Excerpt from Major Articles
职称英语电子版教材
目录1. President Hu Urges Efforts to Ensure Global Energy Security.（胡锦涛主席敦促国际社会协同努力保障全球能源安全.）2. How to Learn with Success.（如何学有成效.）...3. W e Need Friends .（我们需要朋友.）...4. Hard W ork Is Good for Health.（努力工作有利于健康.）...5. Sports and Games.（体育运动.）...6. How Americans View Love.（美国人的爱情观.）...7. Our Family Creed.（家族的信条.）...8. America's Luckiest Stamp Find.（美国最幸运的邮票的发现.）...9. That "Other W oman" in My Life. （我生命中的“另一个女人”）.10.The First Jet.（第一架喷气机）...11.A Handful of History.（扑克—手中的历史.）...12. An Epoch-making Toast.（划时代的祝酒词.）...13. The Delight of Books.（书之乐趣）.14.The Moon-Riddle from the Past.（月球—来自远古之谜）.15.How Animals Hear.（动物如何听到声音）...16.A W orld without Oil.（假如世界没有石油）... 17. If Lincoln Had Used a Computer.（如果林肯使用过计算机……）...18. How Americans Eat and Drink（美国人的饮食）.19. Smoking and Cancer. （吸烟和癌.）...20. Eyeing Earth: From Cloud Top toSeabed. （纵览地球—从云端到海底）...21.The art of public Speaking.（公共演讲的艺术）...22. The Province of Alberta. （阿尔伯达省）...23. The Strenuous Life.（勤奋的生活）...24. When The Earth Quakes.（地震时刻）...25.Tropical Fish.（热带鱼）...26. Hints to Improve Spoken English（提高英语口语须知）...27. Money, Real and Counterfeit.（真币和伪币）...28. The Energy Crisis of 1973 andNixon's Energy Policies. （1973年能源危机与尼克松总统的应对政策）29. Department of Energy Established.（建立能源部）...30. Becoming a Child of Nature: It's aTwofold Task of Parents and Children.（做大自然的孩子——父母与孩子双方的任务）...31.A New Definition of Marketing.（关于营销的新定义）...32. The Great W all of China. （中国的长城.）...33.The Magic of Energy.（能的魔力）...34.Super Athlete of the Sangamon.（超级运动员）...35.Y ou Bet Y our Life.（以命相赌）...36.Oil.（油）...37. How to Avoid Foolish Opinions .（如何避免愚蠢的见解）...38.Tips on Tipping.（给小费的学问）...39. Geography of USA.（美国地理概况）...40.Petroleum Geology and OtherSciences.（石油地质学与其它科学）...41. How I Lost Four Ounces in ThreeW eeks （我怎样在三周里减了四盎司体重）...42.The V ersatile Lead Pencil.（万能的铅笔）...43.Becoming W ealthy: It's Up to Y ou .（致富取决于你自己）...44.An Introduction to Distillation .（蒸馏概述）...45.Sales Promotion .（产品促销）...46. Why To Mark a Book.（怎样在书上做标记）...47.The natural time sense.（天赋的时间感）...48. Earth's Last Frontier: The Sea. （海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域）...49. Playing the Oil Card. （打石油牌）...50. The Earth's Learning Curve（人类的学习曲线）...51. Einstein's Inspiring Heir.（爱因斯坦的激励人心的继承人）...52. China's Roadmap（中国绘制经济路线图）...53. Britain Accelerates toward CleanerFuture—with Wheat.（依托小麦—英国加速迈向绿色未来.）...54.An Introduction to Petrochemicals .（石油化工产品概述）...55. Why Antarctica Is Being Explored.（为什么要勘探南极洲）...56. I've Thumbed My Last Ride.（我的最后一次蹭车）...57. Listening Faults （聆听的误区）...58. Three Days to See （假如给我三天光明）...59. Inventions and Inventors.（发明和发明者）...60. Excerpt from President Hu Jintao'sY ale Speech .（胡锦涛主席耶鲁大学演讲节选）...1.President Hu Urges Efforts toEnsure Global Energy Security.（胡锦涛主席敦促国际社会协同努力保障全球能源安全.）1. The international community1should take joint efforts to ensure global energy security, Chinese President Hu Jintao said in St. Petersburg, Russia on July 17.中国国家主席胡锦涛七月十七日在俄罗斯圣彼得堡发表讲话说，国际社会应该共同努力，保障全球能源安全。
高中英语Unit1SectionⅢExtendedreadingProjec学案牛津译林版必修第二册
Section ⅢExtended reading, Project, Assessment & FurtherstudyⅠ.核心词汇1．____________ prep. 即便，尽管2．____________ n. 事件；活动3．____________ vi. & vt. 挥手，招手；挥舞n. 海浪；大量涌现4．____________ vt. & vi. 记起，回忆起5．____________ vt. & vi. 回想，回忆起6．____________ n. 天使；善人7．____________ adj. 非常好的，极佳的8．____________ adj. 不直的，弯曲的9．____________ n. 箭；箭头10．____________ n. 豌豆Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．________ n．性格，人性；气质→________ n．人，个人→________ adj.个人的，私人的2．________ adj.主要的，重要的→________ n．大多数，大部分Ⅲ.重点短语1．____________ 过着……的生活2．____________ 停车，停止3．____________ 竭尽全力4．____________ 向下看5．____________ 一起来6．____________ 搭便车7．____________ 从……抬头看8．____________ 在……旁边9．____________ 穿着10．____________ 与某人握手Ⅳ.重点句型但是，我清楚地记得我第一次听到全世界最甜美的声音时的情景。
But, I ________________ the first time I heard the sweetest voice in the wide world.根据课文内容选择正确答案1．How did Forrest Gump go to school?A．By subway. B．By school bus.C．On foot. D．In his mother's car.2．Where did Gump sit at last?A．Next to Jenny.B．Between two boys.C．Behind the bus driver.D．On a large seat of his own.3．Why did Gump have strange shoes?A．His back was very crooked.B．He was trained to be an athlete.C．He wanted to attract more attention.D．The shoes could help him run quickly.4．What do you think of Jenny?A．Curious and selfish.B．Clever but different.C．Humorous but selfish.D．Frank and warm-hearted.Forrest Gump (Excerpt)Forrest Gump is a 1994 film starring Tom Hanks[1]. It tells the story of Forrest Gump, a simple man with a warm personality[2]. Despite an IQ of 75, he lives a truly amazing life. He sees, and sometimes influences, some of the major events of the United States in the second half of the 20th century.[1]starring Tom Hanks是现在分词短语作定语。
英语经典
01.Life is a chess-boardThe chess-board is the world:the pieces are the phenomena of the universe;the rules of the game are what we call the laws of nature.The player on the other side is hidden from us.We know that his play is always fair,just and patient.But also we know,to our cost,that he never overlooks a mistake,or makes the smallest allowance forignorance. 棋盘宛如世界：一个个棋子仿佛世间的种种现象：游戏规则就是我们所称的自然法则。
竞争对手藏于暗处，不为我们所见。
我们知晓，这位对手向来处事公平，正义凛然，极富耐心。
然而，我们也明白，这位对手从不忽视任何错误，或者因为我们的无知而做出一丝让步，所以我们也必须为此付出代价。
02.Best of timesIt was the best of times,it was the worst of times;it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness;it was the epoch of belief,it was the epoch of incredulity;it was the season of light,it was the season of darkness;it was the spring of hope,it was the winter of despair;we had everything before us,we had nothing before us;we were all going direct to Heaven,we were all going directthe other way.Excerpt from A Tale of Two Cities by Charl-es Dickens.这是一个最好的时代，也是一个最坏的时代；这是明智的年代，这是愚昧的年代；这是信任的纪元，这是怀疑的纪元；这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节；这是希望的春日，这是失望的冬日；我们面前应有尽有，我们面前一无所有；我们都将直下地狱……03.Equality and GreatnessBetween persons of equal income there is no social distin-ction except the distinction of merit.Money is nothing; character,conduct and capacity are everything.Insteadof all the workers being leveled down to low wage standar-ds and all the rich leveled up to fashionbale income stan-dards,everybody under a system of equal incomes would fi-nd his or her own natural level.There would be great peop-le and ordinary people and little peolpe,but the great would always be those who had done great things,and never the idiot whose mother had spoiled them and whose father had left a hunred thousand a year;and the little would be persons of small minds and mean chara-cters,and not poor persons who had never had a chance.That is why idiots are always in favour of inequality of income(their only chan-ce of eminence),and the really great in favour of equality.收入相当的人除了品性迥异以外没有社会差别。
LifeontheMississippi
Mark T wain (1835-‐1910)(Life o n t he M ississippi a nd “The N otorious J umping F rog o f C alaveras C ounty”)p. 574:Although M ark T wain i s w idely r egarded a s o ne o f t he g reatest A merican w riters, the w orld-‐renowned a uthor o nce i ndicated t hat h e w ould h ave p referred t o s pend h is l ife a s a M ississippi r iverboat p ilot. T he c omment w as p robably n ot e ntirely s erious, b ut T wain s o loved l ife o n t he r iver t hat a s a y oung m an, h e d id i n f act w ork a s a r iverboat p ilot f or several y ears. H is c hildhood o n t he b anks o f t he M ississippi f ostered m ore t han a l ove o f riverboats—it a lso b ecame t he b asis f or m any o f h is m ost f amous w orks, i ncluding T he Adventures o f T om S awyer (1876) a nd T he A dventures o f H uckleberry F inn (1884).Life o n t he R iver T wain, w hose g iven n ame w as S amuel L anghorne C lemens, f elt s o closely t ied t o t he M ississippi R iver t hat h e e ven t ook h is p en n ame, M ark T wain, f rom a river m an’s c all m eaning “two f athoms* d eep,” i ndicating t hat t he r iver i s d eep e nough f or a boat t o p ass s afely. H e g rew u p i n t he M ississippi R iver t own o f H annibal, M issouri. H is father d ied w hen h e w as e leven, a nd h e l eft s chool t o b ecome a p rinter’s a pprentice. H e worked a s a p rinter i n a n umber o f d ifferent c ities b efore d eciding a t a ge t wenty-‐one t o pursue a c areer a s a r iverboat p ilot. (*vocab a lert!)A T raveling M an W hen t he C ivil W ar c losed t raffic o n t he M ississippi, T wain w ent west t o N evada. T here, h e s upported h imself a s a j ournalist a nd l ecturer, d eveloping t he entertaining w riting s tyle t hat m ade h im f amous. I n 1865, T wain p ublished “The N otorious Jumping F rog o f C alaveras C ounty,” h is v ersion a t all t ale h e h ad h eard i n a m ining c amp i n California w hile h e w as w orking a s a g old p rospector. T he s tory m ade h im a n i nternational celebrity.Following t he p ublication o f T he I nnocents A broad (1869), a s uccessful b ook o f humorous t ravel l etters, T wain m oved t o H artford, C onnecticut, w here h e w as t o m ake h is home f or t he r est o f h is l ife. T here, T wain b egan u sing h is p ast e xperiences a s r aw m aterial for h is b ooks. H e d rew o n h is t ravels i n t he w estern m ining r egion f or R oughing I t (1872). He t urned t o h is c hildhood e xperiences o n t he M ississippi f or T he A dventures o f T ome Sawyer, L ife o n t he M ississippi, a nd h is m asterpiece, T he A dventures o f H uckleberry F inn.A R estless S oul T wain t raveled w idely t hroughout h is l ife, i ncluding r esidential stints i n m ajor A merican c ities a s S t. L ouis, N ew Y ork, P hiladelphia, C incinnati, a nd S an Francisco. H e m ade e xtended v isits t o E ngland, G ermany, S witzerland, I taly, a nd P alestine. His a dventures, b oth a t h ome a nd a broad, w ere f uel f or a n umber o f b ooks. A fter l iving i n Europe f or s everal y ears, h e r eturned h ome w ith h is f amily. F ollowing t he d eath o f h is w ife and t hree o f t heir f our c hildren, T wain w as u nable t o r eproduce t he b alance b etween pessimism a nd h umor t hat h e h ad c aptured s o b rilliantly i n H uckleberry F inn. I n h is l ater works, s uch a s A C onnecticut i n K ing A rthur’s C ourt (1899), P udd’nhead W ilson (1894), a nd The M an T hat C orrupted H adleyburg (1900), T wain’s w riting d epicted a n i ncreasingly pessimistic v iew o f s ociety a nd h uman n ature. H owever, h e c ontinued t o d isplay t he s ame masterful c ommand o f l anguage t hat h ad a lready e stablished h im a s o ne o f A merica’s f inest fiction w riters.p. 575:Connecting t o t he L iteratureToday’s w orld i s b eing t ransformed t hrough a lmost d aily a dvances i n t echnology. During T wain’s d ay, A merica w as a lso c hanging q uickly a s n ew f orms o f t ransportation helped s ettlers v enture a cross t he e xpanding f rontier.Literary A nalysis (*Don’t s kip t his!!*)HumorHumor i s w riting i ntended t o e voke l aughter. H umorists u se a v ariety o f techniques t o m ake t heir w ork a musing. M any w estern h umorists o f t he 1800s p erfected these c omic t echniques:•Exaggerating a nd e mbellishing i ncidents t o b uild c omedy•Using a n arrator o r s toryteller w ho t akes a s erious t one, a dding h umor b y suggesting t hat t he t eller o f t he t ale i s u naware o f i ts r idiculous q ualitiesAs y ou r ead, t ake n ote o f t he d etails i n t hese s elections [Life o n t he M ississippi a nd “The N otorious J umping F rog o f C alaveras C ounty,” w hich i s d ue n ext w eek] t hat m ake t he stories h umorous.Comparing L iterary W orksAs t hese t wo s elections d emonstrate, T wain c ould f ind h umor i n a ny s ubject. However, i nstead o f a lways w riting j ust t o g et a l augh, h e u sed h umor f or a v ariety o f purposes. O ne o f t hese p ieces i s s et i n a C alifornia g old r ush t own, a nd t he s tory i s deliberately f unny. I n t he o ther, s et o n t he M ississippi R iver, h umor i s s econdary t o t he writer’s g oal o f d escribing a p lace a nd a w ay o f l ife. A s y ou r ead, d etermine w hether t he ideas e ach s election c onveys a re s erious o r n ot. T hen c onsider t he w ays i n w hich h umor provides a v ehicle f or t hese i deas.Understanding R egional D ialectMuch o f t he h umor i n T wain’s w riting c omes f rom h is c olorful u ses o f l anguage. Twain w as a m aster a t r e-‐creating r egional d ialect – l anguage s pecific t o a p articular a rea of t he c ountry. I f y ou r ead u nfamiliar w ords a loud, y ou w ill f ind t hat t hey a re r egional pronunciations o f w ords y ou a lready k now.excerpt f rom L ife o n t he M ississippiby M ark T wain(textbook p ages 577-‐580)p. 577:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Background M ark T wain w as a n e yewitness t o t he n ineteenth-‐century e xpansion o f t he western f rontier. H e w as a y oung m an w hen w agon t rains l eft h is h ome s tate o f M issouri t o cross t he p rairies, a nd h e l ater s aw t he t ranscontinental r ailroad b uilt. H e t raveled t hroughout the g rowing n ation, w orking f irst o n t he M ississippi a nd t hen i n t he W est, b efore s ettling i n Connecticut. T he r ich v ariety o f p eople a nd p laces h e o bserved i s r eflected i n t he s etting, characters, a nd d ialogue o f h is u niquely A merican l iterature.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“The B oys’ A mbition” (from L ife o n t he M ississippi)When I w as a b oy, t here w as b ut o ne p ermanent a mbition a mong m y comrades i n o ur v illage1 o n t he w est b ank o f t he M ississippi R iver. T hat w as, t o b e a steamboatman. W e h ad t ransient a mbitions o f o ther s orts, b ut t hey w ere o nly transient._____________________________________________1. o ur v illage H annibal, M issouritransient a dj. n ot p ermanentWhen a c ircus c ame a nd w ent, i t l eft u s a ll b urning t o b ecome c lowns; t he first N egro m instrel s how t hat c ame t o o ur s ection l eft u s a ll s uffering t o t ry t hat kind o f l ife; n ow a nd t hen w e h ad a h ope t hat i f w e l ived a nd w ere g ood, G od w ould permit u s t o b e p irates. T hese a mbitions f aded o ut, e ach i n i ts t urn; b ut t he a mbition to b e a s teamboatman a lways r emained.Once a d ay, a c heap, g audy p acket2 a rrived u pward f rom S t. L ouis, a nd another d ownward f rom K eokuk3. B efore t hese e vents, t he d ay w as g lorious w ith expectancy; a fter t hem, t he d ay w as a d ead a nd e mpty t hing. N ot o nly t he b oys, b ut the w hole v illage, f elt t his. A fter a ll t hese y ears I c an p icture t hat o ld t ime t o m yself now, j ust a s i t w as t hen: t he w hite t own d rowsing i n t he s unshine o f a s ummer’s morning; t he s treets e mpty, o r p retty n early s o; o ne o r t wo c lerks s itting i n f ront o f the W ater S treet s tores, w ith t heir s plint-‐bottomed c hairs t ilted b ack a gainst t he wall, c hins o n b reasts, h ats s louched o ver t heir f aces, a sleep—with s hingle s havings enough a round t o s how w hat b roke t hem d own; a s ow a nd a l itter o f p igs l oafing along t wo o r t hree l onely l ittle f reight p iles s cattered a bout t he l evee; 4 a p ile o f skids5 o n t he s lope o f t he s tone-‐paved w harf, a nd t he f ragrant t own d runkard a sleep in t he s hadow o f t hem; t wo o r t hree w ood f lats6 a t t he h ead o f t he w harf, b ut n obody to l isten t o t he p eaceful l apping o f t he w avelets a gainst t hem; t he g reat M ississippi, the m ajestic, t he m agnificent M ississippi, r olling i ts m ile-‐wide t ide a long, s hining i n [p. 578] t he s un; t he d ense f orest a way o n t he o ther s ide; t he p oint a bove t he t own, and t he p oint b elow, b ounding t he r iver-‐glimpse a nd t urning i t i nto a s ort o f s ea, a nd withal a v ery s till a nd b rilliant a nd l onely o ne. P resently a f ilm o f d ark s moke appears a bove o ne o f t hose r emote p oints; i nstantly a N egro d rayman, 7 f amous f or his q uick e ye a nd p rodigious v oice, l ifts u p t he c ry, “S-‐t-‐e-‐a-‐m-‐boat a-‐comin’!” a nd the s cene c hanges! T he t own d runkard s tirs, t he c lerks w ake u p, a f urious c latter o f drays f ollows, e very h ouse a nd s tore p ours o ut a h uman c ontribution, a nd a ll i n a twinkling t he d ead t own i s a live a nd m oving. D rays, c arts, m en, b oys, a ll g o h urrying from m any q uarters t o a c ommon c enter, t he w harf. A ssembled t here, t he p eople fasten t heir e yes u pon t he c oming b oat a s u pon a w onder t hey a re s eeing f or t he first t ime. A nd t he b oat i s r ather a h andsome s ight, t oo. S he i s l ong a nd s harp a nd trim a nd p retty; s he h as t wo t all, f ancy-‐topped c himneys, w ith a g ilded d evice o f some k ind s wung b etween t hem; a f anciful p ilothouse, a ll g lass a nd g ingerbread, perched o n t op o f t he t exas d eck8 b ehind t hem; t he p addleboxes a re g orgeous w ith a picture o r w ith g ilded r ays a bove t he b oat’s n ame; t he b oiler d eck, t he h urricane deck, a nd t he t exas d eck a re f enced a nd o rnamented w ith c lean w hite r ailings; t here is a f lag g allantly f lying f rom t he j ackstaff; 9 t he f urnace d oors a re o pen a nd f ires glaring b ravely; t he u pper d ecks a re b lack w ith p assengers; t he c aptain s tands b y the b ig b ell, c alm, i mposing, t he e nvy o f a ll; g reat v olumes o f t he b lackest s moke a re the r olling a nd t umbling o ut o f t he c himneys—a h usbanded g randeur c reated w ith a ____________________________________________________________________2. p acket n. b oat t hat t ravels a r egular r oute, c arrying p assengers, f reight, a nd m ail3. K eokuk t own i n s outheastern I owa4. l evee n. l anding p lace a long t he b ank o f a r iver5. s kids n. l ow, m ovable w ooden p latforms6. f lats n. s mall, f lat-‐bottomed b oats7. d rayman n. d river o f a d ray, a l ow c art w ith d etachable s idesprodigious a dj. o f g reat p ower o r s ize8. t exas d eck d eck a djoining t he o fficers’ c abins, t he l argest c abins o n t he s hip9. j ackstaff n. s mall s taff a t t he b ow o f a s hip f or f lying f lagsbit o f p itch p ine j ust b efore a rriving a t a t own; t he c rew a re g rouped o n t he forecastle; 10 t he b road s tage i s r un f ar o ut o ver t he p ort b ow, a nd a n e nvied deckhand s tands p icturesquely o n t he e nd o f i t w ith a c oil o f r ope i n h is h and; t he pent s team i s s creaming t hrough t he g auge c ocks; t he c aptain l ifts h is h and, a b ell rings, t he w heels s top; t hen t hey t urn b ack, c hurning t he w ater t o f oam, a nd t he steamer i s a t r est. T hen s uch a s cramble a s t here i s t o g et a board, a nd t o g et a shore, and t o t ake i n f reight a nd t o d ischarge f reight, a ll a t o ne a nd t he s ame t ime; a nd s uch a y elling a nd c ursing a s t he m ates f acilitate i t a ll w ith! T en m inutes l ater t he s teamer is u nder w ay a gain, w ith n o f lag o n t he j ackstaff a nd n o b lack s moke i ssuing f rom t he chimneys. A fter t en m ore m inutes t he t own i s d ead a gain, a nd t he t own d runkard asleep b y t he s kids o nce m ore.[p. 579] M y f ather w as a j ustice o f t he p eace, a nd I s upposed h e p ossessed t he power o f l ife a nd d eath o ver a ll m en a nd c ould h ang a nybody t hat o ffended h im. This w as d istinction e nough f or m e a s a g eneral t hing; b ut t he d esire t o b e a steamboatman k ept i ntruding, n evertheless. I f irst w anted t o b e a c abin b oy, s o t hat I c ould c ome o ut w ith a w hite a pron o n a nd s hake a t ablecloth o ver t he s ide, w here all m y o ld c omrades c ould s ee m e; l ater I t hought I w ould r ather b e t he d eckhand who s tood o n t he e nd o f t he s tage p lank w ith t he c oil o f r ope i n h is h and, b ecause h e was p articularly c onspicuous. B ut t hese w ere o nly d aydreams—they w ere t oo heavenly t o b e c ontemplated a s r eal p ossibilities. B y a nd b y o ne o f o ur b oys w ent away. H e w as n ot h eard o f f or a l ong t ime. A t l ast h e t urned u p a s a pprentice engineer o r s triker o n a s teamboat. T his t hing s hook t he b ottom o ut o f a ll m y Sunday s chool t eachings. T hat b oy h ad b een n otoriously w orldly, a nd I j ust t he reverse; y et h e w as e xalted t o t his e minence, a nd I l eft i n o bscurity a nd m isery. There w as n othing g enerous a bout t his f ellow i n h is g reatness. H e w ould a lways manage t o h ave a r usty b olt t o s crub w hile h is b oat t arried a t o ur t own, a nd h e would s it o n t he i nside g uard a nd s crub i t, w here w e c ould a ll s ee h im a nd e nvy h im and l oathe h im. A nd w henever h is b oat w as l aid u p h e w ould c ome h ome a nd s well around t he t own i n h is b lackest a nd g reasiest c lothes, s o t hat n obody c ould h elp remembering t hat h e w as a s teamboatman; a nd h e u sed a ll s orts o f s teamboat technicalities i n h is t alk, a s i f h e w ere s o u sed t o t hem t hat h e f orgot c ommon p eople could n ot u nderstand t hem. H e w ould s peak o f t he l abboard11 s ide o f a h orse i n a n easy, n atural w ay t hat w ould m ake o ne w ish h e w as d ead. A nd h e w as a lways talking a bout “St. L ooey” l ike a n o ld c itizen; h e w ould r efer c asually t o o ccasions when h e “was c oming d own F ourth S treet,” o r w hen h e w as “passing b y t he Planter’s H ouse,” o r w hen t here w as a f ire a nd h e t ook a t urn o n t he b rakes o f “the old B ig M issouri”; a nd t hen h e w ould g o o n a nd l ie a bout h ow m any t owns t he s ize of o urs w ere b urned d own t here t hat d ay. T wo o r t hree o f t he b oys h ad l ong b een persons o f c onsideration a mong u s b ecause t hey h ad b een t o S t. L ouis o nce a nd h ad a v ague g eneral k nowledge o f i ts w onders, b ut t he d ay o f t heir g lory w as o ver n ow. They l apsed i nto a h umble s ilence, a nd l earned t o d isappear w hen t he r uthless c ub engineer a pproached. T his f ellow h ad m oney, t oo, a nd h air o il. A lso a n i gnorant____________________________________________________________________10. f orecastle n. f ront p art o f t he u pper d eckeminence n. g reatness; c elebrity (related t o “eminent” – f rosh v ocab)11. l abboard l arboard, t he l eft-‐hand s ide o f a s hipsilver w atch a nd a s howy b rass w atch c hain. H e w ore a l eather b elt a nd u sed n o suspenders. I f e ver a y outh w as c ordially a dmired a nd h ated b y h is c omrades, t his one w as. N o g irl c ould w ithstand h is c harms. H e c ut o ut e very b oy i n t he v illage. When h is b oat b lew u p a t l ast, i t d iffused a t ranquil c ontentment a mong u s s uch a s we h ad n ot k nown f or m onths. B ut w hen h e c ame h ome t he n ext w eek, a live, renowned, a nd a ppeared i n c hurch a ll b attered u p a nd b andaged, a s hining h ero, stared a t a nd w ondered o ver b y e verybody, i t s eemed t o u s t hat t he p artiality o f Providence f or a n u ndeserving r eptile h ad r eached a p oint w here i t w as o pen t o criticism.[p. 580] T his c reature’s c areer c ould p roduce b ut o ne r esult, a nd i t s peedily followed. B oy a fter b oy m anaged t o g et o n t he r iver. T he m inister’s s on b ecame a n engineer. T he d octor’s a nd p ostmaster’s s ons b ecame m ud c lerks; t he w holesale liquor d ealer’s s on b ecame a b arkeeper o n a b oat; f our s ons o f t he c hief m erchant, and t wo s ons o f t he c ounty j udge, b ecame p ilots. P ilot w as t he g randest p osition o f all. T he p ilot, e ven i n t hose d ays o f t rivial w ages, h ad a p rincely s alary—from a hundred a nd f ifty t o t wo h undred a nd f ifty d ollars a m onth, a nd n o b oard t o p ay. Two m onths o f h is w ages w ould p ay a p reacher’s s alary f or a y ear. N ow s ome o f u s were l eft d isconsolate. W e c ould n ot g et o n t he r iver—at l east o ur p arents w ould n ot let u s.So b y a nd b y I r an a way. I s aid I n ever w ould c ome h ome a gain t ill I w as a pilot a nd c ould c ome i n g lory. B ut s omehow I c ould n ot m anage i t. I w ent m eekly aboard a f ew o f t he b oats t hat l ay p acked t ogether l ike s ardines a t t he l ong S t. L ouis wharf, a nd v ery h umbly i nquired f or t he p ilots, b ut g ot o nly a c old s houlder a nd short w ords f rom m ates a nd c lerks. I h ad t o m ake t he b est o f t his s ort o f t reatment for t he t ime b eing, b ut I h ad c omforting d aydreams o f a f uture w hen I s hould b e a great a nd h onored p ilot, w ith p lenty o f m oney, a nd c ould k ill s ome o f t hese m ates and c lerks a nd p ay f or t hem.Critical R eading*Answer #2-4 o n l oose-leaf, t o b e c ollected. (Full s entences!)2. (a) R ecall: W hat i s t he o ne p ermanent a mbition o f t he n arrator a nd h is b oyhood friends. (b) C onnect: H ow d oes t his c hildhood a mbition r eflect t he A merican s pirit that g ave r ise t o t he s ettlement o f n ew f rontiers?3. (a) R ecall: H ow d o t he p eople o f H annibal r espond t o t he a rrival o f t he steamboat? (b) I nterpret: W hat i mpression d oes T wain c onvey o f t his t own b y t his response?4. (a) R ecall: W hat h appens t o t he y oung a pprentice e ngineer? (b) I nfer: H ow would y ou d escribe t he a ttitude o f t he o ther b oys t oward t he a pprentice e ngineer?。
英语词汇学课本习题答案
英语词汇学课本习题答案Unit 1Check Y our UnderstandingState whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE.a. Fb. Fc. Fd. Fe. TIn-Class Activities1. The word ―wor d‖is diverse in terms of its meaning. Consider its usages in the following contexts:a. May I say a word about that?b. Actions speak louder than words.c. She has kept her word.d. Finally the general gave the word to retreat.e. Let me know if you get word of my wife.f. Word has it they‘re divorcing.ASK:(1) What does ―word‖ mean in each of the contexts?a. Something he would talk aboutb. things that are said, contrasted with things that are donec. the promise one has maded. spoken command or signale. informationf. piece of news; message(2) Do you know of any other usages the word ―word‖ has?2.ASK:(1) Can you summarize the five criteria introduced by David Crystal here?Potential pause :The pause , which happens when you say a sentence, will tend to fallbetween words, and not within words.Indivisibility: The extra items will be added between the words and not within them.Minimal free forms: the smallest units of speech that can meaningfully stand on their own. Phonetic boundaries: It issometimes possible to tell from the sound of a word where it begins or ends.Semantic units: each word in a sentence has a clear meaning.(2) Do you think these criteria are questionable in any way? Can they be applied to theidentification of zi, the rough Chinese equivalent of the English ―word‖?No, as the above analysis explained. No , they cannot. For example, 流连and 蹒跚，they are danchuci(单纯词) which cannot be analyzed independently.3.ASK:(1) Suppose we want to know what are the ten most frequently used English words. What are they, as far as you can tell? How about Chinese?The, of ,to, and, a, in, is, it, you, that的、⼀、是、在、了、不、和、有、⼤、着(2) Are there any similarities and differences between the ten most frequently used words inEnglish and those in Chinese?They are basically functional words. Both have possessive word,(of, 的) number words(a,⼀), copula words(is, 是), conjunctions(and, 和) and localizers(in, 在).; English has the definite article the and several pronouns, you , that and it which are absent in Chinese.4. According to Ferdinand de Saussure, there is no intrinsic relation between the form of a word and what it stands for. In other words, words are arbitrary (i.e. not motivated) in terms of meaning designation. However, there seem to be abundant cases in natural languages that defy this generalization. For example, onomatopoeic words seem to exist in all the languages known to us. To a lesser degree, the meaning of some words can be partly deduced from their components. For example, ―sl-― is highly suggestive of the meaning of the words that contain it, such as ―slide‖, ―slip‖, and ―slush‖. ASK:(1)Babble, bang, grunt, splash; 噼啪、嗡嗡、滴滴哒、吱嘎吱No, these words are only a small part of English or Chinese vocabulary(2)Football and handball concern the body part which take the ball from one place to another, and basketball is named after a basket into which the ball is put in the begging stage of the game. (3)People have bodily embedded knowledge to infer these motivations of such usage. The first example concerns the metaphor and second metonymy(4) Do you know other types of words or usages that are motivated in one way or another?Some figurative usages are also highly motivated. For example: Necessity is the mother of invention.5. British English (BE for short) and American English (AE for short) are two major varieties of the English language.Though they have fundamental similarities in terms of grammar and vocabulary, they also differ substantially in many ways. On the vocabulary level, several distinct distinctions are found. First, there are differences in the pronunciation of some words, mostly in the vowel sounds, as illustrated in the following table:Some consonants are also pronounced differently. Particularly, in BE，the letter r before a consonant is not pronounced, but that at the end of a word is pronounced if the next word beginswith a vowel, e.g., cart /k: t/, door /d :/, but a member of /? memb??f /; in AE, the letter r is pronounced in all positions.Secondly, BE and AE differ in the spelling of some words. Usually, the AE variants are simpler than their British counterparts, as manifested below.A further noticeable difference relates to the lexical meaning of some words. For instance, ―bill‖ means ―bank note‖ in AE but ―a demand for payment of a debt‖ in BE.ASK:(1) Can you supply more words that are pronounced differently in British English and AmericanEnglishhalf, advance, advantage, after, answer, ask, glance, glass, grasp(2) Do you know of any grammatical differences between British English and American English? In American English we say ―graduate from school‖; while in British English, we say ―leave school‖. In American English, it has ―put up price‖, while in British English, it is ―raise price‖(3) Are there special words for which AE and BE have very distinctive spellings?For Chinese characters―博览会‖, British English has ―fair‖ while American English usees trade show. ― Life and elevator‖ , and ―autumn and fall‖ are more examples.(4) Can you find more examples of the same words with different meanings in AE and BE?one billion/ first floor/ pantsone billion(Brit) the number 1000000000000 万亿之数(US) the number 1000000000⼗亿之数first floorIn British English the floor of a building at street level is the ground floor and the floor above that is the first floor.In US English the street-level floor is the first floor and the one above is the second floorPants(Brit) men's underpants; women's or children's knickers(US) trousers6. The following excerpt comes from Barack Obama‘s speech on Father‘s Day, June 15, 2008. Read it carefully, and pay special attention to his choice of words.The first is setting an example of excellence for our children — because if we want to set high expectations for them, we‘ve got to set high expectations for ourselves. It‘s great if you have a job; it‘s even better if you have a college degree. It‘s a wonderful thing if you are married and living in a home with your children, but don‘t just sit in the house and watch ―Sports Center‖ all weekend long. That‘s why so many children are growing up in front of the television. As fathers and parents,we‘ve got to spend more time with them, and help them with their homework, and replace the video game or the remote control with a book once in a while. That‘s how we build that foundation…..The second thing we need to do as fathers is pass along the value of empathy to our children. Not sympathy, but empathy —the ability to stand in somebody else‘s shoes;to look at the world through their eyes. Sometimes it‘s so easy to get caught up in ―us,‖ that we forget about our obligations to one another. There‘s a culture in our society that says remembering these obligations is somehow soft —that we can‘t show weakness, and so therefore we can‘t show kindness……And the final lesson we must learn as fathers is also the greatest gift we can pass on to our children —and that is the gift of hope.…I‘m not talking about an idle hope that‘s little more than blind optimism or willful ignorance of the problems we face. I‘m talking about hope as that spirit inside us that insists, despite all evidence to the contrary, that something better is waiting for us if we‘re willing to work for it and fight for it. If we are willing to believe.ASK:(1) How does Obama distinguish ―empathy‖ from ―sympathy‖?Empathy means Identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings.The ability to stand in somebody else‘s shoesSympathy is defined as feeling of pity and sorrow (for sb.)(2) Why does Obama bother to define ―hope‖– a familiar word to all?Hope, according to Obama, is som ething better is waiting for us if we‘re willing to work for it and fight for it. If we are willing to believe. He differentiates hope from what is blind optimism or willful ignorance of the problems we face(3) What other lexical choices impress you deeply as well?―As fathers and parents‖, why not as fathers and mothers,Open to discussionPost-Class Tasks1. What characteristics do functional words have？Read the following excerpt from George W. Bush‘s Farewell Address in 2009 and underline the functional words used in it.Like all who have held this office before me, I have experienced setbacks. There are things I would do differently if given the chance. Yet I have always acted with the best interests of our country in mind. I have followed my conscience and done what I thought was right. You may not agree with some tough decisions I have made. But I hope you can agree that I was willing to make the tough decisions.2. How do you understand receptive and productive lexical knowledge? Use your own examplesto illustrate their differences. Which type of vocabulary is probably the largest for a language user, reading vocabulary, writing vocabulary, listening vocabulary, or speaking vocabulary? Give one reason that convinces you most.For example, we learn that ―word‖can be used to refer to ―rumor‖, and we know it means ―rumor‖ in the sentence ―The word is that he's left the country.(据说他已经离开这个国家了).‖But actually, we will not write the sentence, esp., say the sentence in daily conversations. By this example, we show that receptive lexical knowledge concerns what you learned and productive lexical knowledge concerns what you would put into practice. Reading vocabulary may be the largest type of vocabulary, because you may recognize the meaning of a word without using it in daily exchanges or in academic writing. 3. Is lexical competence the same thing as productive lexical knowledge? How do you understand the two concepts on the basis of the discussion in Pre-Class Reading?No, lexical competence covers a larger scope that that of productive lexical knowledge.4. Can we say lexicology is the scientific study of the words in a language? How important is the notion of word equivalent? Read the following excerpt from Barrack Obama‘s V ictory Speech in 2008 and underline the word equivalents. What types of word equivalents are contained in this passage?So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of responsibility, where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves but eachother.Let us remember that, if this financial crisis taught us anything, it's that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers.In this country, we rise or fall as one nation, as one people. Let's resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity thathas poisoned our politics for so long.Let's remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House, a party founded on the values ofself-reliance and individual liberty and national unity.Those are values that we all share. And while the Democratic Party has wona great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination toheal the divides that have held back our progress.Language is composed of not just individual words, but also word equivalents, such as word groups (or compound words), chunks such as idioms, formulaic sequences, and so. The latter is attracting more and more scholarly attention these days. Thus, lexicology is more precisely defined as the scientific study of the words and word equivalents in a language.5. Identical systems of stress and rhythm are used by BE and AE. There are, however, a few words that have their stress on a different syllable. Write out the specific pronunciations of the following words:OmittedUnit 2Check Y our UnderstandingState whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE.a. Fb. Fc. Fd. Fe. FIn-Class Activities1.(1) How are the three allomorphs conditioned by their adjoining sounds?S is pronounced as [s] [z and [iz]] when it is respectively attached to a voiceless consonant, a voiced consonant or a vowel, and any words ending with s, z or pronouncing as [s] or [z].(2) Does the plurality morpheme have other allomorphs apart from those mentioned above?Y es, for example,the plural form of sheep remains unchanged, and man has its plural form realized as ―men‖.(3) What about the allomorphs of the morpheme for the past tense in English?The usual allomorphs of the morpheme of the past tense may be realized as [t], [d] and [id]2. In English, there are quite a few prefixes that connote negation. They include a-, un-, in- (ir-, il-), dis-, mis-, non-, de-, and the like.symmetry→asymmetrytypical→atypicalforgettable →unforgettabletie→untiearticulate →inarticulate,discreet →indiscreetmature →immature,partial →impartiallegal →illegallegible →illegiblerelevant →irrelevantreverent →irreverentlike→dislikeable→disableuse →misuselead →misleadsense →nonsensecommercial→noncommercialform→deformconstruction→deconstruction(2) How would you distinguish between un- and non- in terms of their meaning and use? Can weprefix un- to adjectives like ―tall‖, ―ill‖, and ―black‖? Why or why not?Un- is usually prefixed before transitive verbs, such as tie →untie, nouns, such as and adjectives, such asemployment→unemployment. Non- is often put before adjectives, such as essential→non-essential, and nouns, such as existence→non-existence. Both of the usage are possible because the word followed the above two prefixes has no ready-made acronyms in English lexical system.3.ASK:(1) Could we cut ―unwomanly‖ into ―unwoman‖ and ―-ly‖?No. unwoman is not a word in English. Un- is usually put before an abstract uncountable noun. (2) Can you analyze the morphological structure of the word ―inaccessibility‖?inaccessibilityinaccessible -ityin- accessibleaccess -ible(3) According to some feminists, words like ―history‖ and ―human‖ encode sex inequality. Do youagree?These words may connate sex inequality at first sight. But, In fact, we go too far if we hold this notion in mind. Both words have been part of our culture.4.ASK:(1) What are the words in the pictures that stem from conversion?Stop, bin, wear, suit(2) Are they instances of partial conversion or complete conversion?complete conversions5.ASK:(1) What words undergo shortening here? What is the full form of PM (or sometimes p.m.)?Tue Tuesday, Sun Sunday, post meridiem.(2) Do you know how the month names are shortened in English?1⽉January Jan 2⽉February Feb 3⽉March Mar. 4⽉April Apr. 5⽉May May 6⽉June Jun. 7⽉July Jul. 8⽉August Aug. 9⽉September Sept. 10⽉October Oct. 11⽉November Nov. 12⽉December Dec.6.ASK:(1) Can you provide more examples instantiating analogy?Marathon--telethon/talkathon, hamburger--shrimpburger-(2) Is this process of word formation also found in Chinese? Support your answer with evidence.⽆微不⾄－⽆胃不治；其乐⽆穷－棋乐⽆穷7.(1) What semantic relation holds the two lexemes together in each case?a. flu virus: A caused Bb. safety line :B ensures Ac. night bird: A is the usual time when B is actived. spoon-feeding: A is one of the ways to realize B.e. potato pancake: A is the ingredient of Bf. man-made: B is realize by Ag toilet seat: B is part A.(2) Does ―safety line‖ mean the same as ―safe line‖? Can you come up with similar compounds? NO, the former means that line can keep one safe, whereas the latter means the line is safe.(Y ou can touch it)Security guard and secure guardPost-Class T asks1. Supply the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.a.D;b.B;c. D;d. C;e. A;f. D2. Learners need to be able to recognize word parts in words. Read the example and break up the following words into meaningful parts. (e.g. unhappiness -- un/happi/ness)a. intangibilityb. unevenlyin/tangible/ity un/even/lyc. friendlinessd. notwithstandingfriend/ly/ness not/with/stand/inge. overseasf. minimalistover/sea/s minim/al/istg. immigration h. Psychologistimmi/grate/ion psych/ology/isti. occurrences j. assumptionoc/cur/rence as/sumpt/ion3. Study the following Security Tips collected from an American Holliday Inn and exemplify the various processes of word formation with words from the passage.Safe: conversionCheck-out: CompositionDead: conversionV aluable: conversion4. What kinds of adjectives undergo partial conversion? What kinds of verbs often undergo complete conversion?Adjectives like ―poor‖, ―rich‖, ―fat‖, ―sick‖, ―wounded‖, ―deaf‖, ―mute‖, ―Chinese‖, ―Danish‖, ―best‖, ―most‖,―least‖, ―latest‖, ―accused‖, ―condemned‖, (for) ―good‖, ―thick‖ (and) ―thin‖, etc. undergo partial conversion; stop, pause, halt, look, rest, check, try, taste, smell, etc, often undergo complete conversion.5. Some affixes have not only lexical meanings but affective meanings as well. Some personal nouns formed by the suffix –ling, for example, have derogatory meanings,as in hireling, weakling; some personal nouns taking the suffix –ish are also derogatory, as in mannish, womanish and bookish. Can you provide more examples suffixed with –ling and –ish that are negative in attitude?Prince/princelingUnder/underlingWorld/worldingChild/childishSelf/selfishFool/foolish6. Read the following piece of news. What are the acronyms or initialisms used in this passage? What are their full forms?Obama brings hope for warmer relations to TurkeyANKARA, Turkey – U.S. President Barack Obama is reaching out to Turkey to help him wind down the Iraq war and bring stability to the Middle East. He is also counting on the only Muslim member of NATO to remain a steadfast ally in the Afghanistan conflict.Obama's visit is being closely watched by an Islamic world that harbored deep distrust of his predecessor, George W. Bush.Obama was spending two days in Turkey as he wrapped up an event-packed, eight-day international trip that also saw stops in Britain, France, Germany and the Czech Republic.In his inaugural address in January, Obama pledged to reach out to the Muslim world.At a luncheon Sunday for leaders of the European Union's 27 nations in Prague, he said the West should seek greater cooperation and closer ties with Islamic nations. He suggested one way was by allowing Turkey to join the European Union — a contentious subject for some European countries. French President Nicolas Sarkozy said after Obama's remarks that the decision was the EU's to make, not Washington's.Americans remain unsure of what to make of Islam even as most people in the U.S.think Obama should seek better relations with the Muslim world, according to a Washington Post-ABC News poll. About 55 percent of Americans say they lack a good, basic understanding of the religion, the poll found, and 48 percent have an unfavorableview of it.Obama's trip to Turkey, his final scheduled country visit, ties together themes of earlier stops. He attended the Group of 20 economic summit in London, celebrated NATO's 60th anniversary in Strasbourg, France, and on Saturday visited the Czech Republic, which included a summit of European Union leaders in Prague.Turkey is a member of both the G-20 and NATO and is trying to get into the EU with the help of the U.S.Acronyms: NATOInitialisms: EU, ABC, U.S.Unit 3Keys to the exercises in Check Your Understandinga. False;b. False;c. True;d. False;e. FalseKeys to the exercises in In-class Activities1.(1) Y es. There is some difference between the words ―clean‖and ―cleanly‖in the sentences in Group A. In Sentence A-a,―clean‖ means ―completely‖, while in Sentence A-b, ―cleanly‖ means ―easily‖.(2) Y es. There is some difference between the words ―clean‖and ―cleanly‖in the sentences in Group A. In Sentence A-a,―clean‖ means ―completely‖, while in Sentence A-b, ―cleanly‖ means ―easily‖.(3) The words ―high‖ and ―highly‖ cannot be used interchangeably in the two sentences in GroupC. In Sentence C-a, ―high‖ is an adjective and fuctions as the complement, while in Sentence C-b, ―highly‖ is an adverb and functions as the modifier.(4) a1. I felt pretty nervous going into the exam, but after I got started I loosened up some.a2. The woman chairing the meeting speaks prettily.b1. When he saw her, he stopped dead in his tracks.b2. I'm deadly serious. This isn't a game!c1. Someone left the back door wide open.c2. These laws were widely regarded as too strict.2.(1) a. The old man smiled his refusal to the young man request.b. He lived a long life and died a natural death.(2) a. 每听完⼀个笑话，那个⽼⼈都咯咯地笑出他的喜悦之情。
英美文学选读英国部分第一章文艺复兴时期
英美文学选读中文翻译及重点习题答案英国文学(AMERICAN LITERATURE)第一章文艺复兴时期(The Renaissance Period)二、背景知识(Background knowledge)1、历史文化背景(Historical and cultural background)(1)文艺复兴是从中世纪向近代过渡时期发生在欧洲许多国家的一场思想文化运动。
它是在一些历史因素的合力作用下而引发的，如对希腊罗马古典文化的重新发现，宗教改革运动，地理和自然科学领域的探索，以及资本主义经济的扩张等。
(2)人文主义是文艺复兴的主要特征。
它颂扬人性，强调以“人”为本，宣传个性解放，反对神秘主义和中古神权，反对野蛮和兽性。
(3)16世纪的宗教改革导致了新教的创立。
英格兰同罗马教皇的决裂最初源于国王亨利八世决定与其第一位妻子离婚但遭到教皇否决。
宗教教义的改革则发生在后来的爱德华六世和女王伊丽莎白一世统治期间。
(4)工商业持续发展，中产阶级逐渐壮大，非神职人员获得受教育的机会，王权巩固，宫廷成为文化生活的中心，以及海外扩张和科学探索日益拓展人们的视野，所有这些都为文学提供了新的推动力和发展方向。
威廉·卡克斯顿首次将印刷术介绍到英国，使那里的出版社迅速增加，随之而来的是印刷书籍的繁荣。
2、英国文艺复兴时期文学的特点(Features of English Renaissance literature)(1) 诗歌(Poetry)开创文艺复兴时期一代新的华丽诗风的两个最重要的人物是菲利普·悉尼爵士和埃德蒙·斯宾塞。
在他们的抒情和叙事作品中，展现出一种词藻华丽、精雕细琢的文风。
到16世纪末，出现了两类新的诗歌风格。
第一类以约翰·邓恩和其他玄学派诗人为代表；第二类风格的典范是本·琼森和他所代表的流派。
英国文艺复兴时期的最后一位大诗人是清教作家约翰·密尔顿，他的诗歌具有惊人的震撼力和优雅的韵致，同时传达出深邃的思想。
小提琴首席副首席乐队助理首席PrincipalandAssociate
小提琴首席、副首席、乐队助理首席| Principal and Associate Principal of Violin，Assistant Concertmaster独奏必考片段 Compulsory Solo Pieces:1- 莫扎特第三，第四，第五小提琴协奏曲第一乐章（含华彩）。
1st movt. From Mozart's Violin concerto: No.3, or No.4 or ,No.5 (including Cadenza)。
2- 任选一部柴可夫斯基、勃拉姆斯、贝多芬、西贝柳斯小提琴协奏曲Anyone Violin Concerto from Tchaikovsky, Brahms, Beethoven, Sibelius乐队片段 Orchestra Excerpt:1. 勃拉姆斯：《第四交响曲》（第二乐章，80至102小节，第四乐章，33至81小节）Johannes Brahms:Symphony No.4 in C minor, 2nd movt. bar 80 - 102, 4th movt. bar 33 - 812. 普罗科菲耶夫：《第一交响曲》（第一乐章开始至12号）Sergei Prokofiev: Symphony No.1 in D major, Op.25, 1st movt., from the beginning to No.12.3. 贝多芬：《第九交响曲》（第三乐章99-114小节）Ludwig van Beethoven , Symphony No.9 in D Minor, Op.25, 3rd movt., from bar 99-114.4. 莫扎特：《第三十九交响曲》（第四乐章开始至78小节）Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony No.39, KV.543. The 4th movt., from the beginning to bar 78. 5. 德沃夏克：《b小调大提琴协奏曲》（第三乐章独奏部分）Antonin Dvorak： Violoncello Concerto in B minor, Op.104 3rd movt. Solo6. 里姆斯基•科萨科夫：《天方夜谭》（独奏部分）Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Sheherazade solo part7. 理查德·施特劳斯：《唐璜》（独奏部分）Richard Strauss: <Don Juan> solo part8. 理查德•施特劳斯：《英雄生涯》（独奏部分）Richard Strauss: Ein Heldenleben, B-flat, solo part9. 勃拉姆斯：《第一交响曲》（独奏部分）Johannes Brahms: Symphony No.丨 in C Minor , solo part10. 德沃夏克：《第八交响曲》（独奏部分）Antonin Dvorak: Symphony No.8 in G major, op.88 solo part小提琴演奏员 | Tutti Violin独奏必考片段 Compulsory Solo Pieces:1.莫扎特第三，第四，第五小提琴协奏曲第一乐章（不含华彩）。
2023年最新的文艺复兴时期英国文学
2023年最新的文艺复兴时期英国文学文艺复兴时期英国文学1. What is Renaissance How and why did it come about2. What is the development of drama What were the original forms and content and practice of drama3. Why did drama flourish in Elizabethan age Who are the major playwrights of the time4. Who is Marlowe What contributions did he make to English drama5. Who is Shakespeare What famous and great plays (history, comedy, tragedy) What features6. What did Ben Jonson write about What representative work7. Prepare the excerpt from Hamlet (31-32). What is it mainly about What humanist idea can you find in the soliloquy8. What was the most important translation of the timeReference questions on Shakespeare and Hamlet1. Why is Shakespeare an eternal subject of study Where lies his greatness2. What are the themes of Hamlet3. What is the significance of Hamlet as a character4. What is blank verse5. What is soliloquyText study 1 Hamlet’s soliloquy “To be or not to be”1. What is the main idea of Hamlet’s soliloquy Summarize in one or two sentences the main idea of the soliloquy2. How does the soliloquy reflect the spirit of the time or the idea of humanism3. How do you analyze Hamlet’s argument in terms of structureText study 2 The Merchant of Venice / The Trial ScenePre-readingThe most interesting character in this play is Shylock. Some people think him as a cruel miser, deserving his punishment while others consider him a victim of discrimination. From what you know of the play, what do you think of this character To what extent does this character deserves our sympathy Discuss with your classmates.Discussion1. After rea ding the “trial scene”, have you changed your idea about Shylock Refer to the questions in Pre-reading, and try to defend your position with evidence from the text.2. Portia gives an eloquent speech on mercy when she tries to persuade Shylock to give up his bond. Consider the punishment received by Shylock, do you think the Christians are being merciful to Shylock3. In Shakespeare’s day, the playwrights did not give details of stage direction in thei第一文库网r play text. In this play, for example, nothing is said about how Shylock leaves the stage. Is he content Or is he sad Does he show his anger If you were the actor playing the role of Shylock, how would you perform his exitQuestions for Renaissance poetry and prose1. Who was thought to be the greatest English poet since Chaucer What is his representative work What are the features of this poem2. What new forms (rhyme—blank verse, stanza--sonnet) of poetry were introduced into England By whom3. Who were the famous sonneteers of the time4. How do you tell an Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet from an English(a Shakespearean) one5. How many sonnets did Shakespeare write What are the major subjects6. Who were the two major prose writers What is Utopia Where do you think More possibly got the idea or was it all his own invention How do you interpret the title of the book7. What contribution did Bacon make to the English system of thinking and learning8. What’s the purpose of his Essays9. Based on your reading of his work, give your personal impression of/comment on his Essays10. The English Renaissance period is known for its translations. What are the most important translations of this ageText study 1 Sonnet 18 by ShakespeareQuestions1. What is the English sonnet form Study the metrical and rhyme scheme as well as the structure2. What’s the main idea Is it really about love What is peculiar of this love poem3. What figures of speech are usedText study 2 “Of Studies” by F. Baco nPre-readingChoose one of the headings below and write down a couple of sentences according to the heading:1. Learning can be used to ............2. People’s attitudes towards knowledge differ:3. Not all books should be read in the same way:Language and Style1. Bacon’s aphoristic style is characterized by the frequent use of parallelism.Find one such example from the text and either translate or paraphrase the selected sentences.2. Underline some of the metaphors or metaphorical descriptions inthe essay.Select at least two and explain what they illustrate.WritingWrite a commentary of about 250 words according to the following requirements: a) choose one of the headings in Pre-reading as the opening sentence of yourcomment;b) quote Bacon and explain his idea;c) comment on Bacon’s idea and express your personal opinion.Discussion1. How do you define the style2. Study the essay by comparing the English version with the translation of Mr Wang. How do you like the Chinese version3. Paraphrase and comment on sentences 1-6, 10-12.。
英语词汇学exercises
Chapter 1The term 'vocabulary' is used in different senses. Match the examples with the definition of vocabulary.There is plenty of slang in the following dialogue. Read the dialogue and see if you identify and understand.Person A: What's up man?Person B: Not much dude.A: How is it going?B: I'm alright. I am good.A: What's going on?B: I am feeling down.A: Why?B: My girlfriend dumped me. She said that we don't mesh well together.A: I am so sorry. I feel for you man.B: It sucks. It's so horrible. I don't want to live without her.A: There are plenty of other fish in the sea. You can't lose hope over a single chick.B: I guess you got a point. It's tough though, and it's hard to move on.A: You'll be good. No worries. Live life and have fun.B: I can do that. Thank you so much for being there. You're the man.A: I do what I can, lol.Here are some of the slang expressions with their explanations man: a term of familiar address to a man or a woman: Hey, man, take it easy.dude: a man, a fellowdown: depresseddump: to end one’s relationship with someonemesh: to match, coordinate, or interlocksuck：to be disgustingly disagreeable or offensivefeel for: to feel sympathy for or compassion toward; empathize with: I know you're disappointed and upset, and I feel for you.fish: personchick: Often Offensive. a girl or young woman.lol: laughing out loudWhich of the following words are content words and which are function words? Put them in the correct category.Read the following excerpt from George W. Bush’s Farewell Address in 2009 and underline the functional words used in it.Like all who have held this office before me, I have experienced setbacks. There are things I would do differently if given the chance. Yet I have always acted with the best interests of our country in mind. I have followed the conscience and done what I thought was right. You may not agree with some tough decisions I have made. But I hope you can agree that I was willing to make the tough decisions.Guess whether the following statements are true or false.1. Native words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the Germanic tribes: the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes.2. Native words are known as Anglo-Saxon words.3. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are small in number.4. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin form the mainstream of the basicword stock and stand at the core of the language.5. What is true of the basic word stock is also true of native words.6. The number of functional words is overgrowing.7.Every morpheme has its variants.Put the following borrowed words into the correct category.Denizens: pork port change cupAliens: Kowtow Kimono Intermezzo Ketchup DecorTranslation-loans: Masterpiece Black humourSemantic-loans: Dream Fresh Pioneer DumbExplain the relationship between sound and meaning with examples.Divide the following words into their constituent morphemes: inaccessibility, unevenly, friendliness, overseas, minimalist, occurrences, assumption, retell, ex-wife, misleading, multimedia, automobile, microcomputer, vice-chairman, semiconductor, underdeveloped, telescope, maltreat, anti-government, forehead, illegal, disobey, unfair, prepaid, de-emphasis, readiness, discouraging, kind-hearted, undoubtedly,stockrooms, prepackagedJudge how many morphemes the following words have: unrespectable, recollection, irresponsibility, internationalists, impossibility, unpredictableWrite the following words with hyphens between their morphemes.quickly downstairs fourth poisonous weakenworldwide internationally inject protrudeTry to find out how many allomorphs does "–ed" has? Illustrate your answer with examples.What would be considered as allomorphs of the morpheme ‘plural’ from the following set of English words?data oxen children deer films factories matches Analyze the words in terms of root and stem.impracticableness unbelievablyUnderline each bound morpheme in the following words.island surname disclose duckling cranberry reading poets flavourfulness famous subvertWhat are the inflectional morphemes in the following phrases or sentences?1)the boy’s books2)the greatest achievements3)It’s snowing.4)John climbed the mountain.Give all the possible inflections for the following words.book, forget, short, snap, take, goose, heavyChapter 2Point out the native words in the following pairs of synonyms:beak---bill break---sever feed---nourish amity---friendship wet---humid solitary---lonely people---folk deep---profound mount---rise world---universe answer-reply celestial---heavenly exterior---outer cordial---hearty dale---valley have---possess conceal---hide deed---action holy---sacred aid---helpprevent---hinder begin---commence womanly---feminineinner---interior deadly---mortal motherly---maternalquestion---ask masculine---manly buy---purchasethin---tenuous earthly---terrestrial royal---kinglyviolin---fiddle fatherly---paternal domestic---homelybodily---corporal vivacious---lively brotherhood---fraternity aqueous---wateryDecide whether the following statements are true or false.1.English is the language of the early inhabitants of the British Isles.2.The first peoples known to inhabit England were Celts who mainly spoke Latin.3.The Romans invaded the British Isles and occupied it until about410. Consequently the Latin of the Roman Legions was a major language used by the early inhabitants of the British Isles.4.As the German tribes invaded Britain, the Celtic languages gradually retreated.5.Celtic made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary.6.Indo-European refers to the family languages spoken originally in Europe.tin and French belong to the different language groups.8.English belongs to the West-Germanic language group of Indo-European language family.9.The first people in England about whose language we have definite knowledge are the Celts.10.Old English is characterized by the frequent use of compounds which in turn is an important linguistic feature of Germanic language.11.Old English has much less loan words compared with modern English.12.Modern English is a language of leveled endings.Compare Old English with Middle English. What are their respective characteristics?Geoffrey Chaucer (?1343-1400) Middle English PeriodWilliam Shakespeare (1564-1616), Early Modern English PeriodChapter 3On semantic basis, prefixes are divided into nine groups:1. Negative Prefixes3. Pejorative prefixes5. Prefixes of orientation and attitude 7. Prefixes of time and order9. Miscellaneous prefixes 2. Reversative prefixes4. Prefixes of degree or size 6. Locative prefixes8. Number prefixesNow, compare the meanings of the words with their roots or stems and judge what changes have taken place on meanings. Then please decide which group the prefixes above belong to. Just fill in the numbers that represent the different groups. An example has been done for you.re7ex- mis- multi- auto- micro- vice-semi-under-tele-mal-anti-fore-il-dis-un-pre-de-In the following table, there are 12 words of different part of speech. Match the words with the corresponding suffixes to form a new word. Write out the new word and its part of speech. An example has been done for you.Analyze the new nouns in the above table. Are they abstract nouns or concrete nouns? Which suffixes will lead to an abstract noun and which to concrete ones? Write A for abstract and C for concrete in the following form. An example has been done for you.-dom A-ity-ery-hood-ism-er-ese-ess-sionForm negatives of each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non-, un-smoker capable practical obeysecurity relevant mature abilityofficially willingness legal agreementlogical loyal convenient athleticKeys:nonsmoker，incapable，impractical，disobey，insecurity，irrelevant，immature，inability/disability，unofficially，unwillingness，illegal，disagreement，illogical，disloyal，inconvenient，nonathletic用否定前缀in-（及其变体）、non-、un-构成下列单词的反义词correct, friendly, wrap, free, rational, consistent, remarked, business, green, expected, smoker, balanced, empty, polite, complete, resistant, trivial, candidate, attention, science, logical, informative , literate, assuming, remitting, mortal, perishable, sane, forgettableIn English, there are quite a few prefixes that connote negation. They include “a-, un-, in-, dis-, mis-, non-, de-”, and the like. Can you give one or two examples for each.How would you distinguish between “un-” and “non-” in terms of their meaning and use? Can we prefix “un-”to adjectives like “tall, ill”and “black”? Why or why not?Turn the following nouns and adjectives into verbs with suffixes –en, -ify, -ize and then choose appropriate verbs you have formed to fill in the blanks in the sentences that follow.hard horror modern memoryfalse apology deep glorysterile length intense beautyfat sympathya．He _________ for interrupting her.b．She tried to _________ her room with posters and plants.c．A study has been ordered into the feasibility of _________ the airport’s main runway by two hundred meters.d．However much they _________ with her, they all felt it was her fault.e．Soya is excellent food to _________ cattle.f．She laughed and that seemed to ________ her voice.g．Forty thousand pound had been spent on _________ the station. h．_________ the bottles by immersing them in boiling water for fifteen minutes.Each of the following sentences contains a word printed in bold type. Complete the sentences by using this word to form a noun to refer to a person.a．If you are employed by a company, you are one of its _________. b．A _________ is someone whose job is politics.c．The ________s in a discussion are the people who participate in it. d．A woman who works as a _________ does the same job as a waiter.e．The person who conducts an orchestra or choir is called the _________.f．Your _________ is the person who teaches you.g．A _________ is someone who earns their living by playing the piano.h．If someone examines you, you are the _________ and he or she is the _________.What is the meaning of the prefixes in the following words?indirect, endanger, dissimilar, unwind, interconnect, misconduct, oversleep, rewrite, untie, redraw, postgraduate, disallowFill in the blanks with appropriate suffixes.a)–able, -ibleconsum , comprehens , exchange ,permissb)–ant, -entabsorb , assist , differ , participc)–ar, -er, -orconstruct , li , begg , edit , developd)–ary, -eryelement , station , brew , mockChange the following words into nouns:admit, accept, allow, enter, expect, warm, strong, persuade, jealous Provide more examples suffixed with “-ling” (e.g. weakling) and “-ish”(e.g. womanish) that are negative in attitude.Identify the derivational affixes in the following words. Give a meaning or function for each one.childish, declassify, freedom, illimitable, immovable, insufferable, misapprehension, prejudgment, reconnection, underdeveloped, withdrawalDecide whether the statements below are true or false.1.Non- differs un- in frequently expressing a binary contrast (without gradability) rather than the opposite end of a scale.2.A number of suffixes yield items that can be used both as nouns and as adjectives, such as –ese, -an , -ist, -ite.3.Some affixes may be polysemic.4.Some affixes are synonymous.5.Most of the prefixes may change the part of speech of the root they are attached to. Yet this is seldom the case with suffixes.6.Suffixes usually do not affect the stress of the word they are attached to. Yet some prefixes may do.7. Suffixes not only change the meaning of the roots or bases to which they are attached, but also change their word classes.Read the following compounds, and then guess their meanings.1. American cloth2. British warm3. French leave4.Spanish athlete5. Chinese copy6. Turkish delight7. Indian meal8. Dutch treat美产布料厚呢短大衣不辞而别西班牙运动员与原物一模一样的复制品土耳其软糖印度大餐各付己帐彩色漆布英国式的暖日法式告别吹牛者中国版本土耳其式狂欢玉米粉荷兰招待方式Decide whether the statements below are true or false.a. Compounding are words formed by combining affixes and roots.b. Open compounds look like free phrases as the elements forming each word are written separately.c. As a rule, the stress of compounds usually falls on the first element.d. The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of the roots.e. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit, so its internal structure usually cannot be changed.Form compounds using the following either as the first or the second element of the compound as indicated.well--woman-wide-minded self--related-proof -in-law home-half--conscious-basedwell-: well-behaved, well-qualified-woman: sportswoman, chairwoman-wide: nationwide, college-wide-minded: strong-minded, narrow-mindedself-: self-taught, serf-image-related: work-related, age-related-proof: water-proof, fire-proof-in-law: mother-in-law, sister-in-lawhome-: home-made, home-bakedhalf-: half-empty, half-forgotten-conscious: profit-conscious, status-conscious-based: campus-based, process-basedTell how the parts in each of the following groups are related to the meanings of the compound.a.hotline, mainline, redneck, darkroomb.bookshelf, breadbasket, mailbox, wineglassc.letterhead, roadside, keyhole, hilltopd.dropout, go-between, turnout, standbye.bad-tempered, clear-headed, long-sighted, heavy-heartedf.grass-green, sky-blue, snow-white, milk-whiteRead the following sentences; try to mark the part of speech of the word “up”.Can you lift that box up onto the shelf for me?We climbed slowly up the hill.Is something up with Julie? She looks really miserable.Without saying another word, he upped and left.Charlie seems to be on an up at the moment. I hope it lasts.Decide whether the following statements are true or false.a. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.b. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns, verbs and adverbs.c. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns.d. Such words as the poorer, the departed, a Republican are all examples of partial conversion.e. The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress.f. An alternative for conversion is functional shift.What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain them with examples.Pick out the words which you think are converted in the following sentences and explain how they are converted.a. We can’t stomach such an insult.b. Robert Acheson roomed right next to me.c. He wolfed down his lunch.d. There is no come and go with her.e. I’m one of his familiars.f. Poor innocents!g. She flatted her last note.h. The engineers ahed and ouched at the new machines.i. Come to the fire and have a warm.j. Is Bill Jackson a has-been or a might-have-been?k. He Hamleted at the chance and then he regretted for it.l. These shoes were an excellent buy.m. He turned his head and smoothed back the hair over one temple.n. Women have an equal say in affairs at home.o. They lifted their rifle butts and hit him in the small of the back.p. The song quickly became the hit of the country.q. We must train ourselves to distinguish right from wrong.r. They braved a 40-below-zero snowstorm to rescue the farm cattle.Keys: a. stomach (n →v) b. roomed (n →v)c. wolfed (n →v)d. come, go (v →n)e. familiars (a →n)f. innocents (a →n)g. flatted (a →v) h. ahed, ouched (iht →v)i. warm (a →n) j. has-been, might-have-been (v →n)k. Hamlet (n →v) 1. buy (v →n)m. smoothed (a →n) n. say (v →n)o. small (a →n) p. hit (v →n)q. right, wrong (a →n) r. braved (a →v)Pick out the words which you think are converted in the following sentences and explain how they are converted.1.At once the villagers formed a circle and stated moving around me,singing to the accompaniment of a kora.2.I name this ship Titanic.3.Agamemnon with the rest of the Greek army sailed away in their shipsat night.4.A few years ago the landlady locked the front door and installed a belland buzzer system, which made burglary more difficult though not impossible.5.An upstairs tenant, who happened to be looking out of his window,came running down, questioned the men and demanded their identification.6.The children headed toward school, carrying slates and followed bytheir dogs.7.Like the trunk of a tree, it rose in the air, branching out as it climbed.8.They boarded boats and got away, living to tell the tale of the city’sdestruction.9.The day-t-day effect of dirty air is hard to measure, and most peopletake it for granted.10.When these gases mix with fog, smog results.11.T here are a few success stories in battling air pollution.12.P ollution can be trapped before they pour out of chimneys and apollution-free car can be built.13.If nation traded item for item, such as one automobile for 10,000bags of coffee, foreign trade would be extremely cumbersome and restrictive.14.His place on the seat was taken almost immediately by a young man,fairly well dressed but scarcely more cheerful than the other.15.The young man quickly removed any doubt by pocketing the money.16.Calming down, I convinced myself this was something that had tohappen once in a lifetime.17.S uch was Pompeii on its last day. And so it is today, now that thevolcanic ash has been cleared away.18.Houses and clothes must be cleaned more frequently.19.B orn in 1879, in Uln, Germany, Einstein was two years old when hisparents moved to Munich. There his father opened a business in electrical supplies.20.T he Academy of Science was closed to him; his house was searchedfor weapons; he lost his professorship; all his property was seized; and finally his German citizenship was taken away.21.W hen the oil is heated, the first vapours to rise are cooled and becomethe finest petrol.22.H e emptied out all his pockets onto the table.23.P art of the old wall fell on the workman, and it took half an hour tofree him.24.T he wet clothes will soon dry in the sun.25.I know my friends from the feel of their faces.26.B ut I cannot really picture their personalities by touch.27.I will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders andgiven me a bad name.28.A nd Fabin gave him an appealing look.29.R ex could hold a baseball with ease in his mouth in one cheek, as if itwere a chew of tobacco.30.T hat is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like.31.T o protect the whale from the cold of the arctic seas, nature hasprovided it with a thick covering of fat called blubber.32.N o machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.33.T hen, all of a sudden, it seemed to start off.34.T here is no alternative for this.35.B ut how could a busy person get the better of one who had nothing todo?36.I t includes land with enough soil and enough rain-fall or water, andenough heat, which, at present, we are not using.37.W e pass from one form of activity to another; one we call work, andfor that we receive pay; the other we call play, and for that we receive no pay --- on the contrary, we probably pay a subscription.Chapter 4True or false judgement:1.Shortening is one of the three major processes of word formation inEnglish.2.Back formation may be applied to every word that has a suffix.3.Words created through back-formation are mostly nouns.4.Most of the blends are verbs.5.Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of twowords or a word plus a part of another word.6.Clipping, a way of making a word is to shorten a longer word bycutting a part off the original and adding a new part to the original. 7.Words formed through acronymy are called initialisms or acronyms,depending on the spelling of the new words.8.Back formation is the method of creating words by removing thesupposed suffixes.9.Motel is formed through clipping.Blank-filling:1.is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.2.The word “autocide” and “telex” are formed by .3.are those created by clipping part of a word, leaving only a pieceof the old word.4.are words formed from the initial letters of words and pronouncedas letters. are words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as words.Choose the best answer:1.Initialisms can be divided into alphabetisms and acronyms depending on .A. the grammatical functionB. the pronunciation of the wordsC. the spelling wayD. none of the above2. Word formation excludes .A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. back formation and blendingD. repetition and alliteration3. Back formation is considered to be the opposite process of .A. prefixationB. suffixationC. conversionpounding4. Back formation is the method of creating words by the supposed suffixes.A. removingB. shorteningC. addingD. writing5. The overwhelming majority of blends are .A. verbsB. nounsC. adjectivesD. adverbsWhat do the following short forms stand for？kg ft.cf.cm$ibid etc.VIP OPEC TOEFLIELTS GRE BECkeys: kg—kilogram ft.—foot cf.—confer cm—centimeter $—dollar ibid—ibidem etc.—et ceteraVIP--very important personOPEC--Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesTOEFL--Test of English as a Foreign LanguageIELTS --- the International English Language Testing SystemGRE--- Graduate Record ExaminationBEC---Cambridge Business English CertificateList as many shortening in daily life as possible, e.g. the shortening of month names, of the seven days in a week, etc.Choose words from among the following list to fill in the blanks.SALT laser radar sonarAIDS WHO G-man BASICa.There was a wide coverage of the _________ talks in the press.b.There are enemy aircraft on the _________ screen.c._________ is still an incurable disease.d.If one knows _________ language, one will find it easy to learn how to use computers.e._________ has long been applied to surgery in medicine.f._________ is an international agency of the United Nations which is concerned with improving health standards and services throughout the world.g.Passive _________ listens for noises emanating from a submarine.h.The person who works for the Federal Bureau of Investigation is called a _________.Keys:a. SALT b. radar c. AIDS d. BASICe. laserf. WHOg. sonarh. G-manRead some English newspapers and collect as many instances of blended words as possible.Give the original words from which the following words are back-formed.lase emote babysit beg orate drowseDecide whether the following statements are true or false.1.Proper nouns form an important source of English vocabulary.2.Words derived from names include names of people, names ofcountry, names of products and names of book.3.All the words denoting products come from the names of places where they were first made.4.Quite a few words come from names of books and thus take on the meaning of the books.5.When proper nouns are communized, many of them have lost their original identity.6.Proper nouns have rich cultural association and thus stylistically vivid, impressive and thought-provoking.7.Proper nouns can not take suffixes.Keys: 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. FStudy the following sentences and pick out the words which used to be proper nouns and explain the meaning in relation to their origins.1.One of the goals of high-powered advertising is to tantalize us with items we can't quite afford.2.We have decided that it is impossible to cheat when that Argus-eyed professor gives an exam.3.The number of mirrors in the average home suggests that there is a little narcissism in each of us.4.The terrorists have embarked on a scheme to sabotage as many factories in the Common Market countries as possible.5.Our new football coach is a real martinet; he even calls our homesat night to see whether we are in.6.How can such a disgusting yahoo really think he has charm and style?7.This Shylock demands 10 percent per week on all loans, and he has the enforcers to guarantee payment.8.She began the daily round of washing and hoovering.9.The Christian heaven can be seen as a sort of spiritual utopia.10.Simply because a black person is polite to white people doesn't make him or her guilty of Uncle Tommism.Keys:1. Tantalize-Tantalus2.Argus-eyed-Argus3.Narcissism-Narcissus4.Sabotage-sabots5.Martinet-Martinet6.Yahoo-Yahoo7.Shylock-Shylock9.Hoovering-Hoover9.Utopia-Utopia10.Uncle Tommism-Uncle TomChapter 5Consider the following two sentences, do you find anything inappropriate in them?*He mounted his gee-gee.*He got on his steed.In the first example, mounted is a very formal word, but it is used with a very informal word, that is, gee-gee, while in the second sentence, got on in a relative informal expression, but it is used with a very formal expression, that is, steed. In both these two examples, there is a disagreement of style.In many cases, the appreciative or pejorative meaning of the words is brought out in context. Look at the following examples and decide whether ambitious and ambition are used appreciatively or pejoratively.(1) He is bright and ambitious.(2) The reactionary's chief ambition is to become the emperor.(3) One who is filled with ambition usually works hard.In (1), the italicised word is obviously used in good sense showing approval on the part of the speaker. In sentences (2) and (3), however, ambition undoubtedly conveys a pejorative overtone. Therefore, to a large extent the affective meaning of the word depends on the context where the word is used.Chapter 8(1)Native and foreign wordsNative Foreignroom chamberfoe enemyhelp aidleave departwise sagebodily corporalearthly terrestrialwarlike bellicosebuy purchaseNative French Latinask question interrogatefast firm securefire flame conflagrationfear terror trepidationholy sacred consecratedgoodness virtue probitytime age epoch(2) dialects and regional EnglishRead the following sentence, and notice the italicized synonyms.[17] Autumn is British while fall is American. The British live in flats and take underground to work while Americans live in apartmentsand take the tube. More example words of this source are like:railway (BrE)railroad (AmE)mother (BrE) minny (ScotE)charm (BrE)glamour (ScotE)ranch (AmE) run (AusE)job (StandE) gig (BlackE)jim (BlackE) male person (StandE)(3) Figurative and euphemistic use of words. e.g.occupation (profession) walk of life (fig)dreamer star-gazer (fig)drunk elevated (euph)lie distort the fact (euph)(4) Coincidence with idiomatic expressions, e.g.win gain the upper handdecide make up one's mindfinish get throughhesitate be in two mindshelp lend one a handExercises on synonymy1.Decide whether the following statements are true or false.() 1) Synonyms must be similar in meaning and in part of。
适合高中生朗读的经典文章范文三篇
TheWaytoAchieveSuccess
rminggoodhabits,Ithinkweshouldpayattentiontofourthings,thatishonesty,industry,enthusiasmandthrift.
Tosumup,solongasourcentralandlocalgovernmentsandthewholesocietypayenoughattentiontothisproblemandtakeeffectiveaction,thissituationwillbechanged.
KnowledgeandPower
Inmyopinion,theattitudetowardsTValldependsononeself.Peopleshouldchoosethoseprograms,whichareuseful,andcanbringtothemthesenseofbeauty.
大学英语泛读教程3(第三版)期中试卷Reading Master 3 – Midterm Exam A
A. Vocabulary1. Olivia says she has a(n) ______ with the color pink since she dresses in it every day.a. bondb. crushc. obsessiond. commitment2. The two friends had a(n) ______ agreement to meet at the café every Saturday afternoon.a. crushedb. mutualc. bondd. heightened3. John ______ his best friend’s compliment by telling him that he looked sharp in his tuxedo.a. crushedb. reciprocatedc. obsessedd. bonded4. It was ______ to see the police officers chasing a suspected bank robber on such a busystreet.a. heightenedb. statistical c intimate d. startling5. I ______ my research proposal to my thesis advisor last week, so I hope to hear some feedbackfrom him soon.a. put forwardb. pointed upc. ruled outd. stood by6. The government decided to ______ the possibility of a tax cut since the economy was doingwell.a. drum upb. stand byc. gloss overd. rule out7. ______ is the process that trees and plants use to produce oxygen.a. Photosynthesisb. Anthropoidc. Gillsd. Stamen8. The tenants were ______ from their apartment after failing to pay their rent on time.a. judgedb. civilizedc. legalizedd. evicted9. The bank ______ on the company’s properties because theirs loans were not being regularlypaid.a. squatb. exploitc. foreclosedd. evict10. Sonya ______ an unusual talent for languages and could speak eight of them fluently.a. possessedb. prosecutedc. judgedd. foreclosed11. Black bears will often ______ in caves during their long winter hibernation.a. evictb. possessc. infringe ond. reside12. My English teacher enjoys ______ with her students and often chats with us online.a. utilizingb. interactingc. pointingd. inventing13. Robots of the future will be so ______ that they will be able to perform many tasks such asdriving, cooking or cleaning.a. versatileb. subtlec. instinctived. foreign14. The cake Ryan baked had a(n) ______ vanilla flavor.a. portableb. inventivec. instantd. subtle15. Dad’s most ______ quality is his ability to make small talk with people he doesn’t know.a. interactingb. endearingc. standardd. squillo Directions: Use the words from the box to complete sentences 16 to 23. Each is used one time.16. Since the _______________ of the new college administration, the school has increasedenrollments by 50 percent.17. If you wish to take up meditation you need to have some _______________ in maintainingsilence for short periods.18. As we drove through the Canadian prairies, I realized how flat the _______________ wasbecause we could see for miles and miles.19. The new nightclub has a(n) _______________ design with lots of bright lights and largewindows.20. Next week we will _______________ to camp out in the wilderness with only the most basicequipment and supplies.21. The Mars rovers have made several _______________ discoveries since they beganexploration.22. Tony and Tina had a _______________ discussion about how many guests to invite to theirwedding.23. The seminar was very _______________ but it was interesting and informative.B. Grammar24. The convicted criminal made a threat ______ the judge as he handed down his sentence.a. tob. ofc. withd. on25. I had to take my cousin ______ me to the amusement park because my mom made me.a. onb. overc. tod. with26. Cynthia had a creative solution ______ cutting down her monthly electricity bill.a. withb. forc. ofd. in27. After ______ the kitchen, Rosa decided to make herself a cup of tea.a. cleaned upb. cleaning upc. cleans upd. clean up28. Hardly ever ______ people get to see how electronics are manufactured and distributed.a. doneb. doingc. dod. does29. ______ should I have dated Brian; he was a terrible boyfriend!a. Everb. No soonerc. Hardlyd. Never30. ______ had I sat down to drink coffee when suddenly I heard a loud bang coming from thekitchen.a. Seldomb. No soonerc. Neverd. Not only31. Athletes for the Olympic track and field competition can run faster and jump ______ theaverage person.a. higher thanb. more highc. highd. higher32. I know ______ French, but my friend Karl is more fluent.a. lessb. a littlec. betterd. worse33. Erika is much ______ endearing than her older sister Alysha.a. less thanb. lessc. littled. a little34. Lisa has never been to the U.S., ______?a. has sheb. have shec. is shed. does she35. Wayne should try to study harder for his exams, ______?a. wouldn’t heb. would hec. should hed. shouldn’t he36. My Spanish teacher called on me to ______ the vocabulary list to the entire class.a. read outb. reading outc. reads outd. to read out37. I wish we ______ outside enjoying the sunshine.a. isb. werec. would bed. was38. John wishes all his friends ______ to college in the U.K. just like him.a. could have goneb. could havec. couldd. couldn’t have gone39. I wish you ______ calling me while I’m studying for my exams.a. won’t keepb. wouldn’t be keepingc. wouldn’t keepd. would40. A: “I’ll call you later this afternoon!”B: She said she ______ call me later this afternoon.a. has beenb. toc. shouldd. would41. A: “They’re buying a cake at the bakery.”B: He told me they ______ buying a cake at the bakery.a. will beb. would bec. wered. was42. A: “I hate being stuck in traffic!”B: He ______ hates being stuck in traffic.a. told meb. told to mec. said to med. said that heC. Reading Comprehension(A)Directions: Read the following excerpt from Box Office Bombs and answer the questions that follow.Kevin’s Costly MisstepsThe 1990s were a strange time for Kevin Costner. He enjoyed unparalleled successes followed by major failures. At the beginning of the decade, he won seven Oscars for his epic western, Dances with Wolves, which he starred in and directed. Five years later came Waterworld. Set in an age when the polar ice caps have melted and most of the world is submerged, this fantasy film was the most expensive movie ever made at the time. The odd thing about Waterworld is that, while it is often cited as a film that lost millions of dollars, it actually turned a profit – eventually. Still, it was nominated for four Golden Raspberries – the awards for bad movies – and won two. Two years later, in 1997, Costner did even better (or, rather, worse) by winning a record five Razzies for The Postman.Cat-astrophic FailureThere are some films that are so awful that even their own stars are embarrassed to be associated with them. Catwoman falls into this category. Stepping up to accept her Razzie for worst actress in 2005, Halle Barry thanked the film company for putting her in an appalling movie. “It was just what my career needed,” she added, sarcastically. Berry’s joke was understandable – she had won the Oscar for best actress just four years earlier.43. When did Kevin Costner enjoy the most fame?a. Early 90s.b. Late 90s.c. Only in 1995.d. Only in 1997.44. According to the excerpt how many awards (good or bad) did Costner win in the 90s?a. 7.b. 14.c. 16.d. 17.45. How was Halle Barry sarcastic about her Golden Raspberry win?a. She made a joke about the Golden Raspberries.b. She expressed gratitude for her Oscar.c. She expressed appreciation for her role.d. No information is given.46. The word appalling is closest in meaning to which of the following?a. Polar.b. Epic.c. Embarrassed.d. Terrible.(B)Directions: Read the following excerpt from Communication Breakdown: Major Advertising Failures and answer the questions that follow.Mistaken IdentityWhat brand of batteries do you use in your TV remote control? Without looking, you probably don’t have a clue, right? The battery brand Energizer found out the hard way that a catchy ad campaign doesn’t necessarily tr anslate into a boost to sales when it failed to capitalize on a hugely popular series of commercials starting in the 1980s. At the time, the leading brand was Duracell, which had used a drum-playing rabbit called the Duracell Bunny as its mascot since the early 1970s. Seeing a chance to cash in on the back of this character, Energizer created its own Energizer Bunny which was shown outlasting Duracell’s bunny. There was not much to differentiate Energizer’s rabbit from Duracell’s (they gave him a pair of sh ades to make him look cooler), but the commercials were a hit with consumers, due in part to the light-hearted mocking of a competitor. The problem was, while everyone recognized the bunny and the campaign, hardly anyone knew which company was behind it. In fact, a study showed that 40 percent of people thought the Energizer ads were for Duracell. Furthermore, despite the popularity of the commercials, Energizer sales actually dropped.47. According to the excerpt what prompted Energizer to create the ads?a. It wanted to create a unique bunny.b. It wanted to make fun of itself.c. It wanted to make fun of its competitor.d. It wanted to create an international campaign.48. What problem or problems did Energizer encounter?a. People loved the ads but hated the product.b. People loved the ads but could recall the product.c. People felt bad that they copied the Duracell bunny.d. People were turned off by the bunny’s shades.49. What did the study mentioned in the excerpt show?a. Sales increased for Duracell.b. Sales declined for Duracell.c. Sales remained steady for Energizer.d. Sales fell for Energizer.50. Which of the following is closest in meaning to mascot?a. representativeb. campaignc. competitord. shades。
中国高考英语试卷及答案
第一部分：听力理解（共25小题，每小题2分，满分50分）Section A（共15小题）1. How does the man feel about the weather today?2. What is the woman's favorite sport?3. What is the main topic of the conversation?4. Where does the man usually have lunch?5. Why does the woman think the man is late?6. What is the man planning to do this weekend?7. How does the woman prefer to travel?8. What is the man's opinion about online shopping?9. Why does the woman need to take the medicine?10. What is the man's suggestion for the woman's diet?11. How does the woman feel about the new policy?12. What is the man's main concern about the project?13. Why does the woman think it's important to learn a second language?14. What is the man's reason for choosing this university?15. How does the woman usually deal with stress?Section B（共10小题）Passage One16. What is the main purpose of the passage?17. According to the passage, what is the most common cause of headaches?18. How can one prevent headaches according to the passage?19. What is the advice given for people who have frequent headaches?Passage Two20. What is the passage mainly about?21. Why is exercise important for children according to the speaker?22. What are some of the activities recommended for children to stay active?23. How does exercise affect a child's academic performance?Passage Three24. What is the passage mainly discussing?25. According to the passage, what are the benefits of using solar energy?第二部分：阅读理解（共25小题，每小题2分，满分50分）Section A（共10小题）26-30. Read the following passage and answer the questions.The Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives. It offers numerous benefits, such as easy access to information, communication, and entertainment. However, it also brings challenges, including privacy concerns and the spread of misinformation. This essay discusses the positive and negative impacts of the Internet.26. What is the main topic of the passage?27. According to the passage, what are some of the benefits of the Internet?28. What challenges does the Internet bring?29. What is the author's opinion about the Internet?30. What is the main purpose of the essay?Section B（共15小题）31-45. Read the following passage and answer the questions.The following is an excerpt from a novel by Jane Austen.31. What is the main conflict in the excerpt?32. Who is the protagonist in this excerpt?33. What is the author's tone in this passage?34. What is the main theme of the novel?35. What is the significance of the setting in this excerpt?36. How does the character of Mr. Darcy contribute to the plot?37. What is the author's use of irony in this passage?38. What is the main purpose of this excerpt?39. How does the author develop the character of Elizabeth Bennet?40. What is the relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy?41. What is the significance of the ball in this excerpt?42. How does the author use foreshadowing in this passage?43. What is the author's portrayal of the social class during this period?44. What is the main conflict in the novel?45. How does the author use language to create a sense of suspense?第三部分：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）Read the following passage and choose the best word for each blank.46. The movie industry is a ___________ that has a significant impact on ___________ and culture.47. ___________ of new technologies has changed the way we watch films.48. The first cinema was opened in Paris in ___________.49. The rise of streaming services has ___________ the traditional movie theater.50. Many ___________ prefer the convenience of watching movies at home.51. ___________ is still an important part of the movie industry.52. The production of movies involves ___________ from all over the world.53. ___________ have played a crucial role in the success of many films.54. ___________ have become more popular due to their ability to reach a global audience.55. ___________ is a key factor in the success of a film.56. ___________ the film's plot is interesting, the acting can also make or break a movie.57. ___________ have made it easier for people to watch movies online.58. ___________ is a great way to discover new films.59. ___________ is an important part of the movie industry.60. ___________ has changed the way we experience films.第四部分：短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）61. The boy _________ went to the store and bought some groceries_________.62. She _________ had a lot of work to do, so she _________ couldn't go to the party.63. The teacher _________ said that the students _________ had to hand in their homework by the end of the day.64. He _________ thought that he _________ was going to pass the exam.65. The movie was so good _________ that I _________ couldn't stop talking about it the next day.66. She _________ has been working on her project for weeks and_________ is still not finished.67. The book _________ was recommended by the teacher _________ is very interesting.68. The plane _________ was scheduled to leave at 9:00 AM _________ actually left at 10:00 AM.69. If _________ you had studied harder, you _________ would have passed the exam.70. The restaurant _________ was famous for its delicious food _________ was closed down last year.第五部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）Section A（15分）Write an email to your friend in a different city, describing your favorite local restaurant and why you like it. Include details about the food, the atmosphere, and your personal experiences.Section B（20分）Write an essay on the topic "The Importance of Environmental Protection." You should discuss the current challenges faced by the environment, the impact of human activities, and what individuals and governments can do to address these issues.。
大学英语泛读教程4(第三版)自测Reading Master 3_Test Bank_Unit 04
Unit 4 When the Curtain FallsA. VocabularyDirections: Use the words from the box to complete sentences 1 to 6. Each is used one time.1. The _______________ of the moon is filled with craters and grey cosmic dust.2. From its _______________, the business has expanded to more than 50 stores nationwide.3. The football match was a(n) _______________ since the final score was 10 to zero.4. The government introduced a new _______________ tax law which would allow citizens tokeep more money in their pockets.5. The _______________ took to the streets and began throwing rocks at businesses anddamaging street signs.6. The meeting was very _______________ and in the end nothing was resolved.7. Before going to the party, Amanda ______ her new dress to her mom.a. acted outb. got acrossc. put ind. showed off8. As the famous actress ______ of her limousine, she smiled and waved to the adoring crowd.a. read outb. stepped outc. showed offd. acted out9. Professor White ______ his point about students being late for class by locking the door.a. showed offb. got acrossc. acted outd. put in10. Many Hollywood movies these days use the latest technology for special effects so they oftenhave huge ______.a. budgetsb. scriptsc. locationsd. camerasB. Grammar11. This quiz is quite easy, ______?a. don’t youb. aren’t theyc. is itd. isn’t it12. They tried their hardest to attend our wedding, ______?a. d on’t theyb. didn’t theyc. do theyd. aren’t they13. Teresa will be on her best behavior during the performance, ______?a. isn’t sheb. won’t shec. will shed. would she14. Maria has never been to an NBA basketball game, ______?a. has sheb. have shec. is shed. does she15. Gloria should try to study harder for her exams, ______?a. wouldn’t sheb. would shec. should shed. shouldn’t she16. A good way to practice pronunciation is by ______ words to yourself.a. read outb. reading outc. reads outd. to read outC. Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following excerpt from Give Me the Gossip: TMZ Brings Entertainment Fans the Latest Celebrity Scandals and answer the questions that follow.In 2009, the mainstream media was not quite sure what to make of the report that Michael Jackson had passed away, with many networks refusing to go public with the news for several hours after TMZ had broken the story. Major news providers like CNN pointed out that they have stricter controls when it comes to verifying stories, which means there is a necessarily longer delay before they can go on air, but TMZ’s managing editor Harry Levin says his team is just quicker to the punch. “We put it up when we were 100% positive,” he says of the article on the Web site that announced the megastar’s death. TMZ was also first to get its hands on the coroner’s report, which revealed that prescription drugs had been the cause of Jackson’s death.17. According to the excerpt, why did the mainstream media not report the death of MichaelJackson right away?a. They needed to follow rules.b. They were afraid.c. They didn’t know he died.d. They knew it was a false story.18. What is TMZ famous for?a. inventing storiesb. reporting deathsc. reporting before everyone elsed. All of the above.19. Who was the first to report MJ’s cause of death?a. CNNb. many networksc. TMZd. Jackson’s family20. The word verify is closest in meaning to which of the following?a. point outb. announcec. reveald. confirm。
专八英语阅读
英语专业八级考试TEM-8阅读理解练习册（1）(英语专业2012级)UNIT 1Text AEvery minute of every day, what ecologist生态学家James Carlton calls a global ―conveyor belt‖, redistributes ocean organisms生物.It’s planetwide biological disruption生物的破坏that scientists have barely begun to understand.Dr. Carlton —an oceanographer at Williams College in Williamstown,Mass.—explains that, at any given moment, ―There are several thousand marine species traveling… in the ballast water of ships.‖ These creatures move from coastal waters where they fit into the local web of life to places where some of them could tear that web apart. This is the larger dimension of the infamous无耻的，邪恶的invasion of fish-destroying, pipe-clogging zebra mussels有斑马纹的贻贝.Such voracious贪婪的invaders at least make their presence known. What concerns Carlton and his fellow marine ecologists is the lack of knowledge about the hundreds of alien invaders that quietly enter coastal waters around the world every day. Many of them probably just die out. Some benignly亲切地，仁慈地—or even beneficially — join the local scene. But some will make trouble.In one sense, this is an old story. Organisms have ridden ships for centuries. They have clung to hulls and come along with cargo. What’s new is the scale and speed of the migrations made possible by the massive volume of ship-ballast water压载水— taken in to provide ship stability—continuously moving around the world…Ships load up with ballast water and its inhabitants in coastal waters of one port and dump the ballast in another port that may be thousands of kilometers away. A single load can run to hundreds of gallons. Some larger ships take on as much as 40 million gallons. The creatures that come along tend to be in their larva free-floating stage. When discharged排出in alien waters they can mature into crabs, jellyfish水母, slugs鼻涕虫，蛞蝓, and many other forms.Since the problem involves coastal species, simply banning ballast dumps in coastal waters would, in theory, solve it. Coastal organisms in ballast water that is flushed into midocean would not survive. Such a ban has worked for North American Inland Waterway. But it would be hard to enforce it worldwide. Heating ballast water or straining it should also halt the species spread. But before any such worldwide regulations were imposed, scientists would need a clearer view of what is going on.The continuous shuffling洗牌of marine organisms has changed the biology of the sea on a global scale. It can have devastating effects as in the case of the American comb jellyfish that recently invaded the Black Sea. It has destroyed that sea’s anchovy鳀鱼fishery by eating anchovy eggs. It may soon spread to western and northern European waters.The maritime nations that created the biological ―conveyor belt‖ should support a coordinated international effort to find out what is going on and what should be done about it. (456 words)1.According to Dr. Carlton, ocean organism‟s are_______.A.being moved to new environmentsB.destroying the planetC.succumbing to the zebra musselD.developing alien characteristics2.Oceanographers海洋学家are concerned because_________.A.their knowledge of this phenomenon is limitedB.they believe the oceans are dyingC.they fear an invasion from outer-spaceD.they have identified thousands of alien webs3.According to marine ecologists, transplanted marinespecies____________.A.may upset the ecosystems of coastal watersB.are all compatible with one anotherC.can only survive in their home watersD.sometimes disrupt shipping lanes4.The identified cause of the problem is_______.A.the rapidity with which larvae matureB. a common practice of the shipping industryC. a centuries old speciesD.the world wide movement of ocean currents5.The article suggests that a solution to the problem__________.A.is unlikely to be identifiedB.must precede further researchC.is hypothetically假设地，假想地easyD.will limit global shippingText BNew …Endangered‟ List Targets Many US RiversIt is hard to think of a major natural resource or pollution issue in North America today that does not affect rivers.Farm chemical runoff残渣, industrial waste, urban storm sewers, sewage treatment, mining, logging, grazing放牧,military bases, residential and business development, hydropower水力发电,loss of wetlands. The list goes on.Legislation like the Clean Water Act and Wild and Scenic Rivers Act have provided some protection, but threats continue.The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported yesterday that an assessment of 642,000 miles of rivers and streams showed 34 percent in less than good condition. In a major study of the Clean Water Act, the Natural Resources Defense Council last fall reported that poison runoff impairs损害more than 125,000 miles of rivers.More recently, the NRDC and Izaak Walton League warned that pollution and loss of wetlands—made worse by last year’s flooding—is degrading恶化the Mississippi River ecosystem.On Tuesday, the conservation group保护组织American Rivers issued its annual list of 10 ―endangered‖ and 20 ―threatened‖ rivers in 32 states, the District of Colombia, and Canada.At the top of the list is the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River, whereCanadian mining firms plan to build a 74-acre英亩reservoir水库，蓄水池as part of a gold mine less than three miles from Yellowstone National Park. The reservoir would hold the runoff from the sulfuric acid 硫酸used to extract gold from crushed rock.―In the event this tailings pond failed, the impact to th e greater Yellowstone ecosystem would be cataclysmic大变动的，灾难性的and the damage irreversible不可逆转的.‖ Sen. Max Baucus of Montana, chairman of the Environment and Public Works Committee, wrote to Noranda Minerals Inc., an owner of the ― New World Mine‖.Last fall, an EPA official expressed concern about the mine and its potential impact, especially the plastic-lined storage reservoir. ― I am unaware of any studies evaluating how a tailings pond尾矿池，残渣池could be maintained to ensure its structural integrity forev er,‖ said Stephen Hoffman, chief of the EPA’s Mining Waste Section. ―It is my opinion that underwater disposal of tailings at New World may present a potentially significant threat to human health and the environment.‖The results of an environmental-impact statement, now being drafted by the Forest Service and Montana Department of State Lands, could determine the mine’s future…In its recent proposal to reauthorize the Clean Water Act, the Clinton administration noted ―dramatically improved water quality since 1972,‖ when the act was passed. But it also reported that 30 percent of riverscontinue to be degraded, mainly by silt泥沙and nutrients from farm and urban runoff, combined sewer overflows, and municipal sewage城市污水. Bottom sediments沉积物are contaminated污染in more than 1,000 waterways, the administration reported in releasing its proposal in January. Between 60 and 80 percent of riparian corridors (riverbank lands) have been degraded.As with endangered species and their habitats in forests and deserts, the complexity of ecosystems is seen in rivers and the effects of development----beyond the obvious threats of industrial pollution, municipal waste, and in-stream diversions改道to slake消除the thirst of new communities in dry regions like the Southwes t…While there are many political hurdles障碍ahead, reauthorization of the Clean Water Act this year holds promise for US rivers. Rep. Norm Mineta of California, who chairs the House Committee overseeing the bill, calls it ―probably the most important env ironmental legislation this Congress will enact.‖ (553 words)6.According to the passage, the Clean Water Act______.A.has been ineffectiveB.will definitely be renewedC.has never been evaluatedD.was enacted some 30 years ago7.“Endangered” rivers are _________.A.catalogued annuallyB.less polluted than ―threatened rivers‖C.caused by floodingD.adjacent to large cities8.The “cataclysmic” event referred to in paragraph eight would be__________.A. fortuitous偶然的，意外的B. adventitious外加的，偶然的C. catastrophicD. precarious不稳定的，危险的9. The owners of the New World Mine appear to be______.A. ecologically aware of the impact of miningB. determined to construct a safe tailings pondC. indifferent to the concerns voiced by the EPAD. willing to relocate operations10. The passage conveys the impression that_______.A. Canadians are disinterested in natural resourcesB. private and public environmental groups aboundC. river banks are erodingD. the majority of US rivers are in poor conditionText CA classic series of experiments to determine the effects ofoverpopulation on communities of rats was reported in February of 1962 in an article in Scientific American. The experiments were conducted by a psychologist, John B. Calhoun and his associates. In each of these experiments, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure and given an adequate supply of food, water, and other necessities. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. He and his associates then carefully observed and recorded behavior in these overpopulated communities. At the end of their experiments, Calhoun and his associates were able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding.The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density: They showed deviant异常的maternal behavior; they did not behave as mother rats normally do. In fact, many of the pups幼兽，幼崽, as rat babies are called, died as a result of poor maternal care. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups,and, without their mothers' care, the pups died. Under normal conditions, a mother rat would not leave her pups alone to die. However, the experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered pathologically 病理上，病理学地diseased.The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by overpopulation. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. The fact that the dominant males had adequate space in which to live may explain why they were not as seriously affected by overpopulation as the other rats. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male,female, and immature rats. This deviant behavior showed that even though the dominant males had enough living space, they too were affected by the general overcrowding in the enclosure.Non-dominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely; they moved very little and ate and drank at times when the other rats were sleeping in order to avoid contact with them. Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing other rats and fighting each other. This segment of the rat population, likeall the other parts, was affected by the overpopulation.The behavior of the non-dominant males and of the other components of the rat population has parallels in human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior similar to that of the rats in Calhoun's experiments. In large urban areas such as New York City, London, Mexican City, and Cairo, there are abandoned children. There are cruel, powerful individuals, both men and women. There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. The quantity of other forms of social pathology such as murder, rape, and robbery also frequently occur in densely populated human communities. Is the principal cause of these disorders overpopulation? Calhoun’s experiments suggest that it might be. In any case, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments.11. Paragraph l is organized according to__________.A. reasonsB. descriptionC. examplesD. definition12．Calhoun stabilized the rat population_________.A. when it was double the number that could live in the enclosure without stressB. by removing young ratsC. at a constant number of adult rats in the enclosureD. all of the above are correct13.W hich of the following inferences CANNOT be made from theinformation inPara. 1?A. Calhoun's experiment is still considered important today.B. Overpopulation causes pathological behavior in rat populations.C. Stress does not occur in rat communities unless there is overcrowding.D. Calhoun had experimented with rats before.14. Which of the following behavior didn‟t happen in this experiment?A. All the male rats exhibited pathological behavior.B. Mother rats abandoned their pups.C. Female rats showed deviant maternal behavior.D. Mother rats left their rat babies alone.15. The main idea of the paragraph three is that __________.A. dominant males had adequate living spaceB. dominant males were not as seriously affected by overcrowding as the otherratsC. dominant males attacked weaker ratsD. the strongest males are always able to adapt to bad conditionsText DThe first mention of slavery in the statutes法令，法规of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660—some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us, that the status of B lack people down to the 1660’s was that of servants. A critique批判of the Handlins’ interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanation for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of white servants was improving relative to that of black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately demonstrate that t he White servant’s position was improving, during and after the 1660’s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins’ interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660’s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this shouldnot overshadow evidence from the 1630’s on that points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins’ argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.The possibility has important ramifications后果，影响.If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harsher treatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America—such as a Roman conception of slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality— explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lack of something. A more compelling令人信服的explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed. (462 words)16. Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawn from the passage about the effects of “several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures” (Para.2) passed during and after the 1660‟s?A. The acts negatively affected the pre-1660’s position of Black as wellas of White servants.B. The acts had the effect of impairing rather than improving theposition of White servants relative to what it had been before the 1660’s.C. The acts had a different effect on the position of white servants thandid many of the acts passed during this time by the legislatures of other colonies.D. The acts, at the very least, caused the position of White servants toremain no better than it had been before the 1660’s.17. With which of the following statements regarding the status ofBlack people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660‟s would the author be LEAST likely to agree?A. Although black people were not legally considered to be slaves,they were often called slaves.B. Although subject to some discrimination, black people had a higherlegal status than they did after the 1660’s.C. Although sometimes subject to lifetime servitude, black peoplewere not legally considered to be slaves.D. Although often not treated the same as White people, black people,like many white people, possessed the legal status of servants.18. According to the passage, the Handlins have argued which of thefollowing about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?A. Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneously.B. Racial prejudice most often the form of the imposition of inheritedstatus, one of the attributes of slavery.C. The source of racial prejudice was the institution of slavery.D. Because of the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, racialprejudice sometimes did not result in slavery.19. The passage suggests that the existence of a Roman conception ofslavery in Spanish and Portuguese colonies had the effect of _________.A. extending rather than causing racial prejudice in these coloniesB. hastening the legalization of slavery in these colonies.C. mitigating some of the conditions of slavery for black people in these coloniesD. delaying the introduction of slavery into the English colonies20. The author considers the explanation put forward by Freyre andTannenbaum for the treatment accorded B lack slaves in the English colonies of North America to be _____________.A. ambitious but misguidedB. valid有根据的but limitedC. popular but suspectD. anachronistic过时的，时代错误的and controversialUNIT 2Text AThe sea lay like an unbroken mirror all around the pine-girt, lonely shores of Orr’s Island. Tall, kingly spruce s wore their regal王室的crowns of cones high in air, sparkling with diamonds of clear exuded gum流出的树胶; vast old hemlocks铁杉of primeval原始的growth stood darkling in their forest shadows, their branches hung with long hoary moss久远的青苔;while feathery larches羽毛般的落叶松,turned to brilliant gold by autumn frosts, lighted up the darker shadows of the evergreens. It was one of those hazy朦胧的, calm, dissolving days of Indian summer, when everything is so quiet that the fainest kiss of the wave on the beach can be heard, and white clouds seem to faint into the blue of the sky, and soft swathing一长条bands of violet vapor make all earth look dreamy, and give to the sharp, clear-cut outlines of the northern landscape all those mysteries of light and shade which impart such tenderness to Italian scenery.The funeral was over,--- the tread鞋底的花纹/ 踏of many feet, bearing the heavy burden of two broken lives, had been to the lonely graveyard, and had come back again,--- each footstep lighter and more unconstrained不受拘束的as each one went his way from the great old tragedy of Death to the common cheerful of Life.The solemn black clock stood swaying with its eternal ―tick-tock, tick-tock,‖ in the kitchen of the brown house on Orr’s Island. There was there that sense of a stillness that can be felt,---such as settles down on a dwelling住处when any of its inmates have passed through its doors for the last time, to go whence they shall not return. The best room was shut up and darkened, with only so much light as could fall through a little heart-shaped hole in the window-shutter,---for except on solemn visits, or prayer-meetings or weddings, or funerals, that room formed no part of the daily family scenery.The kitchen was clean and ample, hearth灶台, and oven on one side, and rows of old-fashioned splint-bottomed chairs against the wall. A table scoured to snowy whiteness, and a little work-stand whereon lay the Bible, the Missionary Herald, and the Weekly Christian Mirror, before named, formed the principal furniture. One feature, however, must not be forgotten, ---a great sea-chest水手用的储物箱,which had been the companion of Zephaniah through all the countries of the earth. Old, and battered破旧的，磨损的, and unsightly难看的it looked, yet report said that there was good store within which men for the most part respect more than anything else; and, indeed it proved often when a deed of grace was to be done--- when a woman was suddenly made a widow in a coast gale大风，狂风, or a fishing-smack小渔船was run down in the fogs off the banks, leaving in some neighboring cottage a family of orphans,---in all such cases, the opening of this sea-chest was an event of good omen 预兆to the bereaved丧亲者;for Zephaniah had a large heart and a large hand, and was apt有…的倾向to take it out full of silver dollars when once it went in. So the ark of the covenant约柜could not have been looked on with more reverence崇敬than the neighbours usually showed to Captain Pennel’s sea-chest.1. The author describes Orr‟s Island in a(n)______way.A.emotionally appealing, imaginativeB.rational, logically preciseC.factually detailed, objectiveD.vague, uncertain2.According to the passage, the “best room”_____.A.has its many windows boarded upB.has had the furniture removedC.is used only on formal and ceremonious occasionsD.is the busiest room in the house3.From the description of the kitchen we can infer that thehouse belongs to people who_____.A.never have guestsB.like modern appliancesC.are probably religiousD.dislike housework4.The passage implies that_______.A.few people attended the funeralB.fishing is a secure vocationC.the island is densely populatedD.the house belonged to the deceased5.From the description of Zephaniah we can see thathe_________.A.was physically a very big manB.preferred the lonely life of a sailorC.always stayed at homeD.was frugal and saved a lotText BBasic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country' s impressive population growth. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase. The depression of the 1930s and the war had held back marriages, and the catching-up process began after 1945. The baby boom continued through the decade of the 1950s, producing a population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956. This rate of increase had been exceeded only once before in Canada's history, in the decade before 1911 when the prairies were being settled. Undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950s supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families; In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one of the highest in the world. After the peak year of 1957, thebirth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966 it stood at the lowest level in 25 years. Partly this decline reflected the low level of births during the depression and the war, but it was also caused by changes in Canadian society. Young people were staying at school longer, more women were working; young married couples were buying automobiles or houses before starting families; rising living standards were cutting down the size of families. It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through theWestern world since the time of the Industrial Revolution. Although the growth in Canada’s population had slowed down by 1966 (the cent), another increase in the first half of the 1960s was only nine percent), another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.6. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Educational changes in Canadian society.B. Canada during the Second World War.C. Population trends in postwar Canada.D. Standards of living in Canada.7. According to the passage, when did Canada's baby boom begin?A. In the decade after 1911.B. After 1945.C. During the depression of the 1930s.D. In 1966.8. The author suggests that in Canada during the 1950s____________.A. the urban population decreased rapidlyB. fewer people marriedC. economic conditions were poorD. the birth rate was very high9. When was the birth rate in Canada at its lowest postwar level?A. 1966.B. 1957.C. 1956.D. 1951.10. The author mentions all of the following as causes of declines inpopulation growth after 1957 EXCEPT_________________.A. people being better educatedB. people getting married earlierC. better standards of livingD. couples buying houses11.I t can be inferred from the passage that before the IndustrialRevolution_______________.A. families were largerB. population statistics were unreliableC. the population grew steadilyD. economic conditions were badText CI was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit punchy强力的but still champ焦急as fast as I was concerned.Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry责难what they see as outside forces running roughshod肆意践踏over the old Harlem. New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching抓取，攫取at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem---the New York Amsterdam News---when a tourist。
某某英文摘抄作文素材
某某英文摘抄作文素材英文：In search of suitable material, I came across an excerpt from a piece of writing by an author named X. The excerpt encapsulates a profound observation about human nature and societal dynamics. It delves into the complexities of human emotions and interactions, offering a rich tapestry of ideas to explore.The passage begins with a poignant reflection on the transient nature of happiness. The author asserts that happiness is like a fleeting shadow, here one moment and gone the next. This resonates deeply with me as I reflect on my own experiences. For instance, I remember a time when I achieved a long-awaited goal and felt an immense surge of joy. However, that joy was short-lived, soon replaced by a sense of emptiness as I realized that the attainment ofthat goal did not bring the lasting satisfaction I had anticipated.Furthermore, the excerpt delves into the intricacies of human relationships. It highlights how misunderstandings and miscommunications often sow seeds of discord among individuals. One particular instance that comes to mind is a disagreement I had with a close friend. Our failure to effectively communicate our perspectives resulted in a rift between us, emphasizing the importance of clear and open dialogue in fostering healthy relationships.Moreover, the passage touches upon the theme of resilience in the face of adversity. It suggests that true strength lies not in avoiding hardships, but in confronting them head-on and emerging stronger as a result. This reminds me of a personal anecdote where I faced a major setback in my career. Instead of succumbing to despair, I chose to confront the challenge with determination and perseverance, ultimately emerging from the experience with newfound resilience and resolve.In conclusion, the excerpt from X's writing offers profound insights into the complexities of human nature andsocietal dynamics. Its exploration of happiness, relationships, and resilience resonates deeply with me, prompting introspection and reflection on my own experiences.中文：寻找合适的素材时，我偶然发现了一篇作者名为X的文章摘录。
小学生摘抄新闻2024年30字及感受作文
小学生摘抄新闻2024年30字及感受作文As a primary school student in 2024, I have been assigned to write a 30-word excerpt from a news article and share my thoughts on it. This exercise has given me a glimpse into the world of current events and how they impact our lives.作为2024年的小学生，老师让我们摘抄一则30字的新闻报道，并分享对此的感受。
这个练习让我初步了解了现实世界的新闻事件如何影响我们的生活。
The news article I chose to excerpt from talks about a major breakthrough in renewable energy technology that promises to revolutionize how we power our homes and cities. It's exciting to see how science and innovation can make a positive impact on the environment.我选择摘抄的新闻报道谈到了可再生能源技术的重大突破，这一突破有望彻底改变我们给家庭和城市供电的方式。
看到科学和创新如何对环境产生积极影响，让人感到兴奋。
This news has made me realize the importance of sustainability and the urgent need to address climate change. As a young student, Ifeel a sense of responsibility to learn more about environmental issues and contribute to a greener future for our planet.这则新闻让我意识到可持续发展的重要性以及迫切需要解决气候变化的问题。
优美的英文文章摘抄
优美的英文文章摘抄**优美的英文文章摘抄****一、关于梦想**I once read an article that said, "Dreams are like stars in the sky. They seem so far away, yet they guide us through the darkness of life." For example, my friend Tom always dreamed of becoming a famous painter. He was just an ordinary guy from a small town, but his dream was as big as the sky. He often said, "If I don't chase my star, I'll be lost in this dull world forever." Every time he picked up his paintbrush, it was like he was reaching for one of those distant stars. And look at him now! He's showing his paintings in galleries. Isn't it amazing how a dream can change a person's life?**二、友谊的珍贵**Friendship is a treasure chest full of surprises. There was this piece I came across that described it so beautifully. "True friends are the sunshine on a cloudy day, the warm fire on a cold night." Take my two friends, Lucy and Lily. They've been friends since childhood. One time, Lucy lost her job and was feeling really down. Lily didn't just say some empty words. She showed up at Lucy'sdoor with a big box of her favorite chocolates and a plan to help her find a new job. It was like Lily was the sunshine that peeked through Lucy's dark clouds. "You don't need to be sad," Lily said. "We're in this together." That's what real friendship is all about, right?**三、大自然的魅力**Nature is like a master artist's canvas. An article I read compared it to a never - ending symphony. "The rustling of leaves in the wind is the soft whisper of the forest, and the crashing of waves on the shore is the powerful roar of the ocean." When I went camping last year, I really experienced this. I lay in my tent at night, listening to the sounds outside. It was as if nature was having a conversation with me. The crickets were like the little musicians, playing their unique tunes. I thought to myself, "How can anyone not be in awe of such a wonderful creation?"**四、爱的力量**Love is a magic potion that can transform the world. I remember reading an excerpt that said, "Love is not just a feeling; it's an action, a commitment, like building a bridge between twoislands." My grandparents are a perfect example. They've been married for over 50 years. Through all the tough times, they supported each other. My grandpa was sick once, and my grandma took care of him day and night. She didn't complain. It was like she was using the power of love to build a bridge over the difficulties. "I love you, and that's all that matters," she would say. It makes me wonder, how strong can love really be?**五、阅读的乐趣**Reading is like opening a door to a thousand different worlds. In an article, it was put this way: "Each book is a key that unlocks a new adventure, a new perspective." I have a book club with some friends. One of them, Mark, was always into action movies and didn't care much for reading. But one day, we convinced him to read a science - fiction book. He was hesitant at first, but once he started, he was hooked. "It's like I'm traveling to another galaxy," he said. He now reads more books than any of us. Isn't it incredible how a simple book can open such a big world?**六、面对困难**Facing difficulties is like climbing a steep mountain. There wasan article that said, "The higher the mountain, the greater the view at the top, and the stronger you become on the way up." I thought about my own experience when I was trying to learn a new language. It was so hard at first. The grammar was like a maze, and the new words were like little monsters hiding everywhere. But I didn't give up. I kept climbing. And now, when I can communicate in that language, it's like I'm standing on top of that mountain, looking at a beautiful view. "Was it worth it?" I ask myself. "Definitely!"**七、童年的回忆**Childhood memories are like precious jewels hidden in a box. I read an article that painted a vivid picture. "Those days of running in the fields, chasing butterflies, were like a beautiful dream we can never fully relive but will always cherish." I often talk to my mom about my childhood. She tells me stories of when I was little. One time, I got lost in a big park while chasing a colorful kite. I was so scared, but when my mom found me, she hugged me tight. "Those were the days," she said with a smile. "Even the scares were part of the beauty." It makes me realize how valuable those childhoodmemories are.**八、音乐的魔力**Music is the language of the soul. An article described it as a river that flows through our hearts. "A good song can be like a warm hug on a lonely day, or a spark that lights up a dull moment." I remember going to a concert with my sister. The moment the music started, it was as if we were transported to another world. The singer's voice was like a magic spell. My sister turned to me and said, "This is like a dream come true." Music has the power to touch us deeply, doesn't it?**九、成长的过程**Growth is like a journey on a winding road. I once read, "Every turn, every bump is a lesson, a step towards becoming a better version of ourselves." My cousin, Jack, is a great example. He used to be really shy and afraid of public speaking. But he joined a debating club. At first, he made a lot of mistakes and felt embarrassed. But he kept going. Now he can stand in front of a large audience and speak confidently. "It was a long and sometimes painful journey," he said. "But I'm glad I took it." Itshows that growth doesn't come easy, but it's always worth it.**十、希望的重要性**Hope is like a lighthouse in the stormy sea. There was an article that said, "When all seems lost, hope is the tiny light that guides us back to safety." In my community, there was a family that faced a lot of hardships. Their house burned down, and they lost almost everything. But they didn't lose hope. They started to rebuild with the help of neighbors. The father of the family said, "As long as we have hope, we can start over." It made me think that hope is truly a powerful force. It can keep us going even in the darkest of times.In conclusion, these beautiful English articles and their examples show that language can be a powerful tool to describe the beauty, the challenges, and the joys of life. They make us feel, think, and appreciate the world around us more deeply.。
有中文的英语报纸摘抄作文
有中文的英语报纸摘抄作文Certainly! Here's a sample essay based on an excerpt from a Chinese-English newspaper:---。
In recent years, the rapid development of China's economy has attracted widespread attention globally. As a major player in the international arena, China's economic policies and trends have significant implications for the world economy. A recent article from a Chinese-English newspaper highlights some key aspects of China's economic growth and its impact on global markets.One of the central themes of the article is China's continued efforts to promote innovation and technological advancement. With initiatives such as "Made in China 2025" and increased investment in research and development, China aims to transition from being the world's factory to becoming a hub of innovation. This shift is crucial notonly for sustaining China's own economic growth but alsofor fostering global competitiveness.Moreover, the article discusses China's evolving role in global trade and investment. As the world's largest exporter and second-largest importer, China plays a vital role in shaping global trade patterns. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), for instance, is a testament to China's commitment to enhancing connectivity and cooperation among countries through infrastructure development and trade facilitation. By promoting economic integration and connectivity, China aims to create new opportunities for growth and development, both domestically and internationally.Furthermore, the article highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with China's economic rise. On one hand, China's rapid expansion has led to concerns about overcapacity, debt levels, and environmental degradation. These issues pose risks not only to China's own economy but also to global stability. On the other hand, China's growing middle class and consumer market present immenseopportunities for businesses worldwide. Companies that can effectively tap into this market stand to benefit greatly from China's economic growth.In addition, the article touches upon China's efforts to address income inequality and promote sustainable development. With initiatives aimed at reducing poverty, improving social welfare, and transitioning to a greener economy, China is striving to achieve more inclusive and environmentally sustainable growth. These efforts are not only important for China's long-term development but also for addressing global challenges such as climate change and poverty alleviation.Overall, the article provides valuable insights into China's economic trajectory and its implications for the global economy. As China continues to pursue reforms and opening-up policies, it will undoubtedly shape the future of global economic governance and contribute to greater prosperity and stability worldwide.。
英美文化欣赏
英美文化欣赏一．连线题1. Shakespeare：The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Hamlet《哈姆雷特》Othello《奥赛罗》King Lear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克白》2. Alexender PopeAn Essay on Criticism《批评论》3. Jonathan SwiftGulliver’s Travels《格列佛游记》4. William WordsworthLyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 《云中漫步》5. Jane AustenPride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》Emma 《爱玛》6. Charlotte BrontëJane Eyre《简·爱》7. Emily BrontëWuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》8. George EliotThe Mill on the Floss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》9. Thomas HardyTess of the D’Urbervilles, a Pure Woman Faithfully Portrayed《德伯家的苔丝》10. Nathaniel HawthorneThe Scarlet Letter 《红字》The House of the Seven Gables 《带有七个尖角阁的房子》The Goodman Brown11. Herman MelvilleMoby DickBilly Budd12. Emily DickinsonBecause I could not stop for DeathI Died for Beauty13. Mark TwainThe Adventures of Tom SawyerThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn14. Theodore DreiserSister Carrie《嘉丽妹妹》An American Tragedy《美国的悲剧》15. Ernest HemingwayThe Sun Also Rises 《太阳照样升起》For Whom the Bell Tolls 《丧钟为谁而鸣》Farewell to Arms 《永别了,武器》The old man and sea《老人与海》Green Hills of Afria 《非洲的青山》16.Robert Burns:A Red Red Rose二．诗歌1、Shall I compare thee to a Summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And Summer’s lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimm’d;But thy eternal Summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’stNor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal line to time thou grow’st.So long as men can breath or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee让我如何来把你比作夏天你比夏天还要可爱，而且柔软暴风的五月摧残了鲜嫩的蓓蕾夏天那无情的赁期，又实在是太短有时候太阳的照耀又会太烈，而且那辉煌的面孔也难免乌云的遮掩；每一种美丽，都会有衰谢的一天或者由于无常，或者因为自然。
中文书 Dostoevski 来自地下的笔记
中文书 Dostoevski 来自地下的笔记《地下室手记》不仅是陀思妥耶夫斯基的代表作，也预视了他后来5本重要的长篇小说：《罪与罚》(1866)、《白痴》、《群魔》、《少年》、《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》。
本书也被认为是陀思妥耶夫斯基创作过程中的一个转折点，与之前的穷人、被侮辱与被损害的、死屋手记等充满了人道主义同情的作品相比，之后的作品哲学意味更浓，更富于思辨性。
正是从本书开始，陀氏的历史哲学、神学、宗教哲学等开始陆续在其作品中得到反映。
Notes from Underground, also translated as Notes from the Underground or Letters from the Underworld, is an 1864 novella by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Notes is considered by many to be the first existentialist novel. It presents itself as an excerpt from the rambling memoirs of a bitter, isolated, unnamed narrator (generally referred to by critics as the Underground Man) who is a retired civil servant living in St. Petersburg. The first part of the story is told in monologue form, or the underground man's diary, and attacks emerging Western philosophy, especially Nikolay Chernyshevsky's What Is to Be Done?. The second part of the book is called "Àpropos of the Wet Snow", and describes certain events that, it seems, aredestroying and sometimes renewing the underground man, who acts as a first person, unreliable narrator.费奥多尔·米哈伊洛维奇·陀思妥耶夫斯基是19世纪群星灿烂的俄国文坛上一颗耀眼的明星，与列夫·托尔斯泰、屠格涅夫等人齐名，是俄国文学的卓越代表，他所走过的是一条极为艰辛、复杂的生活与创作道路，是俄国文学史上最复杂、最矛盾的作家之一。