Commonly Used Translation Methods

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翻译方法英文

翻译方法英文Translation Methods in English。

Translation is the process of converting text or speech from one language into another. It is an important skill that requires not only linguistic ability, but also cultural understanding and creativity. There are various methods and approaches to translation, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. In this document, we will explore some of the common translation methods in English.1. Literal Translation。

Literal translation, also known as word-for-word translation, involves translating each word and phrase directly from the source language to the target language. This method aims to preserve the original text as much as possible, but it may result in awkward or unnatural-sounding language in the target language. Literal translation is often used in technical or legal documents where precision is more important than naturalness.2. Transliteration。

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课后答案

Overview of the New College English Second Edition Comprehensive Tutorial
This tutorial is designed for college students to improve their English
proficiency and enhance their language skills
• Summarizing: Summarizing is the process of condensing a text into a shorter version that captures the main ideas and key points This can be done by identifying the most important information in each section of the text and then synthesizing it into a conclusion summary
03 Translation section answers and analysis
• Translation section answers and analysis
目录
• Answers and analysis for the writing section
• Answers and analysis for the listening section
01 Course Introduction and Background
• The textbook provides a wealth of authentic materials, such as news reports, academic articles, and cultural essays, to expose students to different types of English texts

Image-Processing_in_Translation_of_Chinese_Idioms_

Journal of Literature and Art Studies, December 2021, Vol. 11, No. 12, 995-999doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2021.12.010Image-Processing in Translation of Chinese Idioms into EnglishJIANG Ling-minSchool of Foreign languages, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, ChinaThis paper explores the commonly used translating methods and the frequency of their usage through the analysisof the examples of imagery idioms in Chinese-English Dictionary of Chinese Idioms. Findings include thefollowing. First, three image-processing methods in translation of Chinese idioms into English are adoptedcommonly, namely, preserving the original image method, replacing the original image method and giving up theoriginal image method. Second, changing the original image method and giving up the original image method arethe major translation methods in the idiom translations surveyed.Keywords: Chinese idioms, image, Chinese-English Dictionary of Chinese Idioms, translation methodsIntroductionIdiom is characterized by its vivid image. Since the vivid image contained in idiomatic expressions not only contributes significantly to the overall meaning of them but also add to the expressive and emotional power of these idiomatic expressions, image-processing becomes an important issue in the expressive and emotional power of idiomatic expressions. In China, quite a few translation practitioners and scholars have made laudable attempts to render Chinese idioms into English. They have undertaken various thought-provoking analysis on the structures, meanings, methods, effects, skills, and experiences of translation that have laid the foundation of the theories in the field of Chinese idioms translation. However, important these efforts are, few article is found which combine image-processing in translation of Chinese idioms with Chinese-English dictionaries up to present, though there have been numerous refined articles which involve various image-processing methods of Chinese idioms.This paper re-elaborates on the old topic of idioms translation but from a new angle. With fresh illustration and concise explanation in English and Chinese, this essay sheds light on these expressions, some of which are thousands of years old.2. Methodology2.1 Research QuestionsThe present study examined the situation of the translation of Chinese idioms in the Dictionary of Chinese-English Idioms to answer the following research questions:(1) What methods can be employed in image-processing in translation of Chinese idioms into English?(2) Which translation method is more frequently used than the others?JIANG Ling-min, Master, Professor, School of Foreign languages, Pingdingshan University.IMAGE-PROCESSING IN TRANSLATION OF CHINESE IDIOMS INTO ENGLISH9962.2 Data CollectionTo do this research, the choice of a proper Chinese-English dictionary is a really important thing. So the choice of dictionary must be very careful and serious. After comparing and consideration, the author decided to use the Dictionary of Chinese-English Idioms compiled by Shi Zhengxin, Wang Chunqing and Zhang Jianzhong as the source of the Chinese idioms. Published in the year 2006, this dictionary is a relatively new one and is in wide use among Chinese and English language bilingual readers. It has paid special attention to the image-processing problem.Referring to the dictionary mentioned above, some 3000 common Chinese idioms were identified. Among the 3000 idioms, there are 1890 idioms with images. As it was impossible to examine all the 1890 idioms, the method of random sampling was employed. This method allowed us to examine a portion of the 1890 idioms to obtain the features of the whole group. To represent the population of 1890 idioms, 1/6 of the population was selected. Finally 316 Chinese idioms were left as the sample idioms.2.3 Data Treatment and AnalysisFirst chart was designed to put translation of all 316 Chinese idioms. The chart is mainly about the image-processing methods applied in English translation of the idioms. The translation methods include: to preserve the original image, to replace the original image and to give up the original image.An instruction to the raters was developed before the rating materials were provided to the raters. It told the raters the purpose of the research and criteria for rating. Three raters took part in this research. One is the author of this thesis. One is a college teacher of English. The other one is a master’s candidate of English major. Of the three raters, one is male. Each worked on the rating material independently.The chart designed and the instructions offered to the raters, there went the process of evaluating the translation of each sample chosen. Results of each evaluation of each sample were put on the chart according to the instructions. This job lasted each rater well over one month.Then, results of the evaluations from three raters were triangulated. Different results of evaluation on a certain translation were settled when two or above agreed on the same result. The fact was that disagreement on the results of evaluation among the three raters was rare. So, triangulation of the results further confirmed the results of the evaluation of the translation of the sample idioms.3. Results and DiscussionAfter all the jobs done from data collection to data analysis, the statistical results were obtained to provide foundations for the answers to the two research questions. In the following sections of this chapter, results and discussions of each of the two research questions are provided respectively.3.1 Image-processing MethodsIn the translation process of idioms, the conveyance of metaphors is of course important. However, the image processing is also an important element that cannot be ignored. Whether the image is handled properly or not, it directly affects the success of idioms translation. Due to the different national cultural backgrounds of English and Chinese, each language has formed a distinct image feature, so when translating, we should strive to achieve vivid, both in form and meaning (Bao, 2001).IMAGE-PROCESSING IN TRANSLATION OF CHINESE IDIOMS INTO ENGLISH 997Based on the statistical results of the remaining 316 Chinese idioms with images, the result shows that: generally speaking, the image processing in the English translation of Chinese idioms usually adopts the following methods:3.1.1 Preserving the original imageThere are a few idioms in English and Chinese that are equivalent in metaphor and coincident in image. In translating, the image in the target language can be used to reproduce the image in the source language, and strive to maintain the original meaning, image and grammatical structure of English and Chinese idioms, basically taking into account “formal equivalence” and “functional equivalence” (Hu, 2001). For example: 易如反掌as easy as turning one’s hand影子内阁shadow cabinet如坐针毡to sit on pins and needlesSometimes an image in Chinese language has no corresponding image in the English culture, or an image in Chinese language does have the corresponding image in English language but may not convey a certain connotative meaning. At that time, simply reproducing the same image can not achieve the same esthetic and expressive effects in the translated text. So we may reproduce the same image with its connotative meaning added to the translated text. As a result, English readers can visualize the fresh image in their culture with the connotative meaning explained so that the readers’ horizon of expectation is broadened. The same esthetic feeling of Chinese readers can be retained in English readers. For example:东施效颦Tung Shih imitating Hsi Shih, which is not original but rather tiresome.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮Three cobblers with their wits combined surpass Zhuge Liang, the master mind.班门弄斧 show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter.3.1.2 Replacing the original imageAs we all know, an image occurring in idioms has its national color. If such an image has no corresponding image in the target language culture, we may conduct the image processing by reproducing the same total image plus paraphrase. But if such an image has its corresponding total image in the target language yet different association is aroused in the two cultures, then we may replace the image with another one in the target language which has similar connotative meaning in the source language. For example, “to talk horse” and “吹牛”, the total image of the two idioms are almost the same. If we don’t change the image, it will cause misunderstanding and the stability of idioms in the target language will be affected. Therefore, we cannot translate “talk horse” into “吹马” (unless it is used to achieve some humorous effect) but into “吹牛”. Similarly, we cannot translate “to spend money like water” into “挥金如水” but into “挥金如土”.3.1.3 Giving up the original imageSometimes the image of the source language idiomatic expressions may be either untranslatable or improper to be conveyed to the target language readers even though it can be kept, the translated text would be lengthy in language form and difficult to understand. Or sometimes the image in the source language does not make sense to the target readers at all as the correlation between images and meaning itself is unclear or illogical in the source language and it is absurd or unimaginable for the receptors of the target language. Therefore, we have to sacrifice its image, only retaining its sense, that is to say, to reveal the intended meaning of the source language idioms through brief interpretations. For example:IMAGE-PROCESSING IN TRANSLATION OF CHINESE IDIOMS INTO ENGLISH998望子成龙to wish that one’s son would stand out among his fellows得胜回朝 win the day袖手旁观stand by with folded armsThe Chinese idiom “得胜回朝” in the examples consists of two images. One is “winning the day” and another is “returning to the court”. The meanings conveyed by the two images are different. Why is the second image abandoned in the translated text? The reason is that the first image is the main meaning carrier and the reproduction of the second image in the translated text would be redundant.In general, Image-processing involves three principal methods: (1) to preserve the original image, (2) to change the original image, (3) to give up the original image. The first method is very important in our translation of idiomatic expressions because it could retain the “sentiment” and “charm” of the original. The second is the method of transformation of images. It still makes the language vividly and lively although it transform the original images into new ones.3.2 Frequency of Image Processing MethodsThe second research question is “Which translation method is more frequently used than the others?” Answers to this question were developed based on the statistical results. Results related to frequency of translation methods used are provided in the table below.Table 1Frequencies of Different Image-processing Methods in Translation of Chinese Idioms into EnglishImage-processing Methods Preserving the original image Replacing the original image Giving up the original image Frequency 51 164 101Percentage 16.1% 51.9% 32%* The total number of idioms examined is 316.From Table 1, we can see that in all the idioms surveyed, changing the original image method appeared 164 times; giving up the original image method appeared 101 times; preserving the original image method appeared 51 times. When it comes to the percentage of image-processing methods being used in all the idioms, changing the original image method takes up 51.9%; giving up the original image method takes up 32%; preserving the original image method takes up 16.1%. The overall result of the table shows a declining order of changing the original image, giving up the original image and preserving the original image. From the numbers above, we may find that changing the original image method and giving up the original method take up 83.9% of the total translation methods while preserving the original image takes up 16.1%.3.3 DiscussionAs stated above, changing the original image method and giving up the original method take a leading role in the three basic translation methods in the 316 idioms examined. Preserving the original image method only serves as supplements. Both being a major translation method applied, changing the original image method takes up the superiority over giving up the original method. Why does this happen?Contradictions between images and figurative meanings in English and Chinese idioms show the corresponding relationship between English and Chinese idioms when they indicate their semantic and cultural features. Their corresponding relationship can be divided into three kinds: basic corresponding, semi-corresponding, non-corresponding. Different types of idioms of course calls for different translationIMAGE-PROCESSING IN TRANSLATION OF CHINESE IDIOMS INTO ENGLISH 999methods. As a matter of fact, some idioms conveying specific cultural features have no corresponding equivalents in Chinese and they are considered as cultural vacant idioms. The following are idioms of this type: An Olive Branch 橄榄树枝Aaron’s rod 亚伦的神杖Noah’s ark 诺亚方舟These idioms are all typical cultural vacant idioms bearing traces of English culture. It is chiefly this absence of relevant cultural knowledge that gives rise to misrepresentations of the idiom in some Chinese readers who are not so often exposed to Western culture as the English majors surveyed. Most English and Chinese idioms fall into the category of semi-corresponding and non-corresponding types. It needs to point out, however, that the discussions above are based on the results of the examination of the idioms in one dictionary. Whether or not this situation of the use of changing the original image and the use of giving up the original in Chinese idiom translation stands true across all Chinese-English dictionaries requires more research.4. ConclusionTo sum up, Based on idioms in Chinese-English Dictionary of Chinese Idioms this paper explores the commonly used translating methods and the frequency of their usage through the analysis of the examples of imagery idioms in A Chinese-English Dictionary of Chinese Idioms. The research shows that changing the original image and giving up the original image processing methods in translation of Chinese idioms into English are the two most frequently used methods in this dictionary. Although preserving the original image method serves as supplementary method used, it also has its special advantages over other methods in its capability of being faithful to the original source language and keeping the original flavor of the idioms as well as the Chinese culture and tradition carried by them. It’s intended to provide reference for translation study about imagery in idioms and the teaching and the practice about the translation from Chinese to English.ReferencesBao, H. N. (2001). Cultural context and language translation. Beijing: China Foreign Translation Publishing House.Fan, M., & Chen, T. X. (2002). The translation of Chinese idioms. Shandong Foreign Language Teaching, 5, 94-98.Hu, W. Z. (2001). English idioms and British and American culture. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Guo, J. Z. (2000). Culture and translation. Beijing: China Foreign Translation Publishing House.Jiang, L. (2001). The conversion of images in E-C idioms translation. Journal of Henan Education Institute, 1, 129-130.Ma, H. (2006). Processing of image language in the English- to-Chinese idiom translation. Journal of Lanzhou Jiao Tong University, 2, 125-128.Makkai, A. (Ed.). (1987). A dictionary of American idioms. New York: Barron’s Educational Series Inc.Newmark, P. (1988). Approaches to translation. London: Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd.Nida, E. A. (1993). Language, culture and translating. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.Nida, E. A., & Taber, C. R. (1969). The theory and practice of translation. E. J. Leiden: Brill.Yang, C. R. (2001). English idiom and Chinese chengyu. Journal of Tianjin University of Commerce, 62-64.。

Translationtechniques里面包含增译法减译法转译法重复译法文档资料

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寻寻觅觅,冷冷清请,凄凄惨惨戚戚;乍暖还寒时侯,最难将息。
(译文1） Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart! （译文2） I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. （许渊冲译）
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青青河边草, 郁郁园中柳。 Green grows the grass upon the bank, The willow shoots are long and lank.
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2. Amplification(增译法 /增词法)
❖ Amplification: It means supplying necessary
words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear. Words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically.
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❖ 英语和汉语在语法方面差异很大，比如英语有数的变化、有时态、语态、语气变化、有情态的变化（我们常称为三态一气），而汉语这样的变化很少，如时态，只用着、了、过就解决了。在翻译中我们要注意这些差别，把英语中的数和三态一气等体现出来。为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法.

翻译中的常用技巧

翻译中的常用技巧The commonly-used skills of translation如何确定词语的意义？一. 确定词语在语境中的意义1. I never had much in seeing you. There was no love lost between us at any time.2. We grumble a little now and then , to be sure. But there’s no love lost between us.1.我向来不大想看到你，我们两人之间大概什么时候都不曾有过好感。

2. 当然啦，我们有时也免不了争论几句，但是我们还是相亲相爱。

3. We hope Mr. White will not forget himself, gone are the days when a representative of a large country in UN. may do whatever he likes. 不要忘乎所以4. We hope that our most respected Secretary General will not forget himself, his poor health is known to everybody. 不要过于操劳，要多多保重二. 弄清原文的逻辑关系The object did not move because I pushed it.不是因为我推了它，该物体才移动。

三. 理解原文的深层结构1. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.昨晚我听到他鼾声如雷，声音就象把猪赶到市场一样。

2. 根据词类确定词义选择词义，首先要判明一个词在句中属于哪一种词类，起什么作用，然后再根据词类选择适当的词义。

如up 这个词在下列例句中词类不同，词义也不同。

Translation techniques(里面包含增译法,减译法,转译法,重复译法)

❖ 英语和汉语在语法方面差异很大，比如英语有数的变化、有时态、语态、语气变化、有情态的变化（我们常称为三态一气），而汉语这样的变化很少，如时态，只用着、了、过就解决了。在翻译中我们要注意这些差别，把英语中的数和三态一气等体现出来。为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法.
❖ Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. ❖ 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。
❖ Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace.
❖ 先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。
nothing. ❖ 他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父
母似的。 ❖ His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they
belonged to nobody.
Examples
❖ We have to analyze and solve problems. ❖ 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
1. Repetition(重复法)
❖ (3)为了生动重复
根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达原文的生动性.
❖ 汉语中有大量四字词组，这是汉语的一在特点。四字词组比较精炼，念起来顺口，有节奏感，在英译时要注意词汇的选择，尽量保留原文生动活泼的修辞效果。例如：
1. Repetition(重复法)
❖ 他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。
❖ With his tardiness, careless and appalling good temper, we had nothing to do with him.

翻译理论与英汉语言对比

+Lecture 1 A Survey of Translation+Part 1 Basic Introduction to Translation+Part 2 History of Translation+Part 3 Important Concepts of Translation+Part 1 Basic Introduction to TranslationI. What is translation?+翻译是人类交流思想过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁，使通晓不同语言的人能通过原文的重新表达而进行思想交流。

翻译是把一种语言（即源语SL）的信息用另一种语言（即译语TL）表达出来，使译文读者能得到原文作者所表达的思想，得到与原文读者大致相同的感受。

+——范仲英+To translate is to change one language into another, retaining as much of the sense as one can.+翻译就是把一种语言译成另一种语言，尽量保存原意。

+——Samuel Johnson+（a famous writer and dictionary compiler in Britain in the 18th century）+Translation is a cross-linguistic, cross-cultural and cross-social communication activity.+翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的交际活动。

+Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language.+翻译就是把一种语言转换成另一种语言，即用一种语言形式把另一种语言形式里的语言或文字内容忠实地重新表现出来。

翻译课件7

2) Original clause order retained A. Antecedent repeated (2) All living things are driven by the basic need by which they stay alive and reproduce so that the species will continue. 一切生物都为这种基本需要所驱使 (or 这种基本需要是一切生物行为的动因) 这种基本需要是一切生物行为的动因)，生物因此物因此 / 其而生存并繁殖使种族得以延续。而生存并繁殖使种族得以延续。
7.2.2 Non7.2.2 Non-restrictive attributive clauses:
1) Rendered into independent clause or sentence
(7) We are persevering steadfastly and in good heart in the cause of European freedom and fair dealing for the common people of all countries, for which, with you, we drew the sword. (Unit 16: P. 133) 在争取欧洲的自由，争取各国平民都能受到公正争取欧洲的自由，争取争取各国平民都能受到公正对待的事业中，我们正抖擞精神、不屈不挠地坚持对待的事业中，我们正抖擞精神、不屈不挠地坚持斗争。为了这个事业，我们曾与你们一道拿起武器斗争。为了这个事业，我们曾与你们一道拿起武器并肩作战。并肩作战。
Relative clause: a unique feature clause: of sentence making in English.

Amplification（增词法）

Amplification（增词法）One of Translation Techniques Commonly Used---- AmplificationIt’s well known to us that as far as CET-4 & 6 are concerned, translation is an important and necessary part, but many students usually do a very poor job in this part. The shared problem that always puzzles them is that even though they have a very large vocabulary and know the Chinese meaning of each English word, but they cannot translate an English sentence or paragraph accurately. The main reason is that they lack English-Chinese translation skills and techniques. Today I’d like to introduce one of the commonly-used translation techniques, that is amplification. Then, what is amplification. Before we define it, let’s look at the following example.e.g. There are three chief effects of electric currents: the magnetic, heating and chemical.电流有三种主要效应，即磁效应，热效应和化学效应。

英汉互译3-conversion

UNIT 3 CONVERSIONConversion, one of the commonly adopted translation techniques, means the change of parts of speech in translation.Owing to the syntactical differences between English and Chinese, it is usually impossible for a translator to keep to the original part of speech in the process of translation.For example:This watch neve r varies more than a second in a month.这块表一个月的误差从不超过一秒钟。

The English verb “vary” can hardly be rendered into Chinese by the same part of speech without spoiling the original meaning.In fact, a word belonging to a certain part of speech in one language sometimes has to be converted into a different part of speech, so as to bring forth a readable and coherent sentence.I. Conversion in English-Chinese Translation1. Converting into VerbsOne of the most remarkable differences between English and Chinese syntax is the use of the verb. It is taken for granted that an English sentence contains no more than one predicate verb, while in Chinese it is not unusual to have clusters of verbs in a simple sentence.Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water.住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。

笔译期末复习

1.Definition:Translation is a communicative act betw e en differ ent languages and cultures achieved through selecting th e nearest eq uivalen t in th e target language for message units in the source language.2.Nature:Translation is not only a science w i th its own law s and methods but an art of reproduction and re-c reation.3.Role:For mutual understanding:For four modernizations;For opposing hegemonism and safeguarding peace.4.Approach:Using dialectical mate rialism.5.Criteria:An equal-value between the original and the version.6.Process:From comp rehension stage to representation stage.7.Analysis of the version:Gestalt observation; Quantitative analysis;Qualitative analysis.monly-used techniques:diction, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, casting, division and combination, negation.一、我国历史上出现的三次翻译高潮(Thre e Peaks of translation in China’s History)1、东汉——唐宋的佛经翻译。

Translation techniques(里面包含增译法,减译法,转译法,重复译法)说课讲解

Translation Techniques
Teaching Plan
Teaching Contents:
1. Introduction to the functions of translation techniques
2. Introduction to the 8 commonly-used techniques 1) repetition(重复法) 2) amplification(增译法 ) 3) omission(/省译法/减译法 ) 4) conversion(词类转移法 ) 5) inversion (词序调整法) 6) division(分译法) 7) negation(正说反译, 反说正译法) 8) the change of the voices(语态变换法)
1. Repetition(重复法)
❖ 他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。
❖ With his tardiness, careless and appalling good temper, we had nothing to do with him.
❖ 我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，（直言无隐），不藏不掖。 ❖ I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding
III. Introduction to the techniques of translation
❖ Techniques of translation refer to the experience that people have accumulated in their practice of translation. They include lots of skills in translation, such as selection of word meaning, extension of word meaning, conversion of parts of speeches and sentence structures, long sentence translation, paragraph and passage translation, translation of articles of different kinds of styles, etc.

Faithfulness in Translation and Common Methods

Faithfulness in Translation and Common MethodsFaithfulness in TranslationFaithfulness is an important question of the principle of translation. All theories maintain that translation should be faithful to the original and no translator thinks that his translation is unfaithful to it. But in reality, some translators achieve faithfulness or their translation, and others do not. Evidently, it depends on whether the translator understands faithfulness correctly. Strictly speaking, faithfulness is the generalization of the three principles—faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness. That’s to say, true translation demands that the translator be faithful to the content, language and style of the original at the same time. To be faithful to the content and style of the original, the translator must be true to its whole text, not just to individual phrases or sentences. Only by thus doing can he come up to the standard of translation which conveys not only the meaning but also the spirit of the original work. If he does not take this into consideration, the result will go contrary to his wishes. Should he lack a correct understanding of the original, disregard the internal relations in the text, but mechanically stick to the literal meaning of isolated words, he could never achieve faithfulness in his translation.Examples:1. No, I didn’t.This is a sentence consisting of only three simple words. It looks so simple that it does not seem to be an issue worth discussing. But judging from the angel of translation, we should make a point of it. This expression may be used to answer either an affirmative or a negative question. Suppose someone asks you “Did you go to the movie last night?” If you didn’t, you may answer, “No, I didn’t.” when you are asked “Didn’t you go to the movie last night?” You may give the same answer if you stayed at home. You would be wrong if you made no difference in translating t he English sentence “No, I didn’t.” The word “no” is defined as “不” in all the English-Chinese dictionaries. But this definition is entirely useless in the translation of the twoabove-mentioned answers. In the first answer, the word “No” must be omitted in the Chinese version. The proper translation should be: 我没有去 or 没有去. In the second, it must be thought of just in the opposite direction as 是的. Although you can’t find the annotation是的in any English-Chinese dictionary, yet the Chinese是的is exactly the equivalent for the English word “no” in this specific situation.(cf: 你们喜欢吃花生吗？喜欢。

日语翻译常考作文模板及范文

日语翻译常考作文模板及范文英文回答：Commonly Used Japanese Translation Essay Templates and Sample Essays。

1. Translation of a Japanese Text。

Template:Introduction。

State the title and author of the Japanese text.Briefly summarize the main topic of the text.Body Paragraphs。

Translate the text paragraph by paragraph.Each paragraph should be a separate idea or point.Use proper grammar and sentence structure.Conclusion。

Summarize the main points of the translation.Briefly comment on the significance or relevance of the text.Sample Essay:Title: "The Cherry Blossoms of Ueno Park" by Yukio Mishima。

Introduction:This essay presents a translation of Yukio Mishima's essay "The Cherry Blossoms of Ueno Park." The essay is a reflection on the beauty of the cherry blossoms in Ueno Park and their symbolic meaning in Japanese culture.Body Paragraph 1:In the first paragraph, Mishima describes the beauty of the cherry blossoms in Ueno Park. He uses vivid imagery to paint a picture of the pink and white petals falling like snow, creating a magical atmosphere.Body Paragraph 2:In the second paragraph, Mishima explores the symbolic meaning of the cherry blossoms. He writes that the blossoms represent the transience of life and the cycle of death and rebirth. The cherry blossoms remind us to appreciate the beauty of life, even though it is fleeting.Body Paragraph 3:In the final paragraph, Mishima reflects on the importance of the cherry blossoms in Japanese culture. He writes that the blossoms are a symbol of national pride and unity. The cherry blossoms also symbolize hope and renewal,especially during difficult times.Conclusion:Mishima's essay "The Cherry Blossoms of Ueno Park" is a moving reflection on the beauty and significance of the cherry blossoms. The translation captures the essence of Mishima's writing, delivering a powerful message about the fragility and resilience of life.2. Comparison of Two Japanese Texts。

pp.4.1 词义选择

a word with neutral meaning

The young man was asked to reflect on his hopes and ambitions.抱负 Hitler was ambitious.

He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved.

犹太人的店铺关了，田字旗取代了六角星旗。反犹太主义的包围圈一天紧似一天.(注: 田字旗是顺时针, 纳粹党所用的卐字饰，万字饰, 万字旗是逆时针。)
犹太人的店铺关了，田字旗取代了六角星旗。反犹太主义的包围圈一天紧似一天.(注: 田字旗是顺时针, 纳粹党所用的卐字饰，万字饰,万字旗是逆时针。)
他是一个正直的人，但不幸的是他有某种坏名声。我认为这种名声是不应该有的。

Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.
凡是忘掉过去的人，必定重蹈覆辙。

The fate of men is as grim让人沮丧的 and bleak前景暗淡的 as the fate of women. Toilers 辛劳者and warriors战士.
在接下来的4个星期里，消息时好时坏，两种情况不断交替出现一直没有明朗化

b. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists.

英语菜名翻译本科论文

2014届毕业生毕业论文Analyzing the Translations of Local Chinese Recipes from the Perspective of Chinese Food Culture从饮食文化角度谈中餐菜名的翻译学生姓名张立盼学号4031210228所属学院人文学院专业英语班级英语14-2班指导教师塔里木大学教务处制Contents1. Introduction (1)2. Chinese Catering Culture (2)2.1 Definition of Culture (2)2.2 Chinese Catering Culture (2)3. Characteristics of Chinese Food Culture (4)3.1 Inheritance and Development of Chinese Food Culture (4)3.2 The Hierarchy Characteristic of Chinese Food Culture (4)3.3 The Regional Characteristic of Chinese Food Culture (4)3.4 The Ethnic and Eligious Characteristic of Chinese Food Culture (4)4. Translation Methods of Chinese Dish Names (5)4.1 Literal Translation (5)4.1.1 Combine Raw Materials and Auxiliary Materials (5)4.1.2 Cooking Method and Raw Materials (5)4.1.3 Taste Combined with Raw Materials (6)4.2 Liberal Translation (6)4.2.1 Name with Place (6)4.2.2 Name with Person’s Name (6)4.2.3 Name with Plant or Animal (7)5. Advice on Translation Principles (9)6. Conclusion (11)References (11)Acknowledgments (13)AbstractAs is known to all, food culture is an important part of Chinese traditional culture. Due to the development of the history and the geographical differences, our country has formed many cuisines and all kinds of dishes. Since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy, Chinese economy, military, culture and the other aspects develop rapidly, and Ch ina’s international status improve significantly too. Today, with the economic globalization, Chinese food is also increasingly known to people from all over the world, and attract more and more people. It is obvious that the Chinese food culture has become an important messenger to spread Chinese culture. Chinese food culture’s connotation is rich, extensive and profound, and many Chinese dishes also represent different cultural characteristics of different regions. This also brings great difficulties for the translations of Chinese recipes. As to the translation of Chinese menu, we should not only pay attention to the language conversion, but also the further transformation of cultural level. This article firstly analyses the characteristics of Chinese food culture, and summarizes the characteristics of Chinese food dishes. Then the author puts forward to the solutions on the problems of translating Chinese dishes through the analysis and exploration of specific examples.Key Words:Chinese food culture; Chinese dishes; translation摘要众所周知，饮食文化是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。

直译意译音译的书籍

直译意译音译的书籍When it comes to translating books, there are different methods and approaches that translators use to convey the original meaning and style. 直译意译和音译是翻译书籍时常用的方法之一，翻译人员会根据原文的特点和要求来选择合适的翻译方法。

The choice between direct translation, free translation, and phonetic translation largely depends on the nature of the source text and the intended audience. 在选择翻译方法时，翻译者需要考虑原文的语言特点、所面向的读者群以及出版的目的地。

Direct translation, also known as literal translation, focuses on rendering the source text into the target language as accurately as possible. 直译是一种较为严格的翻译方法，力求忠实还原原文的内容和结构，不做过多的添加或省略。

This method prioritizes fidelity to the original text, often at the expense of naturalness and readability in the target language. 直译强调忠实原文，可能会导致目标语言的表达不够自然和通顺。

On the other hand, free translation, also known as idiomatic translation, focuses on capturing the overall meaning and essence of the source text, rather than adhering strictly to the original wording. 意译注重捕捉原文的整体意义和精髓，而不是机械地保留原文的词句。