精编动词不定式的用法
初中英语知识点归纳动词不定式的基本用法

初中英语知识点归纳动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,通常由动词原形加上to 构成。
它具有名词、形容词和副词的性质,可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和补语等成分。
本文将对动词不定式的基本用法进行归纳总结。
一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常常位于句首,具有强调的作用。
常见的句型有:1. To learn English well is my goal.学好英语是我的目标。
2. To drink eight glasses of water a day is beneficial to our health.每天喝八杯水对我们的健康有益。
二、动词不定式作宾语动词不定式可以作及物动词的宾语,常常跟在动词后面。
常见的动词有:1. want, hope, expect, plan, decide, promise, agree 等。
例如:I want to go to the park this weekend.我想这个周末去公园。
2. advise, encourage, allow, enable, force, teach 等。
例如:His teacher encourages him to learn new words every day.他的老师鼓励他每天学习新单词。
三、动词不定式作表语动词不定式可以作表语,说明主语的身份、职业、愿望等。
常见的句型有:1. His dream is to become a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。
2. Our aim is to win the game.我们的目标是赢得比赛。
四、动词不定式作补语动词不定式可以作及物动词的宾语补语和形容词的补足语。
常见的动词有:1. make, let, see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe 等。
例如:She made her son do his homework.她让她的儿子做作业。
动词不定式的用法总结

动词不定式的⽤法总结动词不定式是⾮谓语动词的⼀种形式。
其结构是“to+动词原形”,否定形式为“not+to+动词原形”。
动词不定式在句中不充当谓语,不受主语的限制,但有时态和语态的变化。
⽤法总结⼀、动词不定式做主语1.动词不定式直接做主语。
2.下列特殊句型中的动词不定式做真实主语。
“It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某⼈来说是……的”。
其中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语,不对⼈或物的品格进⾏评价,如difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,impossible等。
“It is+形容词+of sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某⼈来说是……的”。
其中句中的形容词⽤于描述⼈的性格、品质,如kind,good,nice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。
3.“It’s a/one’s+n.(task/duty/job)...+to do sth.”意为“做某事是……的任务/职责/⼯作”。
⼆、动词不定式做表语动词不定式做表语,⼀般⽤于be动词或seem等系表动词后⾯。
主语通常是wish,idea,works,task,job,aim等词。
三、动词不定式做宾语1.⼀些动词必须接动词不定式做宾语,这类动词有want(想要),decide(决定),ask(问、寻求),learn(学习),tell(告诉),teach(教、讲授),hope(希望),plan(计划),refuse(拒绝),expect(期待、期望),afford(负担得起),warn(警告),invite(邀请)等。
2.think,find,feel,make,believe等动词可⽤于“动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。
在此句型中,it做形式宾语,⽽真正的宾语是后⾯的动词不定式。
四、动词不定式做宾语补⾜语1.后接带to的不定式做宾语补⾜语的动词有ask,want,tell,wish,wouldlike,teach,invite,advise,allow,order,encourage,warn等。
动词不定式用法

动词不定式用法动词不定式是英语中的一种常见的动词形式,它被用来表示目的、意图、能力、愿望或建议等。
动词不定式通常由“to”和动词原形组成,如“to write”、“to read”、“to learn”等。
动词不定式在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语或补语等。
一、作为主语动词不定式可以作为主语,通常用于形式主语的结构中,例如:To learn English is important for me.(学习英语对我来说很重要。
)To study hard is the key to success.(努力学习是成功的关键。
)To travel is my dream.(旅行是我的梦想。
)二、作为宾语1.作及物动词的宾语动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语,例如:I want to learn English.(我想学英语。
)She decided to go to Beijing.(她决定去北京。
)They plan to visit Paris next year.(他们计划明年去巴黎。
)2.作介词的宾语动词不定式可以作为介词的宾语,通常介词为“for”、“of”、“about”、“to”等,例如:She is good at singing and dancing.(她擅长唱歌和跳舞。
)3.作动词或动词词组的宾语动词不定式可以作为某些动词或动词词组的宾语,例如:He hopes to become a doctor in the future.(他希望将来成为一名医生。
)I expect to see you soon.(我期望很快能见到你。
)三、作为定语动词不定式可以作为定语,修饰一个名词或代词,例如:I need a book to read.(我需要一本书来读。
)This is a good place to live.(这是一个适合居住的好地方。
)He has a lot of work to do.(他有很多工作要做。
动词不定式的用法大全

动词不定式的用法大全动词不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,通常由“to”加上动词原形构成。
它有多种用法,包括以下几个方面:1. 表示目的或意图,动词不定式可以用来表示一个动作或状态发生的目的或意图。
例如,"She studies hard to pass the exam."(她努力学习是为了通过考试。
)。
2. 作为动词的宾语,动词不定式可以作为另一个动词的宾语。
例如,"I want to learn a new language."(我想学一门新语言。
)。
3. 作为形容词的补语,动词不定式可以作为形容词的补语,用来修饰名词或代词。
例如,"It's important to finish the work on time."(及时完成工作很重要。
)。
4. 作为状语,动词不定式可以用来修饰句子或句子中的动词,表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
例如,"He works hard to support his family."(他努力工作是为了养家糊口。
)。
5. 与情态动词连用,动词不定式可以与情态动词连用,表示不同的情态含义,如推测、必要性、可能性等。
例如,"You should study harder to improve your grades."(你应该更努力学习来提高成绩。
)。
6. 作为主语,动词不定式有时可以作为句子的主语。
例如,"To travel around the world is my dream."(环游世界是我的梦想。
)。
总的来说,动词不定式在句子中具有多种用法,可以表示目的、作为宾语、形容词的补语、状语、与情态动词连用,甚至可以作为句子的主语。
掌握动词不定式的用法对于准确理解和运用英语语法至关重要。
希望这些信息能够帮助你更好地理解动词不定式的用法。
动词不定式的用法与练习

动词不定式的用法与练习动词不定式是英语中的一种非限定性动词形式,通常由"to"加上动词的原形构成。
不定式可以具有名词、形容词或副词的功能,在句子中起到不同的作用。
本文将介绍动词不定式的基本用法,并提供一些练习帮助读者巩固所学知识。
一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式可以在句子中作主语,常见句型为:To study is important for success.解析:动词不定式"To study"作主语,表示“学习”在成功中的重要性。
二、动词不定式作宾语动词不定式可以在句子中作宾语,常见句型为:I want to learn French.解析:动词不定式"to learn"作宾语,表示“学习法语”的愿望。
三、动词不定式用于形容词后动词不定式可以用于形容词的后面,修饰名词或代词,常见句型为:I am happy to help you.解析:动词不定式"to help"用于形容词"happy"后,表示“乐意帮助你”。
四、动词不定式用于副词后动词不定式也可以用于副词的后面,修饰动词或整个句子,常见句型为:She went to the park to enjoy the sunshine.解析:动词不定式"to enjoy"用于副词"to the park"后,表示“去公园享受阳光”。
五、动词不定式用于介词后动词不定式还可以用于介词的后面,常见句型为:He is good at playing basketball.解析:动词不定式"playing"用于介词"at"后,表示“擅长打篮球”。
六、动词不定式作状语动词不定式可以作为状语,用于修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,常见句型为:She works hard to achieve her goals.解析:动词不定式"to achieve"作状语,修饰动词"works hard",表示“努力工作以达成她的目标”。
语法知识点梳理动词不定式的用法

语法知识点梳理动词不定式的用法动词不定式是英语语法中的一项重要知识点。
它是由动词原形加上"to"构成,常用作名词、形容词或副词的补充。
本文将对动词不定式的用法进行梳理,帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式可以作为句子的主语。
例如:1. To learn a foreign language is beneficial to one's personal development.学习一门外语对个人发展有益。
2. To exercise regularly is important for maintaining good health.定期锻炼对保持健康很重要。
二、动词不定式作宾语1. 表示建议或命令动词不定式常用于表示建议、命令或请求的动词后。
例如:1. He advised me to take a vacation.他建议我去度假。
2. The teacher told the students to be quiet.老师告诉学生们安静。
2. 表示喜好或感知某些动词后面跟动词不定式,用来表示喜好、感知、感觉等。
例如:1. I enjoy playing the piano in my free time.我喜欢在闲暇时弹钢琴。
2. She saw him enter the room quietly.她看到他悄悄地进了房间。
三、动词不定式作宾语补足语某些动词需要与动词不定式连用,形成宾语补足语,用来补充说明或补充宾语的意义。
例如:1. I found it difficult to solve the math problem.我发现解决这个数学问题很困难。
2. He considers her to be the best candidate for the job.他认为她是这份工作的最佳候选人。
四、动词不定式作定语动词不定式可以用作名词的前置定语,用来修饰名词。
最全面英语动词不定式的用法归纳整理总结

动词不定式的归纳总结动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成的,否定形式为“not to+动词原形”构成的,这里的to没有词义,只是为了构成不定式的一种符号,是非谓语动词形式的一种,动词不定式在句中不能独立作谓语,除了不能作谓语以外,其他成分都可以作,因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语。
❶ 动词不定式做主语:这种情况一般要改成it作形式主语的形式,后接不定式,为了避免头重脚轻。
●“It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是…的”中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语,不对人或物的品格进行评价,如difficult, easy, hard, inportant, dangerous, inpossible等。
eg To learn English is very important for me 对我来说学英语很重要。
=It is very important for me to learn English.For you to make more friends is a good plan. 广交朋友是个好办法。
= It's a good plan for you to make more friends.●“It is+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.”意为"做某事对某人来说是…的”。
其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质, 如:kind, good, nice, right, wrong, clever, careless, polite, foolish 等。
eg It was stupid of him to press the emergency button. 他按了紧急按钮,这真愚蠢。
❷ 本单元我们主要学习动词不定式作宾语的用法:现就动词不定式作宾语的用法介绍如下:●谓语动词+动词不定式,此类动词很多,常见的有:want, like, wish, hate, prefer, hope, continue, manage, try, ask, offer(主动提出), start, forget, promise, mean, pretend(假装), intend(打算), begin, attempt(试图), decide, learn, desire (渴望), agree, care, choose, determine(查明), undertake(承担,承诺),expect 等eg Some students hate to study English. 有些学生不喜欢研读英语。
史上最完整动词不定式的用法

4.动词不定式作表语
1.主语和表语都是不定式(其含义ind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.
2 . 主 语 是 以 aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组,或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示,表语用不定 式说明其内容,如:
1. 动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三
人称单数。
To get there by car will take a whole day.
How to get enough money is still a question.
1. 动词不定式作主语
有时候为了保持句子平衡,常用it 作形式主语,放到句首,而将作真 实主语的动词不定式放到句末。
My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. My suggestion is to start work at once.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
注:在某些句型中,当主语部分有动作 动词do 时,作表语的不定式可以省略符 号 “to”,如:
3. We climbed to the top of the tower ___D_____a better view of the area.
A. getting
B. got
C. having got
动词不定式6种用法

动词不定式6种用法
动词不定式6种用法:
1、不定式的一般式:动词不定式一般式即to+动词原形。
所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,不定时一般式与句子主语、宾语或for sb to do sth。
结构中的介词宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
2、不定式的完成式:即to have+过去分词。
动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语或宾语。
3、不定式的进行式:to be+现在分词。
动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
4、不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由not+动词不定式构成。
5、不定式的被动式:当不定时的被动式逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,用不定时的被动形式,即to be done或to have been done。
6、to代替整个不定式:如果句子前面出现过同样的动词,为避免重复,句子后边的不定式应省略动词原形及其后续部分,只保留不定式的符号to。
(完整版)动词不定式用法归纳

动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。
但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。
动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。
1.作主语可以直接作主语。
如: To see is to believe.但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
如:It's wrong to play tricks on other people.It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.(Lesson 10).点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。
2.作宾语a.以下动词只能to do 作宾语。
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange 安排 mean意欲,打算 begin开始 expect期望 appear似乎,显得 determine决定manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿 care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许 start开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找,寻觅 try试图b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。
动词不定式用法大全

动词不定式用法大全动词不定式用法大全英语动词的非谓语形式为三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to 不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一. 作主语例如:To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。
To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。
To say is to believe.眼见为实。
动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。
例如上面的句子可以表示为:It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well. 再如:It’s important to plant trees in spri ng.如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语,称为不定式的复合结构。
例:It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning.对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。
It is important for students to use English every day.对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。
二. 作表语:(在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。
从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。
)动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。
例:His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。
My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。
动词不定式的用法大全

动词不定式的用法大全今日一起学习动词不定式的用法大全?快来一起学习吧。
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动词不定式的用法大全一、动词不定式是什么?简洁来说:to do,非谓语动词形式之一二、位置?须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后如:Is this the best way to help him?三、作用?具出名词,形容词,和副词的作用四、在句中可做的成分?除了不行做谓语外,其他成分都可以充当如:主语,宾语,定语,表语,宾补,状语(目的,结果,缘由)例句:1.To see is tobelieve.眼见为实/百闻不如一见。
(做主语)2. I wish to be sentto work in the country. (做宾语)3. Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired (做定语)4. My work is to clean the room every day. (做表语)5. He went to the hospital to be examined . (做目的状语)6. I don’t think it rightto do it that way. (做宾补)留意:英语中为了避开头重脚轻(说白了就是平衡句子结构的需要),往往to do一般用it作形式主语(It+be+形容词/名词词组+to do sth/ that)如:To help each other is good. =It is good to help each other .这句话的主语是老师标紫色的字体。
五、不定式的用法1.不定式常可用来修饰人也可以修饰物,表示已经将要发生的动作。
如:(1)He was the first guest to arrive. 他是第一个到达的客人。
(2)He was a brave man to do what he did.他是个勇者才有这样的行为。
(完整版)动词不定式用法

动词不定式用法不定式是动词的一种非限定式,它是不受主语的单复数、人称、时态、语态等的限定及影响的一种动词形式。
一、动词不定式的基本结构动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可不带to。
不定式的否定形式是:not to+动词原形。
在句中除不能作谓语外,其他成分都可作。
如:主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
注意:不定式之前的to(又称为小品词)与介词to的功能不同。
介词to之后要接名词或代词的宾格,或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语;而不定式符号to的后面需要跟动词原形。
speak to him (to 是介词) 对他讲话to speak English (to 是不定式的小品词) 讲英语二、动词不定式的用法不定式在句中有各种作用,一般可归类为三种基本用法:作名词,作形容词,作副词。
(一) 不定式作名词的用法不定式起名词作用,在句子中担当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。
⒈作主语名词用法的不定式和名词一样,可担任句子的主语。
To grow more trees here is very important.(=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。
To hear your voice is so nice.(=It is so nice to hear your voice.) 听到你的声音真高兴。
To speak English well is not easy for me.(=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易。
To walk to school takes me twenty minutes.(=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.) 步行到学校我要花20分钟。
的句型中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式;使用这种注意:在It is… to…”结构,可以避免句子的头重脚轻。
动词不定式的用法及归纳

动词不定式的用法及归纳英语动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,由"to"加上动词原形构成。
它可以用作动词、名词或形容词的补语,具有多种用法和功能。
下面是对英语动词不定式用法的归纳:1. 作为动词的补语:a. 表示目的:例如,“I study hard to pass the exam.”(我努力学习以通过考试。
)b. 表示结果:例如,“He worked hard to win the game.”(他努力工作以赢得比赛。
)c. 表示原因:例如,“I went to the store to buy some groceries.”(我去商店买一些食品杂货。
)2. 作为名词的补语:a. 作主语:例如,“To travel is my dream.”(旅行是我的梦想。
)b. 作宾语:例如,“She likes to dance.”(她喜欢跳舞。
)3. 作为形容词的补语:a. 表示目的或结果:例如,“This is a book to read for pleasure.”(这是一本供娱乐阅读的书。
)b. 表示能力或目标:例如,“He is a person to trust.”(他是一个值得信任的人。
)4. 不定式的时态与语态变化:a. 时态变化:不定式不具有时态,但可以通过上下文来暗示时间关系。
b. 语态变化:不定式可以通过添加"be"动词的相应形式来表示被动语态。
例如,“He wants to be invited to the party.”(他希望被邀请参加派对。
)总之,不定式在句子中扮演着多种角色,并且具有多种用法和功能,具体使用取决于上下文和意图。
动词不定式的基本用法归纳

He is looking for a room to live in.
He is said the best way to travel by is on foot.
6.作状语
不定式作状语时,可表示目的,原因,结果或条件. 如; I’m very glad to hear the news. 原因 不定式作目的状语时,常可与to, to order to, so as to
1、不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系.如 名词为不定式的逻辑主语,构成主谓关系; 若名词 为逻辑宾语,则构成动宾关系;
He is not a man to tell lies.
There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth 2、作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系, 不定式动词又是不及物动词时,应在该动词上加上一 个介词,如;
I saw him play in the park.
→He was seen to play in the park.
The boss made those men work day and night.
→Those men were made to work day and night.
5.定语
All I want to do now What I want to do now is fill my stomach.
4.作宾语补足语
注意在感官动词see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等和使役动词let, have, make 后的 补足语中,不定式不带to.但这类句子变成被动语 态时,必须带to.
动词不定式用法讲解

动词不定式的用法解说一、动词不定式:组成:to+ 动词原形(to不过不定式符号,没存心义)动词不定式作主语较长时,常用it 作形式主语,而将真实的主语放在句末。
+is/was+ 形容词+(forsb.)+ 动词不定式TolearnEnglishwell isuseful.=It ’suseful tolearnEnglishwell. 学好英语是实用的。
Toprotectenvironment isimportantforus.=It’simportant forus toprotectenvironment. 关于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。
2.Itis/was+kind/good/nice/clever+ofsb.+ 动词不定式It’sverykindofyou tohelpme. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
It’sverycleverofyou todolikethat . 你那样做真的太聪慧啦。
3.It takes(took,will take)sb.sometimetodosomething.(做某事花销某人时间 )isagoodideatodosth.作宾语常有的跟不定式作宾语的动词有:wanttodosth.decidetodosth.hopetodosth.plantodosth.offertodosth.agreetodosth.learntodosth trytodosth prefertodosthpromise todosth.needto dosth.expect todosth.2.主语+find/think+it+形容词+(forsb.)+todoIfindi teasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我发现每日读英语和简单的。
Hefelt ithardtosleep.他感觉很难入眠。
Ithinkitveryint erestingtolearnEnglish.我以为学英语很风趣。
动词不定式6种用法总结

动词不定式6种用法总结动词不定式(infinitive)有以下六种基本用法:1. 作为动词的宾语:动词不定式可以作为另一个动词的宾语,例如:- I want to learn Chinese.(我想学中文。
)- She loves to dance.(她喜欢跳舞。
)2. 作为主语:动词不定式可以作为句子的主语,通常用于表达一般的动作、状态、观点等,例如:- To travel is my dream.(旅行是我的梦想。
)- To wait is boring.(等待很无聊。
)3. 作为表语:动词不定式可以作为动词 "be" 的表语,常用于表达目的、原因、结果等,例如:- The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the new project.(这次会议的目的是讨论新项目。
)- Her suggestion is to study harder.(她的建议是更加努力学习。
)4. 作为定语:动词不定式可以修饰名词或代词,通常用来表示目的、结果、用途等,例如:- The best way to learn a language is to practice speaking.(学习一门语言的最佳方法是练习口语。
)- He needs a pen to write with.(他需要一支可以写字的笔。
)5. 作为状语:动词不定式可以作为句子的状语,表示目的、结果、方式、条件等,常常与动词 "to be" 连用,例如:- She went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.(她去超市买些食品杂货。
)- He ran fast to catch the bus.(他跑得很快,以便赶上公交车。
)6. 作为补语:动词不定式可以作为某些动词的宾语补足语,常用于表示目的、愿望、需求等,例如:- They made her promise to come back.(他们让她答应会回来。
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非谓语动词一、分类:动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词 (现在分词,过去分词) 。
这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用,因而没有语法主语,但可以有逻辑主语。
由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定。
因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。
由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用,所以叫做非谓语动词。
(一)动词不定式定义:是一种非谓语动词形式,在句中不能单独作谓语。
形式:由“to+动词原形”构成。
否定形式为:“not+to+动词原形”功能:(1)动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语。
(2)动词不定式还有动词的特征,它又可以带有自己的宾语和状语。
这种带宾语或状语的不定式结构称为“不定式短语”。
♣由于动词不定式具有动词的特征,所以它像动词一样也有时态和语态的变化。
不定式的时态和语态:(1)时态:动词不定式有三种时态形式:一般式、进行时和完成式。
(2)语态:动词不定式有主动语态和被动语态。
请观察:(1) I need a pen to write with.(2) we agreed to meet at the school gate.(3) The boy pretended to be reading when his mother came into the room.(4) You were foolish not to have locked your bike.(5)She said she was sorry to have broken the glass.总结:(1)不定式的一般式通常表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之后或几乎同时发生。
(2)不定式的进行式表示谓语动词的动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行。
(3)不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作先于谓语动作。
不定式的句法功能:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:(1)作主语:To help each other is good.(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:It is good to help each other.(2)作表语:Her wish is to become a teacher. (3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语,如:She wishes to be a musician.②作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等.如:I am determined to give up smoking.;③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语.如:Can you give us some advice on what to do next?(4)作宾语补足语,如:Tell the children not to play on the street.注意:如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,但变成被动语态时,必须加上to.如:I saw a little girl run across the street.The boss made the workers work day and night.The workers were made to work day and night.(5)作定语:动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后。
如:I have something to say.若不定式是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:He has no room to live in.如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去。
如:The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.不定式可用在the first ,the second ,the last,the only 和最高级等后面作定语。
She is the first to come and the last to leave classroom.(6)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:①目的状语:Every morning he gets up very early to read English.To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it.②结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。
可用作结果状语的短语有:such....as to ,so....as to ,enough to,too...to,only to等。
E.g. I want to see him only to find him out.He was so angry as to be unable to speak.③原因状语:I am glad to see you.动词不定式的复合结构:由for + 名词(或代词宾格)+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。
其中for本身无意义。
for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语。
It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest.当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等,如:It is very kind of you to help him every day.动词不定式的被动语态用法:如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般就用被动语态形式,如:What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.疑问词+ 动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:E.g. How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.The problem is how to persuade him to change his mind.主动形式被动形式一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done to have been done 完成进行式to have been doing1. At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but _____ their guns.A. to lay downB. lie downC. laying downD. lay down2. _____ is easier than to do .A . SayingB . To sayC . SaidD . To having said3. He found it important _____ the situation all over the world.A. studyB. to studyC. studiesD. to be studied4.____late in the morning ,Bob turned off the alarm.A To sleepB SleepingC SleepD Having slept6. The boy refused ______ for climbing the tall tree.A. to payB. to be paidC. being paidD. paying7. I happened _____ the article when he asked me about it.A, having read B. to have read C. to be read D. reading8. Talking about the future career, I’d prefer ____ a teacher ____ be a secretary.A. being, toB. to be, toC. to be, rather thanD. being, more than9. The young man persuaded his father _____ smokingA. to give upB. giving upC. being given upD. give up10. They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.A. to risk goingB. risking to goC. for risk to goD. risk going11. Believe it or not, he was seen______upstairs just now.A.to goB.to goingC.having goneD.go12. Paul doesn’t have to be made ___ . He always works hard .A .learnB .to learnC .learnedD .learning13. The library needs ______,but it’ll have to wait until Sunday.A. to cleanB. to be cleanedC. cleanD. being cleaned14.He made a long speech _____ his ignorance (无知) of the subject.A.only to show B.only showing C.showing D.enough to show15.I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ______in my new job.A expectedB to expectC to be expectingD expects16. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself____A.hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard17. ____ a reply, he decided to write again. (MET92 39)A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received18. --I must apologize for ____ ahead of time. --That’s all right.A. letting you not knowB. not letting you knowC. letting you know notD. letting not you know19. Rather than ___ on a crowded bus, he always prefers____a bicycle.(NMET94 22)A. ride; rideB. riding; rideC. ride; to rideD. to ride; riding20. The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river.(NMET94 25)A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play21. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written22. ---You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting.---Well, now I regret ____ that. (NMET95 26)A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done23. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him__ (NMET95 35)A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not to24.---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---____ her new bicycle.A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing25. She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake. (97 上海12)A. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleanedD. being cleaned26. She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden. (95 上海20)A. visitB. paying a visitC. walk inD. walking in27.While shopping, people sometime can’t help ____ into buying something they don’t really need.A. to pursueB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded28. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make29. A computer does only what people _____. (99上海19)A. have it doB. have it doneC. have done itD. having it done30. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_________ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbedB. to have been robbedC. being robbedD. having been robbed31. The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take placeB. to be taken placeC. to have taken placeD. being taken place32. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having33. I remember _______him _______the bike needed __________.A. hearing, saying, to repairB. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repairingD. to hear, saying, to be repaired34. Robert is said to __________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying35. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _________ matters worse, it began to rain.A. madeB. having madeC. makingD. to make36. With a lot of difficult problems _________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled37. Much attention should be paid ____________ people’s living conditions.A. in improvingB. to improveC. improvingD. to improving38. With the plane _________ in ten minutes, all the passengers on board were asked to turn off their mobile phones.A. taken offB. taking offC. to take offD. would take off39. Every minute is made full ______ of ______ our lessons well.A. to use; studyingB. use; studyingC. use; to studyD. used; studying40.--- Will you have anybody _________ the flowers?---- Yes, I’ll have the flowers _________.A. plant, plantedB. to plant, plantedC. plant; to be plantedD. to plant , plant。