ZNI1000中文资料
常用汉字2500个及1000个常用汉字大全（含拼音）
《现代汉语常用字表》一、常用字（2500字）按汉字读音笔顺，并标拼音aa阿啊ai哀唉挨di矮ai爱碍an安dn岸按案暗dng昂do袄do傲奥bba八巴扒吧疤bd拔bd把ba坝爸罢霸bdi白bdi百柏摆bdi败拜ban班般斑搬bdn 板版ban办半伴扮拌滩bang帮bdng绑榜膀bdng傍棒bao包胞bdo密bdo宝饱保堡bao报抱暴爆bei杯悲碑b&i北bei贝备背倍被辈ben奔b6n本bdn笨beng蹦bi逼bi鼻bi比彼笔鄙bi币必毕闭毙辟弊碧蔽壁避臂bian边编鞭bidn扁bian便变遍辨辩辫biao标bido表bi。
别bln宾滨bing冰兵bl ng丙柄饼bi ng并病bo拨波玻bao 剥bo菠播b6脖伯驳泊博搏膊薄bo卜bu补捕bu不布步怖部ccd擦cdi猜cdi才材财裁cdi采彩睬踩cdi菜can参餐cdn残蚕惭c3n惨can灿cang仓苍舱cdng藏cao操cdo槽cdo草ce册侧厕测策c仓ng层曾cha叉插chd查茶察chd岔差chai拆chdi柴chdn馋缠chdn产铲chan颤chang昌chdng长肠尝偿常chdng厂场敞chang畅倡唱chao抄钞超chdo朝潮chdo吵炒che车ch。
扯chd彻撤chdn尘臣沉辰陈晨chudng闯chen衬趁cheng称撑ch^ng成呈承诚城乘惩程cheng秤chi吃chi池驰迟持匙chi尺齿耻chi斥赤翅chong充冲ch6ng虫崇chou抽chdu 仇绸愁稠筹酬ch6u fl chdu臭chu出初chu除厨锄chu础储楚处chu触畜chuan川穿chudn传船chudn喘chudn串chuang疮窗chudng床chuang创chui吹炊chui垂锤chun春chun纯唇chOn蠢ci词慈辞磁cl此ci次刺cOng从匆葱聪c6ng丛cdu凑cu 粗cu促醋cuan窜cul催摧cui脆翠cun村cun存cun寸cud错dda搭dd达答dd打dd大dai呆dai代带待怠贷袋逮戴dan丹单担耽ddn胆ddn旦但诞弹淡蛋dang当ddng挡党dang荡档dao刀叨ddo导岛倒蹈dao到悼盗道稻d。
1000个常用字注音
一(yÿ)乙(yǐ) 二(âr)十(shí) 丁(dÿnɡ) 厂(chǎnɡ) 七(qÿ) 卜(bǔ) 人(rãn) 入(rù) 八(bü) 九(jiǔ)几(jǐ) 儿(ãr) 了(le) 力(lì) 乃(nǎi) 刀(düo) 又(yîu) 三(sün) 于(yú)干(ɡün) 亏(kuÿ) 士(shì) 工(ɡōnɡ) 土(tǔ)才(cái) 寸(cùn) 下(xià) 大(dà) 丈(zhànɡ) 与(yǔ) 万(wàn) 上(shànɡ) 小(xiǎo) 口(kǒu) 巾(jÿn) 凡(fán)及(jí)夕(xÿ)丸(wán)么(me)广(ɡuǎnɡ)亡(wánɡ)门(mãn)义(yì)之(zhÿ)尸(shÿ)弓(ɡōnɡ)己(jǐ)已(yǐ)子(zǐ)卫(wâi)也(yþ)女(nǚ)飞(fýi)刃(rân)习(xí)叉(chü)马(mǎ)乡(xiünɡ)丰(fýnɡ)王(wánɡ)井(jǐnɡ)开(küi)夫(fū)天(tiün)无(wú)元(yuán)专(zhuün)云(yún)扎(zhü)艺(yì)木(mù)尤(yïu)友(yǒu)匹(pǐ)车(chý)巨(jù)牙(yá)屯(tún)比(bǐ)互(hù)切(qiý)瓦(wǎ)止(zhǐ)少(shǎo)日(rì)中(zhōnɡ)冈(ɡünɡ)贝(bâi)内(nâi)水(shuǐ)见(jiàn)午(wǔ)牛(niú)手(shǒu)毛(máo)气(qì)升(shýnɡ)长(chánɡ)仁(rãn)什(shãn)片(piàn)仆(pú)化(huà)仇(chïu)币(bì)仍(rãnɡ)仅(jǐn)斤(jÿn)凶(xiōnɡ)分(fýn)乏(fá)公(ɡōnɡ)仓(cünɡ)月(yuâ)氏(shì)勿(wù)欠(qiàn)风(fýnɡ)丹(dün)匀(yún)乌(wū)凤(fânɡ)勾(ɡōu)文(wãn)六(liù)方(fünɡ)火(huǒ)为(wãi)斗(dîu)忆(yì)订(dìnɡ)计(jì)户(hù)认(rân)心(xÿn)尺(chǐ)引(yǐn)丑(chǒu)巴(bü)孔(kǒnɡ)队(duì)办(bàn)以(yǐ)允(yǔn)予(yǔ)死(sǐ)成(chãnɡ)夹(jiá)轨(ɡuǐ)邪(xiã)划(huá)迈(mài)毕(bì)至(zhì)此(cǐ)贞(zhýn)师(shÿ)尘(chãn)尖(jiün)劣(liâ)光(ɡuünɡ)当(dünɡ)早(zǎo)吐(tǔ)吓(xià)虫(chïnɡ)曲(qǔ)团(tuán)同(tïnɡ)吊(diào)吃(chÿ)因(yÿn)吸(xÿ)吗(mɑ)屿(yǔ)帆(fün)岁(suì)回(huí)岂(qǐ)刚(ɡünɡ)则(zã)肉(rîu)她(tü)妈(mü)戏(xì)羽(yǔ)观(ɡuün)欢(huün)买(mǎi)红(hïnɡ)纤(xiün)级(jí)约(yuý)纪(jì)驰(chí)巡(xún)寿(shîu)弄(nînɡ)麦(mài)形(xínɡ)进(jìn)戒(jiâ)吞(tūn)远(yuǎn)违(wãi)运(yùn)扶(fú)抚(fǔ)坛(tán)技(jì)坏(huài)扰(rǎo)拒(jù)找(zhǎo)批(pÿ)扯(chþ)址(zhǐ)走(zǒu)抄(chüo)应(yÿnɡ)冷(lþnɡ)这(zhâ)序(xù)辛(xÿn)弃(qì)冶(yþ)忘(wànɡ)闲(xián)间(jiün)闷(mân)判(pàn)灶(zào)灿(càn)弟(dì)汪(wünɡ)沙(shü)汽(qì)沃(wî)泛(fàn)沟(ɡōu)没(mãi)沈(shþn)沉(chãn)怀(huái)忧(yōu)快(kuài)完(wán)宋(sînɡ)宏(hïnɡ)牢(láo)究(jiū)穷(qiïnɡ)灾(züi)良(liánɡ)证(zhânɡ)启(qǐ)非(fýi)叔(shū)肯(kþn)齿(chǐ)些(xiý)虎(hǔ)虏(lǔ)肾(shân)贤(xián)尚(shànɡ)旺(wànɡ)具(jù)果(ɡuǒ)味(wâi)昆(kūn)国(ɡuï)昌(chünɡ)畅(chànɡ)明(mínɡ)易(yì)昂(ánɡ)典(diǎn)固(ɡù)忠(zhōnɡ)咐(fù)呼(hū)鸣(mínɡ)咏(yǒnɡ)呢(ne)岸(àn)岩(yán)帖(tiý)罗(luï)帜(zhì)岭(lǐnɡ)凯(kǎi)败(bài)。
科勒1000REOZM发电机组说明书 (中文)
o 50℃环境温度散热器为选配。
150℃温升 备用额定值 千瓦/千伏安 电流A
1020/1275 1534
910/1138 912/1140 844/1055
1728 1645 1464
928/1160 928/1160 932/1165
1762 1674 1616
水泵型式
620 (35282)
风扇直径（包括叶片），毫米（英寸） 风扇，kWm (HP)
1524 (60) 40 (53.5) 26.3 (32.2)
冷空气最大进气和排气阻力 散热器出口侧，千帕（英寸水柱）
0.125 (0.5)
运行要求
空气需要量
散热器冷却空气流量，米3/分（英尺3/ 分）～ 空气燃烧量，米3/分（英尺3/分）
标准功能和附件
其他标准功能
z 发电机保护（为装备Decision-MakerTM 550时的标准配置） z 电子调速器，等时 z 机油排放管 z 运行操作与安装手册 z 副励磁机和永磁发电机（PMG）
附件
开放式机组 排气消音器，医院型 排气消音器，严格型 不锈钢柔性排气接头
配备外罩的机组 隔音罩（带医院机型房屋顶安装的消音器） 防雨罩（带严格型机房屋顶安装的消音器）
冷却系统 机体加热器
[推荐用于20℃（68℉）以下环境温度] 城市水冷却 散热器接管法兰 远程散热器冷却
供油系统 供油软管 油、水分离器 燃油压力表 机底燃油箱带日用油箱
电气系统 蓄电池 蓄电池充电器，均充/浮充式 蓄电池加热器 蓄电池支架和电缆
维护与文献 一般保养文献包 修理包（包括空气、机油和燃油滤清器） 大修文献包 生产文献包
ZNI1000TA;ZNI1000TC;中文规格书,Datasheet资料
ZNI1000Temperature sensorDescriptionThe ZNI1000 is a Ni thin film Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), specified to DIN 43760. The high temperature coefficient offers higher signal outputs than other RTD's, which results in higher accuracy with smaller temperature changes.Features•Resistance at 0°C: 1000•Nickel temperature detector•Specified to DIN 43760•SOT23 packageApplications•Automotive electronic•Circuit protection•Temperature compensation•Temperature measurementOrdering informationDevice Reel size(inches)Tape width(mm)Quantityper reelDevicemarkingZNI1000TA783,000ZNI ZNI1000TC13810,000ZNIAbsolute maximum ratingsNOTES:(a)Limited by operating temperature [ I CC Յ(20mW/R)½ , R=func(T A )=718 to 1986⍀].Recommended operating conditionsNOTES:(b)limited by self heating effects (recommended current range 0,1 to 1,5mA)[ typ. case → temperature error ⌬T= (R и1,2mA и1,2mA)/1,7mW/K Յ 1,7K ][ worst case → temperature error ⌬T= (1,986k ⍀и3,0mA и3,0mA)/1,4mW/K = 13,8K ].Electrical characteristicsNOTES:(c)Measured under pulse conditions.(d)See ZNi1000 Tolerance class figure.Parameter S ymbol Limit Unit Continuous current (a)I CC 5 mA Total power dissipation P TOT 20mW Operating temperature range T A -55to +150 °C Storage temperature rangeT stg -55to +150 °C Symbol Parameter Min.Typ.Max.Unit I MDCSteady state measurement current (b)0,11,23,0mASymbol ParameterConditions Min.Typ.Max.Unit R0Resistance 0°C T=0°C, I M <1mA -1000-⍀R25Resistance 25°C T=25°C, I M = 3mA (c)110011411200⍀R100Resistance 100°C T=100°C, I M <1mA-1618-⍀Tolerance class B (d)-55 to 0°C -±(0.4+0.028 x ¦T¦)-°C Tolerance class B (d)0 to 150°C -±(0.4+0.007 x ¦T¦)-°C ⌬RLong Term stability:1000h at 150°C0.1%Characteristics according to DIN43760Resistance at a given temperature R(T) = R0 x (1 + A x T + B x T 2 + C x T 4+ D x T 6)Formula for temperature at a given resistancecoefficients:A = -412.6B = 140.41C = 0.00764D = -6.25 x 10-17E = -1.25 x 10-24Self heatingFor accurate temperature measurement it's recommended to choose a small current in order to avoid self heating of the resistor. The temperature failure caused by the measurement current can be calculated with:⌬T = P/EKwhere P = I² * R is the heat power caused by the measurement current and EK is the self heating coefficient.The self heating coefficient for the Ni1000-SOT is: EK = (1.7 ± 0.3) mW/K (Air: 23°C; no air flow).R0Resistance at 0°C B 6.650 x 10-6T Temperature in °C C 2.805 x 10-11 A5.485 x 10-3D-2.000 x 10-17T R ()A B 1C R ×+×D R 5×E R7×+++=Package outline - SOT23Note: Controlling dimensions are in millimeters. Approximate dimensions are provided in incheslimeters Inches limeters Inches Min.Max.Min.Max.Min.Max.Min.Max.A - 1.12-0.044e1 1.90 NOM0.075 NOMA10.010.100.00040.004E 2.10 2.640.0830.104b 0.300.500.0120.020E1 1.20 1.400.0470.055c 0.0850.200.0030.008L 0.250.600.00980.0236D 2.803.040.1100.120L10.450.620.0180.024e0.95 NOM 0.037 NOM-----Zetex sales offices EuropeZetex GmbHKustermann-park Balanstraße 59D-81541 München GermanyTelefon: (49) 89 45 49 49 0Fax: (49) 89 45 49 49 49europe.sales@AmericasZetex Inc700 Veterans Memorial Highway Hauppauge, NY 11788USATelephone: (1) 631 360 2222Fax: (1) 631 360 8222usa.sales@Asia PacificZetex (Asia Ltd)3701-04 Metroplaza Tower 1Hing Fong Road, Kwai Fong Hong KongTelephone: (852) 26100 611Fax: (852) 24250 494asia.sales@Corporate HeadquartersZetex Semiconductors plcZetex Technology Park, Chadderton Oldham, OL9 9LL United KingdomTelephone: (44) 161 622 4444Fax: (44) 161 622 4446hq@© 2007 Published by Zetex Semiconductors plcDefinitionsProduct changeZetex Semiconductors reserves the right to alter, without notice, specifications, design, price or conditions of supply of any product or service. Customers are solely responsible for obtaining the latest relevant information before placing orders.Applications disclaimerThe circuits in this design/application note are offered as design ideas. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the circuit is fit for the user’s application and meets with the user’s requirements. No representation or warranty is given and no liability whatsoever is assumed by Zetex with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Zetex does not assume any legal responsibility or will not be held legally liable (whether in contract,tort (including negligence), breach of statutory duty, restriction or otherwise) for any damages, loss of profit, business, contract,opportunity or consequential loss in the use of these circuit applications, under any circumstances.Life supportZetex products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Zetex Semiconductors plc. As used herein:A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which:1.are intended to implant into the body or2.support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user.B. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected tocause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness.ReproductionThe product specifications contained in this publication are issued to provide outline information only which (unless agreed by the company in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or be regarded as a representation relating to the products or services concerned. Terms and ConditionsAll products are sold subjects to Zetex’ terms and conditions of sale, and this disclaimer (save in the event of a conflict between the two when the terms of the contract shall prevail) according to region, supplied at the time of order acknowledgement.For the latest information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact your nearest Zetex sales office.Quality of productZetex is an ISO 9001 and TS16949 certified semiconductor manufacturer.To ensure quality of service and products we strongly advise the purchase of parts directly from Zetex Semiconductors or one of our regionally authorized distributors. For a complete listing of authorized distributors please visit: /salesnetworkZetex Semiconductors does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any parts purchased through unauthorized sales channels.ESD (Electrostatic discharge)Semiconductor devices are susceptible to damage by ESD. Suitable precautions should be taken when handling and transporting devices.The possible damage to devices depends on the circumstances of the handling and transporting, and the nature of the device. The extent of damage can vary from immediate functional or parametric malfunction to degradation of function or performance in use over time.Devices suspected of being affected should be replaced.Green complianceZetex Semiconductors is committed to environmental excellence in all aspects of its operations which includes meeting or exceeding reg-ulatory requirements with respect to the use of hazardous substances. Numerous successful programs have been implemented to reduce the use of hazardous substances and/or emissions.All Zetex components are compliant with the RoHS directive, and through this it is supporting its customers in their compliance with WEEE and ELV directives.Product status key:“Preview”Future device intended for production at some point. Samples may be available “Active”Product status recommended for new designs “Last time buy (LTB)”Device will be discontinued and last time buy period and delivery is in effect “Not recommended for new designs”Device is still in production to support existing designs and production “Obsolete”Production has been discontinued Datasheet status key:“Draft version”This term denotes a very early datasheet version and contains highly provisional information, whichmay change in any manner without notice.“Provisional version”This term denotes a pre-release datasheet. It provides a clear indication of anticipated performance.However, changes to the test conditions and specifications may occur, at any time and without notice.“Issue”This term denotes an issued datasheet containing finalized specifications. However, changes tospecifications may occur, at any time and without notice.分销商库存信息:DIODESZNI1000TA ZNI1000TC。
ECI1000网络控制卡硬件手册
ECI1000网络控制卡硬件手册Version 1.3版权说明本手册版权归深圳市正运动技术有限公司所有，未经正运动公司书面许可，任何人不得翻印、翻译和抄袭本手册中的任何内容。
涉及ECI控制器软件的详细资料以及每个指令的介绍和例程，请参阅ZBASIC软件手册。
本手册中的信息资料仅供参考。
由于改进设计和功能等原因，正运动公司保留对本资料的最终解释权！内容如有更改，恕不另行通知！调试机器要注意安全！请务必在机器中设计有效的安全保护装置，并在软件中加入出错处理程序，否则所造成的损失，正运动公司没有义务或责任对此负责。
目录ECI1000网络控制卡硬件手册 (1)第一章控制卡简介 (1)1.1 连接配置 (1)1.2 安装和编程 (2)1.3 产品特点 (2)第二章硬件描述 (3)2.1 ECI1000系列型号规格 (3)2.1.1 订货信息： (3)2.2 ECI1000接线 (4)2.2.1 电源接口： (5)2.2.2 CAN接口: (5)2.2.3 RS232接口: (5)2.2.4 通用输入信号： (6)2.2.4.1 输入0-8： (6)2.2.4.2 输入9-17： (7)2.2.4.3 输入18-26： (7)2.2.4.4 输入27-35： (7)2.2.5 通用输出: (8)2.2.5.1 输出0-5 (8)2.2.5.2 输出6-11 (8)2.2.6 轴0/1接口信号： (9)2.2.7 轴2/3接口信号： (9)2.2.8 轴接线参考 (10)2.2.8.1 低速差分脉冲口接线参考 (10)2.2.8.2 高速差分脉冲口接线参考 (11)第三章扩展模块 (13)3.1 扩展模块CAN总线、输入输出、电源接线参考： (13)第四章常见问题 (14)第五章硬件安装 (15)5.1 ECI1000安装 (15)第一章控制卡简介ECI是正运动技术推出的网络运动控制卡型号简称。
ECI1000系列控制卡支持最多达6轴直线插补、任意圆弧插补、空间圆弧、螺旋插补、电子凸轮、电子齿轮、同步跟随、虚拟轴设置等；采用优化的网络通讯协议可以实现实时的运动控制。
铝锌铜牌号对照表
C2100 C2200 C2300 C2400 C2600 C2700 C2720 C2800 C2801
CZ125 CZ101 CZ102 CZ103 CZ106 CZ107 CZ108 CZ109(C u60) CZ109(C u60)
CuZn5 CuZn10 CuZn15 CuZn20 CuZn30 CuZn36 CuZn37 CuZn40 CuZn40
铝锌铜材料中外牌号对照 美 国 德国DIN ASTM UNS X53CrMnNiN2 1· 09 X15CrNiSi20· 12 K63008 K63017 S30900 S31000 N08330 K66286 S30400 S30908 S31008 S31600 K66009
AISI
日本JIS SUH35 SUH37
X5CrNi18· 9 X7CrNi23· 14 X12CrNi25· 21 X50NiCrWV1 313
304S15
Z6CN18· 09 Z10CNS25· 13 Z12CN25· 20 Z6CND17· 12 Z35CNWS14· 14
SUS310S 310S31 SUS316 SUH31 316S31 331S42
C86300 C86200
HBsC4 HBsC3
HTB2 HTB1
C86500
铸造黄铜 铸造黄铜 铸造黄铜 铸造黄铜 铸造黄铜 铸造黄铜 加工青铜 加工青铜 加工青铜 加工青铜 加工青铜 加工青铜 加工青铜 加工青铜 加工青铜 加工青铜 加工青铜 加工青铜 加工青铜 加工青铜 加工青铜
ZCuZn38Mn2Pb2 ZCuZn40Mn2 ZCuZn40Mn3Fe1 ZCuZn33Pb2 ZCuZn40Pb2 ZCuZn16Si4 QSn4-3 QSn4-4-2.5 QSn4-4-4 QSn6.5-0.1 QSn6.5-0.4 QSn7-0.2 QSn4-0.3 QAI5 QAI7 QAI9-2 QAI9-4 QAI10-3-1.5 QAI10-4-4 QAI11-66 QAI9-5-1-1
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氣體純化系統目錄分佈品質管理供應全球半導體市場所需之高效能、高品質的整體解決方案。
在日本和全球銷售、服務體系佈建90個分公司以支援半導體市場。
設備部門已取得ISO-9001、14001以及OHSAS18001 認證，並遵循SEMI-S2和CE認證的標準，製造氣體純化器、廢氣處理系統。
3,000m3/Hr 等級■標準型氣體純化器■低溫氫氣純化器500m3/Hr 等級■ISO 14001 : 2004■OHSAS 18001 : 2007●型號●純化系統O2、CO、H2 透過觸媒去除，CO2、H2O透過吸附劑去除。
●純化原理(觸媒/吸附)純化: 2Ni+O2→2NiO Ni+CO→Ni(CO)H2由觸媒吸附。
再生: NiO+H2→Ni+H2ONi(CO)+3H2→Ni+CH4+H2O■保證規格＊TPNP-100C 型。
＊非標準規格請與我們聯繫確認。
●型號●純化系統藉由Getter去除不純物至極小的程度。
●純化原理(Getter)2Zr+O2→2ZrO2Zr+N2→2ZrN2Zr+CO→ZrC+ZrO2Zr+H2O→Zr(H2)+ZrO3Zr+CO2→ZrC+2ZrO3Zr+CH4→ZrC+2Zr(H2)■保證規格＊TPAG / TPRG-100H型。
＊非標準規格請與我們聯繫確認。
●型號●純化系統CH4、CO、H2透過觸媒氧化成 CO2、H2O後透過吸附劑去除。
●純化原理(觸媒)2CO+O2→2CO2CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2O2H2+O2→2H2O■保證規格＊TPKP型可淨化空氣。
＊非標準規格請與我們聯繫確認。
■保證規格＊非標準規格請與我們聯繫確認。
●型號●純化系統O2、CO透過觸媒去除，CO2、H2O透過吸附劑去除。
●純化原理 (觸媒/吸附)純化: 2Ni+O2→2NiO Ni+CO→Ni(CO)再生: NiO+H2→Ni+H2O Ni(CO)+3H2→Ni+CH4+H2O●型號●純化系統CH4、CO、N2、O2、CO2、H2O透過低溫吸附劑去除。
NEMA 1000
NEMA MW 1000 M AGNET W IRENEMA Standards Publication MW 1000-2003Magnet WirePublished byNational Electrical Manufacturers Association1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847Rosslyn, Virginia 22209© Copyright 2003 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions.NOTICE AND DISCLAIMERThe information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document.The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications.NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or seller’s products or services by virtue of this standard or guide.In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication.NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safety–related information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.MW1000-2003Page iCONTENTSPage Foreword (xi)How to Use this Publication (xii)Part 1 GENERAL1.1 Scope (1)1.2 Normative References and Authorized Engineering Information (AEI) (1)1.3 Definitions (2)1.4 Materials (4)1.4.1 Conductors – Round, Square, and Rectangular, Copper and Aluminum (4)1.4.2 Insulating Materials (4)1.5 Manufacturing (5)of Insulation (5)1.5.1 Application1.5.2 Intermediate Sizes (5)1.5.3 Joints (5)1.5.4 Packaging (6)Conditions and Parameters (6)1.6 Test1.6.1 Safety Statement (6)of Specimens (6)1.6.2 Selection1.6.3 AmbientConditions of Test (6)Frequency (6)1.6.4 Power1.6.5 Mandrels (7)and Square Wire (7)1.6.6 Rectangular1.6.7 Round Wire (7)Conformance (8)1.6.8 Periodic1.6.9 Retests (8)1.7 Unitsof Measure (8)Class of Magnet Wire (8)1.8 Thermal1.9 OrderingInformation (8)Identification Number (8)1.9.1 ProductOrdering Data (9)1.9.2 MinimumTables1-1 Dimensions for Bare and Film Insulated Round Magnet Wire (10)1-2 Round Copper Wire, Ultra Fine Sizes by Resistance (14)1-3 Dimensions for Round Film Insulated Self-Bonding Magnet Wire (15)1-4 Dimensions for Single Glass Fiber Covered Round Bare,Single Film Coated and Heavy Film Coated Wire (17)1-5 Dimensions for Double Glass Fiber Covered Round Bare,Single Film Coated and Heavy Film Coated Wire (19)1-6 Dimensions for Single Polyester Glass Fiber Covered Round Bare,Single Film Coated and Heavy Film Coated Wire (21)1-7 Dimensions for Double Polyester Glass Fiber Covered Round Bare,Single Film Coated and Heavy Film Coated Wire (23)1-8 Dimensions and Radii for Rectangular Bare Wire (25)Conductor Tolerances (25)Rectangular1-9 BareMW 1000-2003Page ii1-10 Film Insulated Rectangular Magnet WireIncrease in Thickness and Width Due to Film Coating (25)of Square Bare Wire (26)1-11 Dimensions1-12 Heavy and Quadruple Film Insulated Square Magnet WireIncrease in Dimensions Due to Film Coating (27)1-13 Range of Increase in Dimensions, InchesSingle Glass Fiber Covered Heavy Film Insulated Rectangular Copper Wire (28)1-14 Range of Increase in Dimensions, InchesDouble Glass Fiber Covered Bare Rectangular Copper Wire (29)1-15 Range of Increase in Dimensions, InchesDouble Glass Fiber Covered Heavy Film Coated Rectangular Copper Wire (30)1-16 Range of Increase in Dimensions, InchesSingle Polyester Glass Fiber Covered Heavy Film Insulated Rectangular Copper Wire (31)1-17 Range of Increase in Dimensions, InchesDouble Polyester Glass Fiber Covered Bare Rectangular Copper Wire (32)1-18 Range of Increase in Dimensions, InchesDouble Polyester Glass Fiber Covered Heavy Film Coated Rectangular Copper Wire (33)1-19 Single Glass Fiber Covered, Heavy Film Insulated Square Copper Magnet Wire– Minimum Increase and Maximum Overall Dimensions Due to Insulation (34)1-20 Single Polyester Glass Fiber Covered Heavy Film Insulated Square Copper Magnet Wire-Minimum Increase and Maximum Overall Dimensions Due to Insulation (35)1-21 Double Glass Fiber Covered, Bare or Heavy Film Insulated Square Copper Magnet Wire–Minimum Increase and Maximum Overall Dimensions Due to Insulation (36)1-22 Double Polyester Glass Fiber Covered, Bare or Heavy Film Insulated Square Copper Magnet Wire–Minimum Increase and Maximum Overall Dimensions Due to Insulation (37)1-23 Comparison Between AWG and IEC R-40 Series Bare Wire Diameters (38)1-24 Comparison Between NEMA and IEC Increases and Overall Diameters (40)MW1000-2003Page iiiCONTENTS (continued)Part 2 PROPERTIES AND REQUIREMENTSSpecification Number ThermalClassRound Rectangularand SquarePageNo.MW 2-C Polyurethane for solderable applications(Single and Heavy)105 X — 2MW 3-C Polyurethane with self-bonding overcoat forsolderable applications (Types 1 and 2)105 X — 3 MW 5-C Polyester (Single and Heavy) 155 X — 4MW 6-C Polyamide (Single and Heavy) 105 X — 5MW 9-C Epoxy (Single, Heavy, and Triple) 130 X — 6MW 14-C Epoxy (Heavy and Quadruple) 130 — X 7MW 15-A Polyvinyl Acetal (Single and Heavy) 105 X — 8MW 15-C Polyvinyl Acetal (Single, Heavy, and Triple) 105 X — 9MW 16-C Polyimide (Single Heavy, Triple, andQuadruple)240 X — 10–17MW 17-C Polyvinyl acetal overcoated with polyamide(Single and Heavy)105 X — 18 MW 18-A Polyvinyl acetal (Heavy and Quadruple) 105 — X 19MW 18-C Polyvinyl acetal (Heavy and Quadruple) 105 — X 20MW 19-C Polyvinyl acetal with self-bonding overcoat(Types 1, 2 and 3)105 X — 21 MW 20-C Polyimide (Heavy and Quadruple) 240 — X 22MW 24-A Polyester (amide) (imide) overcoated withpolyamide (Single and Heavy)155 X — 23MW 24-C Polyester (amide) (imide) overcoated withpolyamide (Single, Heavy and Triple)155 X — 24MW 26-C Polyester (imide) for solderable applications(Single and Heavy)155 X — 25MW 27-C Polyester (imide) overcoated with polyamidefor solderable applications (Single and Heavy)155 X — 26MW 28-A Polyurethane overcoated with polyamide forsolderable applications (Single and Heavy)130 X — 27MW 28-C Polyurethane overcoated with polyamide forsolderable applications (Single and Heavy)130 X — 28MW 29-C Polyurethane overcoated with polyamide andself-bonding overcoated for solderableapplications (Types 1 and 2)105 X — 29MW 30-C Polyester (amide) (imide) (Single, Heavy, andTriple)180 X — 30MW 31-C Paper covered 90 or105X — 31MW 32-C Double paper single cotton covered 90 or105— X 32–33MW 33-C Paper covered 90 or105— X 34MW 1000-2003Page ivPart 2 PROPERTIES AND REQUIREMENTSSpecification Number ThermalClassRound Rectangularand SquarePageNo.MW 35-A Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamideimide (Single and Heavy)220 X — 35MW 35-C Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamideimide (Single, Heavy and Triple)200 X — 36MW 36-A Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamideimide (Heavy and Quadruple)220 — X 37MW 36-C Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamideimide (Heavy and Quadruple)200 — X 38 MW 41-C Glass fiber covered (Single and Double) 155 X — 39MW 42-C Glass fiber covered (Single and Double) 155 — X 40MW 43-C Glass fiber covered silicone treated(Single and Double)200 — X 41MW 44-C Glass fiber covered silicone treated(Single and Double)200 X — 42MW 45-C Polyester glass fiber covered(Single and Double)155 X — 43MW 46-C Polyester glass fiber covered(Single and Double)155 — X 44MW 47-C Polyester glass fiber covered silicone treated(Single and Double)200 X — 45MW 48-C Polyester glass fiber covered silicone treated(Single and Double)200 — X 46 MW 50-C Glass fiber covered, High Temperatureorganic varnish treated (Single and Double)180 X — 47MW 51-C Polyester glass fiber covered, HighTemperature organic varnish treated (Singleand Double)180 X — 48MW 52-C Glass fiber covered, High Temperatureorganic varnish treated (Single or Double)180 — X 49MW 53-C Polyester glass fiber covered, HighTemperature organic varnish treated (Singleand Double)180 — X 50MW 60-A Aromatic polyamide paper covered (Paper) 220 — X 52–53MW 60-C Aromatic polyamide paper covered (Paper) 220 — X 54–55MW 61-A Aromatic polyamide paper covered (Paper) 220 X — 56–57MW 61-C Aromatic polyamide paper covered (Paper) 220 X — 58–59MW 62-C Aromatic Polyimide tape covered 220 — X 60MW 63-C Aromatic Polyimide tape covered 220 X — 61MW 72-C Polyester (amide)(imide) for HermeticApplications (Heavy)180 X — 62MW 73-A Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamideimide for Hermetic Applications220 X — 63MW 73-C Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamideimide for Hermetic Applications200 X — 64 MW 74-A Polyester (amide)(imide) (Single and Heavy) 220 X — 65(continued)MW1000-2003Page v Part 2 PROPERTIES AND REQUIREMENTSSpecification Number ThermalClassRound Rectangularand SquarePageNo.MW 74-C Polyester (amide)(imide) (Single and Heavy) 200 X — 66MW 75-C Polyurethane for solderable applications(Single and Heavy)130 X — 67MW 76-A Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamide (Single and Heavy)180 X — 68MW 76-C Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamide (Single, Heavy and Triple)180 X — 69MW 77-C Polyester (imide) for solderable applications(Single and Heavy)180 X — 70MW 78-C Polyester (imide) overcoated with polyamidefor solderable applications (Single and Heavy)180 X — 71MW 79-C Polyurethane for solderable applications(Single, Heavy and Triple)155 X — 72MW 80-A Polyurethane overcoated with polyamide forsolderable applications (Single and Heavy)155 X — 73MW 80-C Polyurethane overcoated with polyamide forsolderable applications (Single, Heavy, Triple)155 X — 74 MW 81-C Polyamideimide (Single and Heavy) 220 X — 75MW 82-C Polyurethane for solderable applications(Single, Heavy and Triple)180 X — 76MW 83-C Polyurethane overcoated with polyamide forsolderable applications (Single, Heavy,Triple)180 X — 77MW 102-A Polyester (Amide) (Imide) overcoated withpolyamideimide and self-bonding overcoat(Type 1 and Type 2)180 X — 78MW 102-C Polyester (Amide) (Imide) overcoated withpolyamideimide and self-bonding overcoat(Type 1 and Type 2)180 X — 79TablesS (MW 16-C) Polyimide Single Film Insulated Round Copper Magnet Wire, Thermal Class 240 (11)H (MW 16-C) Polyimide Heavy Film Insulated Round Copper Magnet Wire, Thermal Class 240 (13)T (MW 16-C) Polyimide Triple Film Insulated Round Copper Magnet Wire, Thermal Class 240 (15)Q (MW 16-C) Polyimide Quadruple Film Insulated Round Copper Magnet Wire, Thermal Class 240..17PC (MW 32-C) Range of Increase in Dimensions (Inches) Due to Double Paper Single Cotton Covering (33)PR (MW 60-A) Increase in Dimensions of Rectangular Wire Due to Paper Covering (53)PSQ (MW 60-A) Dimensions 1–4/0 AWG (53)PR (MW 60-C) Increase in Dimensions of Rectangular Wire Due to Paper Covering (55)PSQ (MW 60-C) Dimensions 1–4/0 AWG (55)PR (MW 61-A) Dimensions 4/0–9 AWG (57)PR (MW 61-C) Dimensions 4/0–9 AWG (59)TR (MW 63-C) Insulated Wire Dimensions (61)(continued)MW 1000-2003Page viCONTENTS (continued)Part 2PROPERTIES AND REQUIREMENTS LISTING BY THERMAL CLASS, INSULATION, COATING AND FORMThermal Class Insulation, Covering and Form See Part 2, SectionAluminumCopperPageNo. FILM INSULATED ROUND MAGNET WIRE105 Polyamide -MW6-C 5105 Polyvinyl acetal MW 15-A MW 15-C 8, 9105 Polyvinyl acetal overcoated with polyamide - MW 17-C 18105 Solderable Polyurethane - MW 2-C 2105 Solderable Polyurethane and self-bonding overcoat - MW 3-C 3105 Solderable Polyurethane overcoated with polyamide and self-bonding overcoat -MW29-C 29105 Polyvinyl acetal and self-bonding overcoat - MW 19-C 21 130 Epoxy -MW9-C 6 130 Solderable Polyurethane overcoated with polyamide MW 28-A MW 28-C 27, 28 130 Solderable Polyurethane - MW 75-C 67 155 Polyester -MW5-C 4 155 Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated with polyamide MW 24-A MW 24-C 23, 24 155 Solderable Polyester (imide) - MW 26-C 25 155 Solderable Polyester (imide) overcoated with polyamide - MW 27-C 26 155 Solderable Polyurethane - MW 79-C 72 155 Solderable Polyurethane overcoated with polyamide MW 80-A MW 80-C 73, 74 180 Polyester(amide)(imide) -MW30-C30 180 Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated with polyamide MW 76-A MW 76-C 68, 69 180 Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamideimide and self-bonding overcoatMW 102-A MW 102-C 78, 79 180 Solderable Polyester (imide) - MW 77-C 70 180 Solderable Polyester (imide) overcoated with polyamide - MW 78-C 71 180 Hermetic Polyester (amide)(imide) - MW 72-C 62 180 Solderable Polyurethane - MW 82-C 76 180 Solderable Polyurethane overcoated with Polyamide - MW 83-C 77200 Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamideimide -MW35-C 36200 Polyester(amide)(imide) -MW74-C66200 Hermetic Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamideimide -MW73-C 64220 Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamideimideMW 35-A - 37 220 Polyester(amide)(imide) MW74-A- 65 220 Hermetic Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamideimideMW 73-A - 64 220 Polyamideimide MW81-C75 240 Hermetic Polyimide - MW 16-C 10–17FILM INSULATED RECTANGULAR AND SQUARE WIREMW1000-2003Page viiPart 2PROPERTIES AND REQUIREMENTS LISTING BY THERMAL CLASS, INSULATION, COATING AND FORMThermal Class Insulation, Covering and Form See Part 2, SectionAluminumCopperPageNo. 105 Polyvinyl acetal MW 18-A MW 18-C 19, 20130 Epoxy -MW14-C7200 Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamideimide -MW36-C 38220 Polyester (amide)(imide) overcoated withpolyamideimideMW 36-A - 37 240 Polyimide -MW20-C22 FIBROUS COVERED ROUND MAGNET WIRE90 or 105 Paper covered - MW 31-C 31 155 Glass fiber covered - MW 41-C 39 155 Polyester glass fiber covered - MW 45-C 43180 Glass fiber covered, High temperature organicvarnish treated -MW50-C 47180 Polyester glass fiber covered, High temperatureorganic varnish treated -MW51-C 48200 Glass fiber covered, silicone treated - MW 44-C 42 200 Polyester glass fiber covered, Silicone treated - MW 47-C 45 220 Aromatic polyamide paper covered MW 61-A MW 61-C 56–59 220 Aromatic polyimide tape covered - MW 63-C 61FIBROUS COVERED RECTANGULAR & SQUARE MAGNET WIRE90 or 105 Double paper, Single cotton covered - MW 32-C 32–33 90 or 105 Paper covered - MW 33-C 34 155 Glass fiber covered - MW 42-C 40 155 Polyester glass fiber covered - MW 46-C 44180 Glass fiber covered, High temperature organicvarnish treated -MW52-C 49180 Polyester glass fiber covered, High temperatureorganic varnish treated -MW53-C 50200 Glass fiber covered, Silicone treated - MW 43-C 41 200 Polyester glass fiber covered, Silicone treated - MW 48-C 46 220 Aromatic polyamide paper covered MW 60-A MW 60-C 52–55 220 Aromatic polyimide tape covered - MW 62-C 60MW 1000-2003Page viiiCONTENTS (continued)Part 3 TEST PROCEDURES3.1 Safety Statement (1)ROUTINE TESTS3.2 Dimensions (1)3.2.1 Round Wire (1)and Square Wire (3)3.2.2 Rectangularand Flexibility (3)3.3 Adherence3.3.1 Elongation and Mandrel Wrap Method (3)Wrap Method (4)3.3.2 Mandrel3.3.3 Elongation Method (4)Cut and Elongation Method (4)3.3.4 Circumferential3.3.5 Bend and Shot Dielectric Method (4)3.3.6 Flat and Edge Bend Method (4)3.4 Elongation (4)3.5 Heat Shock (6)3.6 Reserved (6)3.7 Springback (Specified for Copper Conductors Only) (6)3.7.1 MandrelWrap Method (6)3.7.2 Deflection Method (All Rectangular and Round Sizes Larger than 14 AWG) (10)3.8 Dielectric Breakdown (11)Procedure—General (11)3.8.1 TestElectrode Method (11)3.8.2 FoilPair Method (12)3.8.3 TwistedPair Method (14)3.8.4 Wound3.8.5 Layer Method (14)Method (14)3.8.6 Bend3.8.7 Cylinder Method (15)3.9 Continuity (17)3.9.1 General (17)3.9.2 High-Voltage Direct Current Continuity (14-44 AWG) (17)3.9.3 Low-Voltage Direct Current Continuity (45-56 AWG) (18)3.10 Completeness of Cure (19)3.10.1 Toluene-Ethanol Boil Method (19)3.10.2 Dissipation Factor Method (20)3.11 Reserved (22)3.12 Coverage (22)3.12.1 Mandrel Wrap Method (22)3.12.2 Flat Bend Method (22)3.13 Solderability (22)3.13.1 General (22)3.13.2 Self-Supported Specimen Method (14-36 AWG) (22)3.13.3 Fixture-Supported Specimen Method (37-56 AWG) (22)MW 1000-2003Page ixPERIODIC CONFORMANCE TESTS3.50 Thermoplastic Flow (24)3.50.1 Apparatus (24)3.50.2 Procedure (24)3.51 Solubility (25)3.51.1 Round Film Insulated Wire (10 AWG and Finer)........................................................25 3.51.2 Round Wire Larger than 10 AWG, Rectangular and Square Wire ............................25 3.52Dielectric Strength at Rated Temperature...............................................................................26 3.52.1 Test Procedure...........................................................................................................26 3.53Reserved.................................................................................................................................26 3.54Transformer Oil Resistance and Hydrolytic Stability...............................................................26 3.54.1 Principal of Test..........................................................................................................26 3.54.2 Test Apparatus...........................................................................................................26 3.54.3 Short Term Exposure Test.........................................................................................26 3.54.4 Long Term Exposure Test..........................................................................................27 3.55Refrigerant (R-22) Extraction ..................................................................................................27 3.55.1 Preparation of Specimens..........................................................................................28 3.55.2 Environmental Conditioning .......................................................................................28 3.55.3 Collecting Residue......................................................................................................29 3.55.4 Determination of Results............................................................................................30 3.56Retained Dielectric after R-22 Conditioning............................................................................30 3.57Bond ........................................................................................................................................31 3.57.1 Preparation of Specimens (31)3.57.2 Heating and Solvent Bonding.....................................................................................31 3.57.3 Room Temperature Bonding......................................................................................32 3.57.4 Elevated Temperature Bond Test Procedure.............................................................32 3.58Thermal Endurance.................................................................................................................33 3.58.1 Test Procedure...........................................................................................................33 3.59Scrape Resistance..................................................................................................................33 3.59.1 Apparatus...................................................................................................................33 3.59.2 Test Procedure...........................................................................................................34 Tables3.2.1Specification for Micrometer Anvil Diameter and Spindle Force...............................................2 3.3.1Adherence and Flexibility: Elongation and Mandrel Diameters ................................................3 3.4.1Minimum Percent Elongation, Square and Rectangular Wire...................................................4 3.4.2 MinimumPercent Elongation, Round Wire...............................................................................5 3.5.1Heat Shock: Elongation and Mandrel Diameters......................................................................6 3.7.1Springback - Mandrel Wrap Method..........................................................................................9 3.8.2Minimum Dielectric Breakdown Voltage—Foil Method...........................................................12 3.8.3.1Twisted Pair Method: Tensions and Rotations........................................................................12 3.8.3.2Minimum Dielectric Breakdown Voltage—Twisted Pair Method.............................................13 3.8.6 BendMethod Mandrel Sizes...................................................................................................14 3.8.7.1Rate of Increase in Voltage—Cylinder Method.......................................................................15 3.8.7.2 Cylinder Method Test Loads (16)MW 1000-2003Page x3.8.7.3 Minimum Dielectric Breakdown Voltage—Cylinder Method (16)3.9.2.1 Test Voltage (DC Volts ±5%) and Maximum Fault Count per 100 Feet (17)3.9.2.2 Threshold Fault Current (18)Continuity—Maximum Fault Count per 100 Feet (19)3.9.3 Low-Voltage3.50.2 Thermoplastic Flow Test Loads (24)Vessel Components (27)3.54.4 PressureSiphonCup Dimensions (28)3.55.1 TypicalTest Parameters (31)3.57.1 Bond3.59.1 Standard Scrape Resistance of Round Film Insulated Magnet Wire (35)3.59.2 Reduced Scrape Resistance of Round Film Insulated Magnet Wire (35)Figuresthe Springback Scale (7)3.7.1.1 Detailsof3.7.1.2 Springback Tester After Winding a Coil Under Tension (8)3.7.1.3 Photograph of Possible Appearance of the Springback Scales (8)3.7.2 Apparatus for Springback Deflection Method (10)PairSpecimen Winder (14)3.8.4 WoundApparatusfor Cylinder Method (15)3.8.7 Test3.9.3 Bath of Mercury or Other Suitable Material (19)3.10.2 Electrode and Specimen Arrangement for Dissipation Factor Test (21)Test Specimen Fixture (23)3.13.3 Solderability3.51.1 MachineSolubility Scrape (25)forExtractable Siphon Cup (28)3.55.1 Refrigerant3.55.2 Condenser Coil (29)3.55.3 Condenser Coil Siphon Cup Assembly (29)CoilPrep Fixture (31)3.57.1 BondStrength Test Fixture (32)3.57.3.1 BondTest Fixture (32)3.57.3.2 Bond3.59.1 MachineScrape Resistance (34)forAppendicesA Reference Test Conditions and Procedures for Film-Insulated Magnet Wire....................................A–1B Magnet Wire Packaging and Labeling................................................................................................B–11000-2003MWPage xiForewordThis publication supersedes NEMA Standards Publication MW 1000-1997. It is currently under review by ANSI for approval as an American National Standard.The standards contained in this publication are periodically reviewed by the NEMA Magnet Wire Section for revisions considered to be necessary to keep them up to date with changes in technology. Proposedor recommended revisions should be submitted to:Vice President, EngineeringNational Electrical Manufacturers Association1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847Rosslyn, Virginia 22209These standards were developed by the Magnet Wire Section of NEMA, working closely with representatives of various industries that use magnet wire. At the time they were approved, the Magnet Wire Section had the following members:Bridgeport Insulated Wire Company—Bridgeport, CTElektrisola, Inc.—Boscawen, NHMagnekon—San Nicolas, NL, MexicoNexans—Markham, ON, CanadaPhelps Dodge Magnet Wire Company—Fort Wayne, INRea Magnet Wire Company, Inc.—Fort Wayne, INRea Algonquin Osceola Manufacturing Plant (formerly Southwire Company)—Osceola, AREssex Group, Inc.—Fort Wayne, INUniversal Lighting Technologies—Gallman, MSMW 1000-2003Page xiiHow to Use This PublicationPart 1 (blue, if in print) of this publication deals with information common to all types of magnet wire, that is, ordering information, general material requirements, general test conditions, definitions and manufacturing data in support of thermal rating. This part also includes dimensions with metric equivalents for all bare, minimum insulation increase, and overall dimensions for all Part 2 MW specification requirements. The exception to this is MW 16, where the dimensional and other requirements are provided in Part 2.Part 2 (yellow, if in print) consists of product specifications requirements (other than dimensions) for magnet wire with different types of coatings and/or coverings. Insofar as possible, the product specifications are complete on one sheet since they are arranged to include only one insulation or covering per sheet. The title on each individual sheet identifies the product. (Example: MW 15-C, Polyvinyl Acetal Round Copper Magnet Wire. MW 15-A covers the aluminum version of the same generic product).Part 3 (green, if in print) contains the test procedures to be followed and corresponding tables of specific test values to be attained in determining compliance with the requirements given in Part 2. The requirements are consolidated with the test procedures and testing parameters for a given property. An index of the main test paragraphs is given beginning on page viii of the Table of Contents.Appendix A (green, if in print) provides a cross reference between test procedures in this Standards Publication and those published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).Appendix B (tan, if in print) consists of definitions, requirements, and recommended test procedures for reusable magnet wire packaging, standardized dimensions for spools and reels, and formatting for the labeling of magnet wire products.First, review Part 1 for general information. Then in Part 2 locate the specification for the type of insulation and conductor of interest. Part 2 is arranged in numerical order as shown beginning on page ii. The dimensions for each Part 2 MW type are provided in Part 1 beginning with Table 1-1. The specification in Part 2 will indicate the requirements to be met and will refer to the test procedures and corresponding test values to be attained in Part 3.。
场强仪NI—1000及中波场强测量
场强仪NI—1000及中波场强测量作者：张玲来源：《科技资讯》 2015年第6期张玲国家新闻出版广电总局五四二台北京102445摘要：场强测试是评价和衡量广播信号覆盖状况的主要手段，场强的强弱是广播发射台站使用中重点关注指标之一。
随着经济的发展，实现了场强测量自动化，缩短了测量时间，实现了场强的移动测量。
本文主要介绍NI—1000工作原理，以及用NI—1000测量中波频率的场强，最后对收听效果进行分析。
关键字：NI—1000场强中波场强测量中图分类号：G220.7场强测试是评价和衡量广播信号覆盖状况的主要手段，场强的强弱是广播发射台站使用中重点关注指标之一。
随着经济的发展，实现了场强测量自动化，缩短了测量时间，实现了场强的移动测量。
通过实地测试，获取现有条件下的无线广播覆盖情况、收听质量情况及干扰情况。
一、 NI—1000介绍NI-1000 是一款符合ITU 规范建议的高性能广播测量监测模块组合，适用于频谱监测和无线电信号分析等应用。
NI-1000广播测量监测模块组由嵌入式控制器、射频下变频器和高速中频采集器等三个主要模块和一个工业标准PXI机箱组成，NI-1000可以工作在扫频模式和解调模式。
扫频模式适用于频谱监测和信号检测，在这种模式下可以进行宽带监测，并找出感兴趣的信号。
解调模式适用于信号分析和识别，在这种模式下可以解调监听信号、分析调制参数和确认信号调制方式。
解调模式又分为模拟解调和数字解调两种子模式。
1.1、NI—1000原理射频下变频模块将从天线接受到的射频信号下变频至中频信号，然后高速中频采集模块对中频信号进行数字化采集。
并对采集到的数据进行处理。
控制器中有测量监测软件，用户既可通过外部设备控制测量监测模块，也可通过以太网连接对模块进行远程控制和数据传输。
射频下变频模块将任一带宽为20MHz的信号中心频率变频至15MHz。
硬件总是对20MHz的频段进行下变频处理，得到的中频频段输送至高速中频采集模块进行数字化采集和进一步处理。
(精美版)现代汉语常用字表(次常用字1000字,汉语拼音字母顺序)
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募 睦 穆 钠 娜 捺
匿 腻 溺 撵 碾 镊 孽 柠
虐 懦 糯 鸥 藕
现代汉语常用字表（汉语拼音字母顺序）次常用字（1000 字）
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现代汉语常用字表（汉语拼音字母顺序）次常用字（1000 字）
lƒn l‚ng l‚o l„o l†I l‡I lˆI l†ng l‰ lŠ l‹ lŒ
lIƒn lI„ng lIo lI‚o
吻 嗡 瓮 涡 巫 芜 捂 坞 昔 蟋 媳 铣 匣 锨 涎 铣 腺 厢 翔 萧 淆 肖 楔
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蜗 诬 梧 蜈 鹉 晤 晰 犀 熙 嬉
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徙 侠 暇 辖 舷
xu‚n xuƒn xu„n xu… x‘n x”n
湘 镶 硝 箫 嚣 哮 啸 蝎
窖 秸 芥 襟 荆 阱 靖 窘 鸠 玖 臼 驹 沮 炬 鹃 眷 诀 倔 钧 峻 咖 揩 楷
酵 诫 兢 鲸
kn kƒn kng kƒo k„o k… k‡ k‡n k…ng
灸 韭 疚
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倔 爵
ku‹ kuŒ k‘n
骏 竣
ku l‚I l„I l‚n
1000个最常用汉字使用频率排名（注音版）
1000个最常用汉字使用频率排名（注音版）1000个最常用汉字使用频率排名（注音版）汉语常用字只有3000多个，最常用的1000个汉字，使用频率在90%以上！使用频率排名前5个汉字（使用频率之和为10%）：的de 一y ī 是sh ì 了le 我w ǒ使用频率排名第（6~17）个汉字（使用频率之和为10%）：不b ù 人r én 在z ài 他t ā 有y ǒu 这zh è 个ɡè 上sh àn ɡ 们m én 来l ái 到d ào 时sh í使用频率排名第(18~42)个汉字（使用频率之和为10%）：大d à 地d ì 为w éi 子z ǐ 中zh ōn ɡ 你n ǐ 说shu ō 生sh ēn ɡ 国ɡu ó 年ni án 着zhe 就ji ù那n à 和h é 要y ào 她t ā 出ch ū 也y ě 得d é 里l ǐ 后h òu 自z ì 以y ǐ 会hu ì使用频率排名第(43~79)个汉字（使用频率之和为10%）：家ji ā 可k ě 下xi à 而ér 过ɡu ò 天ti ān 去q ù 能n én ɡ 对du ì 小xi ǎo 多du ō 然r án 于y ú 心x īn 学xu é 么me 之zh ī 都d ōu 好h ǎo 看k àn 起q ǐ 发f ā 当d ān ɡ 没m éi 成ch én ɡ只zh ǐ 如r ú 事sh ì 把b ǎ 还h ái 用y òn ɡ 第d ì 样y àn ɡ 道d ào 想xi ǎn ɡ 作zu ò 种zh ǒn ɡ 开k āi使用频率排名第(80~140)个汉字（使用频率之和为10%）：美m ěi 总z ǒn ɡ 从c ón ɡ 无w ú 情q ín ɡ 己j ǐ 面mi àn 最zu ì 女n ǚ 但d àn 现xi àn 前qi án 些xi ē 所su ǒ 同t ón ɡ 日r ì 手sh ǒu 又y òu 行x ín ɡ 意y ì 动d òn ɡ 方f ān ɡ 期q ī 它t ā 头t óu 经j īn ɡ 长zh ǎn ɡ 儿ér 回hu í 位w èi 分f ēn 爱ài 老l ǎo 因y īn 很h ěn 给ɡěi 名m ín ɡ 法f ǎ 间ji ān 斯s ī 知zh ī 世sh ì 什sh én 两li ǎn ɡ 次c ì 使sh ǐ 身sh ēn 者zh ě 被b èi 高ɡāo 已y ǐ 亲q īn 其q í 进j ìn 此c ǐ 话hu à 常ch án ɡ 与y ǔ 活hu ó 正zh èn ɡ 感ɡǎn使用频率排名141-232的汉字（这92个汉字的频率之和为10%）见ji àn 明m ín ɡ 问w èn 力l ì 理l ǐ 尔ěr 点di ǎn 文w én 几j ǐ 定d ìn ɡ 本b ěn 公ɡōn ɡ 特t è 做zu ò 外w ài 孩h ái 相xi ān ɡ 西x ī 果ɡu ǒ 走z ǒu 将ji ān ɡ 月yu è 十sh í 实sh í 向xi àn ɡ 声sh ēn ɡ 车ch ē 全qu án 信x ìn 重zh òn ɡ 三s ān 机j ī 工ɡōn ɡ 物w ù 气q ì 每m ěi并b ìn ɡ 别bi é 真zh ēn 打d ǎ 太t ài 新x īn 比b ǐ 才c ái 便bi àn 夫f ū 再z ài 书sh ū 部b ù 水shu ǐ 像xi àn ɡ 眼y ǎn 等d ěn ɡ 体t ǐ 却qu è 加ji ā 电di àn 主zh ǔ 界ji è 门m én 利l ì 海h ǎi 受sh òu 听t īn ɡ 表bi ǎo 德d é 少sh ǎo 克k è 代d ài 员yu án 许x ǔ 稜di é 先xi ān 口k ǒu 由y óu 死s ǐ 安ān 写xi ě 性x ìn ɡ 马m ǎ 光ɡu ān ɡ 白b ái 或hu ò 住zh ù 难n án 望w àn ɡ 教ji ào 命m ìn ɡ 花hu ā 结ji é 乐l è 色s è使用频率排名233-380的汉字（148个汉字，使用频率之和10%) 更ɡèn ɡ 拉l ā 东d ōn ɡ 神sh én 记j ì 处ch ù 让r àn ɡ 母m ǔ 父f ù 应y īn ɡ 直zh í 字z ì 场ch ǎn ɡ 平p ín ɡ 报b ào 友y ǒu 关ɡu ān 放f àn ɡ 至zh ì 张zh ān ɡ 认r èn 接ji ē 告ɡào 入r ù 笑xi ào 内n èi 英y īn ɡ 军j ūn 候h òu 民m ín 岁su ì 往w ǎn ɡ 何h é 度d ù 山sh ān 觉ju é 路l ù 带d ài万w àn 男n án 边bi ān 风f ēn ɡ 解ji ě 叫ji ào 任r èn 金j īn 快ku ài 原yu án 吃ch ī 妈m ā 变bi àn 通t ōn ɡ 师sh ī 立l ì 象xi àn ɡ 数sh ù 四s ì 失sh ī 满m ǎn 战zh àn 远yu ǎn 格ɡé 士sh ì 音y īn 轻q īn ɡ 目m ù 条ti áo 呢ne 病b ìn ɡ 始sh ǐ 达d á 深sh ēn 完w án 今j īn 提t í 求qi ú 清q īn ɡ 王w án ɡ 化hu à 空k ōn ɡ 业y è 思s ī 切qi è 怎z ěn 非f ēi 找zh ǎo 片pi àn 罗lu ó 钱qi án紶j ī 吗m ɑ 语y ǔ 元yu án 喜x ǐ 曾c én ɡ 离l í 飞f ēi 科k ē 言y án 干ɡàn 流li ú 欢hu ān 约yu ē 各ɡè 即j í 指zh ǐ 合h é 反f ǎn 题t í 必b ì 该ɡāi 论l ùn 交ji āo 终zh ōn ɡ 林l ín 请q ǐn ɡ 医y ī 晚w ǎn 制zh ì 球qi ú 决ju é 窢èr 传chu án 画hu à 保b ǎo 读d ú 运y ùn 及j í 则z é 房f án ɡ 早z ǎo 院yu àn 量li àn ɡ 苦k ǔ 火hu ǒ 布b ù 品p ǐn 近j ìn 坐zu ò 产ch ǎn 答d á 星x īn ɡ 精j īn ɡ 视sh ì 五w ǔ 连li án 司s ī 巴b ā使用频率排名第(382-500)个汉字（使用频率之和为10%）：奇q í 管ɡu ǎn 类l èi 未w èi 朋p én ɡ 且qi ě 婚h ūn 台t ái 夜y è 青q īn ɡ 北b ěi 队du ì 久ji ǔ 乎h ū 越yu è 观ɡu ān 落lu ò 尽j ìn 形x ín ɡ 影y ǐn ɡ 红h ón ɡ 爸b à 百b ǎi 令l ìn ɡ 周zh ōu 吧b ɑ 识sh í 步b ù 希x ī 亚y à 术sh ù 留li ú 市sh ì 半b àn 热r è 送s òn ɡ 兴x īn ɡ 造z ào 谈t án 容r ón ɡ 极j í 随su í 演y ǎn 收sh ōu 首sh ǒu 根ɡēn 讲ji ǎn ɡ 整zh ěn ɡ 式sh ì 取q ǔ 照zh ào 办b àn 强qi án ɡ 石sh í 古ɡǔ 华hu á 諣zh á 拿n á 计j ì 您n ín 装zhu ān ɡ 似s ì 足z ú 双shu ān ɡ 妻q ī 尼n í 转zhu ǎn 诉s ù 米m ǐ 称ch ēn ɡ 丽l ì 客k è 南n án 领l ǐn ɡ 节ji é 衣y ī 站zh àn 黑h ēi 刻k è 统t ǒn ɡ 断du àn 福f ú 城ch én ɡ 故ɡù 历l ì 惊j īn ɡ 脸li ǎn 选xu ǎn 包b āo 紧j ǐn 争z h ēn ɡ 另l ìn ɡ 建ji àn 维w éi 绝ju é 树sh ù 系x ì 伤sh ān ɡ 示sh ì 愿yu àn 持ch í 千qi ān 史sh ǐ 谁shu í 准zh ǔn 联li án 妇f ù 纪j ì 基j ī 买m ǎi 志zh ì 静j ìn ɡ 阿ā 诗sh ī 独d ú 复f ù 痛t òn ɡ 消xi āo 社sh è 算su àn使用频率排名第(501-631)个汉字（使用频率之和为10%）：算su àn 义y ì 竟j ìn ɡ 确qu è 酒ji ǔ 需x ū 单d ān 治zh ì 卡k ǎ 幸x ìn ɡ 兰l án 念ni àn 举j ǔ 仅j ǐn 钟zh ōn ɡ 怕p à 共ɡòn ɡ 毛m áo 句j ù 息x ī 功ɡōn ɡ 官ɡu ān 待d ài 究ji ū 跟ɡēn 穿chu ān 室sh ì 易y ì 游y óu 程ch én ɡ 号h ào 居j ū 考k ǎo 突t ū 皮p í 哪n ǎ 费f èi 倒d ǎo 价ji à 图t ú 具j ù 刚ɡān ɡ 脑n ǎo 永y ǒn ɡ 歌ɡē 响xi ǎn ɡ 商sh ān ɡ礼l ǐ 细x ì 专zhu ān 黄hu án ɡ 块ku ài 脚ji ǎo 味w èi 灵l ín ɡ 改ɡǎi 据j ù 般b ān 破p ò 引y ǐn 食sh í 仍r én ɡ 存c ún 众zh òn ɡ 注zh ù 笔b ǐ 甚sh èn 某m ǒu 沉ch én 血xu è 备b èi 习x í 校xi ào 默m ò 务w ù 土t ǔ 微w ēi 娘ni án ɡ 须x ū 试sh ì 怀hu ái 料li ào 调di ào 广ɡu ǎn ɡ 蜖t īn ɡ 苏s ū 显xi ǎn 赛s ài 查ch á 密m ì 议y ì 底d ǐ 列li è 富f ù 梦m èn ɡ 错cu ò 座zu ò 参c ān 八b ā 除ch ú 跑p ǎo 亮li àn ɡ 假ji ǎ 印y ìn 设sh è 线xi àn 温w ēn 虽su ī 掉di ào 京j īn ɡ 初ch ū 养y ǎn ɡ香xi ān ɡ 停t ín ɡ 际j ì 致zh ì 阳y án ɡ 纸zh ǐ 李l ǐ 纳n à 验y àn 助zh ù 激j ī 够ɡòu 严y án 证zh èn ɡ 帝d ì 饭f àn 忘w àn ɡ 趣q ù 支zh ī使用频率排名第(632-1000)个汉字（使用频率之和为10%）：春ch ūn 集j í 丈zh àn ɡ 木m ù 研y án 班b ān 普p ǔ 导d ǎo 顿d ùn 睡shu ì 展zh ǎn 跳ti ào 获hu ò 艺y ì 六li ù 波b ō 察ch á 群q ún 皇hu án ɡ 段du àn 急j í 庭t ín ɡ 创chu àn ɡ 区q ū 奥ào 器q ì 谢xi è 弟d ì 店di àn 否f ǒu 害h ài 草c ǎo 排p ái 背b èi 止zh ǐ 组z ǔ 州zh ōu 朝ch áo 封f ēn ɡ 睛j īn ɡ 板b ǎn 角ji ǎo 况ku àn ɡ 曲q ǔ 馆ɡu ǎn 育y ù 忙m án ɡ 质zh ì 河h é 续x ù 哥ɡē 呼h ū 若ru ò 推tu ī 境j ìn ɡ 遇y ù 雨y ǔ 标bi āo 姐ji ě 充ch ōn ɡ 围w éi 案àn 伦l ún 护h ù 冷l ěn ɡ 警j ǐn ɡ 贝b èi 著zh ù 雪xu ě 索su ǒ 剧j ù 啊ɑ 船chu án 险xi ǎn 烟y ān 依y ī 斗d òu 值zh í 帮b ān ɡ 汉h àn 慢m àn 佛f ó 肯k ěn 闻w én 唱ch àn ɡ 沙sh ā 局j ú 伯b ó 族z ú 低d ī 玩w án 资z ī 屋w ū 击j ī 速s ù 顾ɡù 泪l èi 洲zh ōu 团tu án 圣sh èn ɡ 旁p án ɡ 堂t án ɡ 兵b īn ɡ 七q ī 露l ù 园yu án 牛ni ú 哭k ū 旅l ǚ 街ji ē 劳l áo 型x ín ɡ 烈li è 姑ɡū 陈ch én 莫m ò 鱼y ú 异y ì 抱b ào 宝b ǎo 权qu án 鲁l ǔ 简ji ǎn 态t ài 级j í 票pi ào 怪ɡu ài 寻x ún杀sh ā 律l ǜ 胜sh èn ɡ 份f èn 汽q ì 右y òu 洋y án ɡ 范f àn 床chu án ɡ 舞w ǔ 秘m ì 午w ǔ 登d ēn ɡ 楼l óu 贵ɡu ì 吸x ī 责z é 例l ì 追zhu ī 较ji ào 职zh í 属sh ǔ 渐ji àn 左zu ǒ 录l ù 丝s ī 牙y á 党d ǎn ɡ 继j ì 托tu ō 赶ɡǎn 章zh ān ɡ 智zh ì 冲ch ōn ɡ 叶y è 胡h ú 吉j í 卖m ài 坚ji ān 喝h ē 肉r òu 遗y í 救ji ù 修xi ū 松s ōn ɡ 临l ín 藏z àn ɡ 担d ān 戏x ì 善sh àn 卫w èi 药y ào 悲b ēi 敢ɡǎn 靠k ào 伊y ī 村c ūn 戴d ài 词c í 森s ēn 耳ěr 差ch ā 短du ǎn 祖z ǔ 云y ún 规ɡu ī 窗chu ān ɡ 散s àn 迷m í 油y óu 旧ji ù 适sh ì 乡xi ān ɡ 架ji à 恩ēn 投t óu 弹d àn 铁ti ě 博b ó 雷l éi 府f ǔ 压y ā 超ch āo 负f ù 勒l è 杂z á 醒x ǐn ɡ 洗x ǐ 采c ǎi 毫h áo 嘴zu ǐ 毕b ì 九ji ǔ 冰b īn ɡ 既j ì 状zhu àn ɡ 乱lu àn 景j ǐn ɡ 席x í 珍zh ēn 童t ón ɡ 顶d ǐn ɡ 派p ài 素s ù 脱tu ō 农n ón ɡ 疑y í 练li àn 野y ě 按àn 犯f àn 拍p āi 征zh ēn ɡ 坏h u ài 骨ɡǔ 余y ú 承ch én ɡ 置zh ì 臓m ō 彩c ǎi 灯d ēn ɡ 巨j ù 琴q ín 免mi ǎn 环hu án 姆m ǔ 暗àn 换hu àn 技j ì 翻f ān 束sh ù 增z ēn ɡ 忍r ěn 餐c ān 洛lu ò 塞s ài 缺qu ē 忆y ì 判p àn 欧ōu 层c én ɡ 付f ù 阵zh èn 玛m ǎ 批p ī 岛d ǎo 项xi àn ɡ 狗ɡǒu 休xi ū 懂d ǒn ɡ 武w ǔ 革ɡé 良li án ɡ 恶è 恋li àn 委w ěi拥y ōn ɡ 娜n à 妙mi ào 探t àn 呀y ɑ 营y ín ɡ 退tu ì 摇y áo 弄n òn ɡ桌zhu ō 熟sh ú 诺nu ò 宣xu ān 银y ín 势sh ì 奖ji ǎn ɡ 宫ɡōn ɡ 忽h ū 套t ào 康k ān ɡ 供ɡōn ɡ 优y ōu 课k è 鸟ni ǎo 喊h ǎn 降ji àn ɡ 夏xi à 困k ùn 刘li ú 罪zu ì 亡w án ɡ 鞋xi é 健ji àn 模m ó 败b ài 伴b àn 守sh ǒu挥hu ī 鲜xi ǎn 财c ái 孤ɡū 枪qi ān ɡ 禁j ìn 恐k ǒn ɡ 伙hu ǒ 杰ji é 迹j ì 妹m èi 藸sh ù 遍bi àn盖ɡài 副f ù 坦t ǎn 牌p ái 江ji ān ɡ 顺sh ùn 秋qi ū 萨s à 菜c ài 划hu à 授sh òu 归ɡu ī 浪l àn ɡ听t īn ɡ 凡f án 预y ù 奶n ǎi 雄xi ón ɡ 升sh ēn ɡ 碃ch ān ɡ 编bi ān 典di ǎn 袋d ài 莱l ái 含h án盛sh èn ɡ 济j ì 蒙m én ɡ棋q í 端du ān 腿tu ǐ 招zh āo 释sh ì 介ji è 烧sh āo 误w ù。
电子元器件zni1000中文资料_数据手册_IC数据表
1S E M I C O N D U C T O R SDESCRIPTIONThe ZNI1000is a Ni thin film Resistance TemperatureDetector (RTD),specified to DIN 43760.The high temperature coefficient offers higher signal outputs than other RTD’s,which results in higher accuracy with smaller temperature changes.FEATURES•Resistance at 0ЊC: 1000⍀•SOT23 package •Available on 8mm tapeAPPLICATIONS•Automotive electronic •Circuit protection•Temperature compensation •Temperature measurementDEVICE MARKING•ZNIZNI1000Issue 4 - April 2006TEMPERATURE SENSOR DEVICE REEL SIZE TAPE WIDTHQUANTITYPER REEL ZNI1000TA 7”8mm 3,000 units ZNI1000TC13”8mm10,000 unitsORDERING INFORMATIONTop ViewPINOUTSOT23Pin 1 - Ni1000Pin 2 - Ni1000Pin 3 - need a good thermal contact for a short response timehttps://https://https:// https https://https:// :// https://www.ichunhttps://www.ichun:// https://https://wwwhttps://https://httpshttps://CHARACTERISTICS ACCORDING TO DIN43760Resistance at a given temperatureR0Resistance at 0ЊC B 6.650 x 10-6T Temperature in ЊC C 2.805 x 10-11A 5.485*10-3D -2.000x 10-17R(T) = R0 x (1 + A x T + B x T 2+ C x T 4+ D x T 6)ZNI1000S E M I C O N D U C T O R SIssue 4 - April 20062PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNIT CONDITIONS Resistance 0°CR 0-1000-⍀T=0ЊC, I<1mAResistance 100°CR 100-1618-⍀T=100ЊC, I<1mA Tolerance class B -Ϯ(0.4+0.028 x ԽT Խ)--55 to 0°C Tolerance class B-Ϯ(0.4+0.007 x ԽT Խ)-0 to 150°CELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSPARAMETER SYMBOL LIMIT UNIT Continuous current I CC 4mA Total power dissipation P TOT 20mW Operating temperature range T amb -55 to +150°C Storage temperature rangeT stg-55 to +150°CABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGShttps://https://https://https://httpshttps://https:// https://wwwhttps://:// https://www.ichunhttps://www.ichun:// https://https://wwwhttps:// https://httpshttps://Formula for temperature at a given resistance:T R a bR cR dR()=+++23coefficients:a.= -232.2b.= 0.290c.= -66.65 x 10-6d.= -8.85 * 10-9Tolerances:Class B+/- (0,4 + 0,007 *|T|) in range from 0 to 150°C +/- (0,4 + 0,028 *|T|) in range from -55 to 0°C Specification:R 0= 1000 Ohm at 0°CTemperature range:operating -55 to +150°C storage -55 to +150°CLong Term stability:⌬R = 0,1 % after 1000 h at 150°C Measurement Current (DC):typ.1,2mA;max.5mASelf heatingFor accurate temperature measurement it's recommended to choose a small current in order to avoid self heatingof the resistor. The temperature failure caused by the measurement current can be calculated with:T = P/EKwhere P = I² * R is the heat power caused by the measurement current and EK is the self heating coefficient.The self heating coefficient for the Ni1000-SOT is EW=(1,7 ± 0,3) mW/K (Air: 23°C; no air flow)ZNI1000S E M I C O N D U C T O R SIssue 4 - April 20063https://https://https://https://httpshttps://https://https://wwwhttps:// :// https://www.ichunhttps://www.ichun:// https://https://wwwhttps://https://httpshttps://ZNI1000S E M I C O N D U C T O R SIssue 4 - April 20064https://httpshttps://https://www:// https://www.ichunhttps://www.ichun:// https://www https://httpshttps://CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS APPROX CONVERSIONS INCHESZNI1000S E M I C O N D U C T O R SIssue 4 - April 20065EuropeZetex GmbHStreitfeldstraße 19D-81673 München GermanyTelefon: (49) 89 45 49 49 0Fax: (49) 89 45 49 49 49europe.sales@AmericasZetex Inc700 Veterans Memorial Hwy Hauppauge, NY 11788USATelephone: (1) 631 360 2222Fax: (1) 631 360 8222usa.sales@Asia PacificZetex (Asia) Ltd3701-04Metroplaza Tower 1Hing Fong Road, Kwai Fong Hong KongTelephone: (852) 26100 611Fax: (852) 24250 494asia.sales@Corporate Headquarters Zetex Semiconductors plc Zetex Technology ParkChadderton, Oldham, OL9 9LL United KingdomTelephone (44) 161 622 4444Fax: (44) 161 622 4446hq@These offices are supported by agents and distributors in major countries world-wide.This publication is issued to provide outline information only which (unless agreed by the Company in writing)may not be used,applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or be regarded as a representation relating to the products or services concerned.The Company reserves the right to alter without notice the specification, design, price or conditions of supply of any product or service.For the latest product information,log on to ©ZetexSemiconductors plc 2005PACKAGE OUTLINEPAD LAYOUTDIM MillimetersInchesDIM MillimetersInchesMin Max Min Max Min Max Max Max A 2.67 3.050.1050.120H 0.330.510.0130.020B 1.20 1.400.0470.055K 0.010.100.00040.004C ᎏ 1.10ᎏ0.043L 2.10 2.500.0830.0985D 0.370.530.0150.021M 0.450.640.0180.025F 0.0850.150.00340.0059N 0.95 NOM0.0375 NOMG1.90 NOM 0.075 NOMᎏᎏᎏPACKAGE DIMENSIONShttps://https://httpshttps://https://https://www.ichun://https://wwwhttps://https://httpshttps://。
1000个最常用汉字使用频率排名
（注音版）汉语常用字只有3000 多个，最常用的1000 个汉字，使用频次在90%以上！使用频次排名前 5 个汉字（使用频次之和为10%）：de y īsh ìle w ǒ的一是了我使用频次排名第（6~17）个汉字（使用频次之和为10%）：b ùrén zài tāyǒu zh èɡèsh àn ɡm én l ái d ào sh í不人在他有这个上们到达时使用频次排名第(18~42) 个汉字（使用频次之和为10%）：dà d ìw éi zǐzh ōn ɡn ǐshu ōsh ēn ɡɡu óni án zhe 大地为子中你说生国年着ji ùn àh éyào tāch ūy ě d élǐh òu zìy ǐhu ì就那和要她出也得里后自以会使用频次排名第(43~79) 个汉字（使用频次之和为10%）：ji āk ěxi àérɡu òti ān q ùn énɡdu ìxi ǎo du ōr án 家可下而过天去能对小多然y úx īn xu éme zh ī d ōu h ǎo kàn q ǐfā d ānɡm éi 于心学么之都好看起发当没ch én ɡzh ǐrúsh ìb ǎh ái y òn ɡ d ìy ànɡ d ào xiǎn ɡzu ò成只如事把还用第样道想作zh ǒn ɡk āi种开使用频次排名第(80~140) 个汉字（使用频次之和为10%）：m ěi zǒn ɡcón ɡw úq ínɡjǐmi àn zu ìn ǚ d àn xi àn qi án 美总从无情己面最女但现前xiē su ǒt ónɡrìsh ǒu yòu xínɡy ì d òn ɡfān ɡqīt ā些所同日手又行意动方期它tóu jīnɡzh ǎnɡér hu íw èi f ēnài l ǎo y īn h ěnɡěi 头经长儿回位分爱老因很给m ínɡfǎji ān sīzh īsh ìsh én liǎn ɡcìsh ǐsh ēn zh ě名法间斯知世什两次使身者b èiɡāo y ǐq īn qíjìn cǐhu àch án ɡyǔhu ózh èn ɡ被高已亲其进此话常与活正ɡǎn感使用频次排名141-232的汉字（这92 个汉字的频次之和为10%）ji àn m ínɡw èn lìlǐěr di ǎn w én jǐ d ìnɡ b ěnɡōnɡ见明问力理尔点文几定本公t èzu òw ài h ái xi ān ɡxīɡuǒzǒu ji ān ɡyu èsh ísh í特做外孩相西果走将月十实xi àn ɡsh ēn ɡch ēqu án xìn zh òn ɡsān jīɡōnɡw ùq ìm ěi 向声车全信重三机工物气每b ìnɡbi ézh ēn d ǎt ài xīn b ǐcái bi àn fūzài sh ū b ù并别真打太新比才便夫再书部shu ǐ xi àn ɡy ǎn d ěnɡt ǐqu èji ādi àn zh ǔji èm én lì水像眼等体却加电主界门利h ǎi sh òu tīnɡbi ǎo d ésh ǎo k è d ài yu án xǔdi éxi ān海受听表德少克代员许稜先k ǒu yóu sǐān xiěxìnɡm ǎɡuānɡ b ái hu òzh ùn án 口由死安写性马光白或住难w àn ɡji ào m ìnɡhu āji élèsè望教命花结乐色使用频次排名 233-380 的汉字（ 148 个汉字，使用频次之和 10%)ɡènɡlā d ōn ɡsh én jìch ùr àn ɡm ǔ f ùy īnɡzh ízì更拉东神记处让母父应直字ch ǎn ɡp ínɡ b ào y ǒuɡuān f àn ɡzh ìzh ān ɡrèn ji ēɡào r ù场平报友关放至张认接告入xi ào n èi yīnɡjūn h òu m ín su ìw ǎnɡh é d ùsh ān ju é笑内英军候民岁往何度山觉l ù d ài w àn n án bi ān fēn ɡji ěji ào r èn jīn ku ài yu án ch ī路带万男边风解叫任金快原吃m āb i àn t ōnɡs h īlìxi àn ɡsh ùsìsh īm ǎn z h àn yu ǎn妈变通师立象数四失满战远ɡés h ìy īn qīnɡ m ùti áo ne b ìnɡs h ǐ d ásh ēn w án j īn格士音轻目条呢病始达深完今tíqi úq īnɡw án ɡhu àkōn ɡyèsīqi èzěn f ēi zh ǎo 提求清王化空业思切怎非找pi àn lu óqi án jīm ɑy ǔyu án x ǐcén ɡlí f ēi k ē片罗钱紶吗语元喜曾离飞科y ánɡàn liúhu ān yu ēɡèjízh ǐhé f ǎn t í b ìɡāi 言干流欢约各即指合反题必该lùn j i āo zh ōn ɡlín q ǐnɡyīw ǎn zh ìqi úju éèr chu án论交终林请医晚制球决窢传hu à b ǎo d úyùn jízé f án ɡzǎo yu àn li àn ɡk ǔhu ǒ画保读运及则房早院量苦火b ùpǐn jìn zu òch ǎn dáxīnɡj īnɡsh ìw ǔli án sī b ā布品近坐产答星精视五连司巴使用频次排名第(382-500) 个汉字（使用频次之和为10%）：q íɡuǎn lèi w èi p én ɡqi ěh ūn t ái y èq īnɡ b ěi du ì奇管类未朋且婚台夜青北队ji ǔh ūyu èɡuān lu òj ìn xínɡyǐnɡh ón ɡbà b ǎi lìnɡ久乎越观落尽形影红爸百令zh ōu b ɑsh í b ùxīy àsh ùli úsh ì b àn r èsòn ɡ周吧识步希亚术留市半热送xīnɡzào t án r ón ɡjísu íyǎn sh ōu sh ǒuɡēn ji ǎn ɡzh ěn ɡ兴造谈容极随演收首根讲整sh ìq ǔzh ào b àn qi án ɡsh íɡǔhu ázh ánájìn ín 式取照办强石古华諣拿计您zhu ānɡsìzúshu ānɡq īn ízhu ǎn sùm ǐch ēn ɡlì装似足双妻尼转诉米称丽k ènán lǐnɡjiéyīzh àn h ēi k èt ǒnɡdu àn f úch én ɡ客南领节衣站黑刻统断福城ɡùl ìjīnɡliǎn xu ǎn bāo jǐn zh ēn ɡlìnɡji àn w éi ju é故历惊脸选包紧争另建维绝shùxìsh ān ɡsh ìyu àn ch íqi ān sh ǐshu í zh ǔn li án fù树系伤示愿持千史谁准联妇jìjīm ǎi zh ìjìnɡāsh ī d ú f ùt òn ɡxi āo sh èsu àn 纪基买志静阿诗独复痛消社算使用频次排名第(501-631) 个汉字（使用频次之和为10%）：su àn yìjìnɡqu èji ǔxū d ān zh ìk ǎx ìnɡlán ni àn 算义竟确酒需单治卡幸兰念j ǔjǐn zh ōn ɡp àɡònɡm áo jùxīɡōnɡɡuān d ài ji ū举仅钟怕共毛句息功官待究ɡēn chu ān sh ìy ìyóu ch én ɡh ào j ūkǎo tūpín ǎ跟穿室易游程号居考突皮哪f èi dǎo ji àtújùɡānɡn ǎo y ǒn ɡɡēxi ǎn ɡsh ān ɡlǐ费倒价图具刚脑永歌响商礼x ìzhu ān hu án ɡku ài ji ǎo w èi línɡɡǎi jù b ān p òy ǐn 细专黄块脚味灵改据般破引sh írénɡcún zh òn ɡzh ù b ǐsh èn m ǒu ch én xu è b èi xí食仍存众注笔甚某沉血备习xi ào m òw ùtǔw ēi ni án ɡxūsh ìhu ái l i ào di àoɡuǎnɡ校默务土微娘须试怀料调广tīnɡsūxi ǎn sài ch ám ìyì d ǐlièfùm èn ɡcu ò蜖苏显赛查密议底列富梦错zu ò cān b āch ú p ǎo li àn ɡji ǎy ìn sh è xi àn w ēn su ī di ào座参八除跑亮假印设线温虽掉jīnɡch ūy ǎn ɡxi ān ɡt ínɡjìzh ìy án ɡzh ǐlǐn ày àn京初养香停际致阳纸李纳验zh ùjīɡòu yán zh èn ɡdìfàn w ànɡq ùzh ī助激够严证帝饭忘趣支使用频次排名第(632-1000) 个汉字（使用频次之和为10%）：ch ūn jízh àn ɡm ùy án b ān p ǔ d ǎo dùn shu ì zh ǎn ti ào 春集丈木研班普导顿睡展跳hu òy ìli ù b ōch áq ún hu án ɡdu àn jítínɡchu àn ɡq ū获艺六波察群皇段急庭创区ào q ìxi è d ìdi àn f ǒu h ài cǎo p ái b èi zh ǐzǔzh ōu 奥器谢弟店否害草排背止组州ch áo fēn ɡjīnɡbǎn ji ǎo ku àn ɡq ǔɡuǎn y ùm án ɡzh ìh é朝封睛板角况曲馆育忙质河x ùɡēh ūru òtu īj ìnɡyùy ǔbi āo ji ěch ōn ɡw éi 续哥呼若推境遇雨标姐充围àn lún h ùl ěn ɡjǐnɡ b èi zh ùxu ěsu ǒjùɑchu án 案伦护冷警贝著雪索剧啊船xiǎn yān y ī d òu zh í b ān ɡh àn m àn fók ěn w én ch àn ɡ险烟依斗值帮汉慢佛肯闻唱sh ājú b ózú d īw án zīwūjīsùɡùl èi zh ōu 沙局伯族低玩资屋击速顾泪洲tu án sh ènɡp án ɡtán ɡ b īnɡq īlùyu án ni úkūlǚji ē团圣旁堂兵七露园牛哭旅街láo xínɡli èɡūch én m òyúy ì b ào b ǎo qu án l ǔ劳型烈姑陈莫鱼异抱宝权鲁ji ǎn t ài jípi àoɡu ài xún sh ālǜsh èn ɡfèn q ìy òu 简态级票怪寻杀律胜份汽右yán ɡ f àn chu án ɡw ǔm ìw ǔ d ēn ɡlóuɡuìxīzélì洋范床舞秘午登楼贵吸责例zhu ī ji ào zh ísh ǔji àn zu ǒlùsīy á d ǎn ɡj ìtu ōɡǎn 追较职属渐左录丝牙党继托赶zh ān ɡzh ìch ōn ɡy èh újím ài jiān h ēr òu yíji ù章智冲叶胡吉卖坚喝肉遗救xi ūsōn ɡlín zàn ɡ d ān xìsh àn w èi y ào b ēiɡǎn k ào 修松临藏担戏善卫药悲敢靠y īcūn d ài císēněr ch ādu ǎn zǔy únɡuīchu ān ɡ伊村戴词森耳差短祖云规窗sàn míy óu ji ùsh ì xi ān ɡji àēn tóu d àn ti ě b ól éi散迷油旧适乡架恩投弹铁博雷fǔyāch āo fùl èzáx ǐnɡxǐcǎi h áo zu ǐ b ìji ǔ府压超负勒杂醒洗采毫嘴毕九b īnɡjìzhu àn ɡlu àn jǐnɡx ízh ēn t ón ɡ d ǐnɡpài sùtu ō冰既状乱景席珍童顶派素脱nón ɡyíli àn y ěàn f àn p āi zh ēnɡhu àiɡǔy úch én ɡ农疑练野按犯拍征坏骨余承zh ìm ōcǎi d ēn ɡjùqín mi ǎn hu án m ǔàn hu àn jì置臓彩灯巨琴免环姆暗换技fān s h ùzēn ɡr ěn cān lu òsài qu ē yìp ànōu cén ɡfù翻束增忍餐洛塞缺忆判欧层付zh èn m ǎp ī d ǎo xi àn ɡɡǒu xi ū d ǒn ɡw ǔɡélián ɡè阵玛批岛项狗休懂武革良恶li àn w ěi y ōn ɡn àmi ào tàn y ɑy ínɡtu ìy áo n òn ɡzhu ō恋委拥娜妙探呀营退摇弄桌shúnu òxu ān yín sh ìji ǎn ɡɡōnɡh ūtào k ān ɡɡōnɡy ōu 熟诺宣银势奖宫忽套康供优k èni ǎo hǎn jiàn ɡxi àkùn li úzu ìw án ɡxi éji àn m ó课鸟喊降夏困刘罪亡鞋健模b ài b àn sh ǒu hu īxiǎn cáiɡūqi ān ɡj ìn kǒn ɡhu ǒji é败伴守挥鲜财孤枪禁恐伙杰jìm èi sh ùbi ànɡài fùtǎn pái ji ānɡshùn qi ūsà迹妹藸遍盖副坦牌江顺秋萨cài hu àsh òuɡuī lànɡt īnɡfán yùn ǎi xi ón ɡsh ēn ɡch ān ɡ菜划授归浪听凡预奶雄升碃bi ān di ǎn d ài lái h án sh èn ɡj ìm én ɡq ídu ān tu ǐzh āo 编典袋莱含盛济蒙棋端腿招sh ìji èsh āo w ù释介烧误。
guanyubabadezuowen_yuanfangdebaba_woxiangni_1000zi_127337
关于爸爸的作文：远方的爸爸，我想你_1000字亲爱的老爸：您，还好吧？此时的夜，好深沉，好静谧！坐在书桌前的我，在熬完了一天繁多的作业后，不知怎的，突然有了一股想写信给你的冲动。
尽管现在时钟的滴答声提醒我已是11点了，尽管你平时也一再叮嘱要早点上床睡觉，尽管有太多的尽管，但我还是带着满腹的心事，选择握起了手中的笔，架起我们之间对话的桥梁……还记得吗？在踏如初三的门槛前，你曾调侃地问我――初三了，害怕吗？当时，稚气未泯的我听到了你莫名的质问，只是淡淡地笑了笑，然后坚定地回答有什么好怕的？不就是初三嘛！听到了我如此自信的回答后，你什么也没说，只是默默注视着我……可是如今，一切都改变了！我的生活不再像从前那样任性自在、充满阳光与天真了，每天功课的繁忙，常常会压得我喘不过气来，连课间，我也找不到安宁的小憩。
同学之间也不在向从前那样谈笑风生，相反，即使是课间他们也总是沉默在书本中，无法自拔。
上了初三，老师对我们的叮咛温柔了，也体贴了。
但这样的变化，总会默默给我带来紧张与不适啊！人在初三，果真有那么多无奈么？倾听太多高中生的抱怨的我，曾经怀疑过。
但当我以体验亲自证实之后，我才发觉，自己的想法太天真了！爸爸，如今我的自信消失的无影无踪了。
也许是我将初三想像地太简单了，也许是我将初三描绘得太美好了，一旦现实与幻想落差的太大时，我迷惘了！我迷失了自我！从前，在操场上叱咤风云的我，哪里去了？在课间活泼开朗的我，哪里去了？走进初三后的我，变了……爸爸，很是庆幸现在我还有可以交心的人！太多的烦恼，太多的心事，你能与儿子一起分担吗？时钟的滴答声依旧，我看着窗外霓虹闪烁的夜景，很无奈，也很失落。
是夜！夜凉如水，此时的我，又想起了从前……这一刻，眼眸中又不能自已地浮现出你略显肥胖的身影，脑海了闪过的是你的点点滴滴，其实，这样的感觉很是微妙……也许我们本不用在记忆了回忆对方，也许我们本不用只能在电话声了找到那分亲切与熟悉！但是你的决定，却改变了一切……也许你不知道，从小在深圳长大的我，对那儿的留恋有多深！毕竟那里收藏了我童年的印记，毕竟那里有太多我们共同的回忆，那里有我日夜想念的同学们，那里有我的老师和母校啊……我在故土之外的地方，度过了人生快乐的六年！可是，当我以高分获取了本地中学的录取通知书时，你却执意作出了令我耿耿于怀很久的决定――回家乡念书！那时，也许你永远也体会不到我撕心般的痛苦与埋怨！我不只一次又一次质问你，一次又一次地抗议与反对！而你，却是如此固执！终于，现实还是在我的泪水了定格了！踏上车子的那天，我什么也没对你说，甚至连一声告别都没有……现在，春夏秋冬在我未泯的记忆转了三个来回。
1000个高频汉字
1000高频汉字【最常用的140个汉字】（按使用频率从高到低的右序排列）（这140个汉字的使用频率之和为50%）：的de - y T 是sh i 了le 我w o 不b u 人r an 在z &i 他t a 有y ou 这zh a 个g a 上sh ang 们men 来l ai至U d ao 时sh i大d a地d i为w ai子z i中zh ong你n i说shu o生sh eng 国gu i 年ni an 着zhe 就ji u 那n a 和h a 要y ao 她t a出ch u也y e得d a里l i后h iu自z i以y i会hu i家ji a 可k e 下xi a 而ar 过gu i 天ti an 去q u 能n ang 对du i 小xi ao 多du o 然r an 于y u 心x Tn 学xu a 么me 之zh T 都d ou 好h ao 看k an 起q i 发f a 当d ang 没m ai 成ch ang 只zh T如r u事sh i把b a还h ai用y ing第d i样y ang道d ao 想xi ang 作zu i 种zh ong 开k ai 美m ei 总z ong 从c ing 无w u 情q ing 己j i面mi an 最zu i女n u 但d an 现xi an 前qi an 些xi e 所su o 同t ing 日r i 手sh ou 又y iu 行h ang 意y i 动d ing 方f ang 期q T 它t a 头t iu 经j Tng 长ch ang 儿ar 回hu i 位w ai 分 f en 爱ai 老l ao 因y Tn 彳艮h en 给g ei 名m ing 法f a 间ji an 斯s T 知zh T 世sh i 什sh an 两li ang 次c i使sh i身sh en 者zh e 被b ai高g ao 已y i亲q Tn 其q i 进j in止匕c i话hu a 常ch ang 与y u）舌hu i正zh ang 感g an【使用频率排名141-232的汉字】（这92个汉字的频率之和为10%）：见ji an 明m ing 问w an 力l i 理l i 尔er 点di an 文w an 几j i定d ing 本b en 公g ong 特t a 做zu i夕卜w ai 孩h ai相xi ang 西x T果gu o 走z ou 将ji ang 月yu a 十sh i实sh i 向xi ang 声sh eng 车ch e 全qu an 信x in 重zh ing 三s an 机j T 工g ong 物w u 气q i 每m ei 并b ing 另ij bi a 真zh en 打d a 太t ai 新x Tn 比b i 才c ai 便bi an 夫f u 再z ai 书sh u 部b u 水shu i 像xi ang 眼y an 等d eng 体t i 去口qu a 加ji a 电di an 主zh u 界ji a 门m an 利l i 海h ai 受sh iu 听t Tng 表bi ao 德d a 少sh ao 克k a 代d ai 员yu an 许x u 木麦l ing先xi an 口k ou由y iu死s i安an写xi e性x ing马m a 光gu ang 白b ai 或hu i 住zh u 难n an 望w ang 教ji ao 命m ing 花hu a 结ji a 乐l a 色s a【使用频率排名233-380的汉字】（148个汉字，使用频率之和10%）：更g ang 拉l a 东d ong 神sh an 记j i处ch u 让r ang 母m u 父f u 应y ing 直zh i字z i场ch ang 平p ing才艮b ao 友y ou 关gu an 放f ang 至zh i 张zh ang 认r an 接ji e 告g ao 入r u 笑xi ao 内n ai英y Tng 军j un 候h iu 民m in岁su i往w ang 何h a 度d u 山sh an 觉ji ao 路l u 带d ai万w an 男n an 边bi an 风f eng 解ji e 叫ji ao 任r an 金j Tn 快ku ai 原yu an 吃ch T 妈m a 变bi an 通t ong 师sh T 立l i 象xi ang 数sh u 四s i 失sh T 满m an 战zh an 远yu an 格g a ± sh i 音y Tn 轻q Tng目m u 条ti ao 呢ne 病b ing 始sh i达d a 深sh en 完w an 今j Tn 提t i 求qi u 清q Tng 王w ang 化hu a 空k ong 业y a 思s T 切qi e 怎z en 非f ei 找zh ao 片pi an 罗lu i钱qi an女去q u吗ma语y u元yu an喜x i曾c ang离l i 飞f ei 科k e 言y an 干g an 流li u 欢hu an 约yu e 各g a 即j i指zh i合h a反f an题t i必b i该g ai论l un交ji ao 终zh ong 林l in 请q ing 医y T 晚w an 制zh i 球qi u 决ju a 霰x u 传chu an 画hu a 保b ao 读d u 运y un 及j i则z a 房 f ang 早z ao 院yu an 量li ang 苦k u 火hu o 布b u 品p in 近j in 坐zu i 产ch an 答d a 星x Tng 精j Tng 视sh i 五w u 连li an司s T巴b a382-500 (5.43%)奇q i 管gu an 类 l ai 未w ai 朋p ang 且qi e 婚h un 台t ai 夜y a 青q Tng 北b ei 队du i 久ji u 乎h u 越yu a 观gu an 落lu i 尽j in 形x ing 影y ing 红h ing 爸b a 百b ai 令l ing 周zh ou吧ba识sh i步b u希x T亚y a术sh u留li u市sh i半 b an 热r a 送s ing 兴x ing 造z ao 谈t an 容r ing 极j i 随su i 演y an 收sh ou 首sh ou 根g en 讲ji ang 整zh eng 式sh i 取q u 照zh ao 办 b an 强qi ang 石sh i 古g u 华hu a 言商hu a 拿n a 计j i您n in 装zhu ang彳以s i足z u 双shu ang 妻q T尼n i转zhu an 诉s u 米m i称ch eng 丽l i客k a 南n an领l ing 节ji a 衣y T 站zh an 黑h ei 亥U k a 统t ong 断du an 福f u 城ch ang 故g u 历l ［惊j Tng 脸li an 选xu an 包b ao 紧j in 争zh eng 另l ing 建ji an 维w ai 绝ju a 树sh u 系x i 伤sh ang 示sh i 愿yu an 持ch i 千qi an 史sh i 谁shu i 准zh un联li an妇f u纪j i基j T买m ai志zh i静j ing阿 a 诗sh T 独d u 复f u 痛t ing 消xiao 社sh a 算su an 501-631 义y i 竞 j ing 确qu a 酒ji u 需x u 单d an 治zh i 卡k a 幸x ing 兰l an 念ni an 举j u 仅j in 钟zh ong 怕p a 共g ing 毛m ao 句j u 息x T 功g ong 官gu an 待d ai 究ji u 跟g en 穿chu an 室sh i 易y i 游you程ch ang号h ao居j u考k ao突t u皮p i哪n a费f ai 倒d ao 价ji a 图t u 具j u 刚g ang 脑n ao 永y ong 歌g e 响xi ang 商sh ang 礼l i 细x i 专zhu an 黄hu ang 块ku ai 脚ji ao 味w ai 灵"ng 改g ai 据j u 般b an 破p i 引y in 食sh i 仍r ang 存c un 众zh ing 注zh u 笔b i 甚sh an 某m ou 沉ch an 血xu a 备b ai 习x i 校xi ao 默m i 务w u ± t u 微w ei 娘ni ang 须x u 试sh i 怀hu ai 料li ao 调ti ao 广gu ang 蛔hu i 苏s u显xi an赛s ai查ch a密m i议y i底d i歹U li a富f u 梦m ang错cu i座zu i参c an八b a除ch u跑p ao 亮li ang 假ji a 印y in 设sh a 线xi an 温w en 虽su T 掉di ao京j Tng 初ch u 养y ang 香xi ang 停t ing 际j i 致zh i B日y ang纸zh i李l i纳n a验y an助zh u激j T够g iu严y an证zh ang 帝d i 饭f an 忘w ang 趣q u 支zh T632-1000 春ch un集j i 丈zh ang 木m u 研y an 班b an普p u 导d ao 顿d un睡shu i 展zh an 跳ti ao 获hu i 艺y i六li u 波b o 察cha 群q un 皇hu ang 段du an 急j i 庭t ing 创chu ang 区q u 奥ao 器q i 谢xi a弟d i店di an否f ou害h ai草c ao排p ai背b ai止zh i 组z u 州zh ou 朝ch ao 封f eng 睛j Tng 板 b an 角ji ao 况ku ang 曲q u 馆gu an 育y u 忙m ang 质zh i 河h a 续x u 哥g e呼h u若ru i推tu T境j ing遇y u雨y u标bi ao姐ji e 充ch ong 围w ai 案an 伦l un 护h u 冷l eng 警j ing 贝b ai 著zh u 雪xu e 索su o 居U j u 啊a 船chu an 险xi an 烟y an 依y T 斗d iu 值zh i帮b ang 汉h an 慢m an 佛f i肯k en 闻w an唱ch ang沙sh a局j u伯b i族z u低d T玩w an资z T屋w u击j T速s u顾g u泪l ai洲zh ou团tu an圣sh ang 旁p ang 堂t ang 兵b Tng 七q T 露l u 园yu an 牛ni u 哭k u旅l u街ji e劳l ao型x ing烈li a姑g u陈ch an莫m i 鱼y u 异y i 抱b ao 宝b ao 权qu an 鲁l u 简ji an 态t ai 级j i 票pi ao 怪gu ai 寻x un 杀sh a 律l u 胜sh ang 份f an 汽q i右y iu洋y ang范f an床chu ang舞w u秘m i午w u 登d eng楼l iu贵gu i吸x T责z a例l i追zhu T较ji ao职zh ।属sh u 渐ji an 左zu o 录l u 丝s T 牙y a 党d ang 继j i 托tu o 赶g an 章zh ang 智zh i 冲ch ong 叶y a 胡h u 吉j i 卖m ai坚ji an喝h e肉r iu遗y i救ji u修xi u松s ong临l in 藏 c ang 担 d an 戏x i 善sh an 卫w ai 药y ao 悲 b ei 敢g an 靠k ao 伊y T村c un 戴d ai词c i森s en 耳er 差ch a 短du an 祖z u 云y un 规gu T 窗chu ang 散s an 迷m i油y iu 旧ji u 适sh i 乡xi ang 架ji a 恩en 投t iu 弹d an 铁ti e 博b i雷l ai府f u压y a超ch ao负f u勒l a杂z a醒x ing 洗x i采c ai 毫h ao嘴zu i毕b i九ji u冰b Tng既j i状zhu ang 舌Llu an 景j ing 席x i 珍zh en 童t ing 顶d ing 派p ai 素s u 脱tu o 农n ing 疑y i 练li an 野y e 按an 犯f an 拍p ai 征zh eng 坏hu ai 骨g u 余y u 承ch ang 置zh i曦彩c ai灯d eng 巨j u 琴q in 免mi an 环hu an 姆m u 暗an 换hu an 技j i翻f an 束sh u 增z eng 忍r en 餐c an 洛lu i塞s ai缺qu e忆y i判p an欧ou层c ang付f u阵zh an 玛m a 批p T 岛d ao 项xiang 狗g ou 休xi u 懂d ong 武w u革g a良li ang恶a恋li an委w ei拥y ong娜n a妙mi ao 探t an 呀ya 营y ing 退tu i 摇y ao 弄n ing 桌zhu o 熟sh u 诺nu i 宣xu an 银y in 势sh i 奖ji ang 宫g ong 忽h u 套t ao 康k ang 供g ing 优y ou 课k a 鸟ni ao 喊h an 降ji ang 夏xi a 困k un 刘li u 罪zu i 亡w ang 鞋xi a 健ji an 模m i败b ai 伴b an守sh ou挥hu T鲜xi an财c ai孤g u枪qi ang 禁j in 恐k ong 伙hu o 杰ji a 迹j i 妹m ai 藉zh u遍bi an 盖g ai 副f u 坦t an 牌p ai 江ji ang 顺sh un 秋qi u萨s a 菜c ai 戈U hu a 授sh iu 归gu T 浪l ang 听t Tng 凡f an 预y u 奶n ai 雄xi ing 升sh eng 碃q ing 编bi an 典di an 袋dai 莱l ai 含h an 盛sh ang 济j i 蒙m ang 棋q i 端du an腿tu i 招zh ao 释sh i 介ji a 烧sh ao 误w u。
大学英语起点词汇1000带音标
absorb / əbˈsɔ:b/ vt.吸收，使专心abstract / ˈæbstrækt/ a.抽象的 n.摘要academic / ækəˈdemik/ a.学院的，学术的access / ˈækses/ n.接近，通道，入口accordingly / əˈkɔ:diŋli/ ad.因此，依照account / əˈkaunt/ n.记述，解释，帐目accurate /ˈækjurət/ a准确的，正确无误的accuse /əˈkju:z/ vt.指责，归咎于actual /ˈæktʃuəl/ a.实际的，现行的adapt /əˈdæpt/ vt.使适应，改编admit /ədˈmit/ vt.承认，准许…进入adopt /əˈdɔpt/ vt.收养，采用，采取adventure /ədˈventʃə / n.冒险，惊险活动affair / əˈfeə/ n.事情，事件；事务affect / əˈfekt/ vt.影响；感动afterward / ˈa:ftəwədz / ad.后来，以后agent /ˈeidʒənt/ n.代理人，代理商agriculture /ˈæɡriˌkʌltʃə/n.农业，农艺，农学aircraft / ˈeəkra:ft/ n.飞机，飞行器alarm / əˈla:m/ n.惊恐，忧虑；警报album /ˈælbəm/ n.集邮本，照相簿，唱片alcohol /ˈælkəˌhɔl/n.酒精，乙醇altogether /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðə/ad.完全，总而言之ambition /æmˈbiʃən/n.雄心，抱负，野心amount /əˈmaʊnt/ n.总数，数量，和amuse /əˈmjuːz/ vt.逗…乐，给…娱乐analyze /ˈænəlaiz/ vt.分析，分解，解析ancestor /ˈænsistə/ n.祖宗，祖先anniversary /ˌæniˈvəːsəri/ n.周年纪念日anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/ a.忧虑的，渴望的anyhow /ˈeniˌhaʊ/ ad.无论如何apologize /əˈpɔləˌdʒaiz/ vi.道歉，谢罪，认错apply /əˈplai/ vt.应用，实施，使用appointment /əˈpɔintmənt/ n.任命，约定，约会approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ vt.向…靠近 n.靠近architecture / ˈa:kitektʃə/ n.建筑学，建筑式样arrange / əˈreindʒ/ vt.筹备，整理，调解arrest /əˈrest/ vt.逮捕，拘留ash / æʃ/ n.灰，灰末，骨灰aspect /ˈæspekt/ n.方面，样子，外表assume/ əˈsju:m/ vt.假定，承担，呈现astonish / əsˈtɔniʃ/ vt.使惊讶，使吃惊atmosphere / ˈætməsˌfiə/ n.大气，气氛attach / əˈtætʃ/ vt.缚，系，贴，附加attend vt. / əˈtend/出席，照顾，护理audience /ˈɔ:djəns/n.听众，观众available /əˈveiləbl/ a. 可利用的，通用的average /ˈævəridʒ/ n.平均数 a.平均的award /əˈwɔ:d/ n. 奖，奖品，判定aware /əˈweə/ a.知道的，意识到的awful /ˈɔ:ful/ a.令人不愉快的badminton /ˈbædmintən/n.羽毛球baggage /ˈbægidʒ/ n.行李ban /bæn/ n.禁令 vt. 禁止，取缔bare /beə/ a. 仅仅的basin /ˈbeisn/n. 盆子，盆地basis / ˈbeisis/ n.基础，根据battery /ˈbætəri/ n.电池beard /biəd/ n. 胡须，络腮胡子beauty /ˈbju:ti/ n. 美，美丽，美人belly /ˈbeli/n.腹部，胃belong /bi ˈlɔŋ/ vi.属于，附属blanket /ˈblæŋkit/ n.毯子bleed / bli:d/ vi.流血block /blɔk/ n. 街区 vt.堵塞，拦阻bomb /bɔm/ n.炸弹 vt.轰炸border /ˈbɔ:də/ n.边缘，边界bother /ˈbɔðə/ vt.烦扰，迷惑 n.麻烦brake / breik/ n.闸，刹车 vi.制动branch / bra:ntʃ/ n.树枝，分部，分支brand / brænd/ n. 商品，烙印 vt.铭刻brick / brik/ n.砖块brief /bri:f/a.简短的vt.作简报broad /brɔ:d/a.宽的，阔的，广泛的broadcast /ˈbrɔ:dka:st/ n.广播，播音broom /bru:m/n. 扫帚bucket /ˈbΛkit/n.水桶，吊桶burden /ˈbə:dn/n.担子，负担，装载量butcher /ˈbutʃə/n. 屠夫，屠户button /ˈbΛtn/ n.扣子，按钮 vt.扣紧calculate /ˈkælkjuleit/vt.计算，估计，计划candidate /ˈkændidit/n.候选人，投考者carpet /ˈka:pit/n.地毯，毡毯，毛毯cart /ka:t/n.二轮运货马车case /keis/n.情况，事实，病例casual/ˈkæʒuəl/a.偶然的，随便的cattle /ˈkætl/n.牛，牲口，家畜cave /keiv/n.山洞，洞穴，窑洞centimeter /ˈsentimi:tə/n.厘米ceremony /ˈserəməuni/n.典礼，仪式，礼节channel /ˈtʃænəl/ n.海峡，渠道，频道chapter /ˈtʃæptə/ n.章，回，篇characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈristik/ a.特有的n.特性charge/tʃɑ:dʒ/ vt.索价，控告 n.费用chief /tʃi:f/a.主要的，首席的chimney/ˈtʃimni/n.烟囱cigar/siˈgɑ:/ n.雪茄cigarette /ˈsigəret/n.香烟citizen /ˈsitizən/ n.公民，市民，居民civil/ˈsivəl/ a.公民的，文职的climate/ˈklaimit/n.气候clinic/ˈklinik/ n.诊所，医务室，会诊cock /kɔk/ n.公鸡，龙头collar/ˈkɔlə / n.衣领b/kəʊm/ n.梳子 vt.梳理bine /kəmˈbain/ vt.使结合，兼有edy/ˈkɔmədi/ n.喜剧，喜剧场面fort/ˈkʌmfət / n.舒适，安慰 vt.安慰ment /ˈkɑ:ment/ n.评论，意见；注释mercial /kəˈmə:ʃl/a.商业的；商品化的mittee/kəˈmiti/ n.委员会；全体委员munism/ˈkɔ:mjunizəm/ n.共产主义panion /kəmˈpænjən/ n.同伴；共事者；伴侣munist /ˈkɔ:mjənist/ n.共产党员pete /kəmˈpit/vi.比赛；竞争；对抗plex/kəmˈpleks/ a.结合的；复杂的rade/ˈkɔ:mreid/ n.同志concentrate/ˈkɔ:nsəntreit/ vt.集中；聚集；浓缩concern /kənˈsə:n/n. 关心,挂念，关系conclusion/kənˈklu:ʒn/ n. 结论，推论，结尾concrete/ˈkɔŋkri:t/ n.混凝土， a.具体的，实在的conduct/kənˈdʌkt/ n.举止，行为，指导conconfident /ˈkɔnfidənt/ n.确信的，自信的confirm/kənˈfə:m/ vt.证实，肯定，批准conflict/ˈkɔnflikt, kənˈflikt/ n.争论，冲突，斗争confuse/ kənˈfju:z/ vt.使混乱，混淆congratulation/ kənˈgrætjuleitʃən/ n. 祝词，贺辞consist/ kənˈsist/ vi.由…组成constant/ˈkɔnstənt/ a.经常的，永恒的construction/kənˈstrΛkʃən/ n.建造，建筑物consume/kənˈsju:m/ vt.消耗，消费contain/kənˈtein/ vt.包含，容纳content/ ˈkɔntent, kənˈtent/ a.满意的，满足的continent/ ˈkɔntinənt/ n.大陆，洲contribute/ kənˈtribju : t/ vt.捐献，捐助，投稿convenient/ kənˈvi:njənt/ a.便利的，方便的convince/ kənˈvins/vt.使确信，使信服corn/ kɔ:n/ n.谷物，小麦cottage/ ˈkɔtidʒ/n.村舍，小屋counter/ ˈkauntə/ n.柜台，计数器court/ kɔ:t/n.法庭courtyard /ˈkɔːtˌjɑːd/ n. 庭院，院子crash/ kræʃ/ vi.碰撞，坠落 n.碰撞cream/ kri:m/ n.奶油creature/ˈkri:tʃə/ n.生物，创造物credit/ ˈkredit/ n.信用，分数crew/ kru:/ n.全体船员crime/ kraim/ n.罪，罪行，犯罪crop/ krɔp/ n.农作物，庄稼crossing/ krɔsiŋ/ v. 横越 n. 交叉口crowd/ kraud/ n.群，大众，一伙人cupboard/ ˈkΛbəd/ n.碗柜cure / kjuə/vt.医治 n.治愈curious/ kjuəriˈɔsiti/ a.好奇的，稀奇古怪的curtain /ˈkə:tn/n.帘，窗帘，幕布cushion /ˈkuʃən/n.垫子，坐垫，靠垫custom /ˈkΛstəm/n.习惯，风俗，海关customer/ˈkΛstəmə/ n.顾客，主顾cycle/ˈsaikl/ n.循环damage/dæmidʒ/ vt.损害，毁坏 n.损害damp/dæmp/ a.潮湿的darkness/'dɑ:knis / n.黑暗dawn/ dɔ:n / n.黎明，开端deadline/ˈdædlain/ n. 最终期限debate /diˈbeit/n.vi.争论，辩论debt/det/ n.债务，欠债declare/diˈklə/ vt.断言，声明decorate/ˈdekəreit/ vt.装饰decrease /diˈkri:s,di: ˈkri:s/vi.n.减少deed/di:d/ n.行为，功绩，契约defeat/diˈfi:t/ vt.战胜，击败defence/diˈfens/ n.防御，辩护defend/diˈfend/ vt.保卫，防守degree/diˈgri:/ n.程度，度，学位delay/diˈlei/ vt.推迟，耽搁，延误delete/diˈli:t/ vt.删除，擦掉delight/diˈlait/ n.快乐 vt.使高兴deliver /diˈlivə/ vt.投递，送交demand/diˈma:nd/ vt.要求，需要department/diˈpa:tmənt/ n.部，司，局，处，系depth/dept/ n.深度，深处description/disˈkripʃən/ n.描述；形容desert /ˈdezət,diˈzə:t/n.沙漠 vt.离弃，擅离deserve/diˈzə:v/ vt.应受，值得design/diˈzain/ vt.设计 n.设计，图样desire/diˈzaiə/ vt.相望，要求 n.愿望destination /ˌdestiˈneiʃən/n.目的地，终点，目标destroy/ diˈstrɔi / vt.破坏，消灭detect/diˈtekt/ vt.察觉，发觉，侦察determine/diˈtə:min/ vt.决定，决心devote/ diˈvəʊt / vt.将…奉献，致力于diagram /ˈdaiəgræm/ n.图解，图表，简图dial/daiəl/ n.钟面，拨号盘 vt.拨号diamond/ˈdaiəmənd/ n.钻石，菱形dictation/dikˈteiʃən/ n.口授diet/ˈdaiət/ n.饮食，食物differ/difə/ vi.不同，相异digest/didʒest,daidʒest/ vt.消化，领会 n.文摘digital/didʒitl/ a.数字的dirt/də:t/ n.尘，土，污垢disadvantage/disədva:ntidʒ/ n.缺点，弱点disagree/disgri:/ vi.不同意；不一致disappear/disəpiə/ vi.不见，失踪，消失disappoint/ˌdisəˈpɔint / vt.使失望disaster/diˈza:stə/ n.灾难discount/ˈdiskaunt, disˈkaunt / n.折扣vi.打折出售商品discriminate/disˈkrimineit/ vt.vi.区别对待，歧视dislike/disˈlaik/ vt.n.不喜爱，厌恶distance/distəns/ n.距离，远处distant/distənt/ a.在远处的，疏远的distinguish/ diˈstiŋɡwiʃ / vt.区别，辨别district/distrikt/ n.地区，区域document/dɔkjumənt/ n.公文，文件donate/dəuˈneit/ vt.vi.捐赠dormitory/dɔ:mitri/ n.集体寝室，宿舍dot/dɔt/ n.点，圆点 vt.打点于download /ˈdaunləud/ n. 从BBS 下装，卸载downtown/ ˈdauntaun / adv. 在市区，往市区drawing/drɔ:iŋ/ n.绘画drill/dril/ n.钻头，操练 vi.钻孔drown/draun/ 溺死drunk /drΛnk/a.醉的，陶醉的drunk/drΛnk/a.醉的，陶醉的due /dju:/a.预期的，应给的dull /dʌl/a.枯燥的，阴暗的dust /dʌst/n.灰尘dusty/dʌsti/a.多灰尘的，灰蒙蒙的；粉末状的eager /ˈi:gə/a.渴望的，热切的earn/ə:n/ vt.挣得，获得earthquake /ˈə:θkweik/ n.地震eastern /ˈi:stən/a.东方的，朝东的edit/ˈedit/ vt.编辑，编纂，校订effect/iˈfekt/ n.效果，效力elect / iˈlekt/ vt.选举，推选electricity / ilekˈtrisiti/n.电，电流electronic / ilekˈtrɔnik/a.电子的embarrass / imˈbærəs/ vt.使窘迫，使为难emergency / iˈmə:dʒənsi/n.紧急情况，突然事件employ / imˈplɔi/ vi.雇用endless/ ˈendlis/ a.无止境的engine / ˈendʒin/ n.发动机，引擎enjoyable/inˈdʒɔiəbl/ a.使人快乐的，有乐趣的entertainment /entəˈteinment/ n.娱乐，款待，娱乐表演entire/inˈtaiə/a.全部的，彻底的entrance /ˈentrəns/n.入口，进入envelope/ ˈenvələʊp/n.信封，封套envy/ ˈenvi/ vt.n.妒忌，羡慕equal / ˈi:kwəl/ a.相等的，平等的equipment / iˈkwipmənt/ n.装备，设备，配备error /ˈerə/ n.错误，谬误，差错escape / isˈkeip/ vi.逃跑，逸出 n.逃跑especially / isˈpeʃəli/ ad.特别，尤其，格外essay /ˈesei/n.短文，散文，小品文evaluate/ iˈvæljueit/ vt.评价，估…的价event / iˈvent/ n.事件，事变evidence/ˈevidəns/ n.根据，证据，证人exact / igˈzækt/ a.确切的，精确的exactly/ igˈzæktli/ ad.的确如此exchange / iksˈtʃeindʒ/ vt.交换，交流 n.交换exciting / ikˈsaitiŋ/ a.令人兴奋的exhibition / eksiˈbiʃən/ n.展览，陈列，展览会exist / igˈzist/ vi.存在，生存exit / ˈeksit/ n.出口，退场 vi.退出expand/ iksˈpænd/vt.扩大，使膨胀expense / iksˈpens/ n.花费，消费，费用expert /ˈekspə:t/ n.专家 a.熟练的explanation /ekspləˈneiʃən/n.解释，说明，辩解explode/ iksˈpləud/ vt.使爆炸 vi.爆炸exploit/ ˈeksplɔit, iksˈplɔit/ vt.剥削；利用；开拓explore/ iksˈplɔ:/ vt.&vi.探险，探索export/ eksˈpɔ:t, ˈekspɔ:t/ vt.输出，出口；运走expression/ iksˈpreʃən/ n.词句；表达；表情extra/ ˈekstrə/ a.额外的 ad.特别地extraordinary/ iksˈtrɔ:dinəri/ a.非同寻常的，特别的extremely/ iksˈtri:mli/ ad.极其，非常fade/ feid/ vi.褪色；逐渐消失failure/ ˈfeiljə/ n.失败；失败的人fairly/ ˈfeəli/ ad.相当；公平地faith/ feiθ/ n.信任，信心；信仰false/ fɔ:ls/ a.不真实的；伪造的familiar/ fəˈmiljə/ a.熟悉的；冒昧的fasten/ ˈfa:sn/ vt.扎牢，扣住fault/ fɔ:lt/ n.缺点；过失；故障favor /ˈfeivə/ n.好感；赞同；恩惠fax/ fæks / n.vt. 传真feather/ ˈfeðə/ n.羽毛；翎毛；羽状物federal/ ˈfedərəl/ a.联邦的；联盟的fee/ fi:/ n.费，酬金；赏金fellow/ ˈfeləu/ n.人，家伙；伙伴female/ ˈfi:meil/ n.雌性的动物；女子fence/ fens/ n.栅栏fierce/ fiəs/ a.凶猛的，狂热的figure/ ˈfigə/ n.数字；外形；人物file/ fail/ n.档案 vt.把…归档finance/ faiˈnæns, fiˈnæns / n.财政，金融；财源fireworks/ 'faiəwɜ:ks / n.pl.爆竹，烟花firm/ fə:m/ a.坚定的 n.公司，商号fist/ fist/ n.拳头flame/ fleim/ n.火焰；光辉；热情flash/ flæʃ/ n.闪光 vi.闪，闪烁flesh/ fleʃ/ n.肉，肌肉；肉体flight/ flait/ n.航班；飞行；逃跑float/ fləut/ vi.漂浮 vt.使漂浮flood/ flΛd/ n.洪水 vt.淹没flour/ ˈflauə/ n.面粉，粉；粉状物质flow/ fləu/ vi.流动；飘垂；涨潮fluent/ ˈflu(:)ənt/ a.流利的，流畅的focus/ ˈfəukəs/ vi.聚焦，注视 n.焦点foggy /fɔgi/ a.有雾的，模糊的fold/ fəuld/ vt.折叠；合拢 n.褶folk/ fəulk/ n.人们，家属，亲属fond/ fɔnd/ a.喜爱的；溺爱的fool/ fu:l/ n.蠢人，傻子 vt.欺骗foolish/ ˈfu:liʃ/ a.愚蠢的；鲁莽的forbid /fəˈbid/ vt.禁止forecast /ˈf ɔː kæst/ n.预测，预报 vt.预示forever/ f ɔːˈevər/ ad.永远，总是，老是forgive / fə:ˈgiv/vt.原谅，宽恕former /f ɔː mər./在前的 n.前者fortnight/ f ɔː t.nait/n.两星期，十四天fortunate /ˈf ɔː tʃənət/a.幸运的fortunately /ˈ f ɔː tʃənətli/ad.幸运地，幸亏fortune /ˈfeitʃən/n.命运，运气，财产found / faund// vt.创立，创办fountain /ˈ faunˈdeiʃən /n.泉水，喷泉freedom /ˈfridəm/n.自由frequent /ˈfrikwənt/a.经常的further/ fə:ðə /ad.更进一步gain/gein/ vt.获得，增加 n.增进garbage/gɑ:bidʒ/ n.垃圾，污物，废料gas/gæs/ n.煤气，气体 vt.收集gay /gei/a.快乐的，鲜明的generous /ˈdʒenərəs/a.慷慨的，宽厚的gentle/ˈdʒentl/a.和蔼的，轻柔的glance /glæns/vi.看一下 n.一瞥globe / gləʊb/n.地球，世界，地球仪goal /gəʊl/n.球门，得分，目的goods /gudz/n.货物，商品gradual /grædʒuəl/a.逐渐的，渐进的gradually /ˈgrædʒuəli/ad.逐渐地，逐步地graduate /grædʒu.eit/n.大学毕业生 vi.毕业graduation /grædʒuˈeiʃən/ n.毕业grain /grein/n.谷物，谷粒，颗粒grand /grænd/a.宏伟的，重大的grasp /græsp/vt.抓紧，掌握 n.抓gravity / ˈgrævəti/n.重力，引力，严重性greatly/ ˈgreitli/ad.大大地，非常地；伟大地，崇高地greet /grit/vt.问候，招呼，反应grey /gre/n./a.灰色的grocer/grəʊsər/n.杂货商grocery /ˈgrəʊsəri/n.杂货店guide /gaid /n.导游 vt.指导guilty /gilti/a.内疚的，有罪的haircut/ˈher.kʌt/n.理发；发型，发式hammer /ˈhæmə/n.锤子vt.锤击handkerchief /hæŋkərtʃif/n.手帕handle /ˈhændl/ n.柄，把手 vt.处理happiness /ˈhæpinəs/ n.幸福；满足harbour /ˈhɑ:bə/ n.港hard-working /hɑ:dˈwə:kiŋ/ adj. 勤劳hardship /ˈhɑ:dʃip/ n.艰难，困苦harm/hɑ:m/ n.伤害，损害 vt.损害harmony/ˈhɑ:məni/ n.协调，和谐harvest/ˈhɑ:vist/ n.收获，收成 vt.收割headmaster/ˌhedˈmɑ:stə/ n. 英国中小学校长，男舍监hesitate /ˈheziteit/ vi.犹豫，踌躇highway /ˈhaiwei/n.公路，大路hire/ˈhaiə/ vt.雇用honey /ˈhʌni/ n.蜜，蜂蜜，甜，甜蜜hopeless /ˈhəʊplis/ a.没有希望的，绝望的horrible/ˈhɔrəbl/ a. 可怕的，极可憎的，极可厌的host /həʊst/ n.主人，东道主housewife/ˈhaʊswaif/ n.家庭主妇humour/ˈhju:mə/ v. 纵容，迁就hunger /ˈhʌŋgə/ n.饥饿，渴望hunt/hʌnt/ n.vt.打猎，搜寻identity/aiˈdentəti/ n.身分，相同 vt.确定身份ignore /igˈnɔ: /vt.不顾，不理，忽视illegal /iˈli:gl/a.非法的immediate /iˈmi:diət/a.立即的，直接的immigrate /ˈimigreit/v.移民import/ˈimpɔ:t/vt.n.输入，进口importance /imˈpɔ:tns/n.重要性impress /imˈpres/vt.给…深刻印象ine /ˈinkʌm/n.收入，收益indeed /inˈdi:d/ad.真正地，确实independent/ˌindiˈpendənt/ a.独立的，自主的indicate /ˈindikeit/vt.标示，表示，表明infer /inˈfə: r /vt.推论，推断，猜想inform /inˈfɔ:m/vt.通知，向…报告innocent /ˈinə sən t/a.清白的，幼稚的insect /ˈinsekt/n.昆虫insert /inˈsə:t/vt.插入，嵌入inspire /inˈspaiə/vt.鼓舞，给…以灵感instant /ˈinstənt/n.瞬间 a.立即的institute /ˈinstitju:t/n.研究所，学院instrument /ˈinstrəmənt/n.仪器，工具，乐器insurance /inˈʃʊərəns/n.保险，保险费intelligence /inˈtelidʒəns/n.智力，理解力，情报intend /inˈtend/vt.想要，打算，意指interpret /inˈtə:prit/vt.解释，说明，口译interpreter /inˈtə:pritə/ vt n.翻译 .interrupt/ intəˈrΛpt/ vt.打断，打扰，中止jam/dʒæm/ n.果酱jar/ dʒa:/ n.罐子，坛子，广口瓶jazz/ dʒæz/ n.爵士音乐，爵士舞曲journalist/ ˈdʒə:nlist/ n.记者，新闻工作者journey / ˈdʒə:ni/ n.旅行，旅程judge/ dʒΛdʒ/ n.法官，裁判员jungle /ˈdʒΛŋgl/ n.丛林，密林junior / ˈdʒu:njə/ a.年少的，地位较低的 n.晚辈justice/ ˈdʒΛstis/ n.正义，公正，司法kindergarten/ ˈkindəˌɡɑːtən / n.幼儿园lack / læk/ vt.缺乏，不足n.短缺的东西ladder/ ˈlædə/ n.梯子lately ˈleitli/ ad.最近later / ˈleitə/ad.后来latter /leiˈter/a. 两者中后者的lawyer/ ˈlɔ:jə/ n.律师league/ li:g/ n.同盟，联盟leak/li:k/ vi.漏；泄露n.漏洞lecture/ˈlektʃə/ vi.演讲；讲课n.演讲；讲课legal/ li:gəl/ a.合法的length/ leŋθ/ n.长度less/ les/ a.更少的ad.更少地liberate/ libəreit / vt.解放，释放librarian / laiˈbreəriən/n.图书馆馆员lifetime/ˈlaiftaim/ n.终身lightning/ˈlaitniŋ/ n.闪电likely/ˈlaikli/ a.可能的ad.很可能limit /ˈlimit/ vt.限制，限定n.限度，限制link/liŋk/ vt.连接n.联系lip/ lip/ n.嘴唇liquid/ˈlikwid/ n.液体a.液体的，流动的literature/ˈlitəritʃə/ n.文学作品litre/ˈli:tə/ n.公升living-room/ ˈliviŋˈru:m/ n.起居室load/ ləun/ vt.装，装满n.负载；负担loaf/ ləuf/ n.一条面包local/ˈləukəl/ a.地方的n.局部loose/ lu:s/ a.宽松的；自由的lorry/ˈlɔri/ n.卡车loss/ lɔs/ n.遗失；失败；损失luggage/ˈlΛgidʒ/ n.行李，皮箱lung/ lΛŋ/ n.肺mailbox/ meilbɔx/ n.邮箱major /ˈmeidʒə/ vi.主修，专攻a.主要的n.专业majority/ məˈdʒɔriti/ n.多数male/ meil/ a.男的，雄的mankind/ mænˈkaind/ n.人类manner/ ˈmænə/ n.方式，态度；礼貌march/ ma:tʃ/ n.三月mass/mæs/ n.大量；群众material/məˈtiəriəl/ n.材料，原料；素材a.物质的mathematics/ mæθiˈmætiks/ n.数学matter/ˈmætə/ n.事情；物质vi.要紧，有关系maximum/ ˈmæksiməm/ n.最大量a.最大的means/ mi:nz/ n.方法，手段meanwhile/ˈmi:nˈwail/ ad.同时，当时docmeasure/meʒə/ vt.量，测量n.测量；措施medal/ˈmedl/ n.奖章，纪念章media/ˈmi:diə/ n. 媒体mental /ˈmentl/ a.智力的；精神的menu/ˈmenju:/ n.菜单merchant/ˈmə:tʃənt/ n.商人mercy/ˈmə:si/ n.仁慈merely/ˈmiəli/ ad.仅仅，只不过merry/ˈmeri/ a.欢乐的，愉快的midday/ˌmidˈdei/ n.中午midnight/midnait/ n.午夜mild/ maild/ a.温柔的；温暖的million/miljən/ num.百万mine/main/ pron.我的n.矿，矿山；地雷，水雷vt.开采mineral/ˈminərəl/ n.矿物a.矿物的minimum/ˈminiməm/n.最小量a.最小的minister/ˈministə/ n.部长，大臣minority/ maiˈnɔriti/ n.少数派；少数民族miserable /ˈmizərəbl/ a.痛苦的，悲惨的misunderstand/ misΛndəˈstænd/ vt.误解，误会mix/ miks/ vt.使混合；混淆mobile/ˈməubail/a.运动的，移动的modest / ˈmɔdist / a.谦虚的moral /ˈmɔrəl/ a.合乎道德的n.道德，品行motor /ˈməutə/ n.发动机，机动车mountainous/ˈmaʊntənəs / adj.多山的mourn /mɔ:n / vi.哀痛，哀悼movement/ˈmu:vmənt/ n.动作；活动；移动multiply/ ˈmΛltiplai/ vt.增加；乘musical / mju:ˈzi kl/a.音乐的nail/ neil/ n.钉子；指甲vt.钉nation /ˈneiʃən/n.民族，国家nationality/ næʃəˈnæliti/ n.国籍，民族native/ˈneitiv/ a.本土的n.本地人navy/ˈneivi/ n.海军neat/ ni:t/ a.整洁的；简洁的needle/ˈni:dl/ n.针vt.缝补，编织nephew/ˈnefju:/ n.侄子，外甥nest/nest/ n.巢，窝net /net/ a.净的，纯的n.网，网状物niece/ni:s/ n.侄女，外甥女noble/ˈnəubl/ a.高尚的n.贵族noisy /ˈnɔizi/a.嘈杂的，喧闹的noun /naun/n.名词novel /ˈnɔvəl/n.小说a.新奇的，新颖的nowadays/ ˈnauədeiz/ ad.现今，现在n.现今，当今nowhere/nəuweə/ ad .任何地方都不nuclear /nju:kliə/ a.原子核的，核心的nut/nʌt/n.坚果nutrition/njuˈtriʃn/n.营养obey /əˈbei/ vt.顺从，vi服从observe/əbˈzə:v/ vt.观察，注意到obtain /əbˈtein/ vt.获得obvious /ɔbviəs/ a.显而易见的occupation /ɔkjuˈpeiʃn/ n.占领，占据；职业，工作occupy /ɔkjupai/ vt.占领，占有；忙碌occur /əˈkə: / vi.发生official /əˈfiʃl/ a.官方的，官员，行政人员onto / ˈontu/ prep.到…上opera /ˈɔpərə/ n.歌剧operate/ˈɔpəreit/ vi.操作；施行手术opinion/ əˈpinjən/ n.意见，看法oppose/ əˈpəuz/ vt.反对，反抗opposite /ˈɔpəzit/ a.对面的n.对立物optimistic/ɔptimistik/ a.乐观的oral/ˈɔ:rəl/ a.口头的orbit/ˈɔ:bit/ n.运行轨道vt.环绕ordinary /ˈɔ:dinəri/ a.平常的,平凡的ordinary/ˈɔ:dinəri/ a.平常的；平凡的organize /ˈɔ:gənaiz/ vt.组织，编组original /əˈridʒənəl/ a.最初的；新颖的otherwise/ˈΛðəwaiz/ ad.另外；要不然ought /ɔ:t/ v.aux.应当，应该outdoors /ˈautˈdɔ:z/ ad.在户外，在野外outer /ˈautə/ a.外部的，外面的outlet /ˈautlet/ n.出口，出路；排遣outline/ˈautlain/ n.轮廓；略图；大纲outstanding /autˈstændiŋ/ a.突出的，杰出的overe /əuvəˈkΛm/vt.战胜，克服owe / əu/vt.欠；归功于ox/ɔks/ n.公牛oxygen/ˈɔksidʒən/ n.氧，氧气pack /pæk/ vt.捆扎，打包；挤满n.包packet/ˈpækit/ n.小包pain/pein/n.痛苦；疼痛painful/ˈpeinful/ a.痛苦的painting/ˈpeintiŋ/ n.油画；绘画pan/pæn/ n.平底锅panic/ˈpænik/ n.恐慌，惊慌paragraph/ˈpærəgra:f/ n. 文章的段，节parcel/ˈpa:sl/ n.包裹，邮包parrot/ˈpærət/ n.鹦鹉participate/pa:ˈtisipeit/ vi.参与，参加particular /pəˈtikjulə/a.特殊的，特定的partly/ˈpa:tli/ ad.部分地partner/ˈpa:tnə/ n.伙伴，搭挡，合伙人；配偶passer-by/ˈpa:səˈbai/ n. 过路人passive/ˈpæsiv/ a.被动的，消极的pattern /ˈpætən/ n.式样，模型pause /pɔ:z/n.中止vi.中止，暂停peaceful/ˈpi:sful/ a.和平的；平静的pence/pens/ n. penny 的复数per/pə:/prep.每，每一perform/pəˈfɔ:m/ vt.执行；演出performance/pəˈfɔ:məns/n.履行；表演；表现permit /pə:ˈmit,ˈpə:mit/vt.允许n.执照，许可证persuade/pə:ˈsweid/ vt.说服petrol/ˈpetrəl/ n.汽油phenomenon/ fiˈnɔminən/ n.现象phrase/ freiz/ n.短语,习惯用语pile/ pail/ n.堆vt.堆叠pill /pil/n.药丸pillow/ˈpiləu/ n.枕头pin/pin/ n.别针，钉子vt.钉住pipe/paip/vt.用管道输送n.管子，导管；烟斗platform/ˈplætfɔ:m/ n.站台，讲台player /ˈpleiə/ n.表演者，比赛者playmate /ˈpleimeit/ n. 玩伴，游伴pleased /pliːzd/ a.高兴的plough /plau/ n.犁vt.犁，耕poet/pəuit/ n.诗人poison /ˈpɔizn/ n.毒药vt.毒害；投毒pole/pəul/ n.杆，柱political /pəˈlitikəl/a.政治上的politics/ˈpɔlitiks/ n.政治pollution/ pəˈlu:ʃən/ n.污染port /pɔ:t/n.港口positive /ˈpɔzətiv/a.确定的；积极的；正的possession/pəˈzeʃən/ n.财产possibly/ˈpɔsəbli/ ad.可能地，也许postcode/pəustˈkəud/ n. 邮递区号pot/pɔt/ n.锅potential /pəˈtenʃəl/a.潜在的n.潜能pour/pɔ:/ vt.流，倾盆大雨vi.倾泻powder /ˈpaudə/ n.粉末；火药power/ˈpauə/ n.能力；电力；权力powerful/ˈpauəful/ a.强有力的practical/ˈpræktikəl/ a.实用的pray/prei/ vt.请求；祈祷precious/ˈpreʃəs/ a.珍贵的，宝贵的predict/priˈdikt/ vt.预言，预测prefer/priˈfə:/ vt.宁可，宁愿press/pres/ vi.压，按vt.压；压榨n.印刷；pretend/priˈtend/ vt.假装，装作vi.假装principle/ˈprinsəpl/ n.原则，原理process/ˈprəuses/ n.过程vt.处理production/prəˈdΛkʃən/ n.产品；产量profession /prəˈfeʃən/ n.职业professor/prəˈfesə/ n.教授profit /ˈprɔfit/ n.利润vi.得益project/prəˈdʒekt,ˈprɔdʒekt/n.计划；工程；项目vi.伸出vt.设计，规划promote /prəˈməut/vt.促进，提升；province/ˈprɔvins/ n.省publish /ˈpΛbliʃ/ vt.公布，发表；出版，刊印pump/pΛmp/ n.泵vt.用泵抽，打气punishment /ˈpΛniʃmənt/ n.惩罚purchase /ˈpə:tʃəs/vt.购买n.购买；赃物pure/pjuə/ a.纯洁的puzzle/ˈpΛzl/ n.难题；谜vi.使迷惑quality /ˈkwɔliti/ n.质量；特性quantity /ˈkwɔntiti/n.数量；大量quarrel /ˈkwɔrəl/ vi.争吵n.争吵，吵架queue/ kju:/ n.队列vi.排队等候quit/ kwit/ vt.离开，停止；辞职range/reindʒ/ vi.变动，变化n.范围rank /ræŋk/n.军衔vt.归类于rate /reit/n.比率；速度；价格vt.评价，估价ray/rei/ n.光线；射线react/ri ˈækt/ vi.反应reading/ˈri:diŋ/ n.阅读；读物reality/riˈæliti/ n.现实；真实reception/riˈsepʃən/n.接待；接待处recognize /ˈrekəgnaiz/ vt.认出，识别remend/rekəˈmend/ vt.推荐recover/riˈkΛvə/ vt.恢复，痊愈recycle/riˈsaikəl/ vt.重复利用reduce/riˈdju:s/ vt.减少，减小refer /riˈfə:/ vt.求助于vi.谈到；参考，查阅reflect/riˈflekt/ vt.反射，反映；思考reform/riˈfɔ:m/ n.改革，改良vt.改革，革新register/ˈredʒistə/ vt.登记，注册n.登记，注册regular/ˈregjulə/ a.规则的，整齐的；定期的，常规的reject/riˈdʒekt/vt.拒绝；丢掉；驳回relate/riˈleit/ vt.联系relative/ˈrelətiv/ a.有关系的；相对的n.亲戚，亲属relevant/ˈrelivənt/ a.有关的；中肯的reliable/riˈlaiəbl/ a.可靠的religion/riˈlidʒən/ n.宗教信仰rely/riˈlai/ vi.依赖，依靠；信赖remark/riˈma:k/ vi.评论n.评论；备注remind/riˈmaind/ vt.提醒remote/riˈməut/ a.遥远的remove/riˈmu:v/vt.移动；搬迁rent/rent/ n.租金，租vi.出租repair/riˈpeə/ vt.修理，修补n.修理repeat /riˈpi:t/ vt.重说，重做n.重复reply/riˈplai/ vi.回答，答复n.答复represent /repriˈzent/ vt.描绘；代表reputation /repju:ˈteiʃən/ n.名誉，声望request /riˈkwest/n.请求，要求vt.请求，要求rescue/ˈreskju:/ vt.援救，营救reserve/riˈzə:v/ vt.储备，保留；预定respect /riˈspekt/vt.尊敬，尊重n.尊敬respond / risˈpɔnd/vi.回答；响应responsible/riˈspɔ:nsəbl/ a.有责任的；尽责的retire/riˈtaiə/ vi.退休revise/riˈvaiz/ vt.校订，修改revolution/revəˈlu:ʃən/ n.革命；旋转reward/riˈwɔ:d/ n.报答；报酬vt.报答；酬金ripe /raip/a.成熟的；时机成熟的risk/risk/ n.风险，危险vt.冒险rob/rɔ:b/ vt.抢劫，劫掠vi.抢劫，劫掠rocket/ˈrɔ:kit/ n.火箭roll/rəul/ vi.&vt.滚动；转动root/ ruːt / n.根部；根源vi.生根，扎根rough/ rΛf/ a.表面不平的；粗略的rude/ ruː d / a.粗野的，残暴的ruin/ 'ruːin / n.毁灭；废墟vt.毁坏sacrifice/ ˈsækrifais/ n.&vt.牺牲；南祭sailor/ 'seilə / n.海员，水兵salary/ 'sæləri / n.薪水satellite/ ˈsætəlait/ n.卫星；人造卫星satisfaction/ sæt一s'fækʃ(ə)n / n.满意scan/ skæn/ vt.细看；浏览；扫描scarce/ ˈskeə/ vt.惊吓vi.受惊scene/ ˈsi:n/ n. 情景；景色schedule/ ˈʃedju:l/ n.时间表；计划表scholarship/ 'skɒləʃip] / n.奖学金scientific/ saiənˈtifik/ a.科学(上)的scold/ skəʊld / vt.责骂scream/ skriːm / vi.尖叫n.尖叫声seaside/ 'siːsaid / n.海边section/ ˈsekʃən/ n. 切片；部门；章节secure/ siˈkjuə/ a.安心的；安全的seed/ si:d/ n.种(子)，籽，萌芽seek/ si:k/ vt.寻找，探索；试图seize/si:z/ vt.抓住，逮捕；夺取select/ sɪˈlekt / vt.选择vi.挑选self/ self/ n.自我，自己selfish/ selfiʃ / a.自私的，利己的senior/ ˈsi:njə/ a.年少的；地位较高的sensitive/ ˈsensitiv/ a.敏感的；灵敏的settle/ ˈsetl/ vt.安排；安放；调停sew/ səu/ vt.缝制 vi.缝纫sex/ seks / n.性别，性shade/ ʃeid/ n.荫；遮光物 vi.荫蔽shadow/ 'ʃædəʊ / n.阴影，影子shallow/ 'ʃæləʊ / a.浅的，浅薄的n.浅滩sharp/ ʃa:p / ad. 时刻整 a.锋利的；敏锐的；刺耳的shave/ ʃeiv / vt.剃，刮vi.修面n.刮脸sheet/ʃi:t/ n.被单；纸张；薄板shelter/ ˈʃeltə/ n.隐蔽处；掩蔽，庇护shock/ 'ʃɔk / n.冲击；震惊；电击vi.震动shoot/ʃu:t/ vt.发射；射中 n.发芽shopping/ 'ʃɔpiŋ / n.购物shore/ʃɔ:/ n.滨，岸shorting/ 'ʃɔːtkʌmiŋ / n.短处，缺点shot /ʃɔt/ n.射击，发射；投篮sigh /sai/ vi.叹气，叹息n.叹息sign/ sain/ n.符号；征兆vt.签名signal/ˈsignəl/ n.信号vi.发信号significance/ sigˈnifikəns/ n.意义，意味；重要性simply/ˈsimpli/ ad.简单地；朴素地；仅仅，只不过sincere / sinˈsiə/a.真诚的，真挚的sincerely /sinˈsiəli/ ad.真诚地sink /siŋk/ vi.下沉，降低n.水槽，水池skin /skin/ vt.剥皮n.皮，皮肤；兽皮skyscraper /ˈskaiˌskreipə / n.摩天大楼slave /sleiv/ n.奴隶，苦工slight /slait/ a.细长的；轻微的slightly /ˈslaitli/ ad.轻微地slim /slim/ a.细长的，微小的smooth /smuːð/ a.平滑的，平静的sneaker /ˈsniːkə/ n.鬼鬼祟祟做事的人，卑鄙者，运动鞋soccer/ˈsɔkə/ n.英式足球socialism /ˈsəʊʃə.lizəm/ n.社会主义socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlist/ a.社会主义的software/ˈsɔftwɛә/ n.软件soil /sɔil/ n.土壤；土地solar /ˈsəʊlə/ a.太阳的，日光的soul /səʊl/ n.灵魂，精神；人specific /spəˈsifik/ a.特有的；具体的spit /spit/ vi.吐唾沫splendid /ˈsplendid/ a.壮丽的，显著的split / split/ vt.劈开spoken/ˈspəʊkən/a.口头讲的口语的vbl.speak 过去分词sponsor /ˈspɔnsə/ n.发起者vt.发起spot /spɔt/ vt.认出，发现n.点，斑点；stable /ˈsteibl/ a.稳定的，安定的n.马厩，马棚stadium /ˈsteidiəm/ n. 露天大型运动场staff / sta:f/ n.全体工作人员stage /steidʒ/ n.舞台；阶段，时期stai /steə/ n.楼梯stare/steə/ vi.凝视starve /stɑːv/ vi.饿死vt.使饿死steady /ˈstedi/ a.稳固的vt.使稳定steam / sti:m/ n.蒸汽vi.蒸发vt.蒸煮steel /ˈsti:l/n.钢straight /streit/a.直的；正直的ad.直接地strength/streŋθ/ n.力量，力气stress /stres/ n.压力；重音vt.着重；奋斗studio /ˈstju:diәu/ n.工作室，播音室style /stail/ n.风格，式样suck /sʌk/ vt.吸，吮suddenly /ˈsʌdənli/ ad.突然suffer /ˈsʌfə /vt.遭受，忍受vi.受害，受损失suit /sju:t/ n.起诉，诉讼vt.适合suitable /ˈsuːtəbəl/a.适宜的；恰当的sum / sΛm/ n.总数；金额vi.共计summary /ˈsʌməri/ a.简短的，扼要的n.摘要，总结sunset /ˈsʌnset/ n.日落sunshine /ˈsʌnʃain/ n.阳光support /səˈpɔːt /vt.支持；供养；承受surround /səˈraʊnd/ vt.包围，环绕survive /səˈvaiv/ vt.幸免于vi.活下来swallow /ˈswɔləʊ/ vt.吞，咽vi.吞，咽n.燕子switch /switʃ/ n.开关；转换vt.转换symbol /ˈsimbəl/ n.象征；符号sympathy /ˈsimpəθi/ n.同情，同情心system /ˈsistəm/ n.系统；制度tailor /ˈteilə / n.裁缝vt.裁制衣服talent /ˈtælənt/ n.天才，才能tank /tæŋk/ n.坦克；大容器tap /tæp/ vt.轻打，轻敲n.塞子，龙头；轻叩，轻拍target /ˈtɑːɡit/ n.靶；目标tax /tæks/ n.税款 vt.征税tear /teə / n.泪滴，眼泪vt.撕开，撕裂technical /ˈteknikəl/ a.技术的，工艺的technique /tekˈniːk/ n.技巧，技能teenager /ˈtiːnˌeidʒə / n.青少年telegram /ˈteliɡræm/ n.电报telegraph /ˈteliɡrɑːf/ n.电报机 v.发电报telescope /ˈteliskəʊp/ n.望远镜television /ˈteliviʒən/ n.电视，电视机temple /ˈtempl/ n.神殿，庙宇；太阳穴temporary /ˈtempərəri/ a.暂时的，临时的tend /tend/ vi.走向，趋向tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n.趋向，趋势tense /tens/a.紧张的；拉紧的n.时态theme /θiːm/ n.题目；词干；主旋律theory /ˈθiəri/ n.理论，学说therefore /ˈðeəfɔː/ ad.因此，所以thief /θiːf/ n.窃贼，偷窃犯thinking /ˈθiŋkiŋ/ n.思考；想法，见解throat /θrəʊt/ n.咽喉throughout /θru:ˈaʊt/ prep.遍及ad.到处thus /ðʌs/ ad.如此，这样；因而tick /tik/ n.滴答声；记号vi.发出滴答声tight /tait/ a.紧的；紧身的ad.紧紧地timetable /ˈtaimteibəl/ n.时间表；时刻表tin /tin/ n.锡；罐头tip /tip/ vt.轻击vi.给小费n.小费tire /taiə/ vi.疲劳；厌倦n.轮胎title /ˈtait ə l/ n.标题，题目；称号，头衔tobacco /təˈbækəʊ/ n.烟草，烟叶tolerate /ˈtɔləreit/ vt.忍受，容忍topic /ˈtɔpik/ n.题目；论题，话题tough /tʌf/a.坚韧的；健壮的track /træk/ n.行踪，路径；轨道tractor /ˈtræktə / n.拖拉机tradition /trəˈdiʃən/ n.传统，惯例transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/ n.运输vt.运输trap /træp/ n.陷阱；诡计vt.诱骗trend /trend/ vi.伸向；倾向n.倾向trial /ˈtraiəl/ n.试验；审判trick /trik/ n.诡计；窍门vt.哄骗type /taip/ n.类型vi.打字typewriter /ˈtaipraitə / n.打字机typical /ˈtipikəl/ a.典型的，代表性的typist /ˈtaipist/ n.打字员tyre /ˈtaiə/ n.轮胎underline /ʌndəˈlain/ vt.在…下划线；强调understanding /ʌndəˈstændiŋ/ n.理解，理解力unfair /ʌnˈfeə/ a.不公平的uniform /ˈjuːnifɔːm/ a.一样的n.制服unique /juːˈniːk/ a.唯一的unite /juːˈnait/vi.联合vt.使联合united /juːˈnaitid/ adj.一致的；联合的universe /ˈjuːnivə:s/ n.宇宙，世界unknown /ʌnˈnəʊn/ a.未知的，不知名的unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒʊəl/ a.不平常的，独特的update /ʌpˈdeit/ vt.更新，使现代化n.现代化，更新upset /ʌpˈset/ vt.使不适，使心烦n.混乱upward /ˈʌpwə d/ a.向上的，上升的ad.向上，往上urban /ˈə:bən/ a.都市的urgent /ˈə:dʒənt/ a.紧急的usually /ˈjuːʒʊəli/ ad.通常valley/ˈvæli/ n.山谷，流域valuable /ˈvæljʊəbl/ a.值钱的，有价值的n.贵重物品variety /vəˈraiəti/ n.多样化，种类various /ˈveəriəs/ a.各种各样的vast /vɑːst/ a.巨大的，广阔的vehicle /ˈviːikəl/ n.车辆 verb n.动词victim /ˈviktim/ n.牺牲者，受害者view /vjuː/ vt.看待；看n.见解；风景violent /ˈvaiələnt/ a.猛烈的，狂暴的virus /ˈvairəs/ n.病毒visa /ˈviːzə/ n.签证；信用卡volunteer /.vɔlənˈtiə r / n.志愿者vt.志愿vote /vəʊt/ n.选举，投票voyage /ˈvɔiidʒ/ n.航海vi.航海，航空wage /weidʒ/ n.工资，报酬waiter /ˈweitə/ n.侍者，服务员waitress /ˈweitrəs/ n.女侍者，女服务员wave /weiv/ n.波，波涛；起伏vi.波动；挥手weakness /ˈwiːknəs/ n.弱点web /web/ n. 蜘蛛网，网状物；网络website /ˈwebsait/ n.网站wedding /ˈwediŋ/ n.婚礼weed /wiːd/ n.杂草，野草vi.除草well-known a.众所周知的whisper /ˈwispə / vt.低声地讲vi.低语n.耳语，私语whistle /ˈwisl/ n.口哨vi.吹口哨wild /waild/ a.野生的；野蛮的n.荒地willing /ˈwiliŋ/ a.心甘情愿的wind /wind/ n.风wipe /waip/ vt.揩，擦n.揩，擦wire /ˈwaiə / n.金属线，电缆within /wiˈðin/ prep.在…里面；不超过witness /wiˈðin/ n.证据；证人vt.目击wooden /ˈwudn/ a.木制的；呆板的wool / wul/ n.羊毛，毛线worse /wə:s/ a.更坏的ad.更坏worst /wə:st/a.最坏的ad.最坏地worthwhile /ˈwə:θˈwail/ a.值得的would/wud/ aux.将；愿意youth /ju:θ/ n.青春；青年。
Alspa MV1000变频器说明书-中文版
MOTOR F.L. CURRENT 电机 F.L.电流 Motor nameplate current (A) 电机铭牌电流
POWER FACTOR 功率因数
Take given value if not known 给定值(如果不知道)
PULL OUT / NOM. TQ 拉出/额定 TQ
Take given value if not known 给定值(如果不知道)
Select Brake Module type 选择制动模块类型 Nominal supply voltage 标称电源电压 Motor nameplate power (KW) 电机铭牌功率 Motor nameplate voltage (V) 电机铭牌电压 Motor nameplate speed (rpm) 电机铭牌转速 Motor nameplate frequency (Hz) 电机铭牌频率 Motor nameplate current (A) 电机铭牌电流
关掉驱动器，连接编码器
编码器的连接显示在本指南中的安装部分。 编码器连接到连接器 X8 的“D”。
连接的详细信息可以查阅咨询手册， 如果需要的话。
SWITCH THE Aslpa MV1000 BACK ON
RATING DATA RETURN TO TOP LEVEL MOVE TO MENU 06 ‘RATINGS’. EDIT THE FOLLOWING FIELDS IN MENU 06. ALL OTHER PARAMETERS CAN BE IGNORED.
速变化的响应。
你需要
NO
TQ 控制
模式吗？
YES
连接模拟电压，它是被用来作为 TQ 的限 制控制，模拟输入 2。 X6/3 用于连接输入信号。 X6/4 用于接地连接。
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DESCRIPTION
The ZNI1000is a Ni thin film Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD),specified to DIN 43760.The high temperature coefficient offers higher signal outputs than other RTD’s, which results in higher accuracy with smaller temperature changes.
FEATURES
•Resistance at 0ЊC: 1000⍀•SOT23 package •Available on 8mm tape
APPLICATIONS
•Automotive Electronic •Circuit Protection
•Temperature compensation •Temperature measurement
DEVICE MARKING
•ZNI
ZNI1000
ISSUE 1 - AUGUST 2002
1
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
DEVICE REEL SIZE TAPE WIDTH QUANTITY PER REEL ZNI1000TA 7”8mm 3000 units ZNI1000TC
13”
8mm
10000 units
ORDERING INFORMATION
Top View
PINOUT
SOT23
Pin 1 - Ni1000Pin 2 - Ni1000
Pin 3 - need a good thermal contact for a short response time
CHARACTERISTICS ACCORDING TO DIN43760
R0Resistance at 0ЊC B 6.650 x 10-6T Temperature in ЊC C 2.805 x 10-11A 5.485*10-3D -2.000x 10-17
R(T) = R0 x (1 + A x T + B x T 2+ C x T 4
+ D x T 6)
ZNI1000
ISSUE 1 - AUGUST 2002
2
PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNIT CONDITIONS Resistance 0°C R 0-1000-⍀T=0ЊC, I<1mA Resistance 100°C R 100
-1618
-⍀
T=100ЊC, I<1mA Tolerance Class B -Ϯ(0.4+0.028 x ԽT
Խ)
--55 to 0°C
Tolerance Class
B
-Ϯ(0.4+0.007 x ԽT Խ)
-0 to 150°C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PARAMETER SYMBOL LIMIT UNIT Continuous Current I CC 4mA Total power dissipation P TOT 20mW Operating Temperature Range T amb -55 to +150°C Storage
Temperature Range
T stg
-55 to +150
°C
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS.
CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES APPROX CONVERSIONS INCHES.
ZNI1000
ISSUE 1 - AUGUST 2002
3
Europe
Zetex plc
Fields New Road Chadderton
Oldham, OL9 8NP United Kingdom
Telephone (44) 161 622 4422Fax: (44) 161 622 4420uk.sales@
Zetex GmbH
Streitfeldstraße 19D-81673 München Germany
Telefon: (49) 89 45 49 49 0Fax: (49) 89 45 49 49 49europe.sales@
Americas
Zetex Inc
700 Veterans Memorial Hwy Hauppauge, NY11788USA
Telephone: (631) 360 2222Fax: (631) 360 8222usa.sales@
Asia Pacific
Zetex (Asia) Ltd
3701-04Metroplaza, Tower 1Hing Fong Road Kwai Fong Hong Kong
Telephone: (852) 26100 611Fax: (852) 24250 494asia.sales@
These offices are supported by agents and distributors in major countries world-wide.
This publication is issued to provide outline information only which (unless agreed by the Company in writing)may not be used,applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or be regarded as a representation relating to the products or services concerned.The Company reserves the right to alter without notice the specification,design,price or conditions of supply of any product or service.For the latest product information,log on to
©Zetex plc 2002
DIM MILLIMETRES
INCHES DIM MILLIMETRES INCHES MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX A 2.67 3.050.1050.120H 0.330.510.0130.020B 1.20 1.400.0470.055K 0.010.100.00040.004C ᎏ 1.10ᎏ0.043L 2.10 2.500.0830.0985D 0.370.530.0150.021M 0.45
0.64
0.018
0.025
F 0.085
0.15
0.0034
0.0059
N 0.95 NOM 0.0375 NOM G
1.90 NOM 0.075 NOM
10ЊTYP
10ЊTYP
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
PACKAGE OUTLINE
PAD LAYOUT。