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A)He set up the first university in America.B)He was one of the earliest settlers in America.C)He can best represent the spirit of early America.D)He was the most distinguished diplomat in American history.12.A)He provided Washington with a lot of money.B)He persuaded France to support Washington.C)He served as a general in Washington's army.D)He represented Washington in negotiations with Britain.13.A)As one of the greatest American scholars.B)As one of America's most ingenious inventors.C)As one of the founding fathers of the United States.D)As one of the most famous activists for human rights.Passage TwoQuestions14to17are based on the passage you have just heard.14.A)Because we might be offered a dish of insects.B)Because nothing but freshly cooked insects are servedC)Because some yuppies like to horrify guests with insects as food.D)Because we might meet many successful executives in the media industry.15.A)From yuppie clubs.C)In the supermarket.B)In the seafood market.D)On the Internet.16.A)It's easy to prepare.C)It's exotic in appearance.B)It's tasty and healthful.D)It's safe to eat.17.A)It will be consumed by more and more young people.B)It will become the first course at dinner parties.C)It will have to be changed to suit local tastes.D)It is unlikely to be enjoyed by most People.Passage ThreeQuestions18to20are based on the passage you have just heard.18.A)Their business hours are limited.B)Their safety measures are inadequate.C)Their banking procedures are complicated.D)They don't have enough service windows.19.A)People who are in the habit of switching from one bank to another.B)Young people who are fond of modern technology.C)Young people who are wealthy and well-educated.D)People who have computers at home.20.A)To compete for customers.B)To reduce the size of their staff.C)To provide services for distant clients.D)To expand their operations at a lower cost.听力录音下载:/Part II Reading Comprehension(35minutes)Directions:There are4passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions21to25are based on the following passage.It was the worst tragedy in maritime(航海的)history,six times more deadly than the Titanic.When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes(鱼雷)fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II,more than10,000people-mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany-were packed aboard.An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down.Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard.Most people froze immediately.Tll never forget the screams,"says Christa Ntitzmann,87, one of the1,200survivors.She recalls watching the ship,brightly lit,slipping into its dark grave -and into seeming nothingness,rarely mentioned for more than half a century.Now Germany's Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000dead,including more than4,000children-with his latest novel Crab Walk,publishedlast month.The book,which will be out in English next year,doesn't dwell on the sinking;its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later:"Nobody wanted to hear about it,not here in the West(of Germany)and not at all in the East."The reason was obvious.As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche:"Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant,we didn't have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings.''The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable-and necessary.By unreservedly owning up to their country's monstrous crimes in the Second World War,Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad,marginalize(使...不得势)the neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors.Today's unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long,troubled history.For that,a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay.But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they'ye now earned the right to discuss the full historical record.Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims,but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.21.Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was the worst tragedy inmaritime history?A)It was attacked by Russian torpedoes.B)Most of its passengers were frozen to death.C)Its victims were mostly women and children.D)It caused the largest number of casualties.22.Hundreds of families dropped into the sea whenA)a strong ice storm tilted the shipB)the cruise ship sank all of a suddenC)the badly damaged ship leaned toward one sideD)the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats23.The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked about for more than half a century becauseGermansA)were eager to win international acceptanceB)felt guilty for their crimes in World War IIC)ad been pressured to keep silent about itD)were afraid of offending their neighbors24.How does Gunter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy?A)By presenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attack.B)By describing the ship's sinking in great detail.C)By giving an interview to the weekly Die Woche.D)By depicting the survival of a young pregnant woman.25.It can be learned from the passage that Germans no longer think thatA)they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedyB)the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for the nation's past misdeedsC)Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World War IID)it is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other countriesPassage TwoQuestions26to30are based on the following passage.Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools,it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say'about their school experience.In one study of400adul who had achieved distinction in all areas of life,researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school.Few MacArthur Prize fellows,winners of the MacArthur Award for creative accomplishment,had good things to say about their precollegiate schooling if they had not been placed in advanced programs.Anecdotal(名人轶事) reports support this.Pablo Picasso,Charles Darwin,Mark Twain,Oliver Goldsmith,and William Butler Yeats all disliked school.So did Winston Churchill,who almost failed out of Harrow,an elite British school.About Oliver Goldsmith,one of his teachers remarked,"Never was so dull a boy."Often these children realize that they know more than their teachers,and their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant,inattentive,or unmotivated.Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their,gifts we re not scholastic.Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way.But most fared poorly i n school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest.Yeats described the lack of fit between his mind and school:" Because I had found it difficult to attend to anything less interesting than my own though ts,I was difficult to teach."As noted earlier,gifted children of all kinds tend to be stron g-willed nonconformists.Nonconformity and stubbornness(and Yeats's level of arrogance a nd self-absorption)are likely to lead to Conflicts with teachers.When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the de velopment of their abilities,they are far more likely to mention their families than their s chools or teachers.A writing prodigy(神童)studied by David Feldman and Lynn Goldsm ith was taught far more about writing by his journalist father than his English teacher.Hi gh-IQ children,in Australia studied by Miraca Gross had much more positive feelings abo ut their families than their schools.About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say about school.They all did well in school and took honors classes when available,and some skipped grades.26.The main point the author is making about schools is thatA)they should satisfy the needs of students from different family backgroundsB)they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented studentsC)they should organize their classes according to the students'abilityD)they should enroll as many gifted students as possible27.The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmith's teachersA)to provide support for his argumentB)to illustrate the strong will of some gifted childrenC)to explain how dull students can also be successfulD)to show how poor Oliver's performance was at school28.Pablo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children whoA)paid no attention to their teachers in classB)contradicted their teachers much too oftenC)could not cope with their studies at school successfullyD)behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers29.Many gifted people attributed their success.A)mainly to parental help and their education at homeB)both to school instruction and to their parents'coachingC)more to their parents'encouragement than to school trainingD)less to their systematic education than to their talent30.The root cause of many gifted students having bad memories of their school years is thatA)their nonconformity brought them a lot of troubleB)they were seldom praised by their teachersC)school courses failed to inspire or motivate themD)teachers were usually far stricter than their parentsPassage ThreeQuestions31to35are based on the following passage,When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives,we usually think about the Federal agents.But the private sector outdoes the government every time.It's Linda Tripp,not the FBI,who is facing charges under Maryland's laws against secret telephone taping.It's our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service(IRS),that pass our private financial data to telemarketing fin'ms.Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will.As an example of what's going on,consider U.S.Bancorp,which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota.According to the lawsuit,the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names,,ph'one numbers, bank-account and credit-card numbers,Social Security numbers,account balances and credit limits.With these customer lists in hand,MemberWorks started dialing for dollars-selling dental plans,videogames,computer software and other products and services.Customers who accepted a "free trial offer"had,30days to cancel.If the deadline passed,they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts.U.S.Bancorp collected a share of the revenues.Customers were doubly deceived,the lawsuit claims.They.didn't know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks.And if customers asked,they were led to think the answer was no.The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptive selling.Thecompany de'hies that it did anything wrong.For its part,U.S.Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes.But it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms.A few top banks decided to do the same.Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms.And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products, including things of little value,such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans.You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit.For example,no federal law shields"transaction and experience"information-mainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts.Social Security numbers are for sale by private fa'ms.They've generally agreed not to sell to the public.But to businesses,the numbers are an open book.Selfregulation doesn't work.A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy,but who enforces it?Take U.S.Bancorp again.Customers were told,in writing,that"all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential."Then it sold your data to MemberWorks.The bank even claims that it doesn't"sell"your data at all.It merely"shares"it and reaps a profit.Now you know.31.Contrary to popular belief,the author finds that spying on people's privacyA)is mainly carried out by means of secret tapingB)has been intensified with the help of the IRSC)is practiced exclusively by the FBID)is more prevalent in business circles32.We know from the passage thatA)legislators are acting to pass a law to provide better privacy protectionB)most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices of private businessesC)the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to protect private informationD)lawmakers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire into customers'buyinghabits33.When the"free trial"deadline is over,you'll be charged without notice for a product or serviceifA)you fail to cancel it within the specified periodB)you happen to reveal your credit card numberC)you find the product or service unsatisfactoryD)you fail to apply for extension of the deadline34.Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank accounts as private becauseA)its revelation will do no harm to consumers under the current protection policyB)it is considered"transaction and experience"information unprotected by lawC)it has always been considered an open secret by the general publicD)its sale can be brought under control through self-regulation35.We can infer from the passage thatA)banks will have to change their ways of doing businessB)privacy protection laws will soon be enforcedC)consumers'privacy will continue to be invadedD)"free trial"practice will eventually be bannedPassage FourQuestions36to40are based on the following passage.It's hardly news that the immigration system is a mess.Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border with fake papers,and visitors who arrive in the U.S.legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished.But since Sept.11,it's become clear that terrorists have been shrewdly factoring the weaknesses of our system into their plans.In addition to their mastery of forging passports,at least three of the19Sept.11hijackers(劫机者)were here on expired visas.That's been a safe bet until now.The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)(移民归化局)lacks the resources,and apparently the inclination,to keep track of the estimated2million foreigners who have intentionally overstayed their welcome.But this laxness(马虎)toward immigration fraud may be about to change.Congress has already taken some modest steps.The U.S.A.Patriot Act,passed in the wake of the Sept.11 tragedy,requires the FBI,the Justice Department,the State Department and the INS to share more data,which will make it easier to stop watch-listed terrorists at the border.But what's really needed,critics say,is even tougher laws and more resources aimed at tightening up border security.Reformers are calling for a rollback of rules that hinder law enforcement.They also want the INS to hire hundreds more border patrol agents and investigators to keep illegal immigrants out and to track them down once they're here.Reformers also want to see the INS set up a database to monitor whether visa holders actually leave the country when they are required to.All these proposed changes were part of a new border-security bill that passed the House of Representatives but died in the Senate last week.Before Sept.11,legislation of this kind had been blocked by two powerful lobbies:universities,which rely on tuition from foreign students who could be kept out by the new law,and business,which relies on foreigners for cheap labor.Since the attacks,they've backed off.The bill would have passed this time but for congressional maneuverings and is expected to be reintroduced and to pass next year.Also on the agenda for next year:a proposal,backed by some influential law-makers,to split the INS into two agencies-a good cop that would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers and a bad cop that would concentrate on border inspections,deportation and other functions.One reason for the division,supporters say,is that the INS has in recent years become too focused on serving tourists and immigrants.After the Sept.l1tragedy,the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans who rely on the nation's border security to protect them from terrorist attacks.36.Terrorists have obviously taken advantage ofA)the legal privileges granted to foreignersB)the excessive hospitality of the American peopleC)the irresponsibility of the officials at border checkpointsD)the low efficiency of the Immigration and Naturalization Service37.We learn from the passage that coordinated efforts will be made by various ernmentagencies toA)refuse the renewing of expired visasB)ward off terrorist suspects at the borderC)prevent the forgery of immigration papersD).limit the number Of immigrants to the U.S.38.It can be inferred from the passage that before Sept.11,aliens with expired visasA)might have them extended without troubleB)would be closely watched by FBI agentsC)might stay on for as long as[hey wishedD)would live in constant fear of deportation39.It is believed by many that all these years the INSA)has been serving two contradictory functionsB)has been too liberal in granting visas to tourists and immigrants indiscriminatelyC)has over-emphasized its service functions at the expense of the nation's securityD)has ignored the pleas of the two powerful lobbies40.Before Sept.11,the U.S.Congress had been unable to pass stricter immigration laws becauseA)they might have kept away foreign students and cheap laborB)it was difficult to coordinate the efforts of the congressmenC)education and business circles cared little about national securityD)resources were not available for their enforcementPart III Vocabulary(20minutes)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Choose the ONE answer that best completes thesentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the centre.41.It is generally known that New York is a city for and a center for odd bits of information.A)veterans C)pedestriansB)victims D)eccentrics42.High grades are supposed to academic ability,but John's actual performance did not confirm this.A)certify C)classifyB)clarify D)notify43.In spite of the,it seemed that many of the invited guests would still show up.A)deviation C)controversyB)distinction D)comparison44.The relatives of those killed in the crash got together to seekA)premium C)repaymentB)compensation D)refund45.At first everything went well with the project but recently we have had a number ofwith the machinery.A)disturbances C)outputsB)setbacks D)distortions46.He tried to hide his patch by sweeping his hair over to one side.A)barren C)baldB)bare D)bleak47.The old couple now still for their beloved son,30years after his death.A)cherish C)immerseB)groan D)mourn48.Coffee is the of this district and brings local farmers a lot of money.A)majority C)spiceB)staple D)elite49.Before we move,we should______some of the old furniture,so that we can have moreroom in the new house.A)discard C)cancelB)dissipate D)conceal50.You cannot imagine how I feel with my duties sometimes.A)overflowed C)overwhelmedB)overthrown D)overturned51.Anyone not paying the registration fee by the end of this month will be to have withdrawn from the program.A)contemplated C)acknowledgedB)deemed D)anticipated52.Although he was on a diet,the delicious food him enormously.A)distracted C)inspiredB)stimulated D)tempted t53.The police are trying to what really happened.A)ascertain C)avertB)assert D)ascribe54.Hesaid that ending the agreement would the future of small or family-run shops,lead to fewerbooks being published and increase prices of all but a few bestsellers.A)venture C)jeopardizeB)expose D)legalize55.As we know,computers are used to store and information efficiently.A)reclaim C)reassureB)reconcile D)retrieve56.His illness first itself as severe stomach pains and headaches.A)expressed C)reflectedB)manifested D)displayed57.The they felt for each other was obvious to everyone who saw them.A)affection C)sensibilityB)adherence D)sensitivity58.When construction can begin depends on how soon the of the route is completed.A)conviction C)orientationB)identity D)survey59.The government a heavy tax on tobacco,which aroused opposition from the tobacco industry.A)pronounced C)compliedB)imposed D)prescribed60.Years after the accident he was still by images of death and destruction.A)twisted C)hauntedB)dipped D)submerged61.The boxer and almost fell when his opponent hit him.A)staggered C)scatteredB)shattered D)stamped62.In mountainous regions,much of the snow that falls is into ice.A)dispersed C)compiledB)embodied D)compacted63.These continual in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A)transitions C)exchangesB)transformations D)fluctuations64.The post-World War II baby resulted in a43percent increase in the number of teenagers in the1960s and1970s.A)boost C)productionB)boom D)prosperity65.Elisabeth did not enter the museum at once,but______in the courtyard.A)resided C)lingeredB)dwelled D)delayed66.Henry went through the documents again carefully for fear of any important data.A)relaying C)deletingB)overlooking D)revealing67.The bank is offering a to anyone who can give information about the robbery.A)reward C)prizeB)bonus D)compliment68.It is a(n)________that the French eat so much rich food and yet have a relatively low rate ofheart disease.A)analogy C)correlationB)paradox D)illusion69.For many years the Japanese have the car market.A)presided C)operatedB)occupied D)dominated70.The subject of safety must be placed at the top of the________.A)agenda C)routineB)bulletin D)timetablePart IV Error Correction(15minutes)Directions:This part consists of a short passage.In this passage,there are altogether10mistakes, one in each numbered line.You may have to change a word,add a word or delete aword.Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.If youchange a word,cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank.Ifyou add a word,put an insertion mark(∧)in the right place and write the missingword in the blank.If you delete a word,cross it out and put a slash(/)in the blank.Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods. 1.time/times/period Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature. 2./___________As a school subject are valid for∧study of television. 3.the___________Culture refers to the social heritage of a people-the learnedpatterns for thinking,feeling and acting that characterize apopulation or society,include the expression of these pattems in S1.__________ material things.Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture-S2.__________ abstract creations like values,beliefs,customs and institutionalarrangements-and material culture-physical object like S3.__________ cooking pots,computers and bathtubs.In sum,culture reflects S4.__________。
广东省湛江市雷州市第二中学2024-2025学年高一上学期10月月考英语试题
广东省湛江市雷州市第二中学2024-2025学年高一上学期10月月考英语试题一、阅读理解The following list focuses on the top 4 not-to-be-missed world-class parks, helping tourists better explore the city of Atlanta.Centennial Olympic ParkCreated for the 1996 Olympics, this park is well worth a visit. Visitors can be entertained by free music and lots of public art. Photography lovers should take advantage of all the photo opportunities the park affords. One of the big draws especially for children in summer is the fountains. Sometimes there are free concerts and movies in the park. Overnight campgrounds are offered.Chattahooche Nature CenterVisitors can begin their exploration at the Discovery Center, where they can see Atlanta from the top. There’s also a river boardwalk crossing the wetland area. Besides effortless and short-distance hiking paths, there is a variety of native wildlife as well. Don’t miss Wildlife Walk, where visitors can enjoy close and personal views of native animals and plants.Chastain Memorial Park and AmphitheatreApart from the running and walking roads, there’re also tennis courts and fields for playing ball games. Looking for a spot to host a family get-together? This could be an ideal place as there`re many pavilions(亭子)available. Kids can play on the special playgrounds. Of course, there is an amphitheater, which hosts outdoor concerts during summer.Cloudland Canyon(峡谷)State ParkFeaturing a beautiful canyon, this park is one of the largest and most scenic parks in Atlanta. At the bottom of the canyon are two waterfalls, where visitors can watch the water run over the sandstone. There are several different hiking paths around the park, but some may take several hours. If you’d like to stay overnight, there are regular camp places.1.What do Centennial Olympic Park and Cloudland Canyon State Park have in common?A.They offer campsites.B.They have beautiful fountains.C.They host photo exhibitions regularly.D.They are equipped with top tennis courts. 2.What can a tourist do in Chattahooche Nature Center?A.Interact with rare animals.B.Have a bird view of the city.C.Take challenging hiking routes.D.Row a boat across the wetland.3.Which is the best place for people to have a family party?A.Centennial Olympic Park.B.Chattahooche Nature Center.C.Chastain Memorial Park and Amphitheatre.D.Cloudland Canyon State Park.Natural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning.The surface of the Earth has not always looked as it does today; it is moving continuously and has done so for billions of years. This is one cause of earthquakes, when one section of the Earth (tectonic plate) crashes with another. Scientists can predict where (but not when) this might happen and the area between p lates is called a fault line. However, earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines, which is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable.V olcanoes happen where the earth’s crust (地壳) is thin — lava (熔岩), dust and gases burst out from beneath the earth. They can rise into a massive cone (锥体) shape — like a mountain — and erupt, or they can be so violent that they just explode directly from the earth with no warning. However, scientists are becoming more skilled at predicting volcanic eruptions.Hurricanes are extremely strong storms and often happen in the Caribbean. They cause high winds, huge waves and heavy flooding and can be hundreds of miles across.Floods happen in many countries after very heavy rainfall. When rain pours for weeks at a time, rivers overflow and people and belongings can be trapped or simply washed away.Another kind of natural disaster is a drought. This happens when there is no water — when it doesn’t rain for a long time and rivers dry up. Plants, animals and even humans die as a result of drought, for we all need water to live.All the disasters mentioned above are very dangerous and continue to kill thousands of people each year, but they are nowhere near the most dangerous disaster to ever happen on earth: asteroid (小行星) impacts. About once every million years the Earth is hit by a piece of rock and ice from space large enough to cause massive destruction and sometimes to kill entire species. 4.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.Why an earthquake happens.B.How scientists describe an earthquake.C.When sections of the Earth crash.D.What the surface of the Earth looks like. 5.Which of the following is the most dangerous natural disaster?A.V olcanoes.B.Hurricanes.C.Droughts.D.Asteroid impacts. 6.How many natural disasters are mentioned in the text?A.4.B.5.C.6.D.7.7.How does the author develop the text?A.By expressing opinions.B.By listing examples.C.By telling some stories.D.By describing experiences.I presented a group project to my classmates. The first question asked was, “What words do you associate with rural education?” Some of the responses were positive.Others accurately portrayed a few of the negatives like “isolated” and “underfunded.” But I was surprised that some used words like “hillbillies” and “hicks” (乡巴佬).Previously, I felt proud of myself as a student from rural West Virginia. But at that moment, my pride sank. For a place that claims to welcome all, the Brown University has actually left its rural students feeling looked down upon.For a while, I never mentioned where I called home unless it was absolutely necessary. By the third month of my first year, I was prepared to transfer out of Brown and finish college at a school where I would be surrounded by people like me, people from rural communities. Then I realized that this response was just the one that my tormentors expected.Now I have decided to fight back. We need to change. But this deeply-rooted culture won’t change on its own. The University and its non-rural students can’t and won’t do it. So it is up to us, the rural students, to make a difference. So rural students, talk with your long, drawn-out accent, defend your hometown of hard-working people and condemn (谴责) the ignorance that attempts to deny your personhood. We must uplift other rural students in their academic and professional careers. We must be the ones to support each other.What we need is a club for that exact purpose. A rural students’ collective is the formal meeting place that we need and deserve. In an institution where rural students feel lost and deserted, we will soon find a common ground for each other.For the non-rural students and faculty wondering how to support us, don’t stick to yourstereotypes (刻板印象) that rural students are dumb, ignorant and unintelligent. On the contrary, we are valuable, deserving and hard-working individuals. Brown’s faculty and students should welcome and embrace our contributions.8.How did the writer feel after presenting the group project?A.Frustrated.B.Proud.C.Angry.D.Confused. 9.What group of students does the underlined word “tormentors” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?A.Those who come from rural West Virginia.B.Those who are determined to make a change.C.Those who used words like “hillbillies” and “hicks” in their remarks.D.Those who associated rural education with “isolated” and “underfunded” .10.How does the writer think rural students should fight back?A.They should turn to the college authority for help.B.They should unite and reach out to assist each other.C.They need to setup a special club for all the students.D.They are supposed to avoid speaking with their local accent.11.What message does the writer want to convey?A.Positive attitudes contribute to a harmonious college.B.Discrimination is a common phenomenon in Virginia.C.Rural students in Brown are valuable and deserve respect.D.The Brown University badly needs to adjust its moral education.A new study has found that smiling at London bus drivers increases happiness. The finding feels obvious and unexpected at the same time. The authors of the research, which was conducted by the University of Sussex and others, hope it will lead to “more interaction and kindness on buses”. On the Number 24 bus to Hampstead Heath, Londoners are sceptical. “Bus drivers,” says Liz Hands, a passenger, “are generally annoying.”It might seem improbable that a report on London’s buses could change behaviour. But it has happened before. London’s buses have an underappreciated role in the history of medical science. In the 1940s, a single study of London’s transport workers transformed epidemiology (流行病学), medicine and the way we live now. Every time you go on a run, check your step-count, or take the stairs instead of the lift, you are following a path pioneered by the feet of the workers on London’s buses.In the late 1940s, doctors were worried. Britain, like many rich countries, was suffering from an “epidemic” of heart disease and no one knew why Various hypotheses (假设), such as stress, were suggested; but one thing that was not exercising researchers was exercise. The idea that health and exercise were linked “wasn’t the accepted fact that we know today”, says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge University. Some even felt that “too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”. Miners and farmers who did physical exercise also suffered from various diseases and died young.At this time a young doctor called Jerry Morris started to suspect that the increasing deaths from heart disease might be linked to occupation. He began studying the medical records of 31,000 London transport workers. His findings were breathtaking: conductors, who spent their time running up and down stairs, had an approximately 30% lower possibility of disease than drivers, who sat down all day. Exercise was keeping people alive.Morris’s research was eventually published in 1953, just three years after a study by Richard Doll proving the link between smoking and lung cancer. Morris’s work had consequences both big and small. Morris now also took up exercise, handing his jacket to his daughter and just running. “People thought I was bananas.” Slowly, the rest of the world took off its jacket and followed.12.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A.The former study made much difference.B.Running was regarded as harmful behavior.C.Smiling at drivers can cure passengers’ diseases.D.London passengers can understand bus drivers well.13.What does the underlined part “exercising researchers” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Encouraging researchers to work out.B.Helping with researchers’ inquiry.C.Holding back researchers’ progress.D.Drawing researchers’ attention.14.How did Morris conduct his study on the transport employees?A.By carrying out survey.B.By observing their routines.C.By doing medical examinations.D.By analyzing the medical data.15.What is the best title for the text?A.Smiling and Its Effects on London Bus Drivers.B.The Evolution of London’s Transportation System.C.How London Bus Drivers Led the world to exercise.D.What Londoners Think about Studies on Bus Drivers.We all have times in our lives when we just have too many things to deal with. 16 Well, that’s crazy, because if you get ill then you’re going to be able to do nothing. Here are some ideas to take care of yourself.17 Living with clutter (杂乱) and never being able to find what you need when you need it causes stress. Take time to develop a system and then use it. Instead of keeping all the things you need to do in your head, write them down on a piece of paper.Spend 30 minutes per day on personal development. 18 And negative ones will disappear. If we want to be successful in work and life, we need to develop the habit of feeding our minds in a positive way. So take in good inspiring information.Say no to anything that is not important to you. Give yourself permission to focus on what’s important. Getting the unnecessary, tiresome responsibilities off your schedule will give you more time and space. 19 Take 5minute minibreaks every hour. 20 So no matter how efficiently you work, you should always have your mind relaxed or end up spending time doing other things when you try to keep going hour after hour. Instead, break up each hour by getting up from your chair and walking outside to take a 5minute break.A.Get organized.B.Write a journal entry every day.C.You can’t stay focused all the time.D.Fill your minds with positive thoughts.E.Besides, it will reduce the pressure that you feel.F.As a result, we often forget to look after ourselves.G.Eating healthily is one of the most sensible things you can do for yourself.二、完形填空When light snow began falling, the principal kept a careful eye on the approaching storm. It soon took on qualities of something more terrible. By midday he called the school buses back so the kids could get home safely 21 it was too late.My students gathered their belongings, and felt 22 to be going home early. Then the buses arrived. 23 , the storm suddenly became heavier and it was quickly clear that nobody was going anywhere any time soon. The original plan 24 . Over 300 children got 25 inside the school.As night approached and the storm showed no signs of stopping, we began to feel 26 . What would we feed several hundred children for dinner? Where would they sleep? After every parent was 27 that their children were safe, people who lived close enough to28 the bad weather were called and asked if they could help. Soon, a handful of people29 to travel through the blinding snow, bringing bags of food and blankets. There wasn’t much food, but everything was shared, nobody got hungry and nobody 30 . When night fell, we worked out sleeping arrangements for the kids. 31 by the tension of the day, most of them fell asleep soon on the carpeted floors.32 , the next morning we awoke to find the storm had stopped. With the roads now clear of snow, our students were soon safely on their way home, and all the staff breathed a sigh of 33 . What might have been a(n) 34 had instead resulted in strengthened 35 between the community and our school.21.A.as B.when C.before D.after 22.A.disappointed B.honored C.astonished D.thrilled 23.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Otherwise 24.A.broke down B.broke through C.broke out D.broke in 25.A.engaged B.stuck C.caught D.abandoned 26.A.concerned B.confused C.annoyed D.bored 27.A.convinced B.promised C.informed D.reminded 28.A.avoid B.brave C.escape D.ignore 29.A.attempted B.tended C.managed D.happened30.A.failed B.waited C.opposed D.complained 31.A.Exhausted B.Frightened C.Threatened D.Challenged 32.A.Surely B.Hopefully C.Thankfully D.Strangely 33.A.impatience B.relief C.regret D.surprise 34.A.accident B.intervention C.disaster D.adventure 35.A.feedbacks B.communications C.frictions D.bonds三、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
英语技术写作试题及答案
英语技术写作试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. The term "API" stands for:A. Application Programming InterfaceB. Artificially Programmed IntelligenceC. Advanced Programming InterfaceD. Automated Programming Interface答案:A2. Which of the following is not a common data type in programming?A. IntegerB. StringC. BooleanD. Vector答案:D3. In technical writing, what is the purpose of using the term "shall"?A. To indicate a requirement or obligationB. To suggest a recommendationC. To express a possibilityD. To denote a future action答案:A4. What does the acronym "GUI" refer to in the context of computing?A. Graphical User InterfaceB. Global User InterfaceC. Generalized User InterfaceD. Graphical Unified Interface答案:A5. Which of the following is a correct statement regarding version control in software development?A. It is used to track changes in software over time.B. It is a type of software testing.C. It is a method for encrypting code.D. It is a way to compile code.答案:A6. What is the primary function of a compiler in programming?A. To debug codeB. To execute codeC. To translate code from one language to anotherD. To optimize code for performance答案:C7. In technical documentation, what does "RTFM" commonly stand for?A. Read The Frequently Asked QuestionsB. Read The Full ManualC. Read The File ManuallyD. Read The Final Message答案:B8. Which of the following is a common method for organizing code in a modular fashion?A. LoopingB. RecursionC. EncapsulationD. Inheritance答案:C9. What is the purpose of a "pseudocode" in programming?A. To provide a detailed step-by-step guide for executing codeB. To serve as a preliminary version of code before actual codingC. To act as an encryption for the codeD. To be used as a substitute for actual code in production答案:B10. What does "DRY" stand for in software development?A. Don't Repeat YourselfB. Data Retrieval YieldC. Database Record YieldD. Dynamic Resource Yield答案:A二、填空题(每空2分,共20分)1. The process of converting a high-level code into machine code is known as _______.答案:compilation2. In programming, a _______ is a sequence of characters that is treated as a single unit.答案:string3. The _______ pattern in object-oriented programming is a way to allow a class to be used as a blueprint for creating objects.答案:prototype4. A _______ is a type of software development methodology that emphasizes iterative development.答案:agile5. The _______ is a set of rules that defines how data is formatted, transmitted, and received between software applications.答案:protocol6. In technical writing, the term "should" is used toindicate a _______.答案:recommendation7. The _______ is a type of software that is designed to prevent, detect, and remove malicious software.答案:antivirus8. A _______ is a variable that is declared outside the function and hence belongs to the global scope.答案:global variable9. The _______ is a programming construct that allows you to execute a block of code repeatedly.答案:loop10. In software development, the term "branch" in version control refers to a _______.答案:separate line of development三、简答题(每题10分,共40分)1. Explain the difference between a "bug" and a "feature" in software development.答案:A "bug" is an unintended behavior or error in a software program that causes it to behave incorrectly or crash. A "feature," on the other hand, is a planned and intentional part of the software that provides some functionality or capability to the user.2. What is the significance of documentation in technical writing?答案:Documentation in technical writing is significant as it serves to provide detailed information about a product or system, making it easier for users, developers, and other stakeholders to understand its workings, usage, and maintenance. It is crucial for training, troubleshooting, and future development.3. Describe the role of a software architect in a software development project。
cause effect 因果英语写作
Smoking Often cause fires
Waste money
Cause & Effect
Cause
Tell readers why something happened
Effect
Tell readers the results of something
The Cause/Effect Essay
Let’s look at the following example:
Warm-up Activities
Questions: why are reasons often asked and answered?
Why?
The following are examples:
What is the cause of air pollution?
Cause & Effect Relation
The text as an example
Peer Pressure Since I attend college, I feel more and more peer pressure. While I used to be a top student in senior high school, and was always praised by teachers and envied by peers, now I find there are a lot of talented peers in college and I am temporarily and relatively poor in academic performance. Therefore, I feel that I have changed from a hero to a zero.
烤鸭最初级阅读题目
Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions .For each question there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter.The myth of money measuring self-worth comes up for many men and women when they’re thinking about how much they’re paid for the work they do. As a self- employed clinic doctor, I used to say to myself, “I’m trying to set a fee for my services, but how much am I worth?” My colleagues in private practice are often heard asking themselves and one another the same question. Now it makes me a little shocked to realize how quickly we all measure our self-worth by the amount of money we charge for our work. Perhaps a more appropriate question to ask, if you are self-employed, is one of the following: “What's the going rate?” “What’s a fair amount to charge?” “How much do I need to make?” “How much is right for me to charge?” or even “How much can I tolerate charging without feeling guilty or having an anxiety attack?”Men are, of course, socialized in our culture to measure self-worth by the amount of money they have; women historically tend to rate themselves more according to the success in intimate relationships. But as an increasing number of women have entered the workforce in higher-level positions, they are becoming more and more likely to measure their self-worth by the amount of money they make. So the myth, that money measures self-worth, has become a serious problem for both sexes.1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. It is difficult to measure one’s self-worth and success.B. The reason why we make money is that money can measure our self-worth.C. The more money you have, the more successful you are.C. The myth of money measuring self-worth is held by both sexes.2. Why are women likely to measure their self-worth by how much they’re paid?A. They tend to measure their success through intimate relationships.B. They are becoming more and more sociable.C. More and more women are beginning to have higher and higher salaries.C. They pay more attention to the money they have.3. From the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A .The author is working for himself.B. It is difficult for a self-employed doctor to decide how much to charge.C. Both men and women are measuring their self-worth by the amount of money they earn.D. The author felt guilty because he asked too much from his patients.4. What can we know from the first paragraph?A. People do not know how to measure their self-worth.B. The author often asked himself the question: “How much am I worth?”C. The author’s colleagues care more about money than the quality of their services.D. All doctors know quite well how to measure their services.5. What is the possible title of the passage?A. The Money Myth: Money Measures Self-Worth.B. The Difference Between Men and Women.C. The Self-Employed Doctor and His Women Colleagues.D. Puzzled Doctors.Task 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1What do we talk about when we talk about money? We often think about what we can buy with the money we have, what we can’t buy because we don’t have enough and what we’re planning to buy when we have more. We discuss the careers that bring us money and the expenses that take it away. We talk about our favorite shops and restaurants, the causes we support, the places we’ve been and seen. We share dreams that only money can make real. In short, we talk about everything but money itself. In daily life, money is still a major conversational taboo. This is a shame, because money is at least as interesting as the things it does and buys, and the more you know about it, the more interesting it is.As a financial advisor, I’ve seen hundreds of people learn to control their money instead of letting it control them and watched as they increased their freedom, power and security by handling money consciously. Wouldn’t you like to know that you’ll always have enough money to live exactly as you want to?You’ll never be powerful in life until you’re powerful over your own money. Talking openly about it is the first step.6. Which of the following is NOT discussed when we talk about money?A. The careers that bring us money.B. The causes we support.C. The dreams that only money can make real.D. Money itself.7. What can we know from the second paragraph?A. We should know more about money itself rather than avoid talking about it.B. Money itself can interest us and bring us happiness.C. The more money we earn, the more we should know about it.D. It is a shame that people talk too much about money.8. What does the writer want to say in the third paragraph?A. People should learn how to make money.B. People should know the value of money.C. People should learn how to control their money.D. People should know how to use money to increase their power.9. The writer’s advice is that .A. the more you talk about money, the more you can control itB. we should learn to be a good master of our money if we want to be powerful in lifeC. we should not be so worried about money if we want to have a free lifeD. the more money you have, the more powerful you are10. What will he writer probably talk about after the last paragraph?A. The importance of money.B. Money, power and security.C. The other steps for people to control money.D. The steps for people to make money.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Frequently Asked Questions About Volcanoes andVolcanologistsQ: Can scientists really anticipate volcanic eruptions?A: Yes, in many cases, but most reliably only for volcanoes that have been studied geologically. By studying deposits of rock and ash formed by past events, volcanologists can reconstruct the history of a volcano inconsiderable detail. This allows them to make general forecasts about future activity, because the past is often, though not always, a good guide to the future. For example, USGS scientists who studied Mount St. Helens during the 1970's recognized that, for thousands of years, it had been the most active and explosive volcano in the entire Cascade Range. On that basis, they forecast that Mount St. Helens might be the next Cascade volcano to erupt, possibly before the year 2000. In 1980, their detective work paid off when the volcano erupted for the first time in 123 years.Q: Are specific predictions of an eruption's time, place, and character possible?A: In some cases the answer is yes, but specific predictions require more and different kinds of information. Using seismometers and other sensitivemonitoring instruments, USGS scientists are keeping an eye on more than three dozen dangerous volcanoes in the western United States. At the first sign of trouble they'll intensify their monitoring efforts. Taking the pulse ofa restless volcano in this way allows scientists to refine their assessmentof hazards and make increasingly specific statements about future activity, including the time, location, and type of activity expected.For example, USGS scientists correctly predicted days in advance more thana dozen dome-building eruptions at Mount St. Helens during 1980-1986. In1991, an accurate prediction of the largest eruption on Earth in almost 80 years saved thousands of lives and millions of dollars worth of property near Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines.Q: How does the USGS provide eruption warnings?A: The USGS warning system varies depending on the nature and proximity of volcanic hazards to surrounding communities or aircraft. Before a crisis starts, we provide hazards-zone maps and other information about thefrequency of eruptions and extent of specific hazards to public officials, land-use planners, and emergency-management agencies. The USGS works with the Federal Aviation Administration and National Weather Service to provide airline pilots with timely information about hazardous volcanic ash clouds.When communities are at risk, scientists give hazards information directly to public officials to help them make decisions about land-use or evacuations.Unlike the movie, warnings are delivered only after a thorough analysis of all existing information and careful consultation among members of the USGS response team. Our goal is always to keep natural processes from becoming natural disasters.Q: How many active volcanoes are there in the United States?A: There are about 65 volcanoes in the United States that scientists consider active. Most of these are located in Alaska, where eruptions occur virtually every year. The others are located in the Cascade Range (Washington, Oregon, northern California), or in Hawaii on the islands of Hawaii and Maui. Kilauea volcano in Hawaii is one of the most active volcanoes on Earth. It has been erupting almost continuously since 1983!Q: How many active volcanoes are there on Earth?A: There are about 1500 potentially active volcanoes worldwide, aside from the continuous belt of volcanoes on the ocean floor. About 500 of these have erupted in historical time. Many of these are located along the Pacific Rim in what is known as the "Ring of Fire." In the U.S., volcanoes in the Cascade Range and Alaska (Aleutian volcanic chain) are part of the Ring, whileHawaiian volcanoes form over a "hot spot" near the center of the Ring.QUESTIONS ABOUT ERUPTION PRECURSORSBefore a volcano erupts, magma must force its way upward through solid rock beneath a restless volcano. This process causes the ground above to heave and shake as rock is shoved aside or broken. At the same time, gases are released from the magma as it rises to shallower levels where the pressure is lower. These phenomena--ground movements, earthquakes, and changes in volcanic gases--provide the clues that scientists use to recognize a restless volcano and anticipate what might happen next.Q: What kinds of unusual activity might be noticed before an eruption?A: Common symptoms of volcanic unrest include an increase in the frequency or intensity of earthquakes beneath a volcano; the occurrence of volcanic tremor; swelling, subsidence, or cracking of the ground; increased steam emission or small steam explosions; melting snow or ice; changes in existing fumaroles or hot springs, or the appearance of new ones; and increaseddischarge of magmatic gases. Volcanologists assess the significance ofvolcanic unrest partly by monitoring the pace and intensity of such activity. Q: What is volcanic tremor, and how does it differ from earthquakes?A: Tremor is a seismic vibration, similar to a volcanic earthquake, but of longer duration and more continuous than earthquakes of the same amplitude.Volcanic tremor can last from minutes to days. It may be caused by magma moving through narrow cracks, boiling and pulsation of pressurized fluids within the volcano, or escape of pressurized steam and gases from fumaroles.Q: Do volcanoes produce different kinds of earthquakes?A: Yes. A variety of earthquake types can occur at a volcano that is getting ready to erupt. These include earthquakes caused by rocks breaking along faults or fractures, termed tectonic-type earthquakes. Another common typea long-period or volcanic earthquake. These can occur when bubble-filledmagma is on the move beneath a volcano. The differences between tectonic- type and volcanic-type earthquakes are so subtle that they can bedistinguished only by using seismometers.Q: What kind of gases escape from volcanoes?A: The fumes escaping from a volcano consist mostly of water vapor (steam).Steam may be emitted from the hot interiors of volcanoes even when they are dormant. But steaming usually increases dramatically as magma intrudes and) heats groundwater beneath a volcano. Magma gives off carbon dioxide (CO2 and hydrogen sulfide (HS, rotten egg gas) that do not totally dissolve in2groundwater and can therefore show up at the surface. As water inside the volcano boils away, other more water-soluble volcanic gases can reach the surface, signaling an increasingly grave situation. These gases includesulfur dioxide (SO) and common halogen gases such as hydrogen chloride (HCl),2and hydrogen fluoride (HF).Q: Are there other restless volcanoes in the United States today besides Long Valley Caldera?A: Several. An increase in earthquake activity has been observed at Iliamna Volcano in the Cook Inlet region of Alaska since May, 1996. Airborne surveysemissions from the volcano. in August and October 1996 showed increased CO2Modest increases in sulfur dioxide were also observed. The USGS is continuing to monitor Iliamna's activity with the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys in a cooperative program at the Alaska Volcano Observatory. Also in Alaska, the Katmai region, which produced the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes during a colossal eruption in 1912, has experienced swarms of small earthquakes in recent years. And Pavlof volcano has been erupting sporadically since September 1996 and remains restless.In Hawaii, the largest volcanic edifice on Earth, Mauna Loa, has been slowly swelling and producing earthquakes since its last eruption in 1984.At Yellowstone in northwest Wyoming, one of the largest active volcanic systems on Earth, spectacular hydrothermal activity (geysers, hot springs, mud volcanoes), frequent earthquakes, and large ground movements remind us constantly that future eruptions are likely. The likelihood of an eruption at Yellowstone anytime soon, though, is much lower than at many other volcanoes in the western United States.QUESTIONS ABOUT VOLCANO MONITORINGTo anticipate the awakening or reawakening of a volcano, volcanologists watch for changes caused by moving or pressurizing magma and associated changes in the hydrothermal system surrounding the magma. Magma moving toward the surface can cause swarms of earthquakes; swelling, subsidence, or cracking of the volcano's flanks; and changes in the amount or types of gases that are emitted from a volcano. The USGS continuously monitors many volcanoes in the states of Washington, Oregon, California, Hawaii, Alaska, and Wyoming (Yellowstone) to detect unusual activity. Q: Does the USGS have a team of volcanologists that can respond to volcanic unrest on short notice?A: Yes. The USGS Volcano Hazards Team includes experts in all aspects of volcano hazard assessment, monitoring, information dissemination, andvolcano-emergency response. As depicted in the movie, a group of USGSscientists will respond to any potentially hazardous volcanic activity in the United States.Q: Does the USGS have a team for rapid response to volcano emergencies abroad?A: Yes. Such a team is operated by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (VDAP). The team was formed incooperation with the U.S. Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) of the U.S. State Department following the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, in which over 23,000 people lost their lives. At therequest of host countries and working through OFDA, VDAP scientists quickly determine the nature of volcanic unrest and assess its possible consequences.VDAP has responded to volcano emergencies in more than a dozen countries during the past decade.In addition to helping people in other countries to get out of harm's way, VDAP's international work directly benefits volcano-hazard mitigation in the United States. Through VDAP, we gain experience at active volcanoes that will help during future crises in the western United States, and we collect important scientific data on eruption precursors that are used to better understand how U.S. volcanoes work.Q: How does the USGS monitor volcanoes in the United States?A: One of the earliest signs of an impending eruption is often a subtle change in seismic activity beneath a volcano. In cooperation with universities and state agencies, the USGS monitors seismic activity near volcanoes using networks of seismometers. When unusual activity is detected, moreseismometers and other instruments may be installed by a response team to better determine if an eruption is likely.Q: How are earthquakes monitored?A: By installing seismometers that send information continuously via radio to a central recording site (observatory), scientists can determine the sizes and locations of earthquakes near a volcano. They look for specific types of earthquakes that are often associated with volcanic activity,including long- period volcanic earthquakes and volcanic tremor. An increasein the number or size of earthquakes beneath a volcano usually means that an eruption is more likely.Q: How are ground movements measured?A: Ground deformation (swelling, subsidence, or cracking) is measured witha variety of techniques, including Electronic Distance Meters (EDM), theGlobal Positioning System (GPS), precise leveling surveys, strainmeters, and tiltmeters. EDMs use lasers to accurately measure changes in distance between benchmarks (fixed points) with repeated measurements. GPS makes use of satellites orbiting the Earth to determine and track the locations of points. Strainmeters and tiltmeters are used to monitor subtle changes in shape of the ground surface.Q: How are volcanic gases measured?A: Instruments to measure sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide can be mounted in aircraft to determine the quantity of gas being emitted on a daily basis.Such instruments can also be used in a ground-based mode. An instrument that detects carbon dioxide can be installed on a volcano and configured to send data continuously via radio to an observatory. Sulfur dioxide in volcanic clouds can also be measured from space with instruments aboard satellites. Q: What else do scientists measure at volcanoes?A: Field observations by experienced volcanologists go hand in hand with more sophisticated equipment and techniques to form a complete system formonitoring volcanoes. Field observations may include water temperature and pH (acidity) measurements, or observations of ground cracking and new areas of avalanching rocks. An experienced observer can integrate many different types of data on the spot and design simple measurements to further assess the significance of volcanic unrest. There is no substitute for well-trained, experienced observers when trying to figure out how a volcano will behave.QUESTIONS ABOUT VOLCANO HAZARDSA restless volcano endangers any nearby residents with clouds of ash, falling blocks of rock, pyroclastic flows or ash hurricanes, lava flows, and floods of debris or lahars. These hazards are typical of snow- and ice-covered stratovolcanoes like those in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. Since 1980, volcanic activity has killed more than 29,000 people worldwide. Most of the deaths were caused by lahars and pyroclastic flows; a few hundred people were killed by ash falls, which collapsed the roofs of buildings.Q: What kinds of hazards are associated with volcanic eruptions?A: Debris flows, or lahars, are slurries of muddy debris and water caused by mixing of solid debris with water, melted snow, or ice. Lahars destroyed houses, bridges, and logging trucks during the May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, and have inundated other valleys around Cascade volcanoes during prehistoric eruptions. Lahars at Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia, in 1985, killed more than 23,000 people. At Mount Rainier, lahars have also beenproduced by major landslides that apparently were neither triggered noraccompanied by eruptive activity. Lahars can travel many tens of miles in a period of hours, destroying everything in their paths.Tephra (ash and coarser debris) is composed of fragments of magma or rock blown apart by gas expansion. Tephra can cause roofs to collapse, endanger people with respiratory problems, and damage machinery. Tephra can clog machinery, severely damage aircraft, cause respiratory problems, and short out power lines up to hundreds of miles downwind of eruptions. Explosions may also throw large rocks up to a few miles. Falling blocks killed people at Galeras Volcano in Colombia in 1992, and at Mount Etna, Italy, in 1979. Pyroclastic surges and flows are hot, turbulent clouds of tephra (known as surges), or dense, turbulent mixtures of tephra and gas (known as flows). Pyroclastic flows and surges can travel more than a hundred miles per hour and incinerate or crush most objects in their path. Though most extend only a few miles, a pyroclastic surge at Mount St. Helens in 1980 extended 18 miles (28 km) and killed 57 people. Pyroclastic surges at El Chichón volcano in Mexico in 1982 killed 2000 people, and pyroclastic flows at Mount Unzen, Japan, in June, 1991, killed 43 people. Speeding vehicles cannot outrun a pyroclastic flow or surge.Lava flows erupted at explosive stratovolcanoes like those in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska are typically slow-moving, thick, viscous flows. Kilauea volcano on the Island of Hawaii has produced thin, fluid lava flows throughout its history, and almost continuously since 1983. Lava flowsdestroyed a visitor center at Kilauea in 1989 and overran the village of Kalapana on the volcano's southeast flank in 1991.Q: Can volcanoes be dangerous even when they don't erupt?A: Definitely. Many stratovolcanoes have a plumbing system of hot acid water that progressively breaks down hard rock to soft, clay-rich material. The volcano is gradually weakened, and large parts may suddenly fail. Resulting water-rich landslides are especially dangerous because they can occurwithout any volcanic or seismic warning.The risk of mudflows formed this way is especially high along riversdownstream from Mount Rainier, because of the large population onfloodplains, the huge weakened edifice of the volcano, and a long history of large flows that occurred when the volcano was otherwise dormant. Q: How can residents who live near volcanoes prepare for future eruptions?A: Residents can obtain copies of USGS volcano-hazard reports to determine whether they live or work in areas at risk from volcanic activity. Everyone should plan how they and their family will respond to a natural disaster, including unrest or eruptive activity at nearby volcanoes. Preparation might include knowing where to go when family members are separated, where to go for emergency housing, what emergency supplies to keep on hand, and how to be self sufficient for several days, as recommended by local emergencymanagement agencies. Residents who live within 100 miles of a volcano shouldalso find out what their local officials are doing to prepare their community for the possibility of renewed volcanic activity. Lastly, enjoy the scenic, recreational, and inspirational benefits of living near an active volcano!MOVIE FACT OR FICTION?Dante's Peak, a volcano-disaster thriller from Universal Studios, available on videocassette, dramatizes some real-world concerns faced by communities located near active volcanoes in the United States. Set in the northern Cascade Range of Washington State, the movie portrays the roles of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists and local public officials during the reawakening and eruption of a fictional volcano - one that resembles dozens of real volcanoes in Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northern California. To separate fact from fiction, here are answers to some frequently asked questions about the movie and the USGS mission to reduce the risk from dangerous volcanoes.Q: Is the eruption depicted in Dante's Peak realistic?A: In many but not all respects, the movie's depiction of eruptive hazards hits close to the mark, especially as regards the enormous power unleashed during an eruption. Stratovolcanoes in the Cascade Range and Alaska erupt explosively and produce pyroclastic flows, clouds of volcanic ash, anddebris flows (lahars) that behave much as shown in the movie. Lava flows at these volcanoes, though, are usually thick and slow moving, unlike the fluid flows in the movie. Fast-flowing flows of basalt lava are common inHawaii, though. Real eruptions may be considerably larger or smaller, and affect larger or smaller areas, than those shown in the film.Q: Can eruptions really threaten helicopters, as in the movie, and other aircraft?A: Yes. Encounters between aircraft and clouds of volcanic ash are a serious concern. Jet engines and other aircraft components are vulnerable to damage by fine, abrasive volcanic ash, which can drift in dangerous concentrations hundreds of miles downwind from an erupting volcano.During the past 15 years, at least 80 aircraft have accidentally encountered volcanic ash clouds, and in 6 cases jet engines temporarily lost power. An international consortium of government agencies, including the U.S.Geological Survey, Federal Aviation Administration, and National Weather Service, is now monitoring ash-producing volcanoes and tracking volcanic ash clouds to reduce the likelihood of future encounters.Q: Can the temperature of hot springs near a restless volcano change quickly enough to injure bathers?A: Temperature changes can and do occur, but usually more slowly than shown in the movie. In fact, the temperature of hot springs may increase, decrease, or stay the same during volcanic unrest. Increases in water temperature, when they do occur, usually take days or weeks to develop, rather than a few seconds as shown in the movie.In rare cases, earthquakes can suddenly disrupt a volcano's hot groundwater system, changing its temperature. And earthquakes have been known totemporarily increase the flow of water from hot springs, sometimes causing geyser-like activity that could threaten bathers.Q: Do earthquakes large enough to collapse buildings and roads accompany volcanic eruptions?A: Not usually. Earthquakes associated with eruptions rarely exceedmagnitude 5, and these moderate earthquakes are not big enough to destroy the kinds of buildings, houses, and roads that were demolished in the movie.The largest earthquakes at Mount St. Helens in 1980 were magnitude 5, large enough to sway trees and damage buildings, but not destroy them. During the huge eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, dozens of light to moderate earthquakes (magnitude 3 to 5) were felt by several hundred thousand people. Many houses collapsed, but not primarily because of the shaking. Heavy, wet ash from the eruption and a hurricane accumulated on roofs and crushed them.Stronger earthquakes sometimes DO occur near volcanoes as a result oftectonic faulting. For example, four magnitude 6 earthquakes struck Long Valley caldera, California, in 1980, and a magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, in 1975. Both volcanoes were quiet at the time.The Hawaii earthquake triggered a small eruption at the summit of Kilauea.No eruption has yet occurred at Long Valley, but the area has been restless since the 1980 earthquakes.Q: Can a town's water supply become contaminated when a volcano is restless?A: Yes, but probably not as quickly as shown in the movie. If a town's water supply originates directly from a volcano's groundwater system or from a stream that has been covered with volcanic ash, the water could becomecontaminated with foul-smelling gases or fine ash and other sediment. Some volcanic gases such as sulfur dioxide dissolve in groundwater, making the water acidic. Sulfurous odors, however, are caused by hydrogen sulfide gas, which smells like rotten eggs.Q: Do scientists drive across moving lava flows?A: No. Any attempt to drive across an active lava flow, even one that has partly solidified to form a thin crust, is likely to lead to disaster. Witha temperature of 1,700 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, fresh lava will quicklymelt rubber tires and ignite gas tanks. And if a vehicle gets stuck in moving lava, well, you know the rest of the story.Q: Can carbon dioxide gas from volcanoes kill trees and wildlife?A: Yes. At several volcanoes around the world, carbon dioxide gas released from magma has accumulated in the soil in sufficient concentrations to kill vegetation or has collected in low areas and suffocated animals. At Mammoth Mountain in California, carbon dioxide has killed about 100 acres of treessince 1989, and visitors to this area have occasionally suffered symptoms of asphyxiation when entering cabins or below-ground excavations. USGSscientists have concluded that the gas is escaping from a magma body beneath Mammoth Mountain. The magma itself is not currently moving toward the surface, but the USGS is monitoring the situation carefully.Q: Can volcanoes suddenly become restless and erupt within one week of the first signs of activity?A: Yes. The first steam eruption at Mount St. Helens on March 27, 1980, was preceded by only 7 days of intense earthquake activity. The climacticeruption, on May 18, followed seven weeks later. An eruption of RedoubtVolcano in Alaska on December 13, 1989, was preceded by only 24 hours of intense earthquake activity. But other volcanoes have been restless formonths or years before an eruption occurred, and sometimes a period of unrest doesn't produce an eruption at all.Q: Are robots used by the USGS to monitor volcanoes?A: No. We rely on observations and measurements made by experiencedscientists and on critical data sent by radio or satellite relay frommonitoring instruments installed around a volcano. These instrumentsinclude seismometers, tiltmeters, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, gas sensors, mudflow (lahar or debris flow) sensors, and temperature probes.NASA has tested a robot named Dante at Mount Erebus volcano in Antarctica and Mount Spurr volcano in Alaska. The USGS believes that, on Earth,experienced volcanologists are a better and more cost-effective alternative for monitoring dangerous volcanoes.Q: Can volcanoes produce large explosive eruptions and rivers of fluid lava at the same time?A: Not usually. During a single eruption, a volcano CAN produce both lava flows and ash, sometimes simultaneously. The red, glowing lava fountains and lava flows in Dante's Peak (including the active flow across which Harry Dalton drives) are characteristic of a fluid magma, called basalt. Incontrast, explosive gray ash columns and pyroclastic flows shown in other scenes are characteristic of more viscous magmas, called andesite, dacite, or rhyolite. It's uncommon for a volcano to erupt magmas of widely different composition at the same time.Q: Can lakes near volcanoes become acidic enough to be dangerous to people?A: Yes. Crater lakes atop volcanoes are typically the most acid, with pH values as low as 0.1 (very strong acid). Normal lake waters, in contrast, have relatively neutral pH values near 7.0. The crater lake at El Chichon volcano in Mexico had a pH of 0.5 in 1983 and Mount Pinatubo's crater lake had a pH of 1.9 in 1992. The acid waters of these lakes are capable of causing burns to human skin but are unlikely to dissolve metal quickly. Gases from magma that dissolve in lake water to form such acidic brews include carbondioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride. However, the movie's rapidly formed acidic lake capable ofdissolving an aluminum boat in a matter of minutes is unrealistic.If you want to learn more about volcanoes in other parts of the United States, visit the other USGS volcano websites:| Alaska Volcano Observatory | Cascades Volcano Observatory | Hawaiian VolcanoObservatory || USGS Volcano Hazards Program || Home | Current Condition | Monitoring Data | Volcano Hazards || Photo Gallery | Area Maps | Geologic History | Response Plan |U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USAURL /FAQs.htmlContact: Long Valley Web TeamLast modification: 14 October 1999 (SRB)。