自制GRE模考题3

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微臣GRE数学自编题目(最新版)

微臣GRE数学自编题目(最新版)

Bo Wang (UVA)
GRE Math
Aug 2015
9 / 106
Example
x 3=1 Quantity A x Solution: x = 4 §±quantity Aåß¿A Quantity B 3
Bo Wang (UVA)
GRE Math
Aug 2015
10 / 106
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Bo Wang (UVA)
GRE Math
Aug 2015
16 / 106
Integers)Í
Integers)ÍßPositive Integers')ÍßNegative IntegersK)Í ÿ% ":µ '+' ='ß '*'='ßK +K=KßK *K='
Example 1
a,b,c are all integers, suppose a3 b 4 c 5 is negative then which of the following CANNOT be true? A a+b >0 B b+c >0 C a+c >0 D ac > 0 E abc > 0
Example 6
M If N 2 and 5 are both integers, which of the following expression must also be an integer? M A N+ 7 NM B 7
C D E
2 N +M 10 NM 10
N +M 2 5
Bo Wang (UVA)
GRE Quantitative Reasoning (Step 2)

大学GRE分类模拟题(带答案)

大学GRE分类模拟题(带答案)

GRE分类模拟题(有答案)基础填空1、Ryan's ______ bothered his friends, who tired of instability and constant changes of allegiance.A. blunderingB. simplicityC. vagaryD. naiveteacuteE. cocksurenessF. caprice2、Information about Abigail and John Adams is so ______ because of the wealth of letters the couple exchanged during John's frequent absences.A. vagueB. agreeableC. abundantD. problematicE. ambiguousF. ample3、Difficult working conditions that ranged from merely ______ to extremely intimidating were the norm for jazz performer Billie Holiday.A. amicableB. dauntingC. uniformD. deterringE. abominableF. congenial4、Although condemned by the review panel, to film critic Pauline Kael the movie seemed entirely ______ and unlikely to offend.A. impressionableB. innocuousC. boorishD. churlishE. unapproachableF. anodyne5、Although the women in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who undertook botanical illustration were primarily ______, their contributions as naturalists and catalogers actually helped ______ the field as an academic discipline.A. researchersB. amateursC. historiansD. depreciateE. chronicleF. legitimize6、Ken took his ______ obligations seriously, patiently caring for his mother throughout her long recuperation.D. convivialE. funeraryF. euphoric7、As one would expect, the reclusive poet ______ public appearance and invasions of privacy.A. advocatedB. abhorredC. neglectedD. invitedE. detestedF. endorsed8、Such was Norton's generosity that he was at times criticized for being ______ to a fault.A. nonchalantB. magnanimousC. scrupulousD. perfunctoryE. substantialF. liberal9、While the movie employs stock characterizations, admirers argue that it is ______ even if its depiction is ______.A. maladroitB. compellingC. soporificD. proficientE. controversialF. formulaic10、Because the pandas had already been weakened by disease and drought, a harsh winter would have had ______ consequences for them.A. preventiveB. regressiveC. catastrophicD. calamitousE. unanticipatedF. unforeseen11、Dangerously high winds ______ attempts to begin the space shuttle mission on schedule, delaying the launch by nearly a week.A. thwartedB. forfeitedC. foiledD. dischargedE. redoubledF. relinquished12、Greek comic playwrights often ______ rulers; in one play, a brutal despot is replaced in office by a sausage seller.A. placatedB. veneratedC. exonerated13、The professor argued that every grassroots movement needs ______: without this public declaration of motives, there can be no cohesive organization.A. an invocationB. a prospectusC. a manifestoD. arbitrationE. a mandateF. a declaration14、The renewed interest in Elizabethan times is evident in the ______ of new Hollywood films set during that period.A. spateB. hypocrisyC. rejuvenationD. transienceE. scadsF. revival15、The Wild Parrots of Telegraph Hill is only ______ about birds; despite its title, the documentary actually examines human relationships.A. ostensiblyB. distinctivelyC. seeminglyD. salientlyE. noticeablyF. intelligibly16、His conduct at the state dinner was a cavalcade of blunders, one ______ following another until the evening ended.A. queryB. gibeC. gaffeD. indiscretionE. tributeF. taunt17、In 1918 Yellowstone National Park had only 25 bison, but the population has since ______ to more than 2,000.A. balloonedB. mediatedC. dispersedD. burgeonedE. reconciledF. attenuated18、The editor did not wish to print an article based on mere ______; she therefroe ordered the reporter to find convincing ______.A. conjectureB. amicabilityC. substantiationD. guesswork19、Despite the director's lifelong reputation for humility, the retirement celebration found him unable to modify the urge to ______ his successes.A. downplayB. catalogC. embellishD. diminishE. supplantF. substitute20、The musical Scrambled Feir ______ the ______ of the theatrical world, poking fun at actors, directors, play wrights, and audiences alike.A. glorifiesB. spoofsC. avoidsD. denizensE. pitfallsF. genres21、As ______as the disintegration of the Roman Empire must have seemed, that disaster nevertheless presented some ______ aspects.A. momentousB. decisiveC. catastrophicD. formidableE. ambiguousF. constructive22、Hoping to preserve natural habitats, conservationists lobbies for legislation that would ______ commercial development in these areas.A. skimpB. accommodateC. economizeD. diversifyE. arrestF. forestall23、The signs that the skeleton had been tampered with were so ______ that the archaeologist almost failed to notice them.A. subtleB. numerousC. indiscernibleD. legionE. substantialF. unavoidable24、Hayley Mills's films have been called ______, although most of them are not so sentimental as to deserve that description.A. treaclyB. cursoryC. prosaicD. cloyingE. consecrated25、Although many novelists write for artistic reasons, others are lured by the money, because popular success in writing can be so ______.A. acquisitiveB. aestheticC. remunerativeD. lucrativeE. entertainingF. diverting26、In an effort to ______ the ______ theater, the troupe members contributed thousands of dollars to keep the playhouse operating.A. qualifyB. salvageC. commandeerD. prosperousE. flounderingF. lucrative27、Evidence that the universe is expanding ______ our perception of the cosmos and thus caused a ______ in astronomical thinking.A. checkedB. alteredC. reinforcedD. setbackE. revolutionF. truce28、Students already confused by difficult college-admission procedures will be further ______ by the university's complex new online process.A. cheeredB. frustratedC. dismayedD. inspiredE. soothedF. encouraged29、Cottontail rabbits are known for being remarkably ______, some individual females producing up to 35 offspring a year.A. innocuousB. prolificC. symbioticD. reclusiveE. fecundF. inoffensive30、Anne mentioned John's habitual boasting about his ward robe as an example of his ______ ways.A. erraticB. egotisticalC. politicD. tactfulE. inconspicuous31、Jason was truly ______, for he squandered a great deal of money with no thought for the future.A. prescientB. infallibleC. extravagantD. improvidentE. sedulousF. farsighted32、Although certainly talented, the child could not really be called ______: there was nothing particularly ______ about his achievements.A. a virtuosoB. a prodigyC. an upstartD. affectedE. fanaticalF. exceptional33、Although Elayne helped to ______ the defendant by supporting his alibi, she unwittingly______ herself with her testimony.A. chastiseB. admonishC. exonerateD. acquittedE. implicatedF. disparaged34、Accused of ______ the public's trust by pilfering tax-payers' money, the state legislators were condemned for their ______.A. mystifyingB. betrayingC. maintainingD. venalityE. inefficiencyF. contemptuousness35、Jessica's smile ______ her sorrow, hiding her feelings from everyone except those who knew her best.A. beliedB. renderedC. maskedD. embeddedE. deployedF. portrayed36、The ability to cram computer circuitry onto silicon chips faces fundamental limitations: it is possible to make the innards of a circuit so ______ that they no longer ______.A. flexibleB. successfulC. smallD. bendE. function37、Professor Fernandez has been ______ about most of the purportedly humanitarian aspects of the colonial government and has insisted that its actions were, on the contrary, ______.A. discomposedB. dubiousC. enthusiasticD. self-servingE. benevolentF. sporadic38、Historian Carlo Botta often contradicted himself, as when he first championed and then______ the ideals of the French Revolution.A. denouncedB. anathematizedC. conceivedD. covetedE. invokedF. investigated答案:基础填空1、CF[解析] ● 逗号说明前后同义重复。

gre考试模拟试题

gre考试模拟试题

gre考试模拟试题GRE考试模拟试题一、词汇题(每题1分,共10分)1. The scientist's ________ of the new theory was met with skepticism by his peers.A) endorsementB) elucidationC) conjectureD) denunciation2. Despite the ________ of the evidence, the defendant maintained his innocence.A) ambiguityB) clarityC) obscurityD) equivocation3. The ________ of the ancient ruins was a significant achievement for the archaeologist.A) excavationB) obliterationC) deteriorationD) restoration4. The politician's ________ to the scandal was evasive and unsatisfactory.A) rebuttalB) acquittalC) indictmentD) evasion5. The ________ of the old building was necessary due to its structural instability.A) demolitionB) renovationC) conservationD) construction6. The ________ of the novel was its intricate plot and well-developed characters.A) allureB) repulsionC) mediocrityD) monotony7. The ________ of the company's financial records was a clear indication of fraud.A) discrepancyB) consistencyC) accuracyD) transparency8. The ________ of the artwork was a result of the artist's unique vision and skill.A) mediocrityB) originalityC) imitationD) uniformity9. The ________ of the experiment was to test the effects of the new drug on mice.A) hypothesisB) conclusionC) methodologyD) result10. The ________ of the old tradition was met with resistance from the community.A) perpetuationB) innovationC) abolitionD) preservation二、阅读理解题(每题2分,共20分)阅读以下短文,然后回答问题。

GRE出国考试模拟试题3

GRE出国考试模拟试题3

GRE出国考试模拟试题3GRE出国考试模拟试题3GRE出国考试模拟试题3many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers---using non-(5) scientific modes of thought. many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. in the development of western technology, it has been non- (10)verbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlinesand filled in the details of our material surroundings. pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were firsta picture in the minds of those who built them. (15) the creative shaping process of a technologist s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. for exam-ple, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might mpress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machineby continually using an intuitive sense of right- (20)ness and fitness. what would be the shape of the com- bustion chamber? where should the valves be placed?should it have a long or short piston? such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available (25)space, and not least by a sense of form. some decisions, such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.design courses, then, should be an essential element (30)in engineering curricula. nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail "hard thinking," nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a prim-(35)itive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. but it is para-doxical that when the staff of the historic american engineering record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for (40)its historical record of american engineering, the onlycollege students with the requisite abilities were not engi- neering students, but rather students attending architec- tural schools.it courses in design, which in a strongly analytical(45)engineering curriculum provide the background requiredfor practical problem- solving, are not provided, we canexpect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring inadvanced engineering systems. for example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated(50)controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. absurd ran- dom failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.21.in the passage, the author is primarily concernedwith(a) identifying the kinds of thinking that are used by technologistsb) stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking inengineering design(c) proposing a new role for nonscientific thinkingin the development of technology(d) contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists(e) criticizing engineering schools for emphasizing science in engineering curricula22.it can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula are(a) strengthened when they include courses in design(b) weakened by the substitution of physical science courses for courses designed to develop mathematical skills(c) strong because nonverbal thinking is still emphasized by most of the courses(d) strong despite the errors that graduates of such curricula have made in the development of automatic control systems(e) strong despite the absence of nonscientific modes of thinking23.which of the following statements best illustrates themain point of lines 1-28 of the passage?(a) when a machine like a rotary engine mal- functions, it is the technologist who is best equipped to repair it.(b) each component of an automobile for example, the engine or the fuel tank has a shape that has been scientifically determined to be best suited to that component s function(c) a telephone is a complex instrument designed by technologists using only nonverbal thought(d) the designer of a new refrigerator should consider the designs of other refrigerators before deciding on its final form.(e) the distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designer s conceptualization as well as the physical requirements of its site.24.which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction to the passage?(a) the assumption that the knowledge incorpor- ated in technological developments must be derived from science ignores the many non- scientific decisions made by technologists. (b) analytical thought is no longer a vital com- ponent in the success of technological development.(c) as knowledge of technology has increased, thetendency has been to lose sight of the impor-tant role played by scientific thought in making decisions about form, arrangement, and texture. (d) a movement in engineering colleges toward a technician s degree reflects a demand for graduates who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was once common among engineers. (e) a technologist thinking about a machine, reasoning through the successive steps in a dynamic process, can actually turn the machine over mentally.25.the author calls the predicament faced by thehistoric american engineering record "para-doxical" (lines 36-37) most probably because(a) the publication needed drawings that its own staff could not make(b) architectural schools offered but did not require engineering design courses for their students(c) college students were qualified to make the drawings while practicing engineers were not(d) the drawings needed were so complicated that even students in architectural schools had difficulty making them.(e) engineering students were not trained to make thetype of drawings needed to record the development of their own discipline26.according to the passage, random failures in automatic control systems are "not merely trivial aberrations" (lines53) because(a) automatic control systems are designed by engineers who have little practical experience n the field(b) the failures are characteristic of systems designed by engineers relying too heavily on concepts in mathematics(c) the failures occur too often to be taken lightly(d) designers of automatic control systems have too little training in the analysis of mechanical difficulties(e) designers of automatic control systems need more help from scientists who have a better understanding of the analytical problems to be solved before such systems can work efficiently27.the author uses the example of the early models of high-speed railroad cars primarily to(a) weaken the argument that modern engineering systems have major defects because of an absence of designcourses in engineering curricula(b) support the thesis that the number of errors in modern engineering systems is likely to ncrease(c) illustrate the idea that courses in design are the most effective means for reducing the cost of designing engineering systems(d) support the contention that a lack of attention to the nonscientific aspects of design results in poor conceptualization by engineers(e) weaken the proposition that mathematics is a necessary part of the study of designGRE出国考试模拟试题3 相关内容:。

GRE写作模拟题(3)Argument

GRE写作模拟题(3)Argument

GRE写作模拟题(3)Argument要求:Directions: Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.The following appeared in the Sherwood Times newspaper.“A recent study reported that pet owners have longer, healthier lives on average than do people who own no pets. Specifically, dog owners tend to have a lower incidence of heart disease. In light of these findings, Sherwood Hospital should form a partnership with Sherwood Animal Shelter to institute an ‘adopt-a-dog' program. The program would encourage dog ownership for patients recovering from heart disease, which will help reduce medical costs by reducing the number of these patients needing ongoing treatment. In addition, the publicity about the program will encourage more people to adopt pets from the shelter, which will reduce the risk of heart disease in the general population.”范文:The writer of this newspaper article relies on a study and a variety of assumptions to convince us of the merits of a partnership between Sherwood Hospital and Sherwood Animal Shelter. A cursory inspection reveals a number of poor assumptions and hasty misinterpretations of the available data.The writer's most troublesome error comes from his apparent interpretation of the “recent study” which suggests that pet owners live longer lives, and that dogowners in particular have a lower incidence of heart disease. The obvious rebuttal is that this may simply be a case of correlation without causation, or reverse causation. In other words, are pet owners healthier because they own pets, or do they own pets because they are healthier? We have no evidence to indicate what the truth may be. It may be indeed that people with more free time (i.e. a third factor) have, as a consequence of the free time, more health and more of an opportunity to keep a dog.In particular, when the writer suggests that adopting dogs will reduce the ongoing medical costs of heart disease patients, we should be skeptical. Even if the study cited proves there is a salubrious effect in owning a dog—which it most certainly does not—then we still don't know if this effect is curative or merely preventative. In other words, just because owning a dog might help prevent heart disease,it doesn't mean that it will cure heart disease once one already has developed it.Furthermore, who is to say that heart disease patients will be “encouraged” to participate in the “adopt-a-dog” program? While recovering from a serious disease, taking responsibility for an animal may be the last thing on a patient's mind. We cannot assume that sufficient numbers of patients will participate in the program for it to be a success, and thus we cannot assume that the ongoing costs of treatment will be reduced.Short of seeing some evidence of the successful promotion of similar programs, we must not assume that the “adopt-a-dog” program will appeal to the broader community,especially if it does not succeed in lowering medical costs among the heart disease patients. Those not already suffering from a disease are often inclined, after all, to ignore the benefits of treatments that do not apply to them. Few people, for instance, obtain flu shots until it is too late, though they are widely available.In sum, the argument is weak. To improve it, the author should cite a conclusive causative and not correlative study, one which shows that owning a dog has a curative and not simply preventative effect on heart disease. The writer should also give evidence that patients would be willing to participate in the program, and that the publicity of the program would encourage people from the general population to participate. Only then will his argument for establishing the “adopt-a-dog” pro gram be successful.。

2022年GRE考试模拟卷

2022年GRE考试模拟卷

2022年GRE考试模拟卷(本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。

)单位:姓名:考号:一、单项选择题(共50题,每题2分。

每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意)1.The word "executing" in line 28 is closest in meaning toA.( judgingB.( sellingC.( explainingD.( producing2.According to paragraph 3, artists who work on public art projects are doing all of the following EXCEPTA.( creating artworks that are unusual in sizeB.( raising funds to sponsor various public projectsC.( exposing a large number of people to works of artD.( using new materials that are long—lasting3.I could barely follow the ______ story line; the numerous twists and turns in the plot made it extremely hard to comprehend.A.(A) convolutedB.(B) unambiguousC.(C) conventionalD.(D) resoluteE.(E) dependable4.CIRCUMSPECT:A.(A) intricateB.(B) recklessC.(C) dissonantD.(D) formativeE.(E) prudent5.MEDICINE : DOSE :: A.(A) surgeon : scalpel B.(B) paper : ream C.(C) treatment : hospital D.(D) ocean : water E.(E) office : decor6.DISCONCERTED:A.(A) composedB.(B) miserlyC.(C) relentlessD.(D) sheepishE.(E) perturbed7.CAPRICIOUS:A.(A) dogmaticB.(B) eccentricC.(C) steadfastD.(D) poignantE.(E) raucous8.PLETHORA:A.(A) rhetoricB.(B) presumptionC.(C) mutinyD.(D) deficiencyE.(E) figment9.COLLUSION : FRAUD :: A.(A) dissident : friend B.(B) eccentricity : normalcy C.(C) enigma : mistake D.(D) diatribe : insult E.(E) surplus : debit10.GLACIER : ICE ::A.(A) beach : sandB.(B) mountain : clouds C.(C) ship : harborD.(D) hammer : chisel E.(E) novel : characters11.RESERVOIR : LAKE :: A.(A) dam : riverB.(B) hub : wheelC.(C) canal : waterway D.(D) bank : streamE.(E) window : door12.Certain members of my family continued to lead ______ lives, often indulging in wild and ______ behavior.A.(A) chaotic .. impulsiveB.(B) temperate.. frenziedC.(C) moderate.. destructiveD.(D) arbitrary.. leisurelyE.(E) boisterous .. unpretentious13.In addition to advising the school newspaper staff, Mr. Mathison also regularly ______ the junior class regarding community service opportunities.A.(A) rallied againstB.(B) counseledC.(C) argued withD.(D) suppressedE.(E) emulated14.MALEVOLENT:A.(A) marredB.(B) meticulousC.(C) magnanimousD.(D) malcontentE.(E) malignant15.Her disheveled clothing and ______ hair surprised me; Amanda's appearance is normally very polished and chic.A.(A) orderlyB.(B) capaciousC.(C) unkemptD.(D) formalE.(E) striking16.GLIB:A.(A) pugnaciousB.(B) gleefulC.(C) guilelessD.(D) punctiliousE.(E) flippant17.The editors of the magazine are often criticized for the ______ of their opinion column, which frequently ______ from one side of an issue to the other.A.(A) monotony.. continuesB.(B) ingenuity.. settlesC.(C) unpredictability.. scuttlesD.(D) inconsistency .. vacillatesE.(E) rigidity.. dithers18.INSULAR:A.(A) insolventB.(B) cosmopolitanC.(C) ominousD.(D) biasedE.(E) perceptible19.DEPLORABLE:A.(A) eligibleB.(B) miserableC.(C) irreproachableD.(D) reprehensibleE.(E) intractable20.TACIT : EXPLICIT ::A.(A) lucid : muddledB.(B) negligible : obedientC.(C) odious : intactD.(D) pedantic : curiousE.(E) wily : expert21.REVIVE : EXHAUSTED ::A.(A) reward : superiorB.(B) refer : adjacentC.(C) replace : lostD.(D) rejuvenate : drainedE.(E) resume : interrupted22.People want to do more on Sundays becauseA.A. more shops are open.B.B. it is a good day to graze.C.C. they are tired on Saturdays.23.According to the diaries, in 1961 women rarely had free time on Sunday A.A. mornings.B.B. afternoons.C.C. evenings.24.肾的功能异常,骨络瘀阻可形成A.气瘤B.血瘤C.筋瘤D.肉瘤E.骨瘤25.FOSTER: DEVELOPMENT : : A.immunize: resistance B.nurture: fertilization C.adorn: sleekness D.chill: tepidity E.cultivate: profligacy26.DILETTANTE: COMMITMENT : : A.nonentity: consequence B.gourmand: self-restraint C.minimalist: elegance D.authoritarian: disregard E.malingerer: cunning27.CARESS:AFFECTION: : A.flush: decency B.salute: respect C.collapse: ennui D.obstruct: quandary E.apprehend: dread28.PHLEGMATIC: PERTURB : : A.ineffable: ignoreB.greedy: goad C.invincible: subdue D.peaceful: mollify E.bewildered: illuminate29.CABAL: ASSOCIATION : : A.archbishop: archdiocese B.mansion: palace C.factory: manufacturer D.plot: plan E.confrontation: spat30.DISSENTER: DOGMA : : A.profligate: doctrine B.patriot: conviction C.nonconformist: norm D.optimist: guide E.barrister: reason31.PERFIDY: LOYAL : : A.exorbitance: moderate B.perjury: ardent C.affection: faithful D.precision: accurate E.loathing: comely32.QUELL:A.deferB.directC.stimulateD.invokeE.corroborate33.POSTURE:A.demand randomlyB.act normallyC.detail meticulously D.advertise broadlyE.tread awkwardly34.INADVERTENCE:A.complete loyalty B.attentivenessC.group movement D.disagreeable characteristic E.powerful mind35.REPORTORIAL:A.reticentB.imaginativeC.taciturnD.normalE.improbable36.TENDENTIOUS:A.inclinedB.extremely industrious C.strongly hinderedD.irrelevant E.impartial37.IMMACULATE: A.sincere B.unnoticed C.accidental D.spotted E.distracted38.CARDINAL: A.indefinable B.diminutive C.understated D.inconsequential E.intangible39.FERROUS: A.magnetic B.rustyC.with no iron D.hydrated E.non-reactive40.ENDEMIC: A.apparent B.curable C.superficial D.alienE.intermittent41.HACKNEYED:A.carefulB.acceptableC.handyD.handyE.original42.While mimicking the thought of his mentor Socrates, who conceived of forms as existing on an ethereal, heavenly and ------- plane, Plato also argued that forms become ------- in objects.A.(A) abstract... rationalB.(B) condensed ... ratifiedC.(C) sacrilegious... profaneD.(D) transcendent... immanentE.(E) imaginative ... earthbound43.SCHOOL: FISH ::A.(A) television: programsB.(B) pride: lionsC.(C) committee: organizationD.(D) fowl: birdsE.(E) corral: livestock44.PERFIDY: LOYAL ::A.(A) exorbitance: moderateB.(B) perjury: ardentC.(C) affection: faithfulD.(D) precision: accurateE.(E) loathing: comely45.A faux pas--whether in social circles or in private--can be -------, as it focuses us on our shortcomings in ways that would otherwise go unnoticed, and helps create self-awareness.A.(A) embarrassmentB.(B) uselessC.(C) utileD.(D) rancorousE.(E) spontaneous46.Despite certain ------- habits of the North American screech owl, it performs the majority of its hunting alone, in alpine forests, unfettered by -------.A.(A) predatory... ecologyB.(B) instinctual ... behaviorC.(C) exogamous... kinshipD.(D) omnivorous... dietE.(E) diurnal... darkness47.RATIOCINATION: LOGIC ::A.(A) comprehension: pedagogyB.(B) interpretation: languageC.(C) orthography : philatelyD.(D) badminton: athleticsE.(E) oration: elocution48.Because many of the blacklists in the communications and entertainmentindustries were secret, the number of playwrights, script writers, novelists, and journalists who were ------- to stop writing permanently is -------.A.(A) happy... astoundingB.(B) forced ... unknownC.(C) unafraid ... impressiveD.(D) inclined... unsurprisingE.(E) remiss... inconceivable49.SCRUTINIZE: ADMIRE ::A.(A) imprison: hostB.(B) forewarn: rageC.(C) vacillate: resolveD.(D) duplicate: imitateE.(E) impel: push50.Though ------- in his youth, Muir grew in the fullness of time to acquire truly -------habits envied by even the most hardened of his fellow survivalists.A.(A) a stoic ... gourmetB.(B) a sycophant ... humbleC.(C) an eccentric ... practicalD.(D) a sensualist ... spartanE.(E) an ideologue ... catholic。

新GRE模考题

新GRE模考题

新GRE模考题Sect ion 3For Questions 1 to 5, select one entry for each blank fromthe corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.1. C ynics believe that people who ______ compliments do so in order to bepraised twice.(A) bask in(B) give out(C) despair of(D) gloat over(E) shrug off2. The Chinese, who began systematic astronomical and weather observations shortly after the ancient Egyptians, were assiduous record-keep ers, and because of this, can claim humanity’s longest continuous______ of natural events.(A) defiance(B) documentation(C) maintenance(D) theory(E) domination3. Nineteenth-century scholars, by examining earlier geometric Greek art, found that classical Greek art was not a magical ______ or a brilliant ______ blending Egyptian and Assyrian art, but was independently evolved by Greeks in Greece.4. Their mutual teasing seemed ______, but in fact it ______ a long-standinghostility.5.The astronomer and feminist Maria Mitchell’s own prodigious activity and the vigor of the Association for the Advancement of Women during the 1870’s ______ any assertion that feminism was______ in that period.Questions 6 to 7 are based on the following reading passage.From the 1900’s through the 1950’s waitresses in the United States developed a form of unionis m based on the unions’ defining the skills that their occupation included and enforcing standards for the performance of those skills. This “occupational unionism” differed substantially from the “worksite unionism” prevalent among factory wo rkers. Rather than unionizing the workforces of particular employers, waitress locals sought to control their occupation throughout a city. Occupational unionism operated through union hiring halls, which provided free placement services to employers who agreed to hire their personnel only through the union. Hiring halls offered union waitresses collective employment security, not individual job security—a basic protection offered by worksite unions. That is, when a waitress lost her job, the local did not intervene with her employer but placed her elsewhere; and when jobs were scarce, the work hours available were distributed fairly among all members rather than being assigned according to seniority.6. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) analyze a current trend in relation to the past(B) discuss a particular solution to a long-standing problem(C) analyze changes in the way that certain standards have been enforced(D) apply a generalization to an unusual situation(E) describe an approach by contrasting it with another approach7. The author of the passage mentions “particular employers” (line 5) primarily in order to(A) suggest that occupational unions found some employers difficult to satisfy(B) indicate that the occupational unions served some employers but not others(C) emphasize the unique focus of occupational unionism(D) accentuate the hostility of some employers toward occupational unionism(E) point out a weakness of worksite unionismQuestions 8 to 9 are based on the following reading passage.The dark regions in the starry night sky are not pockets in the universe that are devoid of stars as had long been thought. Rather, they are dark because of interstellar dust that hides the stars behind it. Although its visual effect is so pronounced, dust is only a minor constituent of the material, extremely low in density, that lies between the stars. Dust accounts for about one percent of the total mass of interstellar matter. The rest is hydrogen and helium gas, with small amounts of other elements. The interstellar material, rather like terrestrial clouds, comes in all shapes and sizes. The average density of interstellar material in the vicinity of our Sun is 1,000 to 10,000 times less than the best terrestrial laboratory vacuum. Itis only because of the enormous interstellar distances that so little material per unit of volume becomes so significant. Optical astronomy is most directly affected, for although interstellar gas is perfectly transparent, the dust is not. For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.8. It can be inferred from the passage that the density of interstellar material is(A) equal to that of interstellar dust(B) unusually low in the vicinity of our Sun.(C) not homogeneous throughout interstellar space.9. Select a sentence in the passage which gives the reason why stars can be obscured even by very sparsely distributed matter.For Questions 10 to 13, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentenceas a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.10. Industrialists seized economic power only after industryhad______agriculture as the preeminent form of production; previously such power had resided in land ownership.(A) sabotaged(B) overtaken(C) toppled(D) joined(E) supplanted(F) surrogated11. Many industries are so______ by the impact of government sanctions, equipment failure, and foreign competition that they are beginning to rely on industrial psychologists to salvage what remains of employee morale.(A) estranged(B) beleaguered(C) overruled(D) encouraged(E) restrained(F) besieged12. Not wishing to appear ______, the junior member of the research group refrained fromventuring any criticism of the senior members’ plan for dividing up responsibility for the entire project.(A) reluctant(B) inquisitive(C) presumptuous(D) pretentious(E) censorious(F) moralistic13. The natures of social history and lyric poetry are antithetical , social history always recounting the ______and lyric poetry speaking for unchanging human nature, that timeless essence beyond fashion and economics.(A) bygone(B) evanescent(C) unnoticed(D) unalterable(E) transitory(F) eternalQuestions 14-16 are based on the following passage.The 1973 Endangered Species Act made into legal policy the concept that endangered species of wildlife are precious as part of a natural ecosystem. The nearly unanimous passage of this act in the United States Congress, reflection the rising national popularity of environmentalism, masked a bitter debate. Affected industries clung to the former wildlife policy of valuing individual species according to their economic usefulness. They fought to minimize the law’s impact by limiting definitions of key terms. But they lo st on nearly every issue. The act defined “wildlife” as almost all kinds of animals—from large mammals to invertebrates—and plants. “Taking” wildlife was defined broadly as any action that threatened an endangered species; areas vital to a species’ survival could be federally protected as “critical habitats”. Though these definitions legislated strong environmentalist goals,political compromises made in the enforcement of the act were to determine just what economic interests would be set aside for the sake of ecological stabilization.For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.14. According to the passage, all of the following statements are defined as a “critical habitat” EXCEPT(A) A natural ecosystem that is threatened by imminent development(B) A natural area that is crucial to the survival of a species and thus eligible for federal protection.(C) A wilderness area in which the “taking” of wildlife species is permitted rarely and only under strict federal regulation15. It can be inferred from the passage that if business interests had won the debate on provisions of the 1973 Endangered Species Act, which of the following would have resulted(A) Environmentalist concepts would not have become widely popular.(B) The definitions of key terms of the act would have been more restricted.(C) Enforcement of the act would have been more difficult.(D) The act would have had stronger support from Congressional leaders.(E) The public would have boycotted the industries that had the greatest impact in defining the act.16. The author refers to the terms “wildlife” (line 11), “taking” (line 13), and “critical habitats” (line 16) most likely in order to(A) illustrate the misuse of scientific language and concepts in political processes(B) emphasize the importance of selecting precise language in transforming scientific concepts into law(C) represent terminology whose definition was crucial in writing environmentalist goals into law(D) demonstrate the triviality of the issues debated byindustries before Congress passed the Endangered Species Act(E) show that broad definitions of key terms in many types of laws resulted in ambiguity and thus left room for disagreement about how the law should be enforcedQuestions 17-19 are based on the following passage.Allen and Wolkowitz’s research challenges the common claim that homework-waged labor performed women worker’s needs and p references. By focusing on a limited geographical area in order to gather in-depth information, the authors have avoided the methodological pitfalls that have plagued earlier research on homework. Their findings disprove accepted notions about homeworkers: that they are unqualified for other jobs and that they use homework as a short-term strategy for dealing with child care. The authors conclude that the persistence of homework cannot be explained by appeal to such notions, for in fact, homeworkers do not differ sharply from other employed women. Most homeworkers would prefer to work outside the home but are constrained from doing so by lack of opportunity. In fact, homework is driven by employers’ desires to minimize fixed costs: homeworkers re ceive no benefits and are paid less than regular employees.17. The passage is primarily concerned with(A) advocating a controversial theory(B) presenting and challenging the results of a study(C) describing a problem and proposing a solution(D) discussing research that opposes a widely accepted belief(E) comparing several explanations for the same phenomenonFor the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.and Wolkowitz’s research suggests wh ich of following statements are true about most homeworkers(A) They do not necessarily resort to homework as a strategy for dealing with child care.(B) They perform professional-level duties rather than manual tasks orpiecework.(C) They do not prefer homework to employment outside the home.19. The ratio of divorces to marriage has increased since 1940. Therefore, there must be a greater proportion of children living with only one natural parent than there was in 1940.Which of the following, if true, most strongly weakens the inference drawn above A. the number of marriages entered into by women twenty-five to thirty-five years old has decreased since 1940.B. when there is a divorce, children are often given the option of deciding which parent they will live with.C. since 1940 the average number of children in a family has remained approximately steady and has not been subject to wide fluctuations.D. before 1940 relatively few children whose parents had both died were adopted into single-parent families.E. the proportion of children who must be raised by one parent because the other has died has decreased since 1940 as a result of medical advances.For Questions 20, select one entry for each blank from the corresponding columnof choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.20. Scientists (i)___________ disposition (ii)____________ the impact of human activities on climate has been greatly mitigated-- perhaps even counterbalanced—by the natural trend over the past several centuries toward much cooler weather. This optimistic conclusion seems unrealistic to other scientists, who find it difficult to believe either that the greenhouse effect could be (iii)_________, or that such a fortunate combination of event is likely.Sect ion 5For Questions 1 to 4, select one entry for each blank fromthe corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.1. The current demand for quality in the schools seems to ask not for the development of informed and active citizens, but for disciplined and productive workers with abilities that contribute to civic life only _______, if at all.(A) indirectly(B) politically(C) intellectually(D) sensibly(E) sequentially2. Certain weeds that flourish among rice crops resist detection until maturity by ______ the see dling stage in the rice plant’s life cycle, thereby remaining indistinguishable from the rice crop until the flowering stage.(A) deterring(B) displacing(C) augmenting(D) imitating(E) nurturing3. A major goal of law, to deter potential criminals by punishing wrongdoers, is not served when the penalty is so seldom invoked that it______to be a______threat.4. Doreen justifiably felt she deserved recognition for the fact that the research institute had been ________a position of preeminence, since it wasshe who had ________ the transformation.Proportionally, more persons diagnosed as having the brain disorder schizophrenia were born in the winter months than at any other time of year.A recent study suggests that the cause may have been the nutrient-poor diets of some expectant mothers during the coldest months of the year, when it was hardestfor people’s to get, or afford, a variety of fresh foods.5. Which of the following, if true, helps to support the conclusion presented aboveA. over the years the number of cases of schizophrenia has not shown a correlation with degree of economic distress.B. most of the development of brain areas affected in schizophrenia occurs during the last month of the mother’s pregnancy.C. suicide rates are significantly higher in winter than in any other season.D. the nutrients in fresh foods have the same effects on the development of the brain as do the nutrients in preserved foods.E. a sizable proportion of the patients involved in the study have a history of schizophrenia in the family.Questions 6 to 7 are based on the following passage.Upwards of a billion stars in our galaxy have burnt up their internal energy sources, and so can no longer produce the heat a star needs to oppose the inward force of gravity. These stars, of more than a few solar masses, evolve, in general, much more rapidly than does a star like the Sun. Moreover, it is just these more massive stars whose collapse does not halt at intermediate stages (that is, as white dwarfs or neutron stars). Instead, the collapse continues until a singularity (an infinitely dense concentration of matter) is reached. It would be wonderful to observe a singularity and obtain direct evidence of the undoubtedly bizarrephenomena that occur near one. Unfortunately in most cases a distant observer cannot see the singularity; outgoing light rays are dragged back by gravity so forcefully that even if they could start out within a few kilometers of the singularity, they would end up in the singularity itself6. the passage suggests which of the following about the Sun(A) the Sun could evolve to a stage of collapse that is less dense than a singularity.(B) in the Sun, the inward force of gravity is balanced by the generation of heat.(C) the sun emits more observable light than does a white dwarf or a neutron star.7. which of the following sentences would most probably follow the last sentence of the passage(A) thus, a physicist interested in studying phenomena near singularities would necessarily hope to find a singularity with a measureable gravitational field.(B) accordingly, physicists to date have been unable to observe directly any singularity.(C) it is specifically this startling phenomenon that has allowed us to codify the scant information currently available about singularities.(D) moreover, the existence of this extra ordinary phenomenon is implied in the extensive reports of several physicists.(E) although unanticipated, phenomena such as these are consistent with the structure of a singularity.Questions 8 to 9 are based on the following passage.The transfer of heat and water vapor from the ocean to the air above it depends on a disequilibrium at the interface of the water and the air. Within about a millimeter of the water, air temperature is close to that of the surface water, and the air is nearly saturated with water vapor. But the differences, however small, are crucial, and the disequilibrium is maintained by air near the surface mixing with air higher up, which is typically appreciably cooler and lower in water-vapor content. The air is mixed by means of turbulence that depends on the wind for its energy. As wind speed increases, so does turbulence, and thus the rate of heat and moisture transfer.Detailed understanding of this phenomenon awaits further study. An interacting—and complicating—phenomenon is wind-to-water transfer of momentum that occurs when waves are formed. When the wind makes waves, it transfers important amounts of energy—energy that is therefore not available to provide turbulence.8. according to the passage, wind over the ocean generally does which of the following(A) causes relatively cool, dry air to come into proximity with the ocean surface.(B) maintains a steady rate of heat and moisture transfer between the ocean and the air.(C) causes frequent changes in the temperature of the water at the oce an’s surface.9. the passage suggests that if on a certain day the wind were to decrease until there was no wind at all which of he following would occur(A) the air closest to the ocean surface would become saturated with water vapor.(B) the air closest to the ocean surface would be warmer than the water(C) the amount of moisture in the air closest to the ocean surface would decrease.(D) the rate of heat and moisture transfer would increase.(E) the air closest to the ocean would be at the same temperature as air higher up.For Questions 10 to 13, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.10. Marison was a scientist of unusual _______ and imagination who had startling succeeded in discerning new and fundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition.(A) restiveness(B) perspicacity(C) precision(D) aggression(E) candor(F) insight11. It is assumed that scientists will avoid making ______claims aboutthe results of their experiments because of the likelihood that they will be exposed when other researchers cannot duplicate their findings.(A) hypothetical(B) fraudulent(C) verifiable(D) radical(E) deceptive(F) evaluative12. As early as the seventeenth century, philosophers called attention to the ______ character of the issue, and their twentieth-century counterparts still approach it with uneasiness.(A) absorbing(B) unusual(C) complicated(D) auspicious(E) involved(F) fanciful13. The value of Davis’ sociological research is compromised by his unscrupulous tendency to use materials selectively in order to substantiate his own claims, while ______ information that points to other possible conclusions.(A) deploying(B) disregarding(C) weighing(D) refuting(E) emphasizing(F) discountingQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage.Th e molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere affect the heat balance of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelength, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions from the planet must balance incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would escape from the Earth much more easily. The surface temperature would be so much lower that the oceans might be a solid mass of ice.Today, however, the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide. The burning of fossil fuels and the clearing of forests have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 15 percent in the last hundred years, and we continue to add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Could the increase in carbon dioxide cause a global rise in average temperature, and could such a rise have serious consequences for human society Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a function of the increase indicate that the answer is probably yes.Under present conditions a temperature of -18 ℃ can be observed at an altitude of 5 to 6 kilometers above the Earth. Below this altitude (called the radiating level), the temperature increases by about 6 ℃per kilometer appro aching the Earth’s surface, where the average temperature is about 15 ℃. An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide means that there are more molecules of carbon dioxide to absorb infrared radiation. As the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiation increases, the radiating level and the temperature of the surface must rise.One mathematical model predicts that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would raise the global mean surface temperature by ℃. This model assumes that the atmosphere’s relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases with altitude at a rate of ℃ per kilometer. The assumption of constant relative humidity is important,because water vapor in the atmosphere is another efficient absorber of radiation at infrared wavelength. Because warm air can hold more moisture than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant only if the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises. Therefore, more infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated back to the Earth’s surfac e. The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice, reducing the Ea rth’s reflectivity. More solar radiation would then be absorbed, leading to a further increase in temperature.14. according to the passage, the greatest part of the solar energy that reaches the Earth is(A) concentrated in the infrared spectrum(B) concentrated at visible wavelengths(C) absorbed by carbon dioxide molecules(D) absorbed by atmospheric water vapor(E) reflected back to space by snow and ice15. according to the passage, atmospheric carbon dioxide performs which of the following functions(A) absorbing radiation at visible wavelengths(B) absorbing infrared radiation(C) absorbing outgoing radiation from the Earth16. select a sentence in the third or the last paragraph which indicts the premise of the mathematical model mentioned in the passage17. When school administrators translate educational research intoa standardized teaching program and mandate its use by teachers, students learn less and learn less well than they did before, even though the teachers are the same. The translation by the administrators of theory into prescribed practice must therefore be flawed.The argument above is based on which of the following assumptionsA. teachers differ in their ability to teach in accordance with standardized programs.B. the educational research on which the standardized teaching programs are based is sound.C. researchers should be the ones to translate their own research into teaching programs.D. the ways in which teachers choose to implement the programs are ineffective.E. the level of student learning will vary from state to state.18. A common defense of sport hunting is that it serves a vital wildlife-management function, without which countless animals would succumb to starvation and disease. This defense leads to the overly hasty conclusion that sport hunting produces a healthier population of animals.Which of the following, if true, best supports the author’s claim that sport hunting does not necessarily produce a healthier population of animalsA. for many economically depressed families, hunting helps keep food on the table.B. wildlife species encroach on farm crops when other food supplies become scarce.C. overpopulation of a species causes both strong and weak animals to suffer.D. sport hunters tend to pursue the biggest and healthiest animals in a population.E. many people have strong moral objections to killing a creature for anyreason other than self-defense.For Questions 19 to 20, select one entry for each blank from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.19. (i)_________ thinkers are often accused by more (ii)___________ thinkers of building castles in the air based more on lofty ideals and (iii)___________ than on a solid foundation in reality.20. Several geographers and historians have speculated that temperate climates foster the(i)_________ of civilization, but that after a civilization has developed past the(ii)___________ stage, it is more likely to flourish in (iii)_____________ because challenges are needed that must be overcome for further progress tooccur.。

GRE模拟3

GRE模拟3

GRE 模拟题The Graduate RecordExaminations®SECTION1Analytical WritingANALYZE AN ISSUE30minutesYou will be given a brief quotation that states or implies an issue of general interest and specific instructions on how to respond to that issue.You will then have30minutes to plan and compose a response according to the specific instructions.A response to any other issue will receive a score of zero.Make sure that you respond according to the specific instructions and support your position on theissue with reasons and examples drawn from such areas as your reading, experience,observations,and/or academic studies.Trained GRE readers will evaluate your response for its overall quality,based on how well you:·Respond to the specific task instructions·Consider the complexities of the issue·Organize,develop,and express your ideas·Support your ideas with relevant reasons and/or examples·Control the elements of standard written EnglishBefore you begin writing,you may want to think for a few minutes about the issue and the specific task instructions and then plan your response.Be sure to develop your position fully and organize it coherently,but leave time to reread what you have written and make any revisions you think are necessary.Issue TopicThe Graduate RecordExaminations®SECTION2Analytical WritingANALYZE AN ARGUMENT30minutesYou will be given a short passage that presents an argument and specific instructions on how to respond to that passage.You will have30minutes to plan and compose a response in which you evaluate the passage according to the specific instructions.A response to any other argument will receive a score of zero.Note that you are NOT being asked to present your own views on the subject. Make sure that you respond according to the specific instructions and support your evaluation with relevant reasons and/or examples.Trained GRE readers will evaluate your response for its overall quality,based on how well you:·Respond to the specific task instructions·Identify and analyze features of the argument relevant to the assigned task ·Organize,develop,and express your ideas·Support your analysis with relevant reasons and/or examples·Control the elements of standard written EnglishBefore you begin writing,you may want to think for a few minutes about the argument passage and the specific task instructions and then plan your response.Be sure to develop your response fully and organize it coherently,but leave time to reread what you have written and make any revisions you think are necessary.Argument TopicSECTION3Verbal ReasoningTime—35minutes25Questions Question1-5Question6-8Question9-11Question12-14Question15-17Question18Question19Question20Problems caused by the leaching of pollutants from dumps and landfills are worst in countries with an annual per capita economic output of$4,000to$5,000,and less severe for considerably poorer and considerably richer countries.This is so because pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country’s industrial development but then diminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources to tackle such problems.Therefore,problems caused by such leaching in Country X,where the annual per capita economic output is now$5,000, should begin to diminish in the next few years.Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?A.Within the next few years,Country X will impose a system of fines for illegal waste disposalby its industrial companies.B.Countries surrounding Country X will reduce the amount of pollution that their factoriesrelease into the air and water.C.Industrial development in Country X will increase in the next few years.D.Country X will begin the process of industrialization in the next few years.E.No other country with a similar amount of industrial development has pollution problems thatare as severe as those in Country X.Question21The stable functioning of a society depends upon the relatively long-term stability of the goals of its citizens.This is clear from the fact that unless the majority of individuals have a predictable and enduring set of aspirations,it will be impossible for a legislature to craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry,and it should be obvious that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens.The claim that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens plays which one of the following roles in the argument?A.It is the conclusion of the argument.B.It helps to support the conclusion of the argument.C.It is a claim that must be refuted if the conclusion is to be established.D.It is a consequence of the argument.E.It is used to illustrate the general principle that the argument presupposes.Question22-23Question24Astronauts who experience weightlessness frequently get motion sickness.The astronauts see their own motion relative to passing objects,but while the astronauts are weightless their inner ears indicate that their bodies are not moving.The astronauts’experience is best explained by the hypothesis that conflicting information received by the brain about the body’s motion causes motion sickness.Which one of the following,if true,provides the strongest additional support for the hypothesis above?A.During rough voyages ship passengers in cabins providing a view of the water are less likelyto get motion sickness than are passengers in cabins providing no view.B.Many people who are experienced airplane passengers occasionally get motion sickness.C.Some automobile passengers whose inner ears indicate that they are moving and who have aclear view of the objects they are passing get motion sickness.D.People who have aisle seats in trains or airplanes are as likely to get motion sickness as arepeople who have window seats.E.Some astronauts do not get motion sickness even after being in orbit for several days.Question25In order to pressure the government of Country S to become less repressive,some legislators in Country R want to ban all exports from R to panies in R that manufacture telecommunication equipment such as telephones and fax machines have argued that exports of their products should be exempted from the ban,on the ground that it is impossible for a country to remain repressive when telecommunication equipment is widely available to the population of that country.Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument given by the manufacturers depends?A.The government of S has recently increased the amount of telecommunication equipment itallows to be imported into the country.B.The telecommunication equipment that would be imported into S if the exemption were to begranted would not be available solely to top development officials in S.正确答案C.A majority of the members of R’s legislature do not favor exempting telecommunicationequipment from the ban on exports to Country S.D.Of all exports that could be sent to Country S,telecommunication equipment would be themost effective in helping citizens of S oppose that country’s repressive government.E.Without pressure from Country R,the government of S would be able to continue repressingits citizens indefinitely.STOP.This is the end of Section3.SECTION4Verbal ReasoningTime—35minutes25Questions Question1-5Question6-8Question9-11Question12-14Question15-17Question18Question19Question20The average cable television company offers its customers50channels,but new fiber-optic lines will enable telephone companies to provide100to150television channels to their customers for the same price as cable companies charge for50.Therefore,the new companies will displace cable companies within a few years.Which of the following,if true,most helps to strengthen the argument?A.The initial cost per household of installing new fiber-optic television service will exceed thecurrent cost of installing cable television service.B.The most popular movies and programs on channels carried by cable companies will also beoffered on channels carried by the fiber-optic lines owned by the telephone companies.C.Cable television companies will respond to competition from the telephone companies byincreasing the number of channels they offer.D.Some telephone companies own cable companies in areas other than those in which theyprovide telephone services.E.The new fiber-optic services offered by telephone companies will be subject to morestringent governmental programming regulations than those to which cable companies are now subject.Question21The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight.Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth.A device has recently been invented,however,that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip.Therefore,it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?A.The amount of fuel needed for a spacecraft to return from Mars is the same as the amount offuel needed to travel from Earth to Mars.B.The fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere would not differ in composition fromthe fuel used to travel to Mars.C.The device for manufacturing fuel from the Martian atmosphere would not take up any of thespaceship crew’s living space.D.A conventional spacecraft equipped with the device would not be appreciably moreexpensive to construct than current spacecraft typically are.E.The device for manufacturing fuel for the return to Earth weighs less than the tanks of fuelthat a conventional spacecraft would otherwise need to carry from Earth for the return trip. Question22-23Question24-25STOP.This is the end of Section4.SECTION5Quantitative ReasoningTime——40minutesTime25QuestionsFor each question,indicate the best answer,using the directions given.Notes:All numbers used are real numbers.All figures are assumed to lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.Geometric figures,such as lines,circles,triangles,and quadrilaterals,are not necessarily drawn to scale.That is,you should not assume that quantities such as lengths and angle measures are as they appear in a figure.You should assume,however,that lines shown as straight are actually straight,points on a line are in the order shown,and more generally,all geometric objects are in the relative positions shown.For questions with geometric figures, you should base your answers on geometric reasoning,not on estimating or comparing quantities by sight or by measurement.Coordinate systems,such as xy-planes and number lines,are drawn to scale;therefore,you can read,estimate,or compare quantities in such figures by sight or by measurement. Graphical data presentations,such as bar graphs,circle graphs,and line graphs,are drawn to scale;therefore,you can read,estimate,or compare data values by sight or by measurement. For each of Questions1to9,compare Quantity A and Quantity B,using additional information centered above the two quantities if such information is given.Select one of the following four answer choices and fill in the corresponding oval to the right of the question.A Quantity A is greater.B Quantity B is greater.C The two quantities are equal.D The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.A symbol that appears more than once in a question has the same meaning throughout the question.A Quantity A is greater.B Quantity B is greater.C The two quantities are equal.D The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.STOP.This is the end of Section5.SECTION6Quantitative ReasoningTime——40minutesTime25QuestionsFor each question,indicate the best answer,using the directions given.Notes:All numbers used are real numbers.All figures are assumed to lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.Geometric figures,such as lines,circles,triangles,and quadrilaterals,are not necessarily drawn to scale.That is,you should not assume that quantities such as lengths and angle measures are as they appear in a figure.You should assume,however,that lines shown as straight are actually straight,points on a line are in the order shown,and more generally,all geometric objects are in the relative positions shown.For questions with geometric figures, you should base your answers on geometric reasoning,not on estimating or comparing quantities by sight or by measurement.Coordinate systems,such as xy-planes and number lines,are drawn to scale;therefore,you can read,estimate,or compare quantities in such figures by sight or by measurement. Graphical data presentations,such as bar graphs,circle graphs,and line graphs,are drawn to scale;therefore,you can read,estimate,or compare data values by sight or by measurement. For each of Questions1to9,compare Quantity A and Quantity B,using additional information centered above the two quantities if such information is given.Select one of the following four answer choices and fill in the corresponding oval to the right of the question.A Quantity A is greater.B Quantity B is greater.C The two quantities are equal.D The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.A symbol that appears more than once in a question has the same meaning throughout the question.A Quantity A is greater.B Quantity B is greater.C The two quantities are equal.D The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.STOP.This is the end of Section6.ANSWER KEYSECTION3Verbal Reasoning1-5A/C/E/C/A6-8BF/AE/BF9-14D/C/A/B/A/A15-19E/B/E/BF/BEG20-21C/B22-23D/BC24-25A/BSECTION4Verbal Reasoning1-5E/B/E/D/D6-8BD/CE/BD9-14E/The Amazons were often…/D/A/B/D 15-19D/D/A/AE/BEG20-21B/E22-25C/AC/A/ASECTION5Quantitative Reasoning SECTION6Quantitative Reasoning。

GRE(QUANTITATIVE)综合模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)

GRE(QUANTITATIVE)综合模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)

GRE(QUANTITATIVE)综合模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有:1. 2.1.正确答案:B解析:In this question you are asked to compare the area of a parallelogram with an area of 24, given two side lengths and the measure of one interior angle of the parallelogram. Since the measure of the interior angle given is 125°, you can conclude that the parallelogram is not a rectangle. Recall that the area of a parallelogram is found by multiplying the length of a base by the height corresponding to the base. It is helpful to draw the vertical height from vertex C to base AD of the parallelogram, as shown in the figure below. Note that the newly drawn height is a leg in a newly formed right triangle. The hypotenuse of the triangle is a side of the parallelogram and has length 6. Thus, the leg of the triangle, which is the height of the parallelogram, must be less than the hypotenuse 6. The area of the parallelogram is equal to the length of base AD, which is 4, times the height, which is less than 6. Since the product of 4 and a number less than 6 must be less than 24, the area of the parallelogram must be less than 24. Quantity B is greater than Quantity A, and the correct answer is Choice B.2.正确答案:A解析:From the histogram, you can observe that all of the measurement intervals are the same size, the distribution has a peak at the measurement interval 6-10, and more of the measurement intervals are to the right of the peak than are to the left of the peak. Since in the histogram the 95 measurements have been grouped into intervals, you cannot calculate the exact value of either the average or the median; you must compare them without being able to determine the exact value of either one. The median of the 95 measurements is the middle measurement when the measurements are listed in increasing order. The middle measurement is the 48th measurement. From the histogram, you can see that the measurement interval 1-5 contains the first 15 measurements, and the measurement interval 6-10 contains the next 35 measurements(that is, measurements 16 through 50). Therefore, the median is in the measurement interval 6-10 and could be 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. Estimating the average of the 95 measurements is more complicated. Since you are asked to compare the average and the median, not necessarily to calculate them, you may askyourself if you can tell whether the average is greater than or less than the median. Note that visually the measurements in the first three measurement intervals are symmetric around the measurement interval 6-10, so you would expect the average of the measurements in just these three measurement intervals to lie in the 6-10 measurement interval. The 30 measurements in the remaining four measurement intervals are all greater than 10, some significantly greater than 10. Therefore, the average of the 95 measurements is greater than the average of the measurements in the first three measurementintervals, probably greater than 10. At this point it seems likely that the average of the 95 measurements is greater than the median of the 95 measurements. It turns out that this is true. To actually show that the average must be greater than 10, you can make the average as small as possible and see if the smallest possible average is greater than 10. To make the average as small as possible, assume that all of the measurements in each interval are as small as possible. That is to say, all 15 measurements in the measurement interval 1-5 are equal to 1, all 35 measurements in the measurement interval 6-10 are equal to 6, etc. Under this assumption, the average of the 95 measurements isThe value of the smallest possible average,1,015/95, is greater than 10. Therefore, since the average of the 95 measurements is greater than 10 and the median is in the measurement interval 6-10, it follows that the average is greater than the median, and the correct answer is Choice A3.正确答案:D解析:One way to approach this question is to plug in numbers for the variables and see what the relationship between the two quantities is for each of the numbers you plug in. If you plug in x = 2, you see that Quantity A is 3x+1= 33 or 27, and Quantity B is 4x = 42, or 16. In this case, Quantity A is greater than Quantity B. If you plug in x = 3, you see that Quantity A is 3x+1 = 34, or 81, and Quantity B is 4x= 43, or 64. In this case, Quantity A is greater than Quantity B. If you plug in x = 4, you see that Quantity A is 3x+1 = 35 or 243, and Quantity B is 4x = 44, or 256. In this case, Quantity B is greater than Quantity A. Since for x = 2 and for x= 3, Quantity A is greater than Quantity B, and for x= 4, Quantity B is greater than Quantity A, it follows that the relationship between the two quantities cannot be determined. The correct answer is Choice D. Since both quantities are algebraic expressions, another way to approach this problem is to set up a placeholder relationship between the two quantities and simplify it to see what conclusions you can draw.For any value of x, the value of 3x is positive, so dividing by 3x does not change any inequality that could be put in the placeholder. Since each step in this simplification is reversible, this reduces the problem to comparing 3 with ;(4/3)x. You can see that because 4/3 is greater than 1, the value of(4/3)x becomes greater as x becomes larger. In particular, it is greater than 3 for large enough values of x.For the smallest value of x, x = 2, the relationship is(4/3)2= 16/9 To say that the value 650 is at the 60th percentile of the distribution means, graphically, that 60 percent of the area between the normalcurve and the horizontal axis lies to the left of the vertical line segment at 650. To say that 850 is at the 90th percentile of the distribution means that 90 percent of the area between the normal curve and the horizontal axis lies to the left of the vertical line segment at 850. The value 750 is halfway between 650 and 850. However, because the curve is decreasing in that interval, the area between 650 and 750 is greater than the area between 750 and 850. Since the value at the 75th percentile should divide in half the area between the value at the 60th percentile(650)and the value at the 90th percentile(850), this value is closer to 650 than to 850. Thus you can conclude that Quantity A, the value at the 75th percentile of the distribution of X, is less than Quantity B. The correct answer is Choice B.6.正确答案:C解析:Set S consists of all integers from 1 to 80, except those that are equal to the square of an integer. So, Quantity A, the number of integers in set S, is equal to the number of positive integers that are less than 81 minus the number of positive integers less than 81 that are equal to the square of an integer. Clearly, there are 80 positive integers that are less than 81. One way to determine the number of positive integers less than 81 that are squares of integers is by noticing that 81 is equal to 92 and concluding that the squares of the integers from 1 to 8 are all positive integers that are less than 81. You can also draw this conclusion by squaring each of the positive integers, beginning with 1, until you get to an integer n such that n2 is greater than or equal to 81. Either way, there are 8 positive integers less than 81 that are squares of integers. Therefore, the number of integers in set S is 80 - 8, or 72, which is equal to Quantity B. So Quantity A is equal to Quantity B, and the correct answer is Choice C.7.A manager is forming a 6-person team to work on a certain project. From the 11 candidates available for the team, the manager has already chosen 3 to be on the team. In selecting the other 3 team members, how many different combinations of 3 of the remaining candidates does the manager have to choose from?A.6B.24C.56D.120E.462正确答案:C解析:To determine the number of different combinations of 3 of the remaining candidates that the manager has to choose from, you first have to know the number of remaining candidates. Since you know that the manager has already chosen 3 of the 11 candidates to be on the team, it is easy to see that there are 8 remaining candidates. Now you need to count how many different combinations of 3 objects can be chosenfrom a group of 8 objects. If you remember the combinations formula, you know that the number of combinations is(which is denoted symbolically asor). You can then calculate the number of different combinations of 3 of the remaining candidates as follows.The correct answer is Choice C.8.Which of the following could be the grap>h of all values of x that satisfy the inequality[*]?[*]A.B.C.D.E.正确答案:C解析:To determine which of the graphs is the correct answer, you first need to determine all values of x that satisfy the inequality. To do that you need to simplify the inequality until you isolate x. You can begin by multiplying both sides of the inequality by 3 to obtain(3)(2 - 5x)-(6x - 5). Note that when you multiply by 3, the right-hand side of the inequality becomes -(6x - 5), not -6x - 5. The rest of the simplification is as follows.Note that when an inequality is multiplied(or divided)by a negative number, the direction of the inequality reverses. The graphs in the answer choices are number lines on which only the number 0 is indicated. Therefore, you do not need to locate 1/9 on the number line; it is nough to know that 1/9 is a positive number. Choice C is the only choice in which the shaded part of the line is equal to or greater than a positive number. Therefore, the correct answer is Choice C.9.If 1+x + x2 + x3 = 60, then the average(arithmetic mean)of x, x2, x3 , and x4 is equal to which of the following?A.12xB.15xC.20xD.30xE.60x正确答案:B解析:A quick inspection of the answer choices shows that it is not necessary to solve the equation 1 + x + x2 + x3 = 60 for x to answer this question. You are being asked to express the average of the four quantities x, x2, x3, and x4 in terms of x. To express this average in terms of x, you need to add the 4 quantities and divide the result by 4; that is,.The only information given in the question is that the sum of the 4 quantities, 1 +x+ x2+ x3, is 60, so you need to think of a way to use this information to simplify the expression.Note that the numerator of the fraction is a sum of 4quantities, each of which has an x term raised to a power. Thus, the expression in the numerator can be factored as x + x2+ x3+ x4= x(1+ x + x2+ x3). By using the information in the question, you can make the following simplification.Therefore, the correct answer is Choice B.10.Parallelogram OPQR lies in the xy-plane, as shown in the figure above. The coordinates of point P are(2,4)and the coordinates of point Q are(8, 6). What are the coordinates of point R ?A.(3,2)B.(3,3)C.(4,4)D.(5,2)E.(6,2)正确答案:E解析:Since OPQR is a parallelogram, line segments PQ and OR have the same length and the same slope. Therefore, in the figure above, PQM and ORN arc congruent right triangles. From the coordinates of P and Q, the lengths of the legs of triangle PQM are PM = 8 - 2 = 6 and QM = 6-4 = 2. Thus, the lengths of the legs ON and RN of triangle ORN are also 6 and 2, respectively. So the coordinates of point R are(6, 2). The correct answer is Choice E.11.The relationship between the area A of a circle and its circumference C is given by the formula A = kC2, where k is a constant. What is the value of k ?A.B.C.1/4D.2πE.4π2正确答案:A解析:One way to approach this problem is to realize that the value of the constant k is the same for all circles. Therefore, you can pick a specific circle and substitute the circumference and the area of that particular circle into the formula and calculate the value of k. Say, for example, that you pick a circle with radius 1. The area of the circle is n and the circumference of the circle is 2π. Inserting these values into the formula gives n = k(2π)2. Solving this equation for k gives k=, and the correct answer is Choice A. Another way to approach the problem is to express A and C in terms of a common variable and then solve the resulting equation for k. Recall the commonly used formulas for the area and the circumference of a circle: A = πr2 and C = 2πr. Note that in these formulas, both A and C are expressed in terms of the radius r. So, in the formula A = kC2, you can substitute expressions for A and C in terms of r. Substituting πr2 for A and 2πr for C gives πr2 = k(2πr)2. Now you can determine the value of k by solving the equation for k as follows.The correct answer is Choice A.12.The sequence of numbers a1,a2,a3,...,an,... is defined byfor each integer n1. What is the sum of the first 20 terms of this sequence?A.B.C.D.E.正确答案:B解析:This question asks for the sum of the first 20 terms of the sequence. Obviously, it would be very time-consuming to write out the first 20 terms of the sequence and add them together, so it is reasonable to try to find a more efficient way to calculate the sum. Questions involving sequences can often be answered by looking for a pattern. Scanning the answer choices and noting that they contain fractions with denominators 2, 20, 21, and 22, and nothing in between, seems to confirm that looking for a pattern is a good approach to try. To look for a pattern, begin by adding the first two terms of the sequence.Now, if you add the first three terms of the sequence, you getNote that you can simplify the sum by canceling the fraction 1/3; that is, the sum of positive 1/3 and negative 1/3 is 0.If you add the first four terms, you getAgain, you can simplify the sum by canceling. This time, you can cancel the fractions 1/3 and 1/4.If you write out the next two sums and simplify them, you will see that they areWorking with the sums makes it clear that this pattern continues to hold as you add more and more terms of the sequence together and that a formula for the sum of the first k terms of the sequence isTherefore, the sum of the first 20 terms of the sequence is equal toThe correct answer is Choice B.13.The table above shows the frequency distribution of the values of a variable Y. What is the mean of the distribution?Give your answer to the nearest 0.01.______正确答案:1.29解析:The mean of the distribution of the variable Y is the sum of all the values of Y divided by the number of values of Y. However, before you begin the summing process, you need to understand how the information is presented in the question. Information about the variable is given in a table, where any repetitions of values have been summarized in the column labeled “Frequency.”Reading from the table, you can see that the value 1/2 occurs twice, the value 3/4 occurs seven times, and so on. To sum all the values of Y, you could add the value - twice, add the value 3/4 seven times, and continue the addition process in this manner. It is easier, however, to multiply the values by their corresponding frequencies and then sum the individual products, as shown below.To find the average, you need to divide the sum, 44, by the number of values of Y. The number of values can be found by looking at the columnof frequencies in the table. The sum of the numbers in this column, 2 + 7 + 8 + 8 + 9, or 34, is the number of values of Y. Thus, the mean of the distribution is 44/34, which, as a decimal, equals 1.2941….Rounded to the nearest 0.01, the correct answer is 1.29.14.Let S be the set of all positive integers n such that n2 is a multiple of both 24 and 108. Which of the following integers are divisors of every integer n in S ?Indicate all such integers.A.12B.24C.36D.72正确答案:A,C解析:To determine which of the integers in the answer choices is a divisor of every positive integer n in S, you must first understand the integers that are in S. Note that in this question you are given information about n2, not about n itself. Therefore, you must use the information about n2 to derive information about n. The fact that n2 is a multiple of both 24 and 108 implies that n2 is a multiple of the least common multiple of 24 and 108. To determine the least common multiple of 24 and 108, factor 24 and 108 into prime factors as(23)(3)and(22)(33), respectively. Because these are prime factorizations, you can conclude that the least common multiple of 24 and 108 is(23)(33). Knowing that n2 must be a multiple of(23)(33)does not mean that every multiple of(23)(33)is a possible value of n2, because n2 must be the square of an integer. The prime factorization of a square number must contain only even exponents. Thus, the least multiple of(23)(33)that is a square is(24)(34). This is the least possible value of n2, and so the least possible value of n is(22)(32), or 36. Furthermore, since every value of n2 is a multiple of(24)(34), the values of n are the positive multiples of 36; that is, S = {36, 72, 108, 144, 180,...}. The question asks for integers that are divisors of every integer n in S, that is, divisors of every positive multiple of 36. Since Choice A, 12, is a divisor of 36, it is also a divisor of every multiple of 36. The same is true for Choice C, 36. Choices B and D, 24 and 72, are not divisors of 36, so they are not divisors of every integer in S. The correct answer consists of Choices A and C.15.The range of the heights of the female students in a certain class is 13.2 inches, and the range of the heights of the male students in the class is 15.4 inches.Which of the following statements individually provide(s)sufficient additional information to determine the range of the heights of all the students in the class?Indicate all such statements.A.The tallest male student in the class is 5.8 inches taller than the tallest female student in the class.B.The median height of the male students in the class is 1.1 inches greater than the median height of the female students in the class.C.The average(arithmetic mean)height of the male students in the class is 4.6inches greater than the average height of the female students in the class.正确答案:A解析:Choice A tells you that the tallest male student is 5.8 inches taller than the tallest female student. You can combine this information with the given information about the male and female height ranges to place four students—the shortest male, the shortest female, the tallest male, and the tallest female—in relative order according to height, as shown in the figure below. You can see from the figure that the tallest student must be a male and the shortest student must be a female. You can also see the difference in height between those two students, which is the range of the heights of the entire class. Therefore, Choice A provides sufficient additional information to determine the range. Choice B provides information about one of the centers of the data—the median; it does not say anything about how spread out the data are around that center. You are given that the median height of the males is 1.1 inches greater than that of the females. First note that it is possible for two different sets of data to have the same median but have very different ranges. Choice B gives the difference between the medians of the male heights and the female heights, without giving the actual medians. However, even if you knew the medians, the fact that the ranges can vary widely indicates that the range of the heights of the entire class can also vary widely. It is possible to construct examples of heights of students that satisfy all of the information in the question and in Choice B but have different ranges for the heights of the entire class. Here are two such examples, each of which has only three females and three males. Although the examples are small, they illustrate the fact that the range of the heights of the entire class can vary. In both examples, the range of female heights is 13.2, the range of male heights is 15.4, and the difference between the median heights is 1.1 inches.Example 1Female heights: 50.0 56.6 63.2 which have a median of 56.6 Male heights: 50.0 57.7 65.4 which have a median of 57.7 Range of heights of entire class: 15.4Example 2Female heights: 50.0 56.6 63.2 which have a median of 56.6 Male heights: 51.0 57.7 66.4 which have a median of 57.7 Range of heights of entire class: 16.4Therefore, Choice B does not provide sufficient additional information to determine the range of the heights of the entire class. Choice C provides information about another center of the data—the average. You are given that the average height of the males is 4.6 inches greater than that of the females. However, like Choice B, the statement gives no information about how spread out the data are around that center. Again, it is possible for two different sets of data to have the same average but have very different ranges. Examples similar to the two examples above can be constructed that satisfy all of the information in the question and in Choice C but have different ranges for the heights of the entire class. Therefore, Choice C does not provide sufficient additional information to determine the range of the heights of the entire class. The correct answer consists of Choice A.。

GRE(ANALYTICAL WRITING)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)

GRE(ANALYTICAL WRITING)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)

GRE(ANALYTICAL WRITING)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有:1. Analyze an Issue 2. Analyze an ArgumentAnalyze an Issue1.Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.正确答案:The claim that the best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint is a compelling one. The reason given for this claim is that only through defending an idea against all possible criticism does the idea gain true and tested merit. Indeed, it is this very reason which forms the basis of academic scholarship: by debating and discussing opposing ideas in a collective discourse, we are able to home in upon those ideas which are truly of value. The concept that an argument should be based on sound principles that convince even those who are biased against it falls in line with the foundation of our post-Enlightenment society of reason.Consider, for example, two disparate political parties with vastly different approaches to governing a country. If, in this tense political climate, a representative from one party raises an argument which she can defend openly in front of a group of her opponents, the value of the idea becomes clear. Say, perhaps, that a representative proposes a new strategy for increasing employment which falls much more in line with her own party’s philosophy than with the other party’s. By arguing with representatives from the opposing party, and by addressing each and every counterpoint that they raise to her new employment policy, the potential flaws in her idea are laid utterly bare. Furthermore, the logic and reason of her points must be measured in the balance against the biases and emotions of her listeners. If after such a conversation she is able to convince the opposing party that her proposal holds some merit and might actually be beneficial for the citizens of their country, then its value becomes far more evident than if she were a dictator who had merely administered her vision unchecked. It is apparent from this example that the ideology of convincing others with opposing viewpoints is pervasive in the way many governments and institutions are structured, such as our own—through checks and balances, public discourse, and productive disagreement.The strongest reason for the excerpt’s validity is found by comparing the claim to its reverse. Imagine a scenario where one is asked to present one’s argument, but the group of people to whom one is presenting already espouse those very ideas: “preaching to the choir” is the ubiquitous idiom we use to describe this phenomenon. In this situation, it becomes irrelevant whether or not a particular argument holds those indicators of merit: logic and reason grounded in evidence. Even the most inflammatory or tenuous arguments would notbe exposed for their true hollowness by a group who were unwilling or unable to question the speaker. The “choir” presents no challenge to the argument, and in doing so the argument’s merit cannot be tested. In fact, it is this lack of challenge which can lead to stagnation both in the governing of nations—consider, as mentioned above, dictators who eliminate the possibility of dissent—and in academic discourse, where complacency with prevailing ideas can halt the creation of new and possibly contradictory findings. For this, we see that being forced to defend an idea against the doubt of others does indeed bring out its true worth; in the opposing situation, whether or not the argument holds intrinsic merit, this merit cannot be tested or discerned in any way.There is, however, one modification which makes the claim more complete. The claim suggests that the best test for an argument is its ability to convince others, which may lead to the inference that an argument which cannot convince others holds no value. However, this inference is not true, and here lies the caveat to the claim. Throughout history there are ideas or arguments that are perhaps too modern, beyond their times, and in these situations those who oppose them refuse to believe an argument that is later on discovered to be entirely true and valid. Imagine, for example, Galileo’s attempts to convince his contemporaries that the Earth revolved around the Sun, and not vice versa. In the scientific climate of his time, others simply couldn’t accept Galileo’s reasoned argument despite his multiple attempts to convince them. In this instance, the value of Galileo’s argument actually could not be tested by defending it in front of others. The value only became apparent later on, when other scientists began to repeat and understand the insightful calculations that Galileo had made much earlier. So while convincing the opposition is certainly one mark of a good argument, it is not always the ultimate test.In conclusion, the examples discussed reveal that the worth of an argument can be measured through its ability to withstand dissent and doubt. As long as an argument is not deemed invalid by the mere fact that no others are persuaded by it, it is reasonable to claim that the best way to test an argument is to attempt to convince those who oppose it.解析:In addressing the specific task directions, this outstanding response presents a cogent examination of the issue and conveys meaning skillfully. After stating a clear position in agreement with both the claim and its reason, the writer emphasizes the significance of the latter: “It is this very reason which forms the basis of academic scholarship: by debating and discussing opposing ideas in a collective discourse, we are able to home in upon those ideas which are truly of value.”Skillfully, the writer demonstrates the validity of the claim by comparing arguments presented to different audiences. First, a political representative defends a proposal against the arguments of the opposing party. Here, the proposal is fully tested “through checks and balances, public discourse, and productive disagreement.”In contrast, the writer considers a similar presentation of ideas to a like-minded group(“preaching to the choir”)and concludes that, in the absence of discourse or dissent, the merit of an idea cannot be determined. Finally, the writer reexamines the claim and finds an exception to it(the rejection by his contemporaries of Galileo’s reasoned argument), and modifies the claim as follows: “So while convincing theopposition is certainly one mark of a good argument, it is not always the ultimate test.”Examples and reasons are both compelling and persuasive, and language and syntax are consistently precise and effective, as in the following: “In fact, it is this lack of challenge which can lead to stagnation both in the governing of nations—consider, as mentioned above, dictators who eliminate the possibility of dissent—and in academic discourse, where complacency with prevailing ideas can halt the creation of new and possibly contradictory findings.”Because of its superior facility, fluent and precise presentation of ideas, and clear and insightful position, this response clearly earns a score of 6.Analyze an Argument2.In surveys Mason City residents rank water sports(swimming, boating, and fishing)among their favorite recreational activities. The Mason River flowing through the city is rarely used for these pursuits, however, and the city park department devotes little of its budget to maintaining riverside recreational facilities. For years there have been complaints from residents about the quality of the rivers water and the rivers smell. In response, the state has recently announced plans to clean up Mason River. Use of the river for water sports is, therefore, sure to increase. The city government should for that reason devote more money in this year’s budget to riverside recreational facilities.Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on the assumptions and what the implications are if the assumptions prove unwarranted.正确答案:While it may be true that the Mason City government ought to devote more money to riverside recreational facilities, this author’s argument does not make a cogent case for increased resources based on river use. It is easy to understand why city residents would want a cleaner river, but this argument is rife with holes and assumptions, and thus, not strong enough to lead to increased funding.Citing surveys of city residents, the author reports city resident’s love of water sports. It is not clear, however, the scope and validity of that survey. For example, the survey could have asked residents if they prefer using the river for water sports or would like to see a hydroelectric dam built, which may have swayed residents toward river sports. The sample may not have been representative of city residents, asking only those residents who live upon the river.The survey may have been 10 pages long, with 2 questions dedicated to river sports. We just do not know. Unless the survey is fully representative, valid, and reliable, it can not be used to effectively back the author’s argument.Additionally, the author implies that residents do not use the river for swimming, boating, and fishing, despite their professed interest, because the water is polluted and smelly. While a polluted, smelly river would likely cut down on river sports, a concrete connection between the resident’s lack of river use and the river’s current state is not effectively made. Though there have been complaints, we do not know if there have been numerous complaints from a wide range of people, orperhaps from one or two individuals who made numerous complaints. To strengthen his/her argument, the author would benefit from implementing a normed survey asking a wide range of residents why they do not currently use the river.Building upon the implication that residents do not use the river due to the quality of the river’s water and the smell, the author suggests that a river clean up will result in increased river usage. If the river’s water quality and smell result from problems which can be cleaned, this may be true. For example, if the decreased water quality and aroma is caused by pollution by factories along the river, this conceivably could be remedied. But if the quality and aroma results from the natural mineral deposits in the water or surrounding rock, this may not be true. There are some bodies of water which emit a strong smell of sulphur due to the geography of the area. This is not something likely to be afffected by a clean-up. Consequently, a river clean up may have no impact upon river usage. Regardless of whether the river’s quality is able to be improved or not, the author does not effectively show a connection between water quality and river usage.A clean, beautiful, safe river often adds to a city’s property values, leads to increased tourism and revenue from those who come to take advantage of the river, and a better overall quality of life for residents. For these reasons, city government may decide to invest in improving riverside recreational facilities. However, this author’s argument is not likely significantly persuade the city goverment to allocate increased funding.解析:This argument cites a survey to support the prediction that the use of the Mason River is sure to increase and thus recommends that the city government should devote more money in this year’s budget to the riverside recreational facilities.In developing your evaluation, you are asked to examine the arguments stated and/or unstated assumptions and discuss what the implications are if the assumptions prove unwarranted. A successful response, then, must discuss both the argument’s assumptions AND the implications of these assumptions for the argument. A response that does not address these aspects of the task will not receive a score of 4 or higher, regardless of the quality of its other features.Though responses may well raise other points not mentioned here and need not mention all of these points, some assumptions of the argument, and some ways in which the argument depends on those assumptions, include: The assumption that people who rank water sports “among their favorite recreational activities” are actually likely to participate in them.(It is possible that they just like to watch them.)This assumption underlies the claim that use of the river for water sports is sure to increase after the state cleans up the Mason River and that the city should for that reason devote more money to riverside recreational facilities. The assumption that what residents say in surveys can be taken at face value.(It is possible that survey results exaggerate the interest in water sports.)This assumption underlies the claim that use of the river for water sports is sure to increase after the state cleans up the Mason River and that the city should for that reason devote more money to riverside recreational facilities. The assumption that Mason City residents would actually want to do water sports in the Mason River.(As recreational activities, it is possible that water sports are regarded as pursuits for vacations and weekends away from the city.)This assumption underlies the claim that use of theriver for water sports is sure to increase after the state cleans up the Mason River and that the city should for that reason devote more money to riverside recreational facilities. The assumption that the park department devoting little of its budget to maintaining riverside recreational facilities means that these facilities are inadequately maintained. This assumption underlies the claim that the city should devote more money in this year’s budget to riverside recreational facilities. If current facilities are adequately maintained, then increased funding might not be needed even if recreational use of the river does increase. The assumption that the riverside recreational facilities are facilities designed for people who participate in water sports and not some other recreational pursuit. This assumption underlies the claim that the city should devote more money in this years budget to riverside recreational facilities. The assumption that the dirtiness of the river is the cause of its being little used and that cleaning up the river will be sufficient to increase recreational use of the river.(Residents might have complained about the water quality and smell even if they had no desire to boat, swim, or fish in the river.)This assumption underlies the claim that the states plan to clean up the river will result in increased use of the river for water sports. The assumption that the complaints about the river are numerous and significant. This assumption motivates the states plan to clean up the river and underlies the claim that use of the river for water sports is sure to increase.(Perhaps the complaints are coming from a very small minority, in which case cleaning the river might be a misuse of state funds.) The assumption that the states cleanup will occur soon enough to require adjustments to this year’s budget. This assumption underlies the claim that the city should devote more money in this year s budget to riverside recreational facilities. The assumption that the cleanup, when it happens, will benefit those parts of the river accessible from the city’s facilities. This assumption underlies the claim that the city should devote more money to riverside recreational facilities. The assumption that the city government ought to devote more attention to maintaining a recreational facility if demand for that facility increases. The assumption that the city should finance the new project and not some other agency or group(public or private).Should one or more of the above assumptions prove unwarranted, the implications for the argument are that: the logic of the argument falls apart/ is invalid/ is unsound. the state and city are spending their funds unnecessarily.。

GRE(QUANTITATIVE)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)

GRE(QUANTITATIVE)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)

GRE(QUANTITATIVE)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. 2. 3.1.Column A Column BThe least common denominator of 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 15A.if the quantity in Column A is greaterB.if the quantity in Column B is greaterC.if the two quantity are equalD.if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given正确答案:B解析:解:本题的正确答案为(B)。

“the least common denominator”是最小公分母,也就是分母的最小公倍数。

2,3和4的最小公倍数是12,所以1/2,1/3和1/4的最小公分母为12。

2.d=5. 03894 and |d| is the decimal expression for d rounded to the nearest thousandth.Column A Column BThe number of decimal places where d and |d| differ4A.if the quantity in Column A is greaterB.if the quantity in Column B is greaterC.if the two quantity are equalD.if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given正确答案:B解析:d=5.03894且|d|是d四舍五入到千分位的小数表达(decimal expression)。

解:本题的正确答案是(B)。

英语证书考试美国研究生入学考试(GRE)2022年模拟题3

英语证书考试美国研究生入学考试(GRE)2022年模拟题3

英语证书考试美国研究生入学考试(GRE)2022年模拟题3(总分:170.00,做题时间:180分钟)一、数值比较题(总题数:7,分数:56.00)1.x2=81Quantity A: xQuantity B: 8(分数:8.00)A.Quantity A is greater.B.Quantity B is greater.C.The two quantities are equal.D.The relationship cannot be determined from the information given. √解析:x2=81,那么x=±9,一个大于8,一个小于8,所以无法与8比较大小,选择D。

2.Quantity A: The Standard Deviation of 1, 3, 5,7,9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19Quantity B: The Standard Deviation of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20(分数:8.00)A.Quantity A is greater.B.Quantity B is greater.C.The two quantities are equal. √D.The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.解析:如果做这道题目时把两边的值硬算出来的话,显然是不明智的。

我们仔细观察一下这两个数列,第二个数列中的数对应项比第一个数列中的数都大1,那么根据标准方差的性质,这两个数列的standard deviation完全相等,所以选择C。

3.Quantity A: The probability that event R occurs is 0.38 the probability that events R and W both occurQuantity B: 0.4(分数:8.00)A.Quantity A is greater.B.Quantity B is greater. √C.The two quantities are equal.D.The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.解析:事件R发生的概率是0.38,事件R和W同时发生的概率必然小于单个事件发生的概率,不管这两个事件独立与否,因此两者同时发生的概率最大为0.38,小于0.4,所以选择B。

GRE(VERBAL)综合模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)

GRE(VERBAL)综合模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)

GRE(VERBAL)综合模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有:1. PART ONEPART ONE (Time:30 minutes 38 Questions)SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1.For some time now,______has been presumed not to exist: the cynical conviction that everybody has an angle is considered wisdom.A.B.C.D.E.正确答案:D解析:The colon indicates that the second part of the sentence will explain the first part. The missing word will describe the opposite of the cynical conviction that “everybody has an angle,” that is, that each person is concerned primarily with his or her own interests. Since “disinterestedness” means lack of self-interest, Choice D is correct. None of the other answer choices means something that is contrasted with or opposed to being primarily concerned with one’s own interests.2.Human nature and long distances have made exceeding the speed limit a (i)______in the state, so the legislators surprised no one when, acceding to public demand, they(ii)______increased penalties for speeding.A.B.C.D.E.正确答案:B解析:The reference to human nature and long distances suggest that it is rather routine for drivers to exceed the speed limit in this state. “Cherished tradition” best fits this context for Blank(i), since there is nothing in the sentence to suggest that speeding here is “controversial”or “disquieting.”In Blank(ii)we need to consider what the legislature would do that would surprise no one with regard to increased penalties for speeding. Given what we have learned so far, “rejected”is the best answer; it would be surprising il the legislature “endorsed”or even “considered”increased penalties for speeding. Thus the correct answer is cherished tradition(Choice B)and rejected(Choice F).3.Serling’s account of his employer’s reckless decision making(i)______that company’s image as(ii)______bureaucracy full of wary managers.A.B.C.D.E.正确答案:A解析:The correct answer for Blank(i)must support, or at least be consistent with, the contrast between Serling’s account, which emphasizes the recklessness of the company’s decision making, and the company’s image, that of a bureaucracy full of wary managers. For Blank(i), “belies” is the best choice since Serling’s account would certainly belie or contradict the company’s image. “Exposes” makes little sense since the image presumably is already out in the open, and there is nothing in the sentence that suggests Serling’s account “overshadows” the company’s image. As for Blank(ii), “a cautious” is the most logical choice. Neither “an injudicious” nor “a disorganized”makes sense in Blank(ii)as they both go against the notion of wariness.4.No other contemporary poet’s work has such a well-earned reputation for (i)______, and there are few whose moral vision is so imperiously unsparing. Of late, however, the almost belligerent demands of his severe and densely forbidding poetry have taken an improbable turn. This new collection is the poet’s fourth book in six years—an ample output even for poets of sunny disposition, let alone for one of such(ii)______over the previous 50 years. Yet for all his newfound(iii)______, his poetry is as thorny as ever.A.B.C.D.E.正确答案:C解析:Since the author of the paragraph has described the poet’s reputation as “well-earned,” the correct completion for Blank(i)must be something that is consistent with what the rest of the passage says about the poet’s work. Only “near impenetrability”fulfills this requirement, since the next sentence tells us that the poet’s work is “severe”and “densely forbidding,”which rule out both accessibility and frivolity. The Blank(ii)completion must contrast with “ample output,” and of the available options, only “penitential austerity” does so. Finally, the word in Blank(iii), since it is preceded by “newfound,” must refer to the change that has occurred in the poet’s work. The change the paragraph has described is an increase in output, so “volubility” is the correct choice.5.Managers who think that strong environmental performance will(i)______ their company’s financial performance often(ii)______claims that systems designed to help them manage environmental concerns are valuable tools. By contrast, managers who perceive environmental performance to be(iii)______ to financial success may view an environmental management system as extraneous. In either situation, and whatever their perceptions, it is a managers commitment to achieving environmental improvement rather than the mere presence of a system that determines environmental performance.A.B.C.D.E.正确答案:B解析:The first two sentences introduce two contrasting sets of managers. The managers identified in the second sentence view systems designed to help manage environmental concerns as “extraneous,”suggesting that they would view environmental performance to be “peripheral”(Choice I)to financial performance. The other options for Blank(iii)—“complementary”and “intrinsic”—are not consistent with the idea that environmental management systems are extraneous. With Blank(iii)filled in, we can go back to Blanks(i)and(ii)with greater confidence: “bolster”works best in Blank(i), since the two sets of managers have contrasting views. Blank(ii)is not straightforward—clearly these managers would not “hotly dispute”this claim, but “appropriately acknowledge”is less easily ruled out.“Uncritically accept”makes sense and is confirmed when we look at the final sentence in which the author warns that, in either situation, “the mere presence of a system” is not enough to achieve environmental improvement. In fact, a system is not even necessary. Thus the author of the paragraph does not regard the systems as particularly valuable, ruling out “appropriately acknowledge.”6.Philosophy, unlike most other subjects, does not try to extend our knowledge by discovering new information about the world. Instead it tries to deepen our understanding through(i)______what is already closest to us—the experiences, thoughts, concepts, and activities that make up our lives but that ordinarily escape our notice precisely because they are so familiar. Philosophy begins by finding(ii)______the things that are(iii)______.A.B.C.D.E.正确答案:B解析:The first two sentences present a contrast between extending our knowledge by discovering “new information about the world”—which we are told philosophy does not do —and extending knowledge through some activity involving “things that are closest to us.”The first blank asks us to identify that activity, and although “attainment”makes little sense in context, both “rumination on”and “detachment from” have some appeal. However, the clear implication that philosophy attends to things that ordinarily escape our notice eliminates “detachment from” as a correct answer. Blank(ii)requires something that suggests the importance of familiar things as subjects of philosophical rumination, and “utterly mysterious” does just that. “Essentially irrelevant” and “thoroughly commonplace” do not fit logically since they suggest that these “familiar” things are unimportant. Similarly, Blank(iii)needs to be consistent with the description of those things as familiar and close. “Most prosaic”fits that idea while “refreshingly novel”goes in the other direction. “Somewhat hackneyed”has some plausibility but is too negative given the overall tone of the sentence; there is no indication that those things are in any way trite.SECTION 2Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.7.The government’s implementation of a new code of ethics appeared intendedto shore up the ruling party’s standing with an increasingly______electorate at a time when the party is besieged by charges that it trades favors for campaign money.A.aloofB.placidC.restiveD.skittishE.tranquil正确答案:C解析:The words filling the blank must be consistent with the idea that the ruling party needs to “shore up” its standing with the electorate. In their own way, Choices A, C, D, and F are consistent with that idea, but only two of these when taken together —”restive”and “skittish”—produce sentences that are alike in meaning. “Aloof”fits the blank reasonably well, but there is no other word offered that is nearly alike in meaning. The same holds for “vociferous.”“Placid”and “tranquil”are similar in meaning but do not fit the context of the sentence.8.Overlarge, uneven, and ultimately disappointing, the retrospective exhibition seems too much like special pleading for a forgotten painter of real but______ talents.A.limitedB.partialC.undiscoveredD.circumscribedE.prosaic正确答案:A解析:The sentence is explaining why the exhibition of the painters work was unsatisfactory, and since it says that the painters talents were real, the word in the blank has to indicate why those talents were not, in the opinion of the author of the sentence, good enough. The words “limited”and “circumscribed”do so and also produce sentences that are alike in meaning, so this pair forms the correct answer. Although “undiscovered”and “hidden”are similar in meaning, they do not make sense in the context of the sentence, since they do not indicate why the painter’s talents were not adequate. Other choices, such as “partial” and “prosaic” might make sense in context, but none of the other choices that meets that criterion also has a companion choice that would produce another sentence alike in meaning. Thus the correct answer is limited(Choice A)and circumscribed(Choice D).9.Newspapers report that the former executive has been trying to keep a low profile since his______exit from the company.A.celebratedB.mysteriousC.long-awaitedD.fortuitousE.indecorous正确答案:E解析:The sentence needs to be completed with a word that suggests a reason for the executive to wish to keep a low profile. The words “indecorous” and “unseemly”both suggest such a reason, and the sentences completed with those two choices are alike in meaning. Therefore, that pair forms the correct answer. Although one might get a sensible sentence by filling the blank with another choice, such as “long-awaited,”none of the other choices that meets that criterion also has a companion choice that would produce another sentence alike in meaning.SECTION 3Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.10.In the United States between 1850 and 1880, the number of farmers continued to increase, but at a rate lower than that of the general population.Which of the following statements directly contradicts the information presented above?A.The number of farmers in the general population increased slightly in the 30 years between 1850 and 1880.B.The rate of growth of the United States labor force and the rate of growth of the general population rose simultaneously in the 30 years between 1850 and 1880.C.The proportion of farmers in the United States labor force remained constant in the 30 years between 1850 and 1880.D.The proportion of farmers in the United States labor force decreased from 64 percent in 1850 to 49 percent in 1880.E.The proportion of farmers in the general population increased from 68 percent in 1850 to 72 percent in 1880.正确答案:E解析:The given sentence indicates that the proportion of farmers in the general population decreased from 1850 to 1880. Choice E says exactly the opposite—that this proportion increased—and therefore it contradicts the passage and is the correct response. Choice A is incorrect because it agrees with the given sentence, and Choices B, C, and D are all incorrect because they refer to the labor force, about which the given sentence says nothing.11.A ten-year comparison between the United States and the Soviet Union in terms of crop yields per acre revealed that when only planted acreage is compared, Soviet yields were equal to 68 percent of United States yields. When total agricultural acreage(planted acreage plus fallow acreage)is compared, however, Soviet yield was 114 percent of United States yield.From the information above, which of the following can be most reliably inferred about United States and Soviet agriculture during the ten-year period?A.A higher percentage of total agricultural acreage was fallow in the United States than in the Soviet Union.B.The United States had more fallow acreage than planted acreage.C.Fewer total acres of available agricultural land were fallow in the Soviet Union than in the United States.D.The Soviet Union had more planted acreage than fallow acreage.E.The Soviet Union produced a greater volume of crops than the United States produced.正确答案:A解析:If crop yield per planted acre was less in the Soviet Union than it was in the United States, yet crop yield per total(planted plus fallow)agricultural acreage was greater in the Soviet Union than it was in the United States, the percentage of the total acreage that was left fallow must have been lower in the Soviet Union than in the United States. Therefore, Choice A is the correct answer. Since the information provided in the paragraph is given in terms of yield per acre, no conclusion can be drawn about actual acreage, so Choices B, C, and D are all incorrect. Similarly, it is impossible to determine the total volume of crops produced in the Soviet Union, so Choice E is incorrect.For hot desert locations with access to seawater, a new greenhouse design generates freshwater and cool air. Oriented to the prevailing wind, the front wall of perforated cardboard, moistened and cooled by a trickle of seawater pumped in, cools and moistens hot air blowing in. This cool, humidified air accelerates plant growth; little water evaporates from leaves. Though greenhouses normally capture the heat of sunlight, a double-layered roof, the inner layer coated to reflect infrared light outward, allows visible sunlight in but traps solar heat between the two layers. This heated air, drawn down from the roof, then mixes with the greenhouse air as it reaches a second seawater-moistened cardboard wall at the back of the greenhouse. There the air absorbs more moisture, which then condenses on a metal wall cooled by seawater, and thus distilled water for irrigating the plants collects.12.It can be inferred that the process described in the passage makes use of which of the following?A.The tendency of hot air to riseB.The directional movement of windC.The temperature differential between the sea and the desert正确答案:B解析:Choices B and C are correct. This question asks the reader which of the three phenomena listed in the answer choices is used in the process described in the passage.Choice A is incorrect: the passage does not indicate that the tendency of hot air to rise is used in the process, and in fact says that heated air is drawn down, not up, as part of the greenhouse design.Choice B is correct: the second sentence describes the orientation of a perforated cardboard wall toward the prevailing wind so that hot air blows in and is moistened.Choice C is correct: the passage describes the use of seawater to cool hot desert air and to provide moisture that is absorbed by heated airand then condensed on a seawater-cooled surface for the purpose of irrigating the plants.13.It can be inferred that the greenhouse roof is designed to allow for which of the following?A.The avoidance of intense solar heat inside the greenhouseB.The entry of sunlight into the greenhouse to make the plants growC.The mixture of heated air with greenhouse air to enhance the collection of moisture正确答案:A解析:All three choices are correct. This question asks the reader which of the three effects listed in the answer choices are intended as part of the design of the greenhouse roof.Choice A is correct: the purpose of the double-layered roof is to trap solar heat before it gets inside the greenhouse proper.Choice B is correct: the coating on the inner layer of the roof allows visible sunlight into the greenhouse.Choice C is correct: the last two sentences of the passage describe how heated air from the roof is drawn down to mix with greenhouse air, resulting in the collection of distilled water for irrigation purposes.Many critics of Emily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a romantic reading receives more confirmation. Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the novel’s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use of narrators and time shifts. Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue for an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts. However, any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the novel’s diverse elements is bound to be somewhat unconvincing. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis(although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation. In this respect, Wuthering Heights shares a feature of Hamlet.14.According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about the first and second parts of Wuthering Heights?A.The second part has received more attention from critics.B.The second part has little relation to the first part.C.The second part annuls the force of the first part.D.The second part provides less substantiation for a romantic reading.E.The second part is better because it is more realistic.正确答案:D解析:This question requires the reader to identify which of the given relationships between the novel’s first and second parts is one that is described in the passage. According to the first sentence, the first part of the novel tends to confirm the “romantic”reading more strongly than the second. Therefore, Choice D is correct. Nothing in the passage suggests that critics have paid more attention to the second part, that the two parts have little relation, or that the second part is better. Therefore, Choices A, B, and E are incorrect. Choice C is a more extreme statement than any found in the passage, and therefore it is incorrect.15.Which of the following inferences about Henry James’s awareness of novelistic construction is best supported by the passage?A.James, more than any other novelist, was aware of the difficulties of novelistic construction.B.James was very aware of the details of novelistic construction.C.James’s awareness of novelistic construction derived from his reading of Bronte.D.James’s awareness of novelistic construction has led most commentators to see unity in his individual novels.E.James’s awareness of novelistic construction precluded him from violating the unity of his novels.正确答案:B解析:This question focuses on the passages mention of Henry James and asks what can be inferred from it. The third sentence implies that James represents a very high degree of authorial awareness of novelistic construction and that no such claim is necessarily being made for Bronte. Thus, Choice B is the correct answer. Choice A is incorrect, since the passage does not imply that there are particular difficulties that James understood uniquely among novelists. Choice C is incorrect because the passage does not state or imply that James read Bronte. The passage also does not say anything about commentators’opinions of the unity of James’s works; therefore Choice D is incorrect. Choice E is incorrect because the passage itself offers no information about the unity of James’s novels.16.The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that an interpretation of a novel shouldA.not try to unite heterogeneous elements in the novelB.not be inflexible in its treatment of the elements in the novelC.not argue that the complex use of narrators or of time shifts indicates a sophisticated structureD.concentrate on those recalcitrant elements of the novel that are outside the novel’s main structureE.primarily consider those elements of novelistic construction of which the author of the novel was aware正确答案:B解析:This question requires the reader to determine what can be inferred fromthe passage about its author’s view of the interpretation of novels. Choice A may seem attractive because in the passage the author says that Wuthering Heights has heterogeneous elements that resist inclusion in a unifying interpretive scheme. Choice A is incorrect, however, because the author does not indicate that the unification of different elements is to be avoided in interpretation generally. By contrast, the author’s parenthetical statement about rigidity does present a general warning against inflexibility of interpretation, and it is this that supports Choice B as the correct answer. Choice C is incorrect, as the author actually suggests the contrary of this view in the second sentence of the passage. Although the author mentions recalcitrant elements of Wuthering Heights, there is no suggestion by the author that such elements deserve a special focus in interpretation. Therefore Choice D is incorrect. The author of the passage does not indicate which elements, if any, of novelistic construction are most worthy of consideration. Therefore Choice E is incorrect.17.The author of the passage suggests which of the following about Hamlet?A.Hamlet has usually attracted critical interpretations that tend to stiffen into theses.B.Hamlet has elements that are not amenable to an all-encompassing critical interpretation.C.Hamlet is less open to an all-encompassing critical interpretation than is Wuthering Heights.正确答案:B解析:Choice B is correct. This question asks the reader which of the three statements about Hamlet listed in the answer choices are suggested by the author of the passage.Choice A is incorrect: the passage does not provide information about the characteristics of the usual critical interpretations of Hamlet.Choice B is correct: Hamlet is mentioned only in the final sentence of the passage, which refers to “this respect” in which Hamlet and Wuthering Heights are similar. The previous sentence reveals the point of similarity referred to: Wuthering Heights has elements that resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretive framework.Choice C is incorrect: the passage mentions only a feature shared between Hamlet and Wuthering Heights. It does not suggest anything about a difference in their openness to a particular critical interpretation.。

2006年GRE北美模拟试题(3)

2006年GRE北美模拟试题(3)

2006年GRE北美模拟试题(3)2006年GRE北美模拟试题(3)2006年GRE北美模拟试题(3)questions 1-6 a five-member commission is being set up to settle labor disputes.it must be composed of two representatives of management, two representatives of labor, and one independent specialist in labor relations.the management representatives must be chosen from among m, n, and o.the labor representatives must be chosen from among p, r, and s.either j or k must be chosen as the independent specialist.p cannot serve together with s.o cannot serve together with p.n cannot serve unless k serves at the same time.1. which of the following is a list of people who can serve together on the commission?(a) j, m, n, r, s(b) j, n, o, r, s(c) k, m, n, p, r(d) k, m, n, p, s(e) k, n, o, p, r2. which of the following persons must be chosen to serve on the commission?(a) j(b) m(c) n(d) p(e) r3. if p and r are chosen to be the labor representatives, which of the following statements must be true?ⅰk is chosen to serve on the commission.ⅱboth m and n are chosen to represent management.ⅲj is chosen to serve on the commission.(a) ⅰonly(b) ⅱonly(c) ⅲonly(d) ⅰand ⅱonly(e) ⅱand ⅲonly4. which of the following is a list of four persons who can be chosen to serve together on the commission if j has beenchosen?(a) m, n, p, r(b) m, n, r, s(c) m, o, p, r.(d) m, o, r, s(e) n, o, r, s5. if n, r, and s have been chosen as three members of the commission, which of the following statements about the remaining two members of the commission is accurate?(a) m and o are the only pair who can be chosen to complete the group.(b) k and o are the only pair who can be chosen to complete the group.(c) k and m are the only pair who can be chosen to complete the group.(d) both the pair m and o and the pair k and o are possible choices for completing the group.(e) both the pair k and m and the pair k and o are possible choices for completing the group.6. if j must be chose to serve on the commission, which of the following persons cannot be chosen to serve on the commission?(a) m(b) o(c) p(d) r(e) s7. if the laws of biology are ultimately based on the laws of physics and chemistry, then the laws of biology hold for living organisms wherever they may be found in the galaxy and the universe.the conclusion above logically depends on which of the following assumptions?(a) the science of biology is not as precise as the sciences of physics and chemistry.(b) the sciences of biology, physics, and chemistry are ultimately a single science.(c) the laws of physics and chemistry explain a narrower range of phenomena than do the laws of biology.(d) the laws of physics and chemistry hold throughout the universe.(e) a scientific law is necessarily universal.8. hittite tablets corroborate many of the descriptions of ancient life that appear in the iliad and even list greek citiesthat reportedly sent ships to troy. what this means is that the iliad is not creative literature, as is commonly believed, and hence not a matter for literary discussion. it is history and should be examined by historical science.the author of the passage above makes which of the following assumptions?ⅰ. a work cannot be classified as creative literature if that work records historical fact.ⅱ. the hittite tablets record actual events rather than legends.ⅲ. cities and events mentioned in the iliad but not in the tablets are fictitious.(a) ⅰonly(b) ⅱonly(c) ⅲonly(d) ⅰand ⅱonly(e) ⅱand ⅲonly9. it has been argued that the consumer has benefited from agricultural technology in the united states. consumers are spending, on the average, a decreasing proportion of their income on food. but the demand for food, especially in prosperous countries, is virtually insensitive to income, so thatas real incomes rise, the amount spent of food becomes a smaller proportion of expenditure. therefore, in order to judge whether consumers have really benefited from agricultural technology, it is necessary to know whether ____________.which of the following is the most logical completion of the passage above?(a) incomes will continue to rise(b) the proportion of income spent on food has declined more sharply than rises in real income warrant(c) technological costs constitute a substantial portion of the cost of food production(d) the quantity of food produced by american farmers has increased(e) consumers will increase the proportion of their income spent on foot as food prices risequestions 10-15four couples, the bascos, the jeffersons, the pardas, and the roberts, are learning a new dance. the dancers must perform this dance in pairs. at the beginning of the dance, each of the married couples is such a pair, but there are three calls for partner changes-calls x, y, and z-with the following results:when call x is made, mr. basco and mr. parda exchange partners.when call y is made, mrs. roberts and mrs. jefferson exchange partners.when call z is make, mr. jefferson and mr. parda exchange partners.when more than one call is made, each change of partners is based on the arrangement of partners produced by the preceding call. *10. if, since beginning of the dance, there has been one partner change, made in response to call x, which of the following must be a pair of partners?(a) mr. basco and mrs. parda(b) mr. basco and mrs. roberts(c) mr. jefferson and mrs. parda(d) mr. jefferson and mrs. basco(e) mr. roberts and mrs. jefferson11. if, after the first two calls of the dance, each dancer is again partnered with his or her own spouse, the calls made could have been(a) x followed by y(b) z followed by x(c) x followed by x, or y followed by y, or z followed by z(d) x followed by x, or y followed by y, but not z followed by z(e) x followed by x, or z followed by z, but not y followed by y12. if, since the beginning of the dance, two partner changes have been made, the first in response to call x and the second in response to call y, which of the following must be true?(a) mrs. basco is partnered with mr. roberts.(b) mrs. jefferson is partnered with mr. jefferson.(c) mr. parda is partnered with mrs. roberts.(d) only two of the women are partnered with their husbands.(e) no man is partnered with his wife.13. if mr. basco is partnered with mrs. basco after the first two calls of the dance, and if the second call was y, which of the following is true of the first call?(a) it must have been x.(b) it must have been y.(c) it must have been z(d) it could have been any of the three calls except x.(e) it could have been any of the three calls except z.14. if mr. jefferson is partnered with mrs. basco after the first two calls of the dance, and if the second call was z, which of the following is true of the first call?(a) it must have been x.(b) it must have been y.(c) it must have been z.(d) it could have been any of the three calls except y.(e) it could have been any of the three calls except z.15. if the dance begins with the three calls z, x, and y, in the order given, it must be true that after the third call.(a) mr. parda partners mrs. jefferson(b) mr. parda partners mrs. roberts(c) mr. basco partners mrs. basco(d) mr. basco partners mrs. jefferson(e) mr. basco partners mrs. robertsquestions 16-19four players-w, x, y, and z-play a series of games. in each game the four form two pairs that play against one another; one pair wins and one pair loses.when a pair wins or loses a game, both players are credited with the win or the loss.games are played in a series in which partners are changed with each game until all possible combinations of partners have played. the series begins again repeating the combinations of partners in the same order.16. which of the following is a possible sequence of partners for w?(a) x, z, y, x, y, z(b) y, x, z, x, z,y(c) y, z, x, y, z, x(d) z, x, y, z, y, x(e) z, y, x, y, x, z17. in order that all possible combinations of partners play one game each, how many games must be played?(a) 3(b) 4(c) 5(d) 6(e) 818. if each player has won at least one game, what is the minimum number of games that must have been played?(a) 1(b) 2(c) 3(d) 4(e) 519. at the end of the third game in the first series, which of the following must be true?(a) there is a player who has won two games and lost one game.(b) there is a player who has won all three games.(c) there is a player who has lost two or more games.(d) there are three players who have lost exactly one game each.(e) there are three players who have won exactly two games each.questions 20-22 a company owns exactly five delivery vans designated k, l, m, n, and o. at the end of the day, each of the vans must be parked in one of three parking lanes numbered 1, 2, and 3, which are each wide enough for just one van and long enough for all five vans. in lane 1, only vans k and l can be parked, but neither of these vans has to be parked in that lane.n is always parked earlier than o is parked. when parking a van, each driver enters one of the parking lanes from the rearand parks in the front most available position.no driver parks behind any more of the other vans than he has to at the time.20. which of the following could be the parking pattern after all vans have been parked?(a) k in lane 1; first l, then m, the o in lane 2; n in lane 3(b) k in front of l in lane 1; no van in lane 2; first m, then n, then o in lane 3(c) k in front of l in lane 1; m in lane 2; o in front of n in lane 3(d) k in front of n in lane 1; l in lane 2; m in front of o in lane 3(e) l in front of k in lane 1; n in front of o in lane 2; m in lane 321. each of the following could be true after all of the vans have been parked except:(a) k is the only van parked in lane 2.(b) l is the only van parked in lane 1.(c) l and o are both parked in lane 3.(d) m and n are both parked in lane 2.(e) m and o are parked in different lanes.22. if all five of the vans are parked, but none of them inlane 1, which of the following must be true?(a) k was parked earlier than l was.(b) n was parked earlier than m was.(c) o was the last van to be parked.(d) k and l were the first two vans to be parked.(e) m and o were the last two vans to be parked.23. recent data from the center for disease control indicate a decline in the reported instances of disease q. this decline is surprising, because it follows a period in which the formerly obscure q received a great deal of publicity in the news media.which of the following, if assumed by the author to be true, would provide the most logical explanation of the author's surprise at the reported decline?(a) increased public awareness of a disease usually stimulates efforts to eradicate the disease.(b) increased public awareness of a disease usually leads to an increase in reported instances of the disease.(c) an obscure disease may sometimes receive a great deal of publicity even though doctors have begun to suspect that the disease no longer exists.(d) the center for disease control typically concerns itselfonly with diseases that are of public importance.(e) it is unusual for the reported instances of a disease to decline sharply after a long period of stability.24. husbands of wage-earning women spend, on the average, the same amount of time on housework as do husbands of women who do not earn wages: eleven hours per week.husbands of wage-earning women perform household tasks on more occasions than do husbands of women who do not earn wages.if the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn?(a) the average time spent per occasion of performing individual household tasks is less for husbands of wage-earning women than it is for husbands of women who do not earn wages.(b) husbands of wage-earning women report a higher rate of participation in household tasks than is actually the case, because they overestimate the number of times they do housework.(c) on the average, husbands of wage-earning women allocate a little more time to housework per month than dohusbands of women who do not earn wages.(d) there is no difference in the patterns of time spent on household tasks by husbands of wage-earning women and by husbands of women who do not earn wages.(e) husbands of wage-earning women participate more often in tasks that are completed in a short time than they do in tasks that take a long time to complete.25. most canvases used by artists in the preindustrial united states were imported from europe, but the wooden stretchers on which the canvas was mounted were always made from american wood. retailers of art supplies, both in the united states and europe, often stamped blank canvases with their names and addresses. completed painting brought from europe to america were frequently taken off their european stretchers for shipping and remounted on american stretchers after their arrival.a cultural historian could legitimately use the information in the passage above in establishing that a painting of that era done on(a) canvas sold by a european retailer and mounted on a stretcher of american wood is probably an american painting(b) canvas sold by an american retailer and mounted on astretcher of american wood is probably an american painting(c) canvas sold by an american retailer and not mounted on a stretcher is probably not an american painting(d) unmarked canvas mounted on a stretcher of american wood is probably an american painting(e) unmarked canvas that is not mounted on a stretcher is probably not an american paintingquestions 1-7 a disc jockey is planning a new format for her program, which has eight slots numbered one through eight, consecutively. the program must consist of the following eight segments: one weather report, two commercials, one sports report, and four records, not necessarily in the order given. each of these eight segments must be aired only once during the program according to the following conditions:the two commercials cannot be aired consecutively.the program must begin with either a commercial or the weather report and must end with either a commercial or the weather report.1. which of the following is a possible assignment of segments for the radio program to slots one through eight, respectively?(a) commercial, record, weather report, record, sports report, record, record, commercial(b) record, record, commercial, commercial, record, record, sports report, weather report(c) record, sports, report, commercial, record, weather report, record, commercial, record(d) weather report, record, commercial, record, sports report, record, commercial, record(e) weather report, record, record, sports report, record, record, commercial, commercial2. if the weather report is aired in slot one, each of the following could be the slot occupied by one of the commercials except(a) two(b) three(c) four(d) five(e) seven3. which of the following assignments of segments to slots two and three, respectively, results in one and only one type of segment to be assigned to each of the remaining slot?(a) weather report, record(b) weather report, sports report(c) record, sports report(d) sports report, commercial(e) sports report, record4. if a weather report is aired in slot tow, and if the sports report is aired in slot five, all of the following must be true except:(a) a record is aired immediately after the sports report.(b) a record is aired in slot three.(c) a commercial is aired in slot four.(d) a commercial is aired in slot eight.(e) a commercial is aired immediately after a record.5. if a program begins with the weather report, and if one commercial is aired immediately before the sports report and one commercial is aired immediately after it, the records must be assigned to slots(a) one through four(b) two through five(c) three through six(d) four through seven(e) five through eight6. if a record is aired after each commercial, and if the sports report is aired in slot five, which of the following must be true?ⅰ. a record is aired is slot seven.ⅱ. a commercial is aired in slot three.ⅲ. the sports report is aired between two records.(a) ⅰonly(b) ⅱonly(c) ⅲonly(d) ⅰand ⅱonly(e) ⅱand ⅲonly7. if the weather report is aired in slot four, and if exactly two of the four records are played consecutively, the sports report must be aired in slot(a) two(b) three(c) five(d) six(e) seven8. a man charged with theft of cable television services said, "they even want restitution of $662 they claim i owe them, which is ridiculous, because i didn't enjoy some of those showsat all."the man's assertion establishes that he(a) owes the money the cable service claims he owes(b) did watch programs that were shown on the cable service(c) does owe the cable service an amount of money, but less than $662(d) was aware that his hookup to the cable service was unauthorized(e) is willing to pay a moderate price of the cable service9. the theoretical principle of democracy is majority rule, but at least in presidential politics majority rule has never triumphed. in every presidential election, more people of voting age failed to vote than voted for the eventual winner. "none of the above" is evidently the perennially favorite candidate of most citizens.the conclusion of the passage is based on which of the following assumptions?(a)nonresidential elections are less worthy of study than are presidential election.(b) people of voting age who fail to vote in presidential elections do so to express their dissatisfaction with thecandidates.(c) a presidential candidate need not receive votes from a majority of those who actually vote in order to win an election.(d) the ratio of voters to nonvoter among those of voting age indicates the relative popularity of the competing candidates.(e) the principle of majority rule has never been correctly defined.10. scientists do not live or work in isolation from the rest of the world. they toil in government laboratories, universities, and industry. yet they espouse only what scientific evidence convinces them is true, not what the public wants to hear. in fact, nothing ruins scientific research faster than mixing it with political considerations.it can be inferred from the passage above that the author believes that(a) the public has no faith in the discoveries of scientists(b) scientists cannot be effective politicians(c) scientific conclusions have few political implications(d) political aims are likely to be irrelevant to scientific research(e) scientific research should be apoliticalquestions 11-14 the following buses and trains are the only forms of pubic transportation that can be used to go between town p and town q:on the way from p to q, the following stops are made. the buses stop atop at towns r, s, t, and u, in that order.express trains stop at town t only.early local trains stop at towns v, w, t, and x only, in that order.late local trains stop at towns v, w, and x only, in that order.on the way from q to p, the routes are reversed.the buses stop at towns u,t,s, and r, in that order.express trains stop at town t only.early local train stop at towns x,t,w, and v only, in that order.late local trains stop at towns x, w, and v only, in that order.the bus station is at the train station in towns p, t, and q.11. it is possible, without changing to another bus or train, to take a bus or train along the routes above between each of the following pairs of towns except from(a) r to t(b) r to u(c) s to u(d) u to x(e) v to x12. in order to go from v to u along the routes above, it is necessary to take(a) a bus only(b) an early local train only(c) a local train and a bus(d) either an early or a late local train only(e) a local train and an express train13. to make the fewest possible stops in going from x to p along the routes above, it is necessary to take(a) an express train only(b) an early local train only(c) a late local train only(d) a local train and then a bus(e) an early local train and then an express train14. in order to go from x to r along the routes above, it is necessary to take first(a) a local train and later a bus(b) a bus and later a local train(c) an express train and later a bus(d) a bus and later an express train(e) a local train and later an express trainquestions 15-17 an arbitration panel, drawn from the red league referees (k, l, m, and n) and from the green league referees (r, s, and t), is formed whenever conflicts cannot otherwise be resolved.each panel has three, four, or five members.both leagues must be represented on any panel, but never by equal numbers of referees.each panel is chaired by a panel member representing the league whose representatives are in the minority on that panel.k and r cannot serve on any panel unless they serve together.either l or s or both serve on any panel that is formed.15. which of the following is a properly constituted arbitration panel, with the chairperson listed first?(a) s; l, m(b) k; l, r, t(c) l; m, n, s(d) t; k, r, s(e) k; m, n, r, s16. if, on a given panel, n must serve as chairperson, the other members of that panel must be which of the following?(a) m and s(b) s and t(c) l, r, and s(d) l, s, and t(e) r, s, and t17. if a new arbitration panel, chaired by s, has been formed from an old panel, chaired by m, merely by replacing a single member of the old panel, which of the following must be the referee who was thus replaced?(a) k(b) l(c) n(d) r(e) tquestions 18-22 m, n, o, p, q, and r are two sets of triplets, not necessarily in the order given. none of the six is married to a sibling or to someone of the same sex:four of the six are male and two are female.neither set of triplets contains three siblings of the samesex.m and p are married to each other.n is q's only brother.18. who cannot be sister and brother?(a) m and q(b) o and r(c) p and q(d) p and r(e) r and q19. r must be a female if(a) m and q are siblings(b) o and r are siblings(c) p and q are siblings(d) o is p's sister-in-law(e) o is p's brother-in-law20. which of the following statements must be false?(a) o is p's sister-in-law.(b) q is p's sister-in-law.(c) n is p's brother-in-law.(d) o is p's brother-in-law.(e) q is p's brother-in-law.21. if q and r are married to each other, which of thefollowing must be true?(a) o is a male.(b) r is a male.(c) m is a female.(d) n is a female.(e) p is a female.22. if p and r are brother, which of the following must be true?(a) m and o are siblings.(b) n and p are siblings.(c) m is a male.(d) o is a female.(e) q is a female.23. recently a number of writers have proposed that our ancestors were influenced by visits from extraterrestrial and that these visitors were the builders of such monuments as the pyramids of egypt.which of the following statements, if true, would constitute the strongest evidence in support of the proposal described above?(a) the level of technology achieved by our ancestors who designed and built the monuments in question wasactually much higher than it was formerly believed to be.(b) monuments such as the pyramids of egypt are very often positioned so that their prominent design features point to heavenly bodies.(c) stories about beings from heaven appear in the mythologies of cultures that could have had no interchange with one another.(d) modern builders cannot conceive of a way to duplicate the monuments without resorting to the most recent technological innovations.(e) any extraterrestrial civilization advanced enough to have interplanetary space travel during the time of our ancestors could easily find means of communicating with them.24. to produce a pound of protein, herbivorous sea creatures such as abalones require relatively little plant food, whereas carnivores such as tuna feed on herbivores and thus require the conversion of thousands of pounds of plant food. hence it would be better for ecological balance if people ate abalone instead of tuna.which of the following, if true, is the best criticism of the argument above?(a) abalone costs much more per pound than tuna does.(b) tuna is much easier to harvest than abalone is.(c) abalones mature so slowly that meeting market demands would exhaust the stock .(d) human beings would require the same amount of protein from either abalone or tuna.(e) the average specimen of abalone is much smaller than the average specimen of tuna.25.in an attempt to reverse the deterioration of the postal service in at least some respects, the government has raised the price of postage stamps. this effort will be effective since reducing the number of persons using the postal system should result in a corresponding reduction in the percentage of letter lost.the author of the passage above makes which of the following assumptions?ⅰ. fewer people will buy postage stamps if they are more expensive.ⅱ. the percentage of letters lost by the postal service has been evidence of the deterioration of the postal system.ⅲ. the government will improve the efficiency of the postal service with revenues from higher priced stamps.(a) ⅰonly(b) ⅱonly(c) ⅲonly(d) ⅰand ⅱonly(e) ⅰand ⅲonly2006年GRE北美模拟试题(3) 相关内容:。

GRE模拟练习题:美国研究生入学考试试题.docx

GRE模拟练习题:美国研究生入学考试试题.docx

GRE 模:美国研究生入学考SECTION 1Time - 30 minutes38 QuestionsDirections : Each sentence below has one or two blanks , each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered words orset of words. Choose the word or set of words for eachblank that best fits the meanin of the sentence as a whole.1. Nonviolent demonstrations often create such ten-sions that a community that has constantly refused to —— its injustices is forced to correct them:the injustices can no longer be——。

(A)acknowledge⋯⋯ignored(B)decrease⋯⋯verified(C)tolerate⋯⋯ accepted(D)address⋯⋯eliminated(E)explain ⋯⋯ discussed2. Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austen‘ s novels has oscillated between——and condescension; but in generallater writers have esteemed her works more highly than didmost of her literary——。

(A)dismissal⋯⋯ admirers(B)adoration. .contemporaries(C)disapprpval⋯⋯ readers(D)indifference⋯⋯ followers(E)approbation⋯⋯ precursors3. There are , as yet , no vegetation types orecosystems whose study has been——to the extent thatthey no longer——ecologists.(A)perfected ⋯⋯ hinder(B)exhausted⋯⋯interest(C)prolonged ⋯⋯ require(D)prevented ⋯⋯ challenge(E)delayed⋯⋯benefit4. Under ethical guidelines recently adopted by the National lnstitutes of Health,human genes are to be manipulated only to correct diseases for which——treatments are unsatisfactory.(A)similar(B)most(C)dangerous(D)uncommon(E)alternative5. It was her view that the countr y‘ s problems had been —— by foreign technocrats,so that to invite them to come back would be counterproductive.(A)foreseen(B)attacked(C)ascertained(D)exacerbated(E)analyzed6.Winsor McCay , the cartoonist , could draw with incredible ——: his comic strip about Little Nemo was characterized by marvelous draftsmanship and sequencing.(A)sincerity(B)efficiency(C)virtuosity(D)rapidity(E)energy7. The actual——of Wilson‘ s position was always —— by his refusal to compromise after having initially agreed to negotiate a settlement.(A)outcome ⋯⋯ foreshadowed(B)logic ⋯⋯ enhanced(C)rigidity⋯⋯ betrayed(D)uncertainty⋯⋯ alleviated(E)cowardice ⋯⋯ highlightedDirections : In each of the foiiowing questions,a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to thatexpressed in the original pair.8. SEDATTVE:DROWSlNESS::(A)epidemic : contagiousness(B)vaccine : virus(C)laxative : drug(D)anestheiic : numbness(E)therapy : psychosisWYER :COURTROOM::(A)participant : team(B)commuter : train(C)gladiator : arena(D)senator : caucus(E)patient : ward10. CURIOSITY:KNOW::(A)temptation : conquer(B)starvation : eat(C)wanderlust : travel(D)humor : laugh(E)survival : live11. FRUGAL:MISERLY::(A)confident : arrogant(B)courageouss : pugnacious(C)famous : aggressive(D)rash:foolhardy(E)quiet : timid12. ANTIDOTE:POISON::(A)cure:recovery(B)narcotic : sleep(C)stimulant : relapse(D)tonic : lethargy(E)resuscitation : breathing13. STYGIAN.:DARK::(A)abysmal : low(B)cogent : contentious(C)fortuitous. : accidental(D)reckless : threatening(E)cataclysmic : doomed14. WORSHIP:SACRIFICE::(A)generation : pyre(B)burial:mortuary(C)weapon : centurion(D)massacre : invasion(E)prediction : augury15. EVANESCENT:l)ISAPPEAR:(A)tlansparent : penetrate(B)onerous : struggle(C)feckless : succeed(D)illusory : exist(E)pliant : yield16. UPBRAlD:REPROACH::(A)dote:like(B)lal :: stray(C)vex:please(D)earn:desire(E)recast : explainDirections : Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content.After reading a passage,choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what isstated or implied in that passage. lt has been known formany decades that the appear-ance of sunspots is roughly periodic,with an average cycle of eleven years. Moreover,the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays,ultraviolet radiation , and x-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot(5)cycle. But after more than a century of investigation. The relation of these and other phenomena,known collectively as the solar-activity cycle , to terrescrialweather and climate remains unclear. For example. the sunspot cycle and the allied rnagnetic-polarity cycle have been(10)linked to periodicities discerned in records of such variables as rainhll. temperature , and winds. lnvariably ,however , the relation is weak. and commonly ofdubious statistical significance.Effects of solar variability overlonger terms have also。

2020年GRE模拟试题及答案(卷三)

2020年GRE模拟试题及答案(卷三)

2020年GRE模拟试题及答案(卷三)To call Kermode the finest English critic of his generation would be a ___ compliment, since not many of its population are professionally engaged in literary criticism.A. sincereB. backhandedC. paltryD. heartfeltE. meagerF. plausible选CE翻译:说K 是他这一代最好的英语作品批评家不算谬赞,因为该地区专门从事文学批评的人就不多。

sincere (感情、行为等)真诚的,(人)诚实直率的backhanded (体育)反手击的,拐弯抹角的,不直接的paltry 微不足道的,不重要的,无价值的,可鄙的heartfelf 衷心的,诚挚的meager 不足的,缺乏的,贫乏的,瘦的plausible 看似真实的,看上去想那么回事的,花言巧语的,口惠而实不至的解这道题,最大的障碍可能在于如何理解compliment 这个词。

compliment【MWC】an expression of esteem, respect, affection, or admiration especially : an admiring remark .【AHD】An expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation.恭维:赞美、羡慕或祝贺的表达方式【牛津高阶双解】expression of praise, admiration, approval, etc赞美﹑敬佩﹑赞成等的表示你当然不能说这样的解释有什么错,但下面这条解释无疑捅破了这层窗户纸。

【柯林斯高阶】A compliment is a polite remark that you say to someone to show that you like their appearance, appreciate their qualities, or approve of what they have done.compliment(s) 是一种礼貌性的说法,它意味着这种夸赞对方的话,有可能是真的,也可能是假的、虚的、社交场合的。

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1081. Wood is an environmentally friendly building material because it _____ carbon dioxide, absorbing it during growth and retaining it even after it has been turned into lumber.A. dispersesB. eradicatesC. sequestersD. respiresE. regulates2. Despite the fact that it is quite difficult to find, in everyday discourse, causal explanations taking the form Hume proposed, many philosophers have regarded Hume’s model as _____ causal accounts.A. paradigmatic ofB. unworkable forC. tendentious aboutD. superfluous toE. irreducible to3. Goodin notes that people have (i)_____ cognitive capacities and that they therefore must consider some factors as (ii)_____ so as to be able to make decisions about other things.4. Some people (i)_____ translations of great literary works—especially those insistent on a literal translation for whom no rendering is ever (ii)_____ enough.5. It was not until 1995 that a planet beyond our solar system was first sighted, a discovery that greatly excited astronomers. Many had supposed that the processes that gave rise to our solar system were not (i)_____, and that there were other planets in the universe. Now, observations had (ii)_____.6. The longer the migratory route, the more fat migrating birds must accumulate as fuel for their flight. The gain in body mass would make birds obese by human standards, and should render them unable to fly, but this gain is (i)_____ premigratory (ii)_____ of digestive organs, inactive during migration, and by the (iii)_____ of the mu scles that power the flight.Soil communities are dependent on plants for organic matter. Plants provide organic matter for soil communities through the decomposition of leaf litter, by oozing nutrients from roots, or through other methods of deposition of organic compounds into the soil environments. As a result of these diverse methods by which plants supply resources, unique soil communities form under different plant species and under plant communities that differ in composition. If a nonnative plant species invades an above-ground community of flora and fauna, it can alter links between the native above-ground community and the below-ground soil community. For example, an invading nonnative plant could alter the quantity of leaf litter production, which would alter nutrient contributions to the soil.7. According to the passage, plants supply resources to soil communities by which of the following methods?A. Some plants supply resources to soil communities by promoting diversity of above-ground flora and fauna.B. Some plants supply resources to soil communities by oozing nutrients from their roots.C. Some plants supply resources to soil communities by depositing leaf litter.8. Which of the following statements about the connection between above-ground plants and below-ground soil communities can be inferred from the passage?A. Because of the nature of the link between above-and below-ground communities, many soil communities are deficient in nutrients.B. The extent to which soil communities are dependent on above-ground plants is extremely variable from one soil community to another.C. Because different plants supply resources to soil communities in different ways, distinctive soil communities form under different plant communities.Based on evidence from tree rings, pollen samples and other records, scientists have for a long time assumed that interglacials—warm interludes between ice ages—were as mild and uniform as the Holocene, the present interglacial, has been for all of its 8,000 to 10,000 years. But new research in Greenland has put this assumption into question.Researchers on two teams, the Greenland Ice-Core Project (GRIP) and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2), have analyzed two different cylinders of ice, each about two miles in depth, pulled up from the Greenland ice sheet. Such ice cores trap gases, bits of dust, and other chemicals that were present in the snow that fell over Greenland for thousands of years and then became compressed into ice. By studying these components, scientists have obtained a detailed archive of many aspects of climate, including air temperatures, snowfall, and concentrations of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere.Findings from the upper sections of the cores have confirmed what scientists already knew climate during the last ice age fluctuated rapidly. But scientists were astonished by findings from the lower sections of the GRIP core, which provided a close look at an interglacial period other than our own, the Eemian interglacial, a period that lasted from 135,000 to 115,000 years ago. Data from GRIP seem to indicate that the Eemian climate swung at least as wildly as the climate of ice age periods.Researchers’ clues to the Eemian climate come from measurements of the ratios of two slightly different types of oxygen, isotopes oxygen-16 and oxygen-18, preserved in the GRIP core. These ratios register the fluctuations of air temperatures over the seasons and years. When the air was warm, vapor containing the heavier isotope, oxygen-18, condensed and formed precipitation, in the form of snow, more readily than did vapor containing oxygen-16. Thus, snow that fell during warmer periods contains proportionally more oxygen-18 than snow deposited during cold spells. Evidence of rapid climate shifts was also drawn from other sources, such as measurements of amounts of dust and calcium ions in the ice layers during cold periods: winds were strong, causing calcium-rich dust from loess deposits, which are composed of loose surface sediment, to blow across the ice sheet. Thus, differing amounts of dust in the layers also indicate changing climatic conditions.However, finds from the lower section of GISP 2 do not confirm those of GRIP. The wild climate swings shown by GRIP in the last interglacial are not seen in the GISP2 core. According to a GISP 2 scientist, the weight of flowing glacial ice above has stressed the lower sections of both cores. This may have deformed the lower ice, disrupting its annual layers and thereby causing the discrepancy between the records. Still, some climatologists believe GRIP’s record may be the more reliable of the two. It was drilled closer to a location called the ice divide, where stresses would have been lower, they say.9. The passage is primarily concerned withA. refuting certain scientific theories about Earth’s climatic historyB. outlining new findings concerning Earth’s climate during ice agesC. discussing new research that may challenge a long-held scientific assumption about Earth’s climatic historyD. describing the climatic changes that occurred when Earth moved from an ice age into an interglacial periodE. reconciling conflicting evidence concerning climatic changes.10. Which of the following describes research that is most clearly analogous to the testing done by GRIP scientists?A. Scientists studying the formation of the Sahara desert measure the rate of topsoil erosion in the region"B. Scientists seeking to determine the age of a particular fossil measure the percentage of its carbon atoms that have decayedC. Scientists researching vision in flies measure and compare the amounts of vitamin A found in the retinas of several fly species."D. Scientists investigating the development of life on Earth measure and compare the amount of oxygen used by various organisms along the evolutionary scale.E. Scientists plotting the fluctuations in rainfall in the early rain forests measure the presence of certain gases trapped in tree rings of older trees.11 According to the passage, which of the following is the most accurate statement of what scientists believed, prior to the GRIP findings, about Earth’s climate?"A. Over the c ourse of Earth’s history, interglacials have become progressively milderB. Earth’s overall climate has been generally mild since the planet’s formationC. During both interglacials and ice ages, Earth’s climate has fluctuated violently.D. During ice ages, Earth’s climate has been highly variable, whereas during interglacials it has been mild and stable."E. During interglacials, Earth’s climate has been highly variable, whereas during ice ages it has been uniformly cold and icy.12. The passage suggests that which of the following is most likely to have been true of the oxygen-16 and oxygen-18 isotopes found in the lower sections of the GRIP core?"A. There was significantly more isotope oxygen-18 than isotope oxygen-16 in the ice layers.B. There was significantly more isotope oxygen-16 than isotope oxygen-18 in the ice layers.C. Ratios of isotopes oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 varied in the ice layers.D. Layers containing isotope oxygen-18 placed stress on the layers containing isotope oxygen-16, possibly distorting them."E. Isotope oxygen-16, being lighter, was located mainly in the upper layers, whereas oxygen-18 had settled into the lower layers.13. In spite of her fascination with chance, coincidence, and contingency, Stanning’snovels are _____ constructed, written from the head rather than the heart.A. hastilyB. extravagantlyC. painstakinglyD. meticulouslyE. evocativelyF. i mpulsively14. Although traditionally artists have rightly been seen as the most _____ audience for the work of their colleagues, today taste is also created by critics and curators and occasionally by collectors.A. arbitraryB. volatileC. perceptiveD. impulsiveE. subjectiveF. d iscerning15. Every serious attempt at a historical portrait of the past will subtly absorb the milieu and temperament of its living author, however _____ he or she sets out to be.A. entertainingB. comprehensiveC. objectiveD. engagingE. rigorousF. i mpartial16. Although we no longer have to rely on salt to keep food from spoiling, our appetite for it is _____: most people eat much more salt than they need.A. involuntaryB. inconstantC. unabatedD. unpredictableE. undiminishedF. i nsatiable166Although several ancient cultures practiced mummification, mummies from ancientEgypt are generally more well-preserved than mummies of similar antiquity from other cultures. One possible explanation for this difference is that the mummification techniques or material used by ancient Egyptians were better than those of other cultures. A second, more likely, explanation is that the extremely dry climate of ancient Egypt was largely responsible, given that dryness promotes the preservation of organic remains generally.17. Which is the following provide the most support for the argument?A. The materials used by ancient Egyptians for mummification were not used by any other ancient culture that practiced mummificationB. Some ancient Egyptian mummies are better preserved than other ancient Egyptian mummies form around the same time.C. No ancient people living in very damp areas practiced mummification.D. Bodies from ancient Egyptian tombs dating from before the practice of mummification began are almost as well preserved as ancient Egyptian mummies.E. Ancient mummies discovered in places other than Egypt have typically not been as well protected from the elements as ancient Egyptian mummies were.57Recent studies of the Philippine fruit bat fauna have confirmed some previoushypotheses regarding bats on oceanic islands: for example, species richness[ the number of different species in a particular area] and abundance are generally highest in the lowlands and decrease with increasing elevation. With few exceptions, each endemic species [species native to a particular place] is restricted to the modern islands that made up a single island during periods of low sea level, and genetic differentiation has been influenced by the ecology of the species and the current and past geographic and geological conditions. However, far more previous hypotheses have been overturned than supported. Some endemic Philippine species use disturbed habitat as extensively as nonendemic species that are widespread in Southeast Asia. Levels of genetic variation within all species are high, not low, and rather than showing evidence of an intrinsic vulnerability to extinction from natural causes, independent lineages of these bats have persisted in rather small areas for very long periods of time(often millions of years) in spite of frequent typhoons and volcanic eruptions. While colonization from outside areas has clearly contributed to the high species richness, speciation within the archipelago has contributed at least a quarter of the total species richness, including many of the most abundant species.18. The primary purpose of the passage is toA. draw on studies of the Philippine fruit bat in proposing a new theory regarding bats on oceanic islandsB. show how recent research on the Philippine fruit bat reflects debates about bats on oceanic islandsC. argue for the relevance of certain new evidence pertaining to the Philippine fruit bat or the study of bats on oceanic islandsD. discuss recent investigations of Philippines fruit bat in light of conventional wisdom regarding bats on oceanic islandsE. explain why the Philippine fruit bat is atypical among bats on oceanic islands in terms of genetic variation19. The primary function of the highlighted text is toA. identify a finding from the Philippine fruit bat studies that will have a significant impact on how oceanic bats generally are viewedB. point out a hypothesis that has been the subject of considerable disagreement among researchers studying oceanic batsC. present evidence that is difficult to reconcile with other recent findings regarding the Philippine fruit batD. illustrate a widely held view about oceanic bats generally that was confirmed by the Philippine fruit bat studiesE. identify a feature of the Philippine fruit bat that does not appear to apply to oceanic bats generally20. Which of the following can be inferred from t he passage about the “recent studies”?A. They point to the need for a significantly revised perspective on oceanic island bats generally.B. They were undertaken with the assumption that Philippine fruit bats were somewhat atypical among oceanic bats.C. They remain some what controversial among researchers because of the number of standard hypotheses that they tested.D. They have largely confirmed what scientists thought about the Philippine fruit bat.E. They suggest that bats on oceanic islands are more vulnerable to extinction than previously thought.。

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