Tense and exercise

Simple Present TenseWays of changing the verbsVerb to be →is / am /areNegative statements do / does not + verb (base form)Questions Do / Does + Subject + verb (base form)(1)Plural nouns + 1st person singular, 2nd person singular and plural, 3rd person plural → no change(2)Singular nouns + 3rd person singular verb + s / es (ch, sh, s, x, z, o)(3)Verb ending in –y cut out y and add iesBut if the verbs end with -ay, -ey, -oy, -uy just add s after y1.This is used to show a fact and habitWe also call this kind of situation permanent situation(永久性)2.Things in general4.Talk about how often we do things (using adverbs of frequency)Key word : always ,usually ,sometimes ,often ,seldom ,never ,every day ,generally ,normally ,at times ,once a week ,every day/week…I promise... ,I suggest... ,I apologise... ,I advise... ,I insist... ,I agree... ,I refuse... ,I recommend...like ,love ,hate ,want ,need ,prefer ,know ,realise ,suppose ,mean ,understand ,believe ,remember ,belong ,fit ,contain ,seem ,see ,hear ,smell ,tastePresent Continuous Tense (am/is/are + V + ing)Ways of changing the verbs is / am /are + v-ing formNegative statements is / am / are not + v-ing formQuestions Is / Am / Are + Subject + v-ing form1.Events that happen at the time of speaking2.In the middle of doing something (have started doing it and have not finished yet)not necessarily be happening at the time of speaking3. Talking about changes that are happening during the periods around now4.Talking about the action that is happening during the periods around now(usually used with “today”, “this xxx”…)We also call this kind of action temporary action(暫時性)Key word :now ,at the moment ,at present ,still ,today ,this week ,this year ,get ,change ,become ,increase ,rise ,fall ,grow ,improve ,begin ,startI always do and I am always doingI always do (something)= I do it every timeI am always doing something = perhaps too often or more often than normalThinkThink = “believe”or “have an opinion”Be thinking = “consider”He is selfish and He is being selfishHe is being = He is behaving/He is acting (being selfish = behaving selfishly at the moment)He is selfish = He is selfish generally , not only at the momentWe use is/am/are being to say how somebody is behaving. It is not usually possible in other sentences Look and FeelYou can use the present simple or continuous to say how somebody looks or feels nowPast Simple Tense (V + ed)1.The action happened in the past and ended in the past.2.not recent or new happeningsKey word: yesterday ,the day before ,ago ,once ,in the past ,in 1987 ,just now ,last week/night, this morning...know ,want ,ten minutes ago ,when I was a child ,When...? ,What time...? ,from 1995 to 2001Past Continuous (was/were +V + ing)1.The action or situation had already started before this time, but had not finished2.We often use the simple past and the past continuous together to say that something happened in the middle of something else (一件事發生緊另一件事又發生)3.We use simple past to say that one thing happened after another.(一件事發生完另一件事接著發生)4.While...,.... (一邊….一邊….)5.We often use the past simple and the past continuous together to say that something happened in the middle of something else.Present Perfect Tense (have/has + p.p.)1.Something has been done (but time is uncertain)2. The effect of the action done can be seen now.3. One action takes place before another4. new or recent happenings5.to give new information but if we continue to talk about it we normally use the past simpleKey word : already ,ever ,never ,yet ,recently ,lately ,just ,so far ,since ,for... In the last few days ,today ,this morning/year ,it is (fist) time something ,how much ,how many , how many times ,like ,know ,believe ,have always lived ,have always done ,haven not done something since/forFor and SinceUse for and since to say how long something has been happening.For →twenty minutes, two hours, five days, a week, six months, a long time, ages, 50 years, all day ,all my lifeSince → 8 o’clock, lunchtime, Monday, 12 May, April, 1977, Christmas, they were at school It is (a long time /two years etc) since something happenedHow long is it since...? It has been ...since...?Gone (to) and been (to)Have/has gone to = there now or way thereHave/has been to = now come backJust 剛剛(for positive statement) Already 已經(for positive statement)Yet 仍(for both question and negative statement) Never 從不Present Perfect Continuous Tense (have/has been + V + ing)1.for an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped or still happeningKey word : for two day ,all morning/day/night ,How long ,want ,mean ,recently ,latelyPast Perfect Tense (I had + p.p.)1.it is used to show an action which happened before another in the past(it is often used together with simple past )Key word : already ,ever ,never ,before ,as soon as ,when ,after ,beforePast Perfect Continuous Tense (had been + V + ing)1.for a period of time before something else happenedHave got and Have1.“have got”and “have”expresses ,possession, relationship, illnesses etc.There is no difference in meaning.2.Cannot use continuous forms for the meaning (possession etc.)3. Forms of “have got”and “have”4. The expressions with “have”, we can’t use “have got”instead.(Have)Key word : drinks/ tea or coffee , a haircut , an evening meal , an argument/ a quarrel ,rest, (some) trouble (with…) , an operation ,breakfast/dinner ,a cup of coffee ,something to eat ,a bath ,a shower ,a swim ,a break ,a party ,a holiday ,an accident ,an experience ,a dream ,a look ,a baby,a chat ,a conversation ,a discussion ,difficulty ,trouble ,fun ,a good timeUsed to (do)1.it happened regularly in the past ,but no longer happensI used to do and I was doing and I am used to doingI used to do = regularly in the past ,but I no longer do thisI was watching = in the middle of doing somethingI am used doing = for some time (past to now)1.It is already 9:30 PM and I (wait) have been waiting here for over an hour. If John does not get here in the next five minutes, I am going to leave.2. I was really angry at John yesterday. By the time he finally arrived, I (wait) had been waiting for over an hour. I almost left without him.3. Did you hear that Ben was fired last month? He (work) had been working for that import company for more than ten years and he (work) had worked in almost every department. Nobody knew the company like he did.4. I (see) had seen many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt. Pictures of the monuments are very misleading. The pyramids are actually quite small.5. Sarah (climb) has climbed the Matterhorn, (sail) has sailed around the world, and (go) has gone on safari in Kenya. She is such an adventurous person.6. Sarah (climb) had climbed the Matterhorn, (sail) had sailed around the world and (go) had gone on safari in Kenya by the time she turned twenty-five. She (experience) had experienced more by that age than most people do in their entire lives.7. When Melanie came into the office yesterday, her eyes were red and watery. I think she (cry) had been crying.My English is really getting better. I (try) have been trying to learn the language since 1985, but only recently have I been able to make some real progress. By the time I started high school in 1988, I (study) had been studying the language for almost three years; however, I was only able to introduce myself and utter a few memorized sentences. For a couple more years, I (struggle) struggled through grammar and vocabulary lessons, which made absolutely no difference. Nothing worked, so I decided to study abroad.I found an exchange program in England that sounded like the perfect answer. I (stay) stayed with a host family for one month. It was a huge disappointment! I (sit) sat there the whole time staring at the host mother and father hoping that there would be some breakthrough. Nothing.When I returned, I mentioned to a friend that I (have) had been having problems with the language for years. He recommended that I spend a year in an English speaking country. I decided to go abroad again.I (research) researched exchange programs for a couple of weeks and finally decided on a school in the United States.Well, it worked. I (live) have been living and (study) have been studying in the U.S. for more than two years. I (stay) am staying here for at least another year before I return home. By then, I should be completely fluent.Robin: I think the waiter (forget) has forgotten us. We (wait) have been waiting here for over half an hourand nobody (take) has taken our order yet.Michele: I think you're right. He (walk) has walked by us at least twenty times. He probably thinks we (order, already) have already ordered.Robin: Look at that couple over there, they (be, only) have only been here for five or ten minutes and they already have their food.Michele: He must realize we (order, not) haven't ordered yet! We (sit) have been sitting here for over half an hour staring at him.Robin: I don't know if he (notice, even) has even noticed us. He (run) has been running from table to table taking orders and serving food.Michele: That's true, and he (look, not) hasn't looked in our direction once.1. Judy: How long (be) have you been in Canada?Claude: I (study) have been studying here for more than three years.2. I (have) have had the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a new one.3. I (love) have loved chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a "chocoholic."4. Matt and Sarah (have) have been having some difficulties in their relationship lately, so they (go) have been going to a marriage counselor. I hope they work everything out.5. John (work) has been working for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until recently, he (enjoy) has enjoyed his work, but now he is talking about retiring.6. Lately, I (think) have been thinking about changing my career because I (become) have become dissatisfied with the conditions at my company.7. I (see) have been seeing Judy for more than five years and during that time I have (see) have seen many changes in her personality.1. When I (arrive) arrived home last night, I discovered that Jane (prepare) had prepared a beautiful candlelight dinner.2. Since I began acting, I (perform) have performed in two plays, a television commercial and a TV drama. However, I (speak, never even) had never even spoken publicly before I came to Hollywood in 1985.3. By the time I got to the office, the meeting (begin, already) had already begun without me. My boss (be) was furious with me and I (be) was fired.4. When I (turn) turned the radio on yesterday, I (hear) heard a song that was popular when I was in high school. I (hear, not) had not heard the song in years, and it (bring) brought back some great memories.5. Last week, I (run) ran into an ex-girlfriend of mine. We (see, not) had not seen each other in years, andboth of us (change) had changed a great deal. I (enjoy) enjoyed talking to her so much that I (ask) asked her out on a date. We are getting together tonight for dinner.6. When Jack (enter) entered the room, I (recognize, not) didn't recognize him because he (lose) had lost so much weight and (grow) had grown a beard. He looked totally different!7. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the Yucatan; however, their culture (disappear, virtually) had virtually disappeared by the time Europeans first (arrive) arrived in the New World.8. I (visit) have visited so many beautiful places since I (come) came to Utah. Before moving here, I (hear, never) had never heard of Bryce Canyon, Zion, Arches, or Canyonlands.I'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show started at 8:00. I (try) had been trying to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn't want to miss it. By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I (have) had had five cups of coffee and I (wait) had been waiting over an hour. I had to leave because I (arrange) had arranged to meet Kathy in front of the theater.When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already) had already picked up the tickets and she was waiting for us near the entrance. She was really angry because she (wait) had been waiting for more than half an hour. She said she (give, almost) had almost given up and (go) had gone into the theater without us.Kathy told me you (be) had been late several times in the past and that she would not make plans with you again in the future. She mentioned that she (miss) had missed several movies because of your late arrivals. I think you owe her an apology. And in the future, I suggest you be on time!1.a. Look, I (have) have two tickets for the circus.b. Look, I (hold) am holding two tickets for the circus.2.a. We (be) had been there for more than half an hour by the time the show began.b. We (wait) had been waiting there for more than half an hour by the time the show began.3.a. Sam (sit) was sitting in the seat next to me when the clown threw a bucket of water at me.b. Sam (be) was in the seat next to me when the clown threw a bucket of water at me.4.a. One clown was juggling while he (balance) was balancing a glass of wine on his head.b. One clown was juggling while he (have) had a glass of wine on his head.5.a. I (love) have loved the circus ever since I was a child.b. I (go) have been going to the circus ever since I was a child.6.a. Right now, I (see) see two elephants doing tricks in the ring.b. Right now, I (look) am looking at two elephants doing tricks in the ring.Lars: Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?Tony: We (wait) are waiting for the new Stars Wars movie. In fact, we (wait) have been waiting here for more than five hours.Lars: Five hours? When did you arrive?Tony: We (get) got here at 6:00 o'clock this morning. More than forty people (stand, already) were already standing here waiting for tickets when we arrived.Lars: I can't believe that! Are you serious?Tony: Yeah, people (take) take Star Wars movies seriously. In fact, this particular showing has been sold out for over a week. We (wait, just) are just waiting in line to get a good seat in the theater.Lars: When did you buy your tickets?Tony: I (buy) bought them last week by phone. I (know) knew tickets would be hard to get because I (see) had seen a news interview with a group of people standing in line to get tickets. They (wait) had been waiting in line for almost a month to buy tickets for the first showing.Lars: I don't believe that!Tony: It's true. They (camp) camped out in front of Mann's Chinese Theater in Los Angeles for about a month because they (want) wanted to be the first people to see the movie.。