ielts writing vacabulary
雅思写作精选高级词汇
Selected Advanced Vocabulary for IELTS Writing一、教育类1.adapt oneself to the development of使自己适应…的发展2.scope of knowledge知识面3.narrow the gap between缩小了…的鸿沟4.lighten the burden of减轻了…的负担prehensive knowledge广博的知识6.long-distance education远程教育7.enrich the teaching method丰富教育手段8. teaching methodology教学方法9. schooling学校教育10. upbringing、parenting、upbringing家庭教育11. instill high moral values(注意：value用作复数表示价值观)灌输高尚的道德观12.impart\inculcate knowledge传授知识13.multi-media teaching多媒体教学14.solid professional working experience扎实的职业工作经验15.vocational education职业教育16.down-to-earth, practical切合实际的17.stress-related illness与压力有关的疾病18.enjoy equal rights享有平等权利19.receive education接受教育20.thought-provoking引人深思的21.enlightening予以人启迪的22.far-reaching深远的23.never-ending永不停息的24.perplexing令人困惑的25.overwhelming压倒一切的26.the cultural diversity文化的多元性27.insightful富有洞察力的, 有深刻见解的28.exchange experience交流经验29.undertake the due obligations承担责任34.face possible pressure and competition迎接可能的压力和竞争35.Be easily taken in by容易受到某人或某事的欺骗36.exam-oriented education应试教育37.knowledge-intensive知识密集型的；labor-intensive劳动密集型的cation for all-round development全面发展教育39.have quick and easy access to something更快地接触到…东西40.develop our creative mind培养我们创造性思维41.fake diploma假文凭42.embracing the knowledge economy age拥抱知识经济时代43.renew knowledge革新知识44.people-oriented以人为本的;profit-oriented以盈利为目的的45.system of education教育体制(compulsory education义务教育,quality education素质教育,student-oriented education以学生为主体的教育)46.keep skills fresh and up-to-date使得技能可以与时俱进47.widen one’s knowledge拓展知识面48.enrich one’s social and life experience丰富了社会和生活阅历49.realize the value of life实现生命价值50.grasp good communication skills掌握良好的交流技能51.remove misunderstanding and discrimination消除误解和歧视52.improve cultural integration and globalization促进了文化的融合和文化全球化53.cultivate a strong sense of responsibility培养了强烈的责任感54.promote social skills and competence提高了社会能力和竞争力55.make contribution to society对社会做出贡献56.cultivate logical thinking培养逻辑思维（46-56可用做教育的好处、作用、影响）57.cross-cultural communication跨文化交流60.rote learning、learn things by rote死记硬背61.concentrate one’s attention on关注…62.cultivate，foster，nurture培养63.promote the student’s physical, mental \intellectual and emotional development促进学生身心发展三、环境与动物保护1.ecosystem\ecological system 生态系统2.cological balance\equilibrium生态平衡3.sustainable development可持续发展4.biodiversity生物的多样性5.environmentalists\conservationists环保主义者animal right activists动物权益保护主义者6.environmentally-friendly（adj.）对环境无害的7.conservation节约8.recycle\reuse (v.) 再利用9.advocate the management of resources倡导资源管理10.benefit from从中受益11.enhance\elevate\raise the public awareness of … 增强公众的……意识12.put forward valuable suggestions提出宝贵建议13.play a major role in easing … 在缓解……上扮演了重要角色14.shortage\scarcity\dearth\lack（n.）短缺15.participate in the reconstruction of the city参与城市重建16.raise the environmental management level提高环境管理水平17.create a pleasant ecological environment创造出一种和谐的生态环境18.give priority to优先关注19.catch much attention引起很大关注20.deforestation (n.)砍伐森林forestation project造林工程afforested areas; greening space绿化面积forest coverage森林覆盖率wind breaks防风林sand breaks防沙林21.greenhouse effect、global warming温室效应22.discharge effluent\sewage 排放污水23.non-biodegradable garbage、wastes that can not decompose or break down、inorganic trash白色污染产生的垃圾throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags可降解一次性塑料袋24.infertile soil贫瘠的土壤25.fertile soil肥沃的土壤26.arable land 、farmland 耕地27.pollute\contaminate (v.) 污染28.poisonous\toxic (adj.) 有毒的29.renewable resources可再生资源30.non-renewable resources不可再生资源31.consume\deplete (v.)消耗(某种资源)e up\exhaust （v.）用尽(某种资源)33.harsh measures\actions严厉措施34.condemn rather than condone sth.谴责而不是纵容35.resource allocation资源配置36.perfect the construction of urban infrastructure完善城市基础设施建设37.reduce the number of vehicles减少车辆38.implement strict vehicle emission standards制定严格的汽车排放标准39.reduce waste减少浪费40.eliminate poverty and backwardness消除贫穷与落后41.prevent and control pollution预防和控制污染42.reinforce the conservation of water and soil加强水土保护43.keep ecological balance维护生态平衡44.adopt environmental protection technique采取环保技术45.create a healthy cultural environment创造出一种更加健康的文化氛围46.strengthen the regulation and monitoring加强监督和管理47.enhance the governmental intrusion加大政府干预性措施48.promote legislative regulations促进立法管理49.establish and perfect the social security system建立和完善社会的安全体系50.give special care to给某人或某物特别的关照51.map out (work out) a blueprint of …制定出…的发展蓝图52.impose some restrictions on对…实施限制53.increase the inputs in …加大对…的投入54.arouse people’s awareness of唤醒人们的…意识55.take some preventive (remedial) measures采取一些预防（补救）措施56.enforce on-the-spot penalties采取立即惩罚性措施57.play the role of media充分的发挥媒体的作用58.take proper guidance and support采取恰当的引导和支持59.impose heavier penalty on对…实施严格的惩罚60.set down effective laws制定积极有效的法律61.urban planning 城市规划62.result in shortage of energy and natural resources导致了能源和自然资源的短缺63.break the ecological balance破坏了生态的平衡64.be harmful to our physical and mental health对我们的身心健康有害65.contaminate the environment污染环境66.promote the sustainable development of the city促进城市的可持续性发展67.greenhouse effect温室效应68.strengthen pollution control加强污染控制69.popularize environmental protection knowledge普及环保知识70.burning迫在眉睫的71.environmental degradation环境恶化72.at the cost of environment以环境污染为代价73.uncontrolled urbanization城市化失控74.motor vehicle exhaust、car emission汽车尾气排放75.exhaust purifier尾气净化器76.urban refuse城市垃圾77.protect …from overexploitation防止过度开发78.conservation of water and soil水土保持79.lead-free gasoline无铅汽油80.gas-fueled vehicles天然气汽车81.cell-driven vehicles; battery cars电动汽车bat desertification防治荒漠化83.curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control治理环境污染84.industrial solid wastes工业固体废物anic pollutions有机污染物86.environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture生态农业87.water resource conservation zone水资源保护区88.slow down the rate of resource degradation降低资源消耗率89.develop renewable resources开发可再生资源90.establish nature reserve建立自然保护区91.endangered wildlife濒危野生动物92.medical research医学研究93.cruel\merciless\inhuman\callous\brutal残忍的94.vivisection活体解剖95.ease\alleviate\relieve animals’ pain减轻动物的痛苦96.pets are their masters’ companions宠物是主人的伙伴97.afford their masters consolation and comfort给主人心理安慰六、文化与旅游1.tourist attractions、tourist spots、places of interest旅游景点2.maitain、protect、preserve(v.)保护3.forefathers、ancestors祖先4.descendants后代5.ethnic minorities少数民族6.the harmony between ethnic groups/races民族团结7.cultural diversity文化融合8.interaction互相影响9.cultural diversity文化多元性10.insular/provincial/parochial mentality狭隘的观念11.deprecate/denigrate/minimize the importance of贬低12. push back/expand one’s vision/ horizons开阔眼界13.promote cultural communication促进文化交流14.draw/attract/appeal to/ be a magnet for sb.吸引15.first-hand experience亲身体验second-hand experience/vicarious experience间接体验16.multi-sensory多种感官体验的17.conflict冲突18.discord/dissension争端19.isolate the tourist from the locals把游客和当地人隔离mercialize商业化21.cultural heritage文化遗产22.the Internet will not render tourism obsoletes互联网不会让旅游业过时十、社会类1. urbanization 城市化2. centralization 集中化3.imbalance 不平衡4.in the long run 从长远角度而言5.infrastructure 基础设施6.booming 繁荣发展的7.tertiary industry 第三产业8.tranquility 宁静9.revenue 税收mercialization 商业化11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤12.water scarcity 水短缺13.the environmental pollution 环境污染14.over-industrialization 过度工业化15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤16.unemployment 失业17.wealth distribution 财富分配18.social instability 社会动荡19.urban construction 城市建设20.population explosion 人口激增21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病26.high cost of living 高额生活费用27.pastoral life 田园生活28.class polarization 阶级两极分化29.social welfare 社会福利30.give special care to … 给予…特殊关照31.urban sprawl 城市扩张32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上…36.melting pot 熔炉37.on the brink of … 处于…边缘38.pollutant 污染性物质39.waste disposal 废物处理40.put the blame on … 归咎于…41.be attributable to … 归因为…42.ways of consumption 消费方式43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失44.citizen 居民45.be confronted with… 面临着…46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪47.vicious cycle 恶性循环48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施49.g ive priority to … 优先考虑…50.city plan 城市规划。
IELTS writting vocabulary
科技类1.advanced science 尖端科学2.scientific invention 科学发明3.exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响4.double-edged sword 双刃剑5.earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变6.pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路y a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础8.energy crisis 能源危机9.depletion of resources 能源消耗estone 里程碑11.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备12.technical innovation 科技创新13.expediency 权宜之计14.antithetical 与…背道而驰的15.over-commercialized 过渡商业化的16.a heated discussion 热烈的讨论17.exhaust gas 废气18.disastrous 灾难性的19.overshadow 使…相形见绌pared to/with…与…相比her in 引领22.speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适23.opposite forces 负面影响24.a fatal breakdown 致命故障25.potential hazards 潜在危险26.pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁27.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展28.accelerate 加速…29.means of transportation 交通方式30.transportation tools 交通工具31.social status 社会地位32.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源33.make people’s life easier 使人们生活更方便34.alternative fuel 可替代燃料35.sustainable development 可持续性发展36.scientific exploration 科学探索37.air travel 航空旅行38.ridiculous 可笑的39.absurd 荒唐的40.substitute 取代41.overcome difficulties 克服困难42.make progress 取得进步43.a sense of national pride 民族自豪感44.unprecedented 前所未有的45.soaring 不断上升的46.give a great push to the economic growth 极大地推动了经济发展47.see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展48.aggravate 使恶化49.optimize 优化50.cure-all solution 万能良药文化类二1.cultural diversity 文化多元化2.cultural treasures 文化宝藏3.cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流4.cultural reconstruction 文化重建5.spiritual civilization 精神文明6.heritage 遗产7.achievements of art 艺术成就8.tear down 拆除9.humane historical sites 人文历史遗址10.preserve the cultural relics 保护文化遗产11.blueprint 蓝图12.skyscraper 摩天大楼13.high-rise office buildings 高层写字楼14.city construction 城市建设15.well-structured 结构良好的16.crystallization 结晶17.visual enjoyment 视觉享受18.driving force 驱动力19.reconstruct? 重建20.destruct?? 破坏21.architectural industry 建筑工业22.map out 制定出23.city designing 城市设计24.beautify our life 美化我们的生活25.human civilization 人类文明26.cradle of culture 文化摇篮27.mainstream culture 主流文化28.cultural traditions 文化传统29.national pride 民族自豪30.local customs and practices 风土人情31.attract people’s eyes 吸引人们的眼球32.artistic taste 艺术品味33.cornerstone 基石34.be closely interrelated with…与…有密切关系35.adhere to the tradition 坚持传统36.architectural vandalism 破坏建筑行为37.carry forward …弘扬…38.cultural needs 文化需求39.reputation 声望40.maintain the world peace 维护世界和平41.artistic reflection 艺术反映42.give publicity to…宣传…43.burden 负担44.cause irreversible damage 造成不可逆转的损失45.national identity and value 民族特性和价值观46.remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏见和误解47.symbol 象征48.artistic standards 艺术水准49.enjoy great popularity 广受欢迎50.cultural devolution 文化退化文化类一1.cultural insights 文化视角2.learn about the would 了解世界3.a thrilling experience 一种令人激动的经历4.abstract 抽象的5.concrete 具体的6.move somebody to tears 使…感动落泪7.get relaxed and entertained 得到放松和娱乐8.venue 场所9.has its value 有其自己价值10.inspiration 灵感11.scope of knowledge 知识面12.spread knowledge 传播知识sting artistic works 永恒的艺术作品14.abstruse 深奥的15.break with old customs 抛弃传统16.carry down from generation to generation 代代相传17.advocate the new lifestyle. 倡导新的生活方式18.entertainment 娱乐19.be different from …与…不同20.direct experience 直接经验21.echo 共识22.satiate people’s psychological demands 满足心理需求23.attach more importance to …更重视…24.spiritual enhancement 精神升华25.a mirror of …是…的一面镜子26.determinant 决定性因素27.eclipse 使…相形见绌28.contribute to …有助于…29.a sense of cool and satisfaction 一种惬意的感觉30.pastimes 消遣方式31.nurture imagination 培养想象力32.meditation 沉思33.an essence of immortality 永恒的精髓34.instructive 有启发性的35.edification 熏陶36.arouse one’s curiosity about something 引发某人对某事的好奇心37.enrich one’s knowledge 丰富某人知识38.value of knowledge 知识的价值39.cultural differences 文化差异性40.time is fleeting and art is long 时光飞逝，艺术永恒社会类1.???? urbanization 城市化2.???? centralization 集中化3.???? imbalance 不平衡4.???? in the long run 从长远角度而言5.???? infrastructure 基础设施6.???? booming 繁荣发展的7.???? tertiary industry 第三产业8.???? tranquility 宁静9.???? revenue 税收10.? commercialization 商业化11.? traffic congestion 交通拥挤12.? water scarcity 水短缺13.? the environmental pollution 环境污染14.? over-industrialization 过度工业化15.? over-crowdedness 过度拥挤16.? unemployment 失业17.? wealth distribution 财富分配18.? social instability 社会动荡19.? urban construction 城市建设20.? population explosion 人口激增21.? a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升22.? drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗23.? offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会24.? a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活25.? stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病26.? high cost of living 高额生活费用27.? pastoral life 田园生活28.? class polarization 阶级两极分化29.? social welfare 社会福利30.? give special care to …给予…特殊关照31.? urban sprawl 城市扩张32.? convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具33.? better medical services 更好的医疗服务34.? pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力35.? be vulnerable to …易于患上…36.? melting pot 熔炉37.? on the brink of …处于…边缘38.? pollutant 污染性物质39.? waste disposal 废物处理40.? put the blame on …归咎于…41.? be attributable to …归因为…42.? ways of consumption 消费方式43.? suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失44.? citizen 居民45.? be confronted with…面临着…46.? breed crimes 滋生犯罪47.? vicious cycle 恶性循环48.? a feasible measure 一种可行的措施49.? give priority to …优先考虑…50.city planners 城市规划者动物保护类1.???? vivisection 活体解剖2.????perform. experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验3.???? test animals 用于实验的动物4.???? be subjected to experiments 被迫接受试验5.???? animal rights 动物权利6.???? clinical research 临床研究7.???? cruel 残忍的8.???? extremist 极端主义者9.???? medical research 医学研究10.? origin of species 物种起源11.? alternative method 替代的方法12.? biological diversity 生物多样性13.? natural balance 自然平衡14.? equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡15.? coexistence 共存16.? endangered animals 濒危动物17.? diversity of species 物种多样性18.? shameless 令人羞愧的19.? barbaric 野蛮的20.? live and let live 活着就是与万物共存21.? meaningless 没有意义的22.? dominant species 优势物种23.? laboratory 实验室24.? vaccine 疫苗25.? infringement 践踏26.? right to live 生存权27.? torture 折磨28.? anti-science 反科学的29.? life-threatening diseases 危及生命的疾病30.? scientific gains 科学成果31.? an ever-lasting theme 一个永恒的主题32.? evolution 进化33.? computer simulation 电脑模拟34.? groundless 没有理由的35.? humane 人道的36.? medical technology 医疗技术37.? anatomy 解剖38.? equal 公平的39.? unreliable 不可信赖的40.valid 有效的、正当的????工作类1.???? ambitious 雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的2.???? adaptability 适应性3.???? adapt oneself to …使自己适应…4.???? prosperity 繁荣5.???? be disadvantageous to …对…不利6.???? flow of personnel 人才流动7.???? mechanism of personnel flow 人才流动机制8.???? survival of the fittest 适者生存9.???? a sense of accomplishment 成就感10.? potentiality 潜能11.? learn to cooperate and comprise 学习合作和妥协12.? be deeply impressed with …对…印象很深13.? company philosophy 企业文化14.? flexibility 灵活性15.? competitive 竞争激烈的16.? arena 舞台17.? team-work spirit 团队合作精神18.? treasure opportunity 珍惜机会19.? a fat salary 收入颇丰20.? a harmonious interpersonal relationship 和谐的人际关系21.? a sense of responsibility 责任感22.? material gains 物质待遇23.? promising future 光明的前途24.? bright prospect 光明的前景25.? a challenging job 一份具有挑战性的工作26.? turning point 转折点27.? be closely related to …与…息息相关28.? get advanced in the society 出人头地29.? a decent job 一份体面的工作30.? chance of promotion升迁机会31.? stability and satisfaction 稳定感和满足感32.? keep skills fresh and up-to-date 使技能可以不断更新33.? expand one’s horizon 开阔视野34.? balance work and life 平衡工作和生活35.? from-nine-to-five 朝九晚五一族36.? shoulder/undertake one’s responsibility 承担起自己的责任37.? upgrade oneself 提升自我38.? a well-paid job 高收入工作39.? creative work 创造性工作40.? stand up to / meet the challenge 迎接挑战41.? realize the value of life 实现人生价值42.? enrich one’s social experience 丰富一个人的社会阅历43.? cultivate one’s independence and toughness 培养自己的独立性和坚韧性44.? seek for personal development 追求个人发展45.? display one’s talent 展示才能46.? a sense of self-fulfillment 自我实现感47.? promotion opportunity 提升机会48.? meet one’s personalized needs 满足某人个性化需求49.? define one’s role 确定自己的角色50.? social recognition 社会认可51.? accumulate experience 获取经验52.? inspiring 鼓舞人心的53.? motivation 动机54.? workaholic 工作狂55.? working environment 工作环境56.? work overtime 加班57.? improve one’s capabilities 提高某人能力58.? develop one’s talents 培养才智59.? ideal workplace 理想工作场所60.? master interpersonal skills 掌握人际交往技能交通类1.???? automobile industry 汽车工业2.???? boost the economic development 促进经济发展3.???? levy the tax 征税4.???? modernization 现代化5.???? be viewed as …被视为是…6.???? be concerned about …对…担忧/关注…7.???? pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料8.???? luxury 奢侈品9.???? chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒10.? fill…with …使…充斥着11.? popularization of cars 汽车普及12.? lay more emphasis on…把重心放在…13.? observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则14.? break traffic regulations 违反交通规则15.? get struck in traffic 遇上堵车16.? rush hour 上下班高峰时间17.? ease the traffic pressure 缓解交通压力18.? pedestrian 行人19.? pavement 人行道20.? zebra crossing 斑马线21.?overspeed超速行驶22.? bottleneck 交通堵塞地区23.? settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律24.? impose restrictions on …对…实施限制25.? short-sighted 目光短浅的26.? non-renewable resources 不可再生资源27.? carbon dioxide 二氧化碳28.? a pillar industry 支柱产业29.? make full use of …充分利用30.? road networks 公路网31.? speed limits 限速32.? enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量33.? pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价34.? promote the development of relative industries 促进相关产业发展35.? traffic engineering 交通运输工程36.? the number of car ownership 汽车拥有量37.? call for …需要…38.? overcrowded 过度拥挤的39.? violator 违规者40.? headache 令人头痛的事41.? traffic accidents 交通事故42.? head-way 进展43.? conflict with …与…相冲突44.? major cause 主要原因45.? be replaced by …被…所取代46.? provide convenience for …为…提供便利47.? curb…限制…48.? dilemma 进退两难49.?encourage? somebody to do something鼓励某人去做某事50.energy-saving 节能的????媒体类1.???? paparazzi 狗仔队2.???? mass media 大众媒体3.???? entertainment 娱乐4.???? journalism 新闻业5.???? journal 期刊6.???? the latest news 最新消息7.???? exclusive news 独家新闻8.???? news agency 新闻社9.???? news blockout新闻封锁10.? news censorship 新闻审查11.? freedom of the press 新闻自由12.? coverage 新闻报道13.? do reportage on …报导…14.? hit the headlines 上头条15.? issue 出版、发行16.? newsstand 报摊17.? free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人18.? chief editor 总编19.? editorial 社论20.? newsworthy 值得报道的21.? barometer 晴雨表22.? the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表23.? live broadcast 直播24.? quiz show 智力竞争节目25.? game show 游戏节目26.? variety show 综合节目27.? talk show 脱口秀28.? sitcom 情景喜剧29.? soap opera 肥皂剧30.? movie star 电影明星31.? movie king 影帝32.? movie queen 影后33.? affair 绯闻34.? celebrity 名人35.? fame 名声36.? rise to fame 声名鹊起37.? fan 粉丝38.? invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私39.? misleading 误导性的40.? cheating 欺骗性的41.? popularity 知名度42.? scandal 丑闻43.? sensational 轰动的44.? prevalent 普遍的、流行的45.? imperative 重要的、必要的46.? audience ratings 收视率47.? propaganda 宣传48.? be abducted by 受…诱导49.? purify one’s soul 净化心灵50.? live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中51.? be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨大安慰52.? meet different tastes 满足不同口味53.? provide somebody with something 给…提供…54.? follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚55.? commit crimes 犯罪56.? be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想象的57.? impressive 给人印象深刻的58.? right to know 知情权59.? in the disguise of …打着…的幌子60.? endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定和安全??媒体类二1.???? information era 信息时代2.???? keep one informed about something 使人们了解…3.???? audience/viewers 观众4.???? have unhealthy and harmful effects on…对…有不良影响5.???? information-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会6.???? influential 有影响的7.???? revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底改变了我们获取信息的方式8.???? blessing 福9.???? curse 祸10.? various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节目11.? poor-quality programs 低质量节目12.? ever-accelerated 不断发展的13.? exaggerate 夸张14.? enjoyable 令人享受的15.? fashionable 时尚的16.? electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射17.? psychological illnesses 心理疾病18.? isolated 孤僻的19.? unimaginative 缺乏想象力的20.? unsociable 不好社交的21.? deprive somebody of one’s imagination and creativity 使…丧失了想象力和创造力22.? jeopardize one’s health 危害健康23.? be exposed to…了解到…接触到…24.? find its way into every family 进入千家万户25.? global village 地球村26.? be indulged in…沉溺于…27.? be addicted to …对…上瘾28.? be fascinated by …被…所吸引29.? be dependent on …依赖…30.? second-hand information 二手信息31.? go astray 误入歧途32.? embark on the criminal road 走上犯罪道路33.? irresistible 无法抵制的34.? hallmark 标志35.? create topics of discussion 制造交谈话题36.? critical thinking 批判性思维37.? powerful means of communication 有力的交流工具38.? main cause 主因39.? tempting 有诱惑力的40.? reliable 可靠的41.? family attachment 家庭归属感42.? mutual understanding 相互了解43.? alienation of affection 感情疏远44.? be sick of …对…厌倦45.? generation gap 代沟46.? exchanges of feelings 感情交流47.? emotional bond 感情纽带48.? strengthen family ties 加强家庭纽带关系49.? be detached from reality 与现实隔绝50.? distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非51.? edifying 有教育意义的52.? couch potato 电视迷53.? be harmful to …对…有害54.? imitate 模仿55.? inexpressible 难以形容的56.? physical and mental health 身心健康57.? stimulate one’s imagination and creativity 激发某人想象力和创造力58.?unwholesome lifestyle. 不健康的生活方式59.? a great deal of information 大量的信息60.? disinteresting 令人索然无味的。
IELTS vocabulary
List of Words Used in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 1List of Words Used in LongmanDictionary of Contemporary EnglishThis is a list of the words that have been used for all the explanations and examples in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, except those words in SMALL CAPITAL letters.Aa art. 一；任一；每一ability 力；能力，本领，性能；能力，智能，才能，才干；性能able 能；有能力的；能干的-able [附在动词或名词后构成形容词] 表示：；“能…的,会…的”about prep. 关于；大约adj. 四处走动的；在起作用的；在附近的adv. 大约；到处；周围n. 大致；粗枝大叶；不拘小节的人above prep. 在……上面；在……之上；超过adv. 在上面；在上文adj. 上文的n. 上文abroad adv. 到海外；在国外adj. 往国外的n. 异国；海外absence n. 缺席；缺乏；没有；不注意(absence of mind心不在焉，精神不集中，漫不经心)absent adj.缺席的；缺少的；心不在焉的；茫然的abundant adj.大量的；有很多的；充足的，充裕的:丰富的，富饶的，富裕的，多产的(in，with)accept vt. 接受；承认；承担；承兑；容纳vi. 同意；承认；承兑accident n. 事故；意外；意外事件；机遇accommodation n. 调节；住处，膳宿；和解；预订铺位accordance n. 一致；和谐according adj. 相符的adv. 依照according to 根据，按照；取决于；据…所说account n.帐目，帐单；理由；帐户；解释vi. 报帐；解释；导致vt. 认为；把…视为accustom v.使习惯于accustom to 使习惯；使习惯于；使养成…的习惯ache v.疼痛；渴望n.疼痛acid n. 酸；迷幻药adj. 酸的；讽刺的；刻薄的across prep. 穿过；横穿adv. 在对面；横过act vt. 扮演；装作，举动像vi. 行动；扮演，充当；起作用，见效；假装，演戏；表现，举止action n. 行动；活动；功能；情节；战斗active adj. 主动的；有效的；积极的；活跃的；现役的n. 主动语态；积极分子activity n. 活动；活跃；行动actor,actress 演员,行动者actual adj. 真实的，实际的；现行的，目前的add vi. 加；增加；加起来；做加法vt. 增加，添加；补充说；计算…总和n. 加法，加法运算addition n. 添加；增加物；加法address vt. 写姓名地址；向…致辞；演说；从事；忙于n. 地址；演讲；致辞；说话的技巧adjective adj. 形容词的；从属的n. 形容词admiration n. 钦佩；羡慕；赞美；赞赏admire vt.钦佩；赞美admit vt. 承认；准许进入；可容纳vi. 承认；容许advance vt. 预付；提出；使……前进；将……提前vi. 前进；进展；上涨n. 前进；预付款；发展；增长advantage n. 优势；利益；有利条件vi. 获利vt. 有利于；使处于优势adventure n.冒险；冒险精神；投机活动adverb n. 副词adj. 副词的advertize vt. 做广告，登广告；通知vi. 做广告advice n. 通知；忠告；建议；劝告advise vt. 劝告，忠告；通知；警告；建议vi. 建议；与…商量affair(s) n. 事情；事务；私事；（尤指关系不长久的）风流韵事afford vt. 给予，提供；买得起afraid adj. 害怕的；担心的；恐怕after adv. 后来，以后prep. 在……之后conj. 在……之后adj. 以后的afternoon n. 午后，下午afterwards adv. 然后；后来again adv. 再一次；又，此外against prep. 反对，违反；靠；倚；防备adj. 对立的；不利的age n.年龄；时代；阶段；寿命，使用年限ago adv. 以前，以往adj. 过去的；以前的agree vt. 同意；赞成；承认vi. 同意；意见一致ahead adj. 向前；在前的；领先；adv. 向前的；领先的aim vt. 把…对准；目的在于；引导vi. 对准目标；打算n. 目标；对准；目的air n.空气，大气；曲调；天空；样子-al adj. 表示“…的，关于…的”，如unequal（形容词）；表示“动作，过程，状态”，如recital （名词）alcohol (ic) n. 酒精，乙醇alike adj. 相同的；相似的adv. 以同样的方式；类似于alive adj. 活着的；活泼的；有生气的all adj. 全部的adv. 越发；全然地all right 好；顺利；正确的allow vt. 允许；认可；给予vi. 容许；考虑almost adv. 差不多，几乎alone adj. 单独的；孤独的；独自的adv. 独自地；单独地along adv. 向前；一起；来到prep. 沿着；顺着aloud adv. 大声地；出声地alphabet n. 字母表，字母系统；入门，初步already adv. 已经，早已；先前also adv. 也；同样；而且conj. 并且；另外although conj. 虽然，尽管altogether adv. 总而言之；完全地；总共n. 整个always adv. 总是；永远，一直；常常among prep. 在…中间；在…之中amongst prep. 在…之中；在…当中（等于among）amount n. 数量；总额，总数amuse vt. 使发笑；消遣；娱乐；使愉快amusing adj.有趣的，好玩的；引人发笑的an art. 一-an-ance[附于动词后构成名词或由-ant 结尾的形容词化出名词]表示：“行动”,“行为”,“过程”：performance, utterance“性质”,“状况”：annoyance, importance, vigilance“程度”,“总量”：conductance, transmittance inheritance“物件”：contrivance, conveyance[一个以-ance 结尾的词,可能含有上述义项中的两条或多条]ancient adj. 古代的；古老的，过时的；年老的n. 老人；古代人and conj. 和，与；而且；然后；就；但是anger n. 怒，愤怒；忿怒vt. 使发怒，激怒；恼火vi. 发怒；恼火angle vi. 钓鱼；谋取n. 角度，角angry adj. 生气的；愤怒的；狂暴的；（伤口等）发炎的animal n. 动物adj.动物的，野兽的；ankle n. 踝关节，踝annoy vt. 骚扰；打搅；惹恼vi. 令人讨厌；打搅；惹恼n. 烦恼（等于annoyance）another adj. 另外的；不同的；又一，另一pron. 另一个；又一个prep. 另一个；另一个人answer vt. 符合；回答vi. 符合；回答n. 答案；回答；答辩ant n. 蚂蚁anxiety n. 焦虑；挂念；渴望；令人焦虑的事anxious adj. 渴望的；担忧的；焦虑的；急切的any adj. 任何的；所有的；丝毫pron. 任何；任何一个；若干adv. 稍微；少许anybody pron. 任何人n. 重要人物anyhow adv. 无论如何；不管怎样；总之anyone pron. 任何人；任何一个anythinganywhere adv. 无论何处；在任何地方n. 任何地方apart adv. 分离着；相距；与众不同地adj. 分离的；与众不同的apparatus n. 装置，设备；器官；仪器appear vi. 出现；似乎；显得；[法]出庭appearance n. 外貌，外观；出现，露面apple n. 苹果；家伙appoint vt. 任命；指定；约定vi. 任命；委派approve vt. 批准；赞成；为…提供证据vi. 批准；赞成；满意April n. 四月-ar1. [构成形容词]表示：“…的”：molecular,nuclear“…状的”,“似…的”：triangu lar“有…特性的”：popular2. [构成名词]表示：“…的人”,“…的物”：bursar, scholar, vicar, morta“动作者”[-er或-or的异体]：liar, pedlararch n. 拱门；弓形，拱形adj. 主要的vt. 使…弯成弓形；用拱连接vi. 成为弓形；拱起archway n. 拱道；拱门area n. 面积；区域，地区；范围argue vi. 争论，辩论；提出理由vt. 辩论，争论；说服；证明arise vi. 出现；起立；上升arm n. 手臂；袖子；武器；装备vi. 武装起来vt. 武装；备战armour n. 盔甲；装甲；护面v.为…)提供防御(或保护)；arms n. 武器；纹章；臂（arm的复数）v. 武装；配备（arm的三单形式）army n. 陆军，军队around adv. 到处；大约；在附近prep. 四处；在…周围arrangevt. 排列；安排；整理vi. 安排；排列；协商arrangement(s) n. 准备；布置；整理arrive vi. 到达；成功；出生；达成arrow n. 箭状物；箭头记号；箭，箭头vt. 以箭头指示；箭一般地飞向art n. 艺术；美术；艺术品adj. 艺术的；艺术品的article n. 物品；文章；冠词；条款vt. 订约将…收为学徒或见习生；使…受协议条款的约束vi. 进行控告；签订协议artist n. 艺术家；美术家（尤指画家）；大师as conj. 因为；依照；当…时；随着；虽然prep. 当作；以…的身份；如同adv. 同样地；和…一样的ashamed adj. 惭愧的，感到难为情的；耻于……的ash(es) n. 灰；灰烬aside adv. 在旁边；离开，撇开ask vt. 问，询问；邀请；要求；需要；讨价asleep adj. 睡着的；麻木的；长眠的adv. 进入睡眠状态；熟睡地association n. 协会，联盟，社团；联合；联想at prep. 在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）；向；朝；因为；忙于；以（某种价格、速度等）-ate1. [构成动词]表示：“成为”：evaporate,maturate“使成为”：invalidate,sublimate“形成”,“产生”,“引起”：ulcerate, salivat“装备”,“供应”,“提供”：vaccinate, refrigerate“用…形成”,“使形成”,“使呈…形式”：delineate, triangulate“为…安排”：orchestrate“使与…化合”：oxygenate“以…处理”：aerate2. [构成形容词]表示：“…的”,“和…有关的”,“以…特征的”：collegiate, rose ate“有…的”,“充满…的”：proportionate, passionate“有…形状的”,“像…的”：stellate【生物学】“有…的”,“具有…为特征的”：spatulate, caudate3. [构成形容词,大致相当于以-ed 结尾的过去分词]：animate(animated), determinate (determined)4. [构成名词]表示：“职务”,“职责”,“代理(人)”,“官员”,“统治”,“状况”：episcopate, potentate, directorate“动作涉及的对象(人或物)”,“产物”：legate, mandate“一群人”：electorate【化学】“…酸的盐”,“…酸的酯”：acetate, nitrate, sulphate-ation[构成名词]表示：“动作”,“过程”：alteration,modernization“状态”,“状况”：gratification,occupation“结果”：compilation,realizationatom n. 原子atomic adj. 原子的，原子能的；微粒子的attack n. 攻击；抨击；疾病发作vt. 抨击；攻击；动手干vi. 攻击；腐蚀attempt n. 企图，试图；攻击vt. 企图，试图；尝试attention n. 注意力；关心；立正！（口令）attentive adj. 留意的，注意的attract vt. 吸引；引起vi. 吸引；有吸引力attractive adj. 吸引人的；有魅力的；引人注目的August adj. 威严的；令人敬畏的n. 八月（简写为Aug）aunt n. 伯母；阿姨；舅妈；姑妈autumn n. 秋天；成熟期；渐衰期，凋落期adj. 秋天的，秋季的average n. 平均；平均数；[商]海损adj. 平均的；普通的vt. 算出…的平均数；将…平均分配；使…平衡vi.平均为；呈中间avoid vt. 避免；避开，躲避；消除awake adj. 醒着的away adv. 离去，离开；在远处awkward adj. 笨拙的；尴尬的；棘手的；不合适的axe n.斧Bbaby n. 婴儿，婴孩；孩子气的人vt. 纵容，娇纵；把……当婴儿般对待adj. 婴儿的；幼小的back n. 背部；后面；靠背；足球等的后卫；书报等的末尾adv. 向后地；上溯；以前；来回地background n. 背景；隐蔽的位置vt. 作…的背景adj. 背景的；发布背景材料的backward(s)bacteria (-ium)bad adj. 坏的；严重的；劣质的n. 坏人；坏事adv. 坏地；邪恶地；很，非常bag n. 袋；猎获物bake vt. 烤，烘焙vi. 烘面包；被烤干；受热n. 烘烤食品；烤balance n. 平衡；匀称；余额vt. 使平衡；结算；使相称vi. 保持平衡；相称；抵销ball n. 球；舞会vi. 成团块vt. 捏成球形banana n. 香蕉；喜剧演员；大鹰钩鼻band n. 带；松紧带；传送带；乐队；一帮bank n. 银行；岸；储库；浅滩vt. 将…存入银行；倾斜转弯vi. 堆积；倾斜转弯bar n. 酒吧；条，棒；障碍vt. 禁止；阻拦prep. 除……外barred from 挡住；阻挠，阻止，阻拦bare adj. 空的；赤裸的，无遮蔽的vt. 露出，使赤裸barrel vt. 把……装入桶内n. 桶；枪管，炮管vi. 快速移动base n. 底部；垒；基础vt. 以…作基础basin n. 盆地；盆；水池；流域basket n. 篮子；（篮球比赛的）得分；一篮之量；篮筐；vt. 装入篮bath n. 浴室；沐浴；浴盆bathe vt. 沐浴；用水洗vi. 洗澡；沐浴battle n. 战役；斗争vi. 作战；斗争vt. 与…作战be prep. 在，存在；是beak n. 鸟嘴；鹰钩鼻子；地方执法官；男教师beam n. 横梁；船宽；电波；光线；秤杆vt. 以梁支撑；用…照射；流露；发送vi. 照射；堆满笑容bean n. 豆；[美口]毫无价值的东西vt. [美口]击…的头部bear n. 熊bear vi. 结果实；承受vt. 忍受；具有；支撑beard n. 胡须；颌毛beat vt. 打；打败vi. 打；打败；拍打；有节奏地舒张与收缩beautiful adj. 美丽的[口语]太好了，妙极了!好极了!真棒![用于表示赞叹的语气词][常作反语]非同寻常，不可思议beauty n. 美；美人；美好的东西；美丽because conj. 因为become vi. 变成；变得；成为vt. 适合；相称bed n. 床；基础；河底，海底vt. 使睡觉；安置，嵌入；栽种vi. 分层；上床bee n. 蜜蜂，蜂；勤劳的人beer n. 啤酒vi. 喝啤酒before prep. 在…之前，先于adv. 在前；以前conj. 在…以前；在…之前beg vt. 恳求；乞讨；回避正题vi. 请求；乞讨begin vt. 开始vi. 开始；首先behave vi. 表现；举止端正；（机器等）运转；（事物）起某种作用vt. 使守规矩；使表现得…behaviour n. 行为；习性；运行状况（等于behavior）behind prep. 支持；落后于；晚于adv. 在后地；在原处n. 屁股belief n. 相信，信赖；教义；信仰believe vi. 信任；料想；笃信宗教vt. 相信；认为；信任bell n. 铃，钟；钟声，铃声；钟状物vt. 装钟于，系铃于vi. 鸣钟；成钟状鼓起belong vi. 属于，应归入；适宜；应被放置；居住below adv. 在下面，在较低处；在本页下面prep. 在…下面belt n. 地带；带；腰带bend vt. 使弯曲；使屈服；使致力；使朝向vi. 弯曲，转弯；屈服；专心于；倾向n. 弯曲beneath prep. 在…之下adv. 在下方berry n. 浆果（葡萄，番茄等）vi. 采集浆果beside prep. 在旁边；与…相比；和…无关besides adv. 而且；此外prep. 除…之外best adj. 最好的adv. 最好地better adv. 更多的；更好的；较大程度地adj. 较好的between prep. 在…之间adv. 在中间beyond prep. 超过；越过；在...较远的一边；那一边adv. 在更远处；在远处n. 远处Bible n. 圣经bicycle n. 自行车vi. 骑脚踏车vt. 骑自行车运送big adj. 大的；重要的；量大的adv. 大量地；夸大地；顺利look big 自高自大bill n. 帐单；法案；广告；钞票；票据；清单vt. 宣布；开帐单；用海报宣传bind vi. 装订；结合；过紧；有约束力vt. 装订；约束；绑；包扎；凝固n. 讨厌的事情；捆绑；困境；植物的藤蔓birdbirth n. 出生；血统，出身；起源bit n. 少量vt. 控制adj. 很小的；微不足道的adv. 相当；有点儿v. 咬（bite的过去式和过去分词）bite vt. 咬；刺痛n. 咬；咬伤；一口；刺痛vi. 咬；刺痛bitter adj. 苦的；痛苦的；充满仇恨的；尖刻的black adj. 黑色的；黑人的；邪恶的n. 黑色；黑颜料；黑人vt. 使变黑；把鞋油等涂在…上；把（眼眶）打成青肿vi. 变黑blade n. 刀片，刀锋；叶片；剑blame vt. 责备；归咎于n. 责备；过失；责任bleed vt. 使出血；榨取vi. 流血；渗出；悲痛bless vt. 祝福；保佑；赞美blind adj. 瞎的；盲目的n. 百叶窗；掩饰，借口block n. 块；街区；障碍物；大厦vt. 阻塞；阻止；限制blood n. 血，血液；血统blow n. 吹；殴打；打击vi. 风吹；喘气blue adj. 蓝色的；忧郁的，沮丧的；下流的n. 蓝色be(或fall) in the blues 无精打采；情绪低落；郁郁不乐，闷闷不乐board n. 木板；甲板；膳食；董事会boat n. 小船；轮船vi. 划船body n. 身体；主体；团体；主要部分；大量vt. 赋以形体boil vi. 煮沸，沸腾；激动，激昂vt. 煮沸，烧开；使…激动；使…蒸发bold adj. 大胆的，英勇的；厚颜无耻的；险峻的；黑体的bomb vt. 轰炸，投弹于vi. 轰炸，投弹；失败n. 炸弹bone n. 骨；骨骼；香烟book n. 书籍；帐簿；卷；名册；工作簿vt. 预订；登记boot n. 靴子；汽车行李箱；踢border n. 边界；边境；国界vt. 接近；与…接壤；在…上镶边vi. 接界；近似born v. 出世（bear的过去分词）adj. 天生的borrow vi. 借；借用；从其他语言中引入vt. 借用；借both adj. 两者的；两个的adv. 又；并；两者皆pron. 两者都；双方都conj. 既…且…bottle n. 瓶子；一瓶的容量bottom n. 底部；臀部；末端；尽头bowel n. 肠；内部；同情vt. 将……的肚肠取出bowl n. 碗；木球；大酒杯box n. 箱，盒子；包厢；一拳vi. 拳击boy n. 男孩brain n. 脑袋；头脑，智力vt. 猛击…的头部branch vt. 分支；出现分歧vi. 分支；出现分歧n. 树枝，分枝；分部；支流brass n. 黄铜；黄铜制品；厚脸皮；铜管乐器brave adj. 勇敢的；华丽的bread n. 生计；面包breadth n. 宽度，幅度；宽宏break n. 休息，中断；破裂处vt. 打破，弄破；中断；弄坏；削弱vi. 突变breakfast n. 早餐；早饭breast n. 乳房，胸部；胸怀；心情vt. 以胸对着；与…搏斗breath n. 呼吸，气息；一口气，（呼吸的）一次；微风；瞬间，瞬息；迹象；[语]无声音，气音breathe vi. 呼吸；低语；松口气；（风）轻拂vt. 呼吸；流露；使喘息；低声说breed vi. 繁殖；饲养；产生vt. 繁殖；饲养；养育，教育；引起n. 品种；种类，类型brick n. 砖，砖块；砖形物；[口]心肠好的人be a (regular) brick 可共患难的人；是好汉；好心肠的人bridge n. 桥；桥牌；船桥；桥接器vt. 渡过；架桥bright adj. 明亮的，鲜明的；聪明的；愉快的bring vt. 带来；引起；促使；使某人处于某种情况或境地British adj. 英国的；英国人的；大不列颠的n. 英国人broad adj. 宽的，辽阔的；显著的；大概的n. 宽阔部分adv. 宽阔地broadcast vi. 广播，播送；播放n. 广播；播音；广播节目brother n. 兄弟；战友；同事brown adj. 棕色的，褐色的；太阳晒黑的n. 褐色，棕色brush n. 刷子；画笔；毛笔；争吵vt. 刷；画bucket n. 铲斗；桶，水桶；一桶的量v. 倾盆而下；颠簸着行进Buddhist n. 佛教徒adj. 佛教的-ism [用以构成抽象名词] 表示：“主义”,“学说”,“制度”：Marxism, atomism“状态”：barbarism“特征”,“特性”：heroism,colloquialism“病态”：alcoholism“行为”,“行动”,“结果”：baptism“歧视”：classism,fattism[参较ableism,-ist,-ize]build vt. 建筑；建立vi. 建筑；建造n. 体格；构造；体形bullet n. 子弹；只选某党全部候选人的投票；[美俚]豆子vi. 射出；迅速行进bunch n. 串；群；突出物burn vt. 燃烧；烧毁，灼伤；激起…的愤怒n. 灼伤，烧伤；烙印burst vi. 爆炸；爆发，突发vt. 爆炸；爆发，突发n. 爆发，突发；爆炸bury vt. 埋葬；隐藏bus n. 公共汽车bush n.(丛枝)灌木，(多枝的)矮树busy adj. 忙碌的；热闹的；正被占用的vt. 使忙于but conj. 但是；然而；而是adv. 仅仅，只prep. 除…以外butter n. 黄油；奶油；奉承话button n. [计]按钮；钮扣vt. 扣紧；扣住；在…上装钮扣vi. 扣住；装有钮扣；扣上钮扣buy n. 购买，买卖；所购的物品by prep. 被；经由；在……之前；在附近；依据；通过adv. 经过；通过；附近；[Ccage n. 笼，兽笼；牢房，监狱cake n. 蛋糕；块状物；利益总额calculate vi. 计算；作打算；以为vt. 计算；打算；预测；认为call vi. 呼叫；拜访；叫牌vt. 呼叫；召集；称呼n. 电话；访问；呼叫；要求calm adj. 静的，平静的；沉着的vt. 使平静；使镇定vi. 平静下来；镇定下来n. 风平浪静camel n. 骆驼；打捞浮筒；工作作风官僚adj. 驼色的；暗棕色的vi. 工作刻板平庸camera n. 照相机；摄影机camp vi. 扎营；露营vt. 扎营；使扎营n. 露营can vt. 把食品装罐candle n. 蜡烛；烛光；烛形物vt. 对着光检查cap n. 帽子；盖capital n. 首都，省会；大写字母；资金；资本家captain n. 船长；队长，首领；上尉；海军上校car n. 汽车；车厢card n. 卡片；纸牌；明信片cardboard n. 硬纸板；卡纸板；纸板箱adj. 不真实的；硬纸板制的care n. 照料；忧虑；关怀；谨慎vi. 关心；喜爱；照顾；顾虑vt. 在意；希望或喜欢carriage n. 四轮马车；客车厢；运费；运输；举止carry vt. 拿，扛；搬运；携带；支持vi. 被携带；被搬运；能达到n. 进位；运载；射程cart n. 二轮运货马车case n. 情况；实例；箱castle n. 城堡；国际象棋中的车cat n. 猫；猫科动物catch vt. 赶上；抓住；感染；了解vi. 赶上；抓住cattle n. [总称]牛；家畜；牲畜（骂人的话）；无价值的人cat n. 猫；猫科动物cause n. 原因；事业；目标vt. 引起；使遭受cave n. 洞穴，窑洞cease vi. 停止；终了vt. 停止；结束n. 停止cell n. 细胞；电池；蜂房的巢室；单人小室vi. 住在牢房或小室中cement n. 水泥；接合剂cent n. 分；一分的硬币；森特（等于半音程的百分之一）centre n. 中心century n. 世纪，百年；（板球）一百分ceremony n. 典礼，仪式；礼节，礼仪；客套，虚礼certain adj. 某一；确信；无疑的；有把握的；必然的pron. 某些；某几个certainty n. 确实；必然；确实的事情chain n. 链；束缚；枷锁vt. 束缚；囚禁；用铁练锁住chair n. 椅子；（会议的）主席位；大学教授的职位；讲座chairman n. 主席，会长；董事长chalk n. 粉笔；白垩；用粉笔划的记号chance n. 可能性；机会，际遇；运气，侥幸change vt. 改变；交换n. 变化；找回的零钱vi. 改变；兑换character n. 字符；特性；角色；性格，品质vt. 使具有特征；印，刻charge n. 费用；掌管；控告；负载；电荷；命令vt. 装载；对…索费；使承担；向…冲去；指责；使充电vi. 索价；向前冲；充电；控告；记在账上charm n. 魅力，吸引力；魔力vt. 使陶醉；行魔法vi. 有魔力；用符咒chase vt. 追逐；追捕；试图赢得；雕镂vi. 追赶；追逐；奔跑cheap adj. 便宜的；[口]小气的；不值钱的adv. 便宜地cheat vt. 欺骗；骗取vi. 欺骗；作弊n. 骗子；欺骗，作弊cheek n. 面颊，脸颊；[俚]臀部cheer vt. 欢呼；使高兴；为…加油n. 欢呼；愉快；心情；令人愉快的事vi. 欢呼；感到高兴cheerful adj. 高兴的；快乐的；愉快的cheese n. 奶酪；干酪；[美俚]要人vt. [俚]停止adj. [俚]叛变的；胆小的chemical n. 化学制品，化学药品adj. 化学的chemistry n. 化学；化学过程cheque n. 支票chest n. 胸，胸部；箱子；衣柜；金库chicken n. 鸡肉；小鸡；胆小鬼，懦夫adj. 鸡肉的；胆怯的；幼小的chief n. 酋长；首领；主要部分adv. 主要地；首要地child,children n. 儿童，孩子；子孙；产物chimney n. 烟囱chin n. 下巴；聊天；引体向上动作vt. 用下巴夹住；与…聊天；在单杠上作引体向上动作vi. 闲谈；作引体向上动作chocolate n. 巧克力，巧克力糖；巧克力色adj. 巧克力色的；巧克力口味的choice n. 选择；选择权；精选品choose vt. 选择，决定vi. 选择，挑选Christmas n. 圣诞节church n. 教堂；礼拜；教派adj. 教会的；礼拜的vt. 领…到教堂接受宗教仪式cigarette n. 香烟；纸烟cinema adj? n. 电影；电影院；电影业，电影制作术circle n. 圆；圆形物；循环，周期；圈子circular adj. 循环的；圆形的；间接的(n. 通知，传单)citizen n. 公民；市民；老百姓city n. 城市，都市adj. 都会的；城市的civilize vt. 使开化；使文明；教化vi. 变得文明claim vi. 提出要求vt. 要求；声称；认领；需要n. 要求；断言；声称；值得；索赔class n. 班级；阶级；种类clay n. 泥土；粘土；肉体；似黏土的东西vt. 用黏土处理clean adj. 清洁的，干净的；清白的vt. 使干净vi. 打扫，清扫adv. 完全地n. 打扫clear adj. 清楚的；清澈的；晴朗的；无罪的vt. 清除；跳过；使干净；通过vi. 变清澈；放晴adv. 清晰地；完全地n. 清除；空隙clerk n. 职员，办事员；店员；书记；记帐员vi. 当销售员，当店员clever adj. 聪明的；机灵的；熟练的cliff n. 绝壁；悬崖climb vi. 攀登；爬；上升vt. 攀登；爬；上升n. 攀登；爬clock n. 时钟；计时器close adj. 亲密的；亲近的；紧密的vt. 关；结束；使靠近vi. 关闭；关；结束adv. 紧密地cloth n. 布，织物；餐巾clothes,clothing n. 衣服cloud n. 云；云状物；一大群；阴云；黑斑club n. 俱乐部，社团；夜总会；（扑克牌中的）梅花；棍棒coal vi. 加煤；上煤vt. 给…加煤；把…烧成炭n. 煤；煤块；木炭coarse adj. 粗糙的；下等的；粗俗的coast n. 海岸；滑坡coat n. 外套coconut n. 椰子；椰子肉coffee n. 咖啡；咖啡豆；咖啡色coin n. 硬币，钱币cold adj. 寒冷的；冷淡的，不热情的；失去知觉的n. 寒冷；感冒collar n. 衣领；颈圈collect vt. 收集；募捐vi. 收集；聚集；募捐college n. 学院；学会；大学colour vt. 把…涂颜色，粉饰；歪曲；使脸红vi. 变色n. 颜色；外貌；气色，面色；风格comb n. 鸡冠；梳子；蜂巢vt. 梳头发；梳毛vi. （浪）涌起combine vt. 使联合，使结合；使化合vi. 联合，结合；化合come vi. 来；出现；到达；变成；开始；发生vt. 做；假装；将满（…岁）int. 嗨！comfort n. 安慰；舒适；安慰者vt. 安慰；使（痛苦等）缓和command vi. 命令，指挥；控制vt. 命令，指挥；控制；远望n. 命令；司令部；指挥，控制committee n. 委员会common adj. 普通的；共同的；通常的；一般的companion n. 同伴；朋友；手册；指南vt. 陪伴company n. 公司；陪伴，同伴；连队vi. 交往vt. 陪伴compare vt. 比较；对照；比喻为vi. 相比；比较n. 比较comparison n. 比喻；比较；对照；比较关系compass n. 指南针，罗盘；圆规vt. 包围compete vi. 竞争；比赛；对抗complain vi. 发牢骚；投诉；诉说vt. 抱怨；控诉complete adj. 完全的；完整的；彻底的vt. 完成compound n. 化合物；复合词；混合物adj. 复合的；混合的concern vt. 涉及，关系到；使担心concerning prep. 关于；就…而言v. 涉及；忧虑；使关心（concern的ing形式）concert n. 音乐会；和谐；一致condition n. 条件；情况；环境；身分vt. 决定；使适应；使健康；以…为条件confuse vt. 使混乱；使困惑connect vt. 连接；联合；关连vi. 连接，连结；联合conquer vt. 战胜，征服；攻克，攻取vi. 得胜；胜利conscience n. 道德心，良心conscious adj. 意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的consider vt. 认为；考虑；细想；考虑到vi. 认为；考虑；细想consist vi. 组成；在于；符合consonant (sound) 【语音学】辅音,辅音字母contain vt. 包含；容纳；控制；牵制（敌军）vi. 含有；自制content adj. 满意的contents n. 目录；内容；要旨（content的复数）continue vi. 仍旧，连续；继续，延续vt. 继续说…；使…继续；使…延长contract n. 合同；婚约control n. 控制；管理；抑制；操纵装置vt. 控制；管理；抑制convenient adj. 方便的conversation n. 会话；交谈；社交cook vt. 烹调，煮vi. 烹调，做菜n. 厨师，厨子cool adj. 冷静的；凉爽的；[口]出色的copper n. 铜；铜币；[俚]警察adj. 铜的copy vi. 复制；复印；抄袭vt. 复制；复印；抄袭n. 副本；一册；摹仿cord n. 束缚；绳索vt. 用绳子捆绑corn n. （美）玉米；（英）谷物corner n. 角落，拐角处；困境，窘境；地区，偏僻处correct adj. 正确的；恰当的；端正的cost vt. 花费；使付出；使花许多钱n. 费用，代价，成本；损失vi. 花费cotton n. 棉花；棉线；棉布cough n. 咳嗽，咳嗽声；咳嗽病vt. 咳出vi. 咳嗽could aux. 能够v. 能（can的过去式）council n. 理事会；会议；委员会；顾问班子；地方议会count vt. 计算；认为vi. 计数；有价值country n. 国家；故乡couple n. 数个；对；夫妇vi. 结合；成婚vt. 连接；结合；连合courage n. 勇气；胆量course n. 进程；过程；道路；一道菜vt. 跑过；追赶vi. 指引航线；快跑court n. 法院；朝廷；球场；奉承cover vt. 包括；涉及；采访，报导n. 盖子；封面，封皮；掩蔽物vi. 覆盖；代替cow n. 奶牛，母牛；母兽vt. 威胁，恐吓coward n. 懦夫，懦弱的人adj. 胆小的，懦怯的crack vt. 使破裂；打开；变声vi. 爆裂；破裂n. 裂缝；声变；噼啪声crash n. 碰撞；崩溃；坠落vt. 破碎；撞碎；坠落vi. 碰撞；坠毁；闯；突然倒台cream n. 奶油，乳脂；乳酪；精华；面霜creature n. 动物，生物；人；创造物creep vi. 爬行；慢慢地移动；起鸡皮疙瘩；蔓延cricket n. 蟋蟀；板球，板球运动crime n. 罪行，犯罪；罪恶；犯罪活动vt. 控告……违反纪律criminal n. 罪犯adj. 犯罪的；刑事的；罪恶的crop n. 农作物；庄稼；产量；平头cross n. 十字架，十字形物；交叉，十字vi. 交叉；横过；杂交vt. 使相交；渡过；杂交crowd n. 人群；一堆；一帮crown n. 王冠；王权；花冠；顶点vt. 加冕；居…之顶；表彰；使圆满完成cruel adj. 残酷的，残忍的；使人痛苦的crush vt. 压碎；弄皱，变形；使…挤入vi. 挤；被压碎cry vt. 叫喊；哭出；大声说n. 叫喊；叫声；口号；呼叫vi. 哭；喊；叫cultivate vt. 培养；耕作；陶冶cup n. 杯子；奖杯；酒杯cupboard n. 食橱；碗柜cure vt. 治愈；治疗；加工处理；使硫化vi. 受治疗；痊愈；治病；被硫化；被加工处理n. 治疗；治愈；疗法curl vt. 使…卷曲；使卷起来vi. 卷曲；盘绕n. 卷发；螺旋状物；卷曲current n. 趋势；涌流；（水，气，电）流curse n. 咒骂；诅咒vt. 诅咒；咒骂curtain n. 窗帘；幕curve n. 曲线；弯曲；曲线球；曲线图表vt. 使弯曲；弯vi. 成曲形custom n. 风俗；习惯；海关cut n. 伤口；切口；削减；（服装等的）式样；[体育]削球；切入vt. 切割；削减；缩短；刺痛vi. 切割；相交；切牌；停拍；不出席cycle vt. 使循环；使轮转vi. 骑自行车；循环；轮转Ddaily adj. 每日的；日常的damage vi. 损害；损毁；赔偿金n. 损害；损毁vt. 损害，毁坏dance n. 舞蹈；舞曲；舞会vi. 跳舞；飘扬；跳跃vt. 跳舞；使跳跃danger n. 危险；危险物，威胁dare vt. 不惧；敢冒vi. 胆敢；敢daring adj. 大胆的，勇敢的n. 胆量，勇气dark adj. 黑暗的，深色的；无知的；模糊的；忧郁的date n. 日期；约会；年代；枣椰子data n. 资料；数据（datum的复数）daughter n. 女儿；子代adj. 女儿的；子代的day n. 一天；白昼；时期adv. 每天；经常在白天地adj. 日间的；逐日的dead adj. 无生命的；废弃了的；呆板的deal vt. 发牌；处理；给予；分配vi. 处理；做生意；对待；讨论n. 交易；份量；待遇；（美）政策dear adj. 亲爱的；昂贵的；尊敬的death n. 死；死亡；死神；毁灭debt n. 债务；借款；罪过decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽；衰退，n. 衰退，衰减；腐烂，腐朽vt. 使腐烂，使腐败；使衰退，使衰落deceive v. 欺骗；行骗December n. 十二月decide vt. 决定；判决；解决vi. 决定，下决心decimal adj. 小数的；十进位的n. 小数declare vt. 宣布，声明；断言，宣称vi. 声明，宣布decrease n. 减少，减小；减少量vi. 减少，减小vt. 减少，减小deed n. 行动；证书；[法]契据vt. 立契转让deep adj. 深的；深奥的；低沉的deer n. 鹿defeat vt. 击败，战胜；使…失败；挫败n. 失败；战胜defence n. 防御；防卫；防卫设备；答辩defend vt. 防护；辩护vi. 防守；保卫degree n. 程度，等级；度；学位；阶层delay vi. 耽搁；延期vt. 延期；耽搁n. 耽搁；延期；被耽搁或推迟的时间delicate adj. 微妙的；易碎的；清淡可口的；柔和的；精美的，雅致的；纤弱的delight n. 高兴vi. 高兴vt. 使高兴deliver vt. 发表；递送；释放；给予（打击）；交付；给…接生vi. 传送；投递；履行；实现n. 投球demand vt. 要求；需要；查询vi. 请求；查问；需要n. 需要；要求；需求department n. 部门；系；科；部；局depend vi. 依赖，依靠；相信，信赖；取决于dependent adj. 依靠的；从属的；取决于…的n. 依赖他人者；受赡养者depth n. 深度；深奥descend vi. 下降；下来；遗传；屈尊；下去vt. 下去；沿…向下describe vt. 描述，形容；描绘description n. 描述，描写；说明书；类型descriptive adj. 描写的，叙述的；描写性的desert n. 沙漠；荒原；应得的赏罚desert vt. 遗弃；放弃；逃跑vi. 遗弃；逃掉；开小差deserve vi. 应受，应得vt. 应受，应得desire n. 欲望；要求，心愿；性欲vt. 要求；想要；希望得到… vi. 渴望desk n. 办公桌；服务台；编辑部；（美）讲道台；乐谱架adj. 书桌的；桌上用的；伏案做的destroy vt. 毁坏；破坏；消灭detail n. 细节，详情determine vt. 决定；使…下定决心；判决vi. 决定；确定；判决，终止determiner n. 限定词；决定因素detour vt. 使…绕道而行vi. 绕道；迂回n. 便道；绕道develop vt. 开发；使成长；进步；使显影vi. 发育；生长；显露；进化devil n. 撒旦；魔鬼；恶棍；家伙。
ielts vocabulary
看法，态度和信念In my opinionAs far as …is concernedBe convinced thatMaintain thatReckon thatHold thatMake the point thatRegister the disapproval ofSuspect thatDoubt thatTake exception to sthHave conservative viewsBe obsessive aboutBe committed toBe dedicated toBe devoted to陈述一场辩论Be in two minds about …should …or ..First of all ,there are so many benefits of …The most important point is that …the more ..the more In my opinion ,…is the most important thingAnd I am not alone in this opinion ,many consider…to be an important ..Secondly …if ..I willIt is often said that ….I cannot disagree withMoreover ..However ,it could be argued that …Furthermore ,if …I wouldOn one handOn the other handBut I believe that条件SufficientDeficientifproviding thatunlessas long ason condition thatno matter howthe prerequisites ofwith the conditions ofbe the requisite of对比和比较Be distinctiveBe differentVariousBe different from Differ from Compare with Compare toIn comparisonIn contrastBy the way of contrast Whereas Differentiate Discriminate Distinguish between Tell apart Distinction Difference Discrimination DiscrepancyBe identical toBe similar toIn commonHave sth in commonHave little in commonHave nothing in commonAs different as chalk and cheeseI do not know chalk from cheeseWhereforeThereforeWherebyWhereatWhereonWherein原因与结果The effects ofConsequence ofAs a consequence /result ofEnsue eg, there is lack of well educated labor pool ,the decline in economy ensued.AffectPrompt sb to doIn order toWith the aim ofSo as toOn account of Because ofOwing toDue toOn the grounds that The reason for Motives in集中注意力Simply by doing Largely due to PrimarilyMainly ExclusivelyOnlyParticularly Specifically NotablyMostlyPurelyChiefly归纳与细节Full detailsHave the specificsMinor technicalityItemizeMinutiaeAccurate illustrationCharacteristicIt is a peculiarity ofExemplifyHave the gistIn generalNormallyHave the out line变化page2Adapt toAdjust to1. When you go to a new country, you must adapt yourself to local manners and customs.Adaptable manTo adjust expenditure to incometo adjust sb to new conditionsTrans= cross, pass, changetransnational /transform /transformer/transfer/transferable/transit/transition/transaction transpacific/transpolar/ transcribe/transpersonaltranscode / transposition /transplant n/vt/transporttransparent /transistor /transpolar flights from Tokyo to Parisswitch on /switch off /switch toalter the dressmodifychangetransformvary from… to /differ ..fromReceipt / invoiceFlat, House , homestay, detached /semi-detached Deal with/Handle/Cope with/Resolve/Tackle/Address Overcome/solveExchange ..for /Swap foreign stamps/exchange for Swap food for weaponExpandExtendDissolveMeltSwell/swollen river /swollen faceBe baffled by = be confused by… baffled sb completelyRenew /renewable /the membership has been renewed Show hostilities to othersHostile worldRenovate /innovate /innovationPromote /promotion/demoteFade awayReplaceCure /heal /treatReduce /cut down on事物的运作page 6ThermostatThermometerThermotherapyThermoregulatoryAerosolAerobic exerciseAerophoneheat upcool downexpandextendcontractconnectDisconnectIncreasedecreasecomponent parts /composebendspinwhirlrotaterevolveconvert intocompress /depress /impress/ suppress releasesqueezeflowacceleratedeceleratechoppork chopgrindskilled grinderlitburn offignitebe made up of /be composed of /consist of /constitute compriseadjust tobe absorbed by /be absorbedin processprocessed foodprocedurePage 61. Thermostat2. Compact disc playerSpin out the time by talkingstrike a bargain with sb.Strike the right pathWhat struck me most was …What strikes at the first reading is its vividness.(to consider or show a person or thing to be related to someone or something else)She's an actress I connect with the theatre rather than films. Police are connecting the break-in with other recent thefts in the area.The connection between smoking and heart disease is well known.They're sisters, are they? I knew their surname was the same, but I never made (thought of) the connection.Coal power stations release sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere.Hormones are released from glands into the bloodstream. Squeeze oneself into a crowded bus.Squeeze juice from an orange.3. Aerosol4. Aeroplane5. Camera6. Food processor7. Firework /firecracker物体与动作page 20Exploded、explosive/explosionFade awaySubside /submerge /submarine /subwayRevolve around/revolutionSet/riseSinkStretch out /stretchercrack /thermo crackingmelt /molten ice capinsolvable /solvableerode erosionbouncecrumbletrickleringwobblecongealspill /cry over the spilled milksmoulder /smother/hatred smouldered in his heart erupt /eruptionfloatdriftfreezeThat elastic band will snap if you stretch it too far.This substance stretches to any shape you want.The conversation revolved around childcare problems.His whole life revolves around football.The fire was started by a smouldering cigarette.The dispute is still smouldering, five years after the negotiations began.>> Gradually people trickled back into the theatre for the second half.>> We usually only get a trickle of customers in the shop in the mornings.>>The tears trickled down her cheeks.停止和中断Repeal / revoke** If a government repeals a law, it causes that law no longer to have any legal force.We're campaigning for a/the repeal of the abortion laws.The authorities have revoked their original decision to allow development of this rural area.Deter /prevent sb from doing sthHigh prices are deterring many young people from buyingTougher prison sentences may act/serve as (= be) a deterrent to other would-be offenders.a deterrent effecta nuclear deterrentDissuade sb from doingPersuade sb into doing sth.Rescind/demolish/cancel/annulThe policy of charging air travellers for vegetarian meals proved unpopular and has already been rescinded.A number of houses were demolished so that the supermarket could be built.His second marriage was annulled because he never divorced his first wife.>> Sever / break off>> Turn down / reject / decline>> Back out / withdraw>> Refund / refundable / non-refundableThey backed out of the deal the day before they were due to sign the contract.Sever one’s connections with sb.quash: to forcefully stop something that you do not want to happenThe company moved quickly to quash rumours /speculation that it is losing money.指路/指示方向十个方位词――right, left, in front of, behind, rear, next to, at the end of, cross road to, opposite to, the one after . be far from距离某处很远be nearby距离某处很近go straight across/to/through径直走过/向/过go up/down向上（北）/向下（南）go back/back/back up 向回走go east/west/south/north向东/南/西/北go on/along…till you meet…沿…一直走/直到…be on sb’s left/right在某人的左边/右边be the first/second/third from the left/right从左/右数第一/二/三个directly opposite和…相对be located behind/in front of坐落在…的前面/后面be on the corner of A street and B street在A和B街交汇的拐角处be in the corner of在…的角落里ground floor（英）首层wing配楼/建筑的一部分annex配楼/建筑的附属建筑basement地下室/第一层twin building由两个完全相同的部分构成的建筑landmark标志性的建筑block/complex由若干个建筑构成的建筑群/街区stair楼梯step台阶aisle过道wheel chair access无台阶的/残疾人用intersection/crossroad十字路口a fork on the road分*路口a T road丁字路口intersection/crossroads/junction/clover-leaf/flyover立交桥大小数量和程度minusminutiaeminuscule size oftinynarrowshallowhugeenormousmammothgiantgiganticcolossalgargantuana great deal ofa vast crowd ofplenty ofdozens oftons ofwidebroad形状和特征SphereHemisphere /north hemisphere/south hemisphere/atmosphere/stratosphereA sphere of influenceCube /cube a number/Cubic /cubic mile / cubic sugar/cubic equationCubicalConeConicalRectangle设长方形的宽是x米。
ielts writing 1
1、 How do you feel about writing in English?2 The marking criteria• Task achievement / Task response•Coherence and cohesion•Lexical resource•Grammatical range and accuracy3、In Task 1 of the IELTS Academic Paper you will be asked to describe a chart（bar/pie）, line graphs（曲线图），table, diagram or map. You need to write at least 150 words. It’s best to spend 20 minutes on Task 1 to leave yourself enough time for Task 2 (remember Task 2 is worth more marks).Structure：1、topic2、the main trends3、significant data points which illustrate the main trend（notevery detail ）4、conclusion（optional）建议：1、the reader should be able to see the chart in his mind when he reads your answer2、it is critical you select the right informationExaminers look for those essays identifying the significant and main trends as opposed to the mechanical description of all the data. Practice this skill by discussing the main points to be included in an essay with other students or friends in Chinese before worrying about expressing this in writing in English.Spend a few minutes with each question identifying 2-3 main and significant points in the diagram.Skill IYou should spend approximately 20 minutes planning and writing your task 1 answerBefore you begin writing your task 1 response, you need to spend 2-3 minutes analyzing the chart.If you do not do this, you may misinterpret the chart or miss out important main trends or detailsIf you analyse carefully, you help yourself to write a clear, thorough and well-planned answer.Follow these 4 key points:1 read and understand the topic2 check the time scale(时间标记) and the units of measurement （计量单位）3 find the main trends4 choose the significant data pointsRubric（题目）AutomateStandby power 待机电力1 what is the topic of this chart2 what are the units of measurement ?3 what is the time frame of this chart? Is it past, present and/or future or is it a fact chart(i.e. always true)? What verb tense should you use?4 what are the main trends?5 what are the significant data points?Skill 2 writing topic sentence and finding main trendsYour first sentence needs to describe the topic of the chart, and the following sentences should describe the main trends of the charts.You need to change the words used in the rubic. You can change the grammar or the words. Do not copy the chunks of the rubric exactlyRemember, your task is to make a clear and accurate picture for the reader. Writing a main trend sentence is an important part of creating a clear pictureMain trend sentence should go after your topic sentence. You should write one or two sentences about main trends.Skill 3After you have described the topic and the main trends, you need to write about the details of the chartCandidates who try to describe every data point do not get good scores on Task 1 writing answers. Remember , you are making a clear picture for the reader. Your job is to select the significant data points to do thisYou also need to group the data to help the reader to picture and understand the chart. Grouping the data is key to effective coherence in your writing.Skill 4 describing trendsIn the details paragraphs, you must summarise the information shown in the graph. You must include data, but also describe trends as you do so.Try to vary your sentence structures and vocabulary. Demonstrating a wide range of grammar and vocabulary, used at the right time and in the right way, is central to getting high scores in these two criteria.If you regularly repeat the same vocabulary and grammar, you will not get a high band score.Research and practice some different vocabulary and sentence structures. For example, activity 8 has provided you with a list of ways to express the idea of using something.Make your own lists of other useful language by studying other sample answers, and refer to these frequently.Learn a few items well. Do not try to learn too many structures without knowing how to use them appropriatelyLook for:Language to describe rising and fallingCompare and contrast(the sky of the equator appears more orderly than it does further south and further north)Average trends and unusual data points (far higher or lower than average)Skill 5 comparing and contrastingStructures for comparing and contrasting are very important when writing good task 1 answers.Some useful structuresComparative and superlative structuresBy far the most /the highest/the lowest……X is significantly greater /smaller than YX spent (50%/a great deal)more /less(time/money)on…..than YX spent the least /the most …on…SimilarBoth x and YX and y show a similar patternOppositeWhereas /while….illustrates a different trendHoweverIn contrast, onlyHere are some tips to help you with the task:•Read the question carefully and make sure you understand the graph, chart, table, diagram or map. Be clear about what you are describing.•Write a short introduction by paraphrasing the question (i.e.rewrite the question in your own words).•Be sure to give a summary (i.e. look at the big picture –what’s happening overall. There’s no need to mention any numbers in this part.)•Try to use a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary. •Separate your paragraphs.•Choose the key information to describe or compare.•Make comparisons where you can. Avoid simply stating what is in the question.•Describe specific details. Use the numbers in the chart, table or graph to help you describe the key points.•Divide your main description into 2 paragraphs. This will help you to have a clear structure and organisation; especiallyimportant when the question has two separate diagrams, tables or maps.A couple of things to avoid:•Describing every single detail – there are usually a lot of numbers. You don’t need to mention them all.•Giving reasons or sharing your opinions - the question will not ask you to do this.A Task 1 example复习评分标准For this task, students looked at a bar chart showing changes in average house prices in a number of cities over time. They were asked to summarise the information and make comparisons.Here’s the answer:The illustration presents data on shifts in average home worths between 1990 and 2002 in five various cities. It is contrasted with the average house prices in 1989. It is clear that there is an erratic pattern of variation between these periods.On the average, there is a negative deflection of prices from 1990 to 1995. Sixty percent of the five cities shows a lower than zero percentage change from the 1989 prices. The involved areas are New York, London and Tokyo. On the positive side, Madrid and Frankfurt gained an above zero change.From 1996 to 2002, most of the cities have an average house price above zero. The peak percentage change was reached with more than ten percent of the marks. Tokyo was the only city with a negative deflection in this time period.Among the five places, two cities showed a consistent positive change in the average house prices. On the other hand, Tokyo remained below negative in a twelve year period. This comprises 10% of the total areas.In conclusion, the average house prices in the period for 1990 to 2002 is varied. The percentage changes also differ in comparison from the 1989 prices.4、Academic Writing Task 2 - question types and essay formatsIn the Academic Task 2 essay you may be asked from a range of questions. Whatever the question, it’s good to have an essay structure in mind. A four-paragraph structure is the most common, and the easiest to adapt to different questions.Before you take the test, practice using the structure so you can plan your essay quickly on the day of the test.Here are some possible question types and four-paragraph structures to match:（1）Agree or DisagreeMany children these days have an unhealthy diet. Both schools and parents are equally responsible for solving this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?1 Introduction: paraphrase the question and give a general answerthat will summarise your opinion2 Main paragraph 1: I agree/disagree because … + supportingreasons3 Main paragraph 2: Another reason I agree / disagree is …4 Conclusion: paraphrase your argument and sum up.（2）Advantages or Disadvantages outweigh each otherIn some countries, governments are encouraging people to use their cars less and to take public transport instead. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?1 Introduction: topic and give your opinion (more advantages ordisadvantages?)2 Main paragraph 1: Advantages3 Main paragraph 2: Disadvantages4 Conclusion: summarise your opinion in a different way from theintroduction（3）Problem and SolutionCrime rates tend to be higher in cities than in smaller towns. Explain some possible reasons for this problem and suggest some solutions.1 Introduction: topic and general answer to question2 Main paragraph 1: Give reasons for problem3 Main paragraph 2: Offer some solutions4 Conclusion: summarise (and paraphrase) your argument（4）Discuss two views plus your opinionSome people say children use technology too much these days. Others believe that using technology now will help them in the future. Discuss both these views and give your opinion.1 Introduction: topic and give your opinion2 Main paragraph 1: Discuss one view3 Main paragraph 2: Discuss second view4 Conclusion: summarise (and paraphrase) your opinion（5）Two-part questionsSome people think that history as a subject at school is not useful and should be replaced with a more practical subject. Why do you think it is important to learn about history? What would be the effect if children were not taught history?1 Introduction: topic and give an overall answer to both questions2 Main paragraph 1: Answer first question3 Main paragraph 2: Answer second question4 Conclusion: summarise both answersOne or two general points:•Introduce the topic by paraphrasing the question•Try to give two or three ideas in each paragraph•Always support your ideas with examples•Make sure examples are quite general – not personal examples •Conclude by summarising your opinion in a different way from the into (paraphrase)A Task 2 example2084 commentsNow look at an answer to a Task 2 question. In this question learners were asked to talk about job satisfaction. What does job satisfaction mean to the individual and what does it mean in a wider context?Here’s one student’s answer:As adults, many people find they have less time on their hands to spend on themselves. This usually occurs in adulthood because people tend to spend most of their time on working on their career. With all the hours put into building a career, it is important to have a job that can cater to a person’s needs.There are several factors that contribute to job satisfaction. First and foremost, it is important that there is a healthy work place environment. This is essential for keeping a person in a good state of mind and body. It is also vital for a person to love his or her job, whether it is writing for a newspaper or walking on the moon. When people are passionate about what they do, they will not have to work a day in their lives. However, it is important to keep in mind that money does matter. Though it would be idial to have a wonderful job and high salary, it is not always the case. It is important for these two elements to meet in the middle to have a truly satisfying job.Having job satisfaction can easily be achieved if a person remembers those three ideas. As long as a person has the right credentials, there will always be an opportunity to find a job he or she will love. Reaching job satisfaction is not impossible if a person shows great interest in his or her work, receives a good salary and has a good environment having a satisfying job is easy to do.What do you think about this answer? Share your comments.Cork - the thick bark of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber) - is a remarkable material. It is tough, elastic, buoyant, and fire-resistant, and suitable for a wide range of purposes. It has also been used for millennia: the ancient Egyptians sealed their sarcophagi (stone coffins) with cork, while the ancient Greeks and Romans used it for anything from beehives to sandals.And the cork oak itself is an extraordinary tree. Its bark grows up to 20cm in thickness, insulating the tree like a coat wrapped around the trunk and branches and keeping the inside at a constant 20°C all year round. Developed most probably as a defence against forest fires, the bark of the cork oak has a particular cellular structure - with about 40 million cells per cubic centimetre - that technology has never succeeded in replicating. The cells are filledwith air, which is why cork is so buoyant. It also has an elasticity that means you can squash it and watch it spring back to its original size and shape when you release the pressure.Cork oaks grow in a number of Mediterranean countries, including Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and Morocco. They flourish in warm, sunny climates where there is a minimum of 400 millimetres of rain per year, and not more than 800 millimetres. Like grape vines, thetrees thrive in poor soil, putting down deep roots in search of moisture and nutrients.Southern Portugal’s A lentejo region meets all of these requirements, which explains why, by the early 20th century, this region had become the world’s largest producer of cork, and why today it accounts for roughly half of all cork production around the world.Most cork forests are family-owned. Many of these family businesses, and indeed many of the trees themselves, are around 200 years old. Cork production is, above all, an exercise in patience. From the planting of a cork sapling to the first harvest takes 25 years, and a gap of approximately a decade must separate harvests from an individual tree. And for top-quality cork, it’s necessary to wait a further 15 or 20 years. You even have to wait for the right kind of summer’s day to harvest cork. If the bark is stripped on a day when it’s too cold - or when the air is damp - the tree will be damaged.Cork harvesting is a very specialised profession. No mechanical means of stripping cork bark has been invented, so the job is done by teams of highly skilled workers. First, they make vertical cuts down the bark using small sharp axes, then lever it away in pieces as large as they can manage. The most skilful cork-strippers prise away a semi-circular husk that runs the length of the trunk from just above ground level to the first branches. It is then dried on the ground for about four months, before being taken to factories, where it is boiled to kill any insects that might remain in the cork. Over 60% of cork then goes on to be made into traditional bottle stoppers, with most of the remainder being used in the construction trade. Corkboard and cork tiles are ideal for thermal and acoustic insulation, while granules of cork are used in the manufacture of concrete.Recent years have seen the end of the virtual monopoly of cork as the material for bottle stoppers, due to concerns about the effect it may have on the contents of the bottle. This is caused by a chemical compound called 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), which forms through the interaction of plant phenols, chlorine and mould. The tiniest concentrations - as little as three or four parts to a trillion - can spoil the taste of the product contained in the bottle. The result has been a gradual yet steady move first towards plastic stoppers and, more recently, to aluminium screw caps. These substitutes are cheaper tomanufacture and, in the case of screw caps, more convenient for the user.The classic cork stopper does have several advantages, however. Firstly, its traditional image is more in keeping with that of the type of high quality goods with which it has long been associated. Secondly - and very importantly - cork is a sustainable product that can be recycled without difficulty. Moreover, cork forests are a resource which support local biodiversity, and prevent desertification in the regions where they are planted. So, given the current concerns about environmental issues, the future of this ancient material once again looks promising.Passage TwoThe search for the anti-aging pillin government laboratories and elsewhere, scientist are seeking a drug able to prolong life and youthful vigor.Studies of caloric restriction are showing in get wayAs researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging - the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we grow older. But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie* yet nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad range of animals, increasing longevity and prolonging good health. Those findings suggest that caloric restriction could delay aging and increase longevity in humans, too.*calorie: a measure of the energy value of foodUnfortunately, for maximum benefit, people would probably have to reduce their caloric intake by roughly thirty per cent, equivalent to dropping from 2,500 calories a day to 1,750.Few mortals could stick to that harsh a regimen, especially for years on end.But what if someone could create a pill that mimicked the physiological effects of eating less without actually forcing people to eat less?Could such a ‘caloric-restriction mimetic', as we call it, enable people to stay healthy longer, postponing age-related disorders (such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, heart disease and cancer) until very late in life?Scientists first posed this question in the mid-1990s, after researchers came upon a chemical agent that in rodents seemed to reproduce many of caloric restriction's benefits. No compound that would safely achieve the same feat in people has been found yet, but the search has been informative and has fanned hope that caloric-restriction (CR) mimetics can indeed be developed eventually.The benefits of caloric restrictionThe hunt for CR mimetics grew out of a desire to better understand caloric restriction's many effects on the body. Scientists first recognized the value of the practice more than 60 years ago, when they found that rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on average than free-feeding rats and also had a reduced incidence of conditions that become increasingly common in old age. What is more, some of the treated animals survived longer than the oldest-living animals in the control group, which means that the maximum lifespan (the oldest attainable age), not merely the normal lifespan, increased. Various interventions, such as infection-fighting drugs, can increase a population's average survival time, but only approaches that slow the body's rate of aging will increase the maximum lifespan.The rat findings have been replicated many times and extended to creatures ranging from yeast to fruit flies, worms, fish, spiders, mice and hamsters. Until fairly recently, the studies were limited to short-lived creatures genetically distant from humans. But caloric-restriction projects underway in two species more closely related to humans - rhesus and squirrel monkeys - have made scientists optimistic that CR mimetics could help people.The monkey projects demonstrate that, compared with control animals that eat normally, caloric-restricted monkeys have lower body temperatures and levels of the pancreatic hormone insulin, and they retain more youthful levels of certain hormones that tend to fall with age.The caloric-restricted animals also look better on indicators of risk for age-related diseases. For example, they have lower blood pressure and triglyceride levels (signifying a decreased likelihood of heart disease), and they have more normal blood glucose levels (pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked by unusually high blood glucose levels). Further, it has recently been shown that rhesus monkeys kept on caloric-restricted diets for an extended time (nearly 15 years) have less chronic disease. They and the other monkeys must be followed still longer, however, to know whether low-calorie intake can increase both average and maximum lifespans in monkeys. Unlike the multitude of elixirs being touted as the latest anti-aging cure, CR mimetics would alter fundamental processes that underlie aging. We aim to develop compounds that fool cells into activating maintenance and repair.How a prototype caloric-restriction mimetic worksThe best-studied candidate for a caloric-restriction mimetic, 2DG (2-deoxy-D-glucose), works by interfering with the way cells process glucose. It has proved toxic at some doses in animals and so cannot be used in humans. But it has demonstrated that chemicals can replicate the effects of caloric restriction; the trick is finding the right one. Cells use the glucose from food to generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the molecule that powers many activities in the body. By limiting food intake, caloric restriction minimizes the amount of glucose entering cells and decreases ATP generation. When 2DG is administered to animals that eat normally, glucose reaches cells in abundance but the drug prevents most of it from being processed and thus reduces ATP synthesis. Researchers have proposed several explanations for why interruption of glucose processing and ATP production might retard aging. One possibility relates to the ATP-making machinery's emission of free radicals, which are thought to contribute to aging and to such age-related diseases as cancer by damaging cells. Reduced operation of the machinery should limit theirproduction and thereby constrain the damage. Another hypothesis suggests that decreased processing of glucose could indicate to cells that food is scarce (even if it isn't) and induce them to shift into an anti-aging mode that emphasizes preservation of the organism over such ‘luxuries' as gr。
雅思作文手写模板
雅思作文手写模板英文回答：Introduction:The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is a standardized English language proficiency test designed to assess the language ability of non-native English speakers. It is widely accepted for immigration, education, and employment purposes in many countries around the world.IELTS Writing Task 2。
The IELTS Writing Task 2 is an essay-writing task that requires candidates to write a coherent and well-structured response to a given topic. The task is designed to assess the candidate's ability to generate ideas, organize their thoughts, and express themselves clearly and accurately in written English.Template:The following is a comprehensive template that can be used to structure an IELTS Writing Task 2 essay:1. Introduction。
Begin with a clear statement of the topic.Define any key terms or concepts.State your overall position or argument.2. Body Paragraph 1。
从雅思小作文用词到大作文指代方法
从雅思小作文用词到大作文指代方法雅思考官1周备考答疑1.IELTS Writing Task 1: easy but accurate雅思小作文：简单但准确If you can use "less common" vocabulary correctly, that's great. However, using "difficult" words or grammar often leads to lots of mistakes. It would be better to choose "easy but accurate" language instead.如果你可以准确地使用不太常见的词汇，那再好不过。
但是，使用高级词汇或语法常常导致各种错误。
更明智的做法是选择简单而准确的语言。
Here are the sentences from last week's lesson, with problems underlined:下面是一些画线部分存在毛病的句子。
1 The highest number of people residence in Australia are those living in cities.2 The highest population of birth are those born within Australia.3 This figure was over 50% of those given birth to outside Australia.Let's rewrite these sentences in an "easy but accurate" way:1 The majority of Australians live in cities.2 Most of the people who live in Australia were born there.3 This was over 50% higher than the figure for people born outside Australia.解读：这些是典型的无法用简单明了的语言表意的例子了。
雅思英语作文写作模板
雅思英语作文写作模板英文回答：Introduction。
The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is a standardized English language proficiency test designed for non-native English speakers who wish to study, migrate, or work in a country where English is the primary language of communication. IELTS is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP Education, and Cambridge English Language Assessment.IELTS Writing。
The IELTS Writing module assesses the test taker's ability to produce coherent, well-structured, and grammatically correct written responses in both Academic and General Training formats. The Academic Writing moduleis designed for students applying to higher educationprograms, while the General Training module is tailored to individuals seeking employment or migration opportunities.IELTS Writing Task 1。
IELTS+Vocabulary+6.5%2B
IELTS V ocabulary 6.5+Unit1 A1.v．放弃、抛弃n.放肆、放纵[phra] 沉溺于……2.缩写，节略、abbr3.n.腹、腹部[phra] 腹肌、abs、six pack4.adj.不正常的、反常的、变态的5.adj.土著的、土著居民的n.土著居民6.n.失败、流产7.n.旷课、旷工8.v.吸收、吸引[phra] 专心于9.adj.完全的、绝对的10.v.摘要、提炼、抽象化n.摘要adj.抽象的[phra] 从……转移开某人的注意[变形] adj.心不在焉的[变形] n.抽象11.v.滥用、虐待n.滥用、辱骂12.adj.学术的、学院的、理论的[phra] 学年[变形] n.研究院、学院13.v.加速、促进[反义] v.减速14.n.重音、口音、重音符15.v.接受、认可、承认16.n.通路、访问、入门[phra] 得以接近/会见/进入/使用17.adj.易接近的、可到达的、易受影响的、可理解的18.n.附件、配件19.n.意外事件、事故20.n.喝彩、欢呼v.欢呼、称赞[同义]v.鼓掌、赞许、赞成21.v.供应、供给、使适应22.n.住处23.v．陪伴、伴随、和……一起发生24.v.完成、达到、实现[变形]n.成就、完成25.n.帐目、理由v.说明、认为[phra] 考虑到、顾及[phra] 由于[变形] 会计学[变形]会计师[phra] 注册会计师26.v.信任、授权、归于27.v.积聚、积累28.n.准确性、正确度[变形] adj.正确的、精确的[变形] adj.错误的、不准确的29.v.控告、谴责[phra] 指控某人犯……罪/错30.v.使习惯于[phra] 习惯于31.n.酸adj.酸的、讽刺、尖刻的[phra] 酸雨32.v.承认（……的权威）、对……表示感谢[变形] n.承认、鸣谢、致谢33.n.相识的人、泛泛之交、所知、了解34.v.获得、学到[变形] n.获得35.v.刺激、使活动、有活力36.n.针灸、中医针灸疗法[变形] v.刺破、刺穿37.adj.敏锐的、深刻的、（疾病）急性的[phra] 急性病[反义phra] 慢性病38．v.使适应，改编39．adj.能适应的，可修改的40．n.适应、改编、改写本41．v.沉溺、上瘾n.入迷的人、有瘾的人[变形]n.沉溺、沉溺42．n.加、增加、加法[反义]n.减法43．n.地址、演讲v.演说44．adv./adj.特别地/的45．adj.适当的、足够的[反义]adj.不充足的46．v.粘附、胶着、坚持[phra]粘附、坚持47．adj.邻近的、毗连的48．v.调节、改变……以适应[phra]适应、调节n.调整、调节49．n.管理、经营50．v.赞美、钦佩、羡慕51．v.容许、承认、接纳[变形]n.承认、入场费、入场卷52．adj.青春期、青春的n.青少年[变形]n.青春期53．v.采取、采用、收养[变形]n.采用、收养54．v.崇拜、爱慕55．n./v.发展、改进、前进、推进[phra]预先、提前56．n./v.冒险[变形]n./v.冒险57．adj.敌对的、不友好的58．v.做广告、登广告[变形]n.广告[变形]adj.广告的n.广告业、广告59．n.守护者、提倡者v.拥护、提倡、主张60．adj.需氧的、有氧气的、有氧健身的61．adj.美学的、审美的、有审美感的62．v.影响、感动63．n.友爱、爱情、慈爱64．v.（使）加入、接受为会员65．v.断言、坚决声称[变形]adj.肯定地、积极的66．adj.富裕的、丰富的、富饶的67．v.提供、给予、供应得起[变形]adj.买得起的68．n.代理处、代理、中介、力量[phra]独家代理[phra]总代理[变形]n.代理人69．n.议事日程70．v.加重、加剧、使恶化[辨析]v./n.合计、总计71．v.搅动、鼓动、煽动72．adj.使愉快的、惬意的73．n.帮助、援助、救助[phra]急救74．adj.空运的、空中的、空气传播的75．adj.密封的、不透气的76．adj.走廊、过道[phra]n.走廊77．n.惊恐、惊慌、警报器78．conj.尽管、即使79．n.炼金术80．n.酒精、酒81．n.（alga的复数）海藻82．n.代数学、代数83．adj.外国的、相异的[辨析]v.使疏远、使不友好、离间84．adj.点亮的、点着的v.下来85．v.断言、宣称86．n.敏感症、过敏87．adj.对……过敏的、对……反感的[phra]对……过敏的88．v.减轻（痛苦等），缓解89．v.分配、配给90．v.（按份额）分配、分派91．n.津贴、补贴、允许量92．adj.多方面的、多才多艺的93．v.吸引、引诱[phra]诱使（某人）离开[phra]把（某人）犹入、骗进94．n.杏仁95．v.改变、更改96．n./adj.两者择一（的）、供选择（的）97．n.海拔、高（度）、深(度)98．n.男毕业生、男校友99．n.女毕业生、女校友100．n.业余爱好者adj.业余（爱好）的、非职业的101．v.使大为惊奇、使惊愕102．adj.令人惊异的Unit2 A1．n.大使、时节2．n.琥珀3．n.龙涎香4．adj.含糊不清的、不明确的[变形]n.模棱两可5．n.雄心、抱负6．adj.有雄心的、野心勃勃的7．v.改善、改良；减轻8．v.修改、修订；改正[记忆]n.改善、改正9．n.宜人、礼仪10．prep.在……中11．adj./n.两栖动物（的），水陆两用（的）12．adj.大量的、充裕的、丰富的、足够的[同义词]adequate, abundant13．v.详述、增强、扩大14．v.使开心、使发笑、给……提供娱乐15．n.麻醉剂adj.麻醉的16．n.比拟、类比[phra]具有与……相似之处17．v.分析、细察18．n.分析、分解19．n.分析家、分解者20．n.解剖、解剖学[变形]adj.解剖的、解剖学的[变形]n.解剖学家21．n.祖宗、祖先22．adj.古代的、旧的23．n.有生气、动画片、卡通24．v.消灭、歼灭25．n.周年纪念26．v.宣布、通告[phra]对某人宣布某事27．n.宣告、一项公告、一项私人告示[phra]通告一件事28．adj.匿名的29．v.使烦恼、烦扰、打搅30．n.人类学31．n.抗生素32．v.预期、预料、期望、提前做[phra]先发制人，制敌机先[phra]期盼做某事33．n.预期、预测[phra]预先、事先[phra]预先、预料、期待34．n.古物、古董adj.古时的、过时的[phra]古董商35．adv.无论如何、总之[同义词]36．adj.冷漠的、漠不关心的[变形]adv.漠不关心地[变形]n.冷漠、漠不关心37．n.器械、仪器、设备、装置38．adj.明显的、显而易见的[变形]adv.显然地39．n.请求、呼吁、上诉、吸引力v.呼吁、上诉、吸引[phra]上诉权[变形]adj.吸引人的40．n.外貌、外表、外观、出现41．v.附加、增补[变形]n.附录、阑尾42．n.食欲、胃口、欲望、爱好43．v.鼓掌称赞、赞同。
雅思写作大作文常见话题及分论点总结
常见话题分类及分论点词汇短语总结⼀一.教育1. 学习⾳音乐、体育的重要性培养团队精神和思考能⼒力Foster team spirit critical thinking提升⽂文化修养和对⽂文学艺术的欣赏⽔水平self-cultivation, an appreciation of art and literature.提⾼高⾝身体素质，养成良好的⽣生活习惯Develop physical fitness, healthy lifestyle2. 学习数学的重要性培养独⽴立思考、创造性思考、分析和解决问题能⼒力independent and critical thinking, analysing skills and problem-solving ability数学是很多学科的基础Fundamental subject3.孩⼦子是否应该obey the rules由于年轻和缺乏经验，孩⼦子容易误⼊入歧途，所以很多时候他们需要⽼老师和⽗父母的建议和指导。
go astrayInexperienced be more likely to do孩⼦子迟早都要⾃自⼰己做决定，如果他们从⼩小只会服从命令，那么会慢慢失去主见。
the ability and desire to form their own opinion4.孩⼦子成长谁负责？parents家长以⾃自⼰己为榜样，帮助孩⼦子形成正确的⼈人⽣生观和价值观role modelhelp foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life孩⼦子早年⼤大部分时间与家长在⼀一起，家长塑造孩⼦子们的性格Shape personalityteacher/ school传授理论知识impart knowledge platform提⾼高⼈人际交往能⼒力interpersonal skills媒体对孩⼦子的影响Questionable contents教育类核⼼心词汇：theoretical 理论的practical 实际的scope of knowledge 知识⾯面lighten the burden of 减轻...的负担nurture 培养，教育 motivation 动⼒力physical ⾝身体上的psychological ⼼心理上的intelligence 智⼒力，智能intellectual 智⼒力的，有智⼒力的，n. 知识分⼦子motivate 激发potential 潜在的，潜⼒力talent 天才，才能qualify （使）具有资格discipline 纪律，学科subject 科⽬目，学科adolescent 青少年，青春期的mature 成熟的interactive 互动的，交互式的learn by rote 死记硬背feedback 反馈learner-oriented 以学⽣生为导向的exam-oriented education 应试教育force-feed the students 填鸭式教法教学⽣生raise family 养家achieve life value 实现⼈人⽣生价值degree factory 学历⼯工⼚厂all-rounded 全⾯面的impart knowledge 传授知识obtain/ acquire/gain knowledge and skills获得知识和技能quality education素质教育team spirit 团队精神become qualified employees 成为合格雇员adapt to 适应某事dampen the students’ enthusiasm 打击学⽣生的积极性enrich one’s social and life experience 丰富了社会和⽣生活阅历practical and professional skills 实⽤用的职业技能become competitive in the job market 在职场上有竞争⼒力make contributions to social progress 对社会进步做出贡献encourage students to think critically and independently ⿎鼓励学⽣生批判地和独⽴立地思考promote students’ physical, intellectual and emotional development促进学⽣生的⾝身体、智⼒力和情感发展help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 帮助年轻⼈人树⽴立正确的价值观、世界观、⼈人⽣生观A school is society in miniature. 学校是社会的⼀一个缩影。
ielts四项单词
ielts四项单词IELTS（International English Language Testing System）是国际英语语言测试系统，用于评估非英语母语的个人英语能力。
其中包括四个主要测试项目，即听力（Listening）、口语（Speaking）、阅读（Reading）和写作（Writing）。
本文将对这四个测试项目的关键词汇进行详细介绍。
一、听力（Listening）在IELTS听力测试中，考生需要通过听取录音材料并回答相关问题来评估其听力能力。
以下是一些常见的听力考试关键词汇。
1. Multitasking：同时处理多个任务，考察考生在听取录音的同时，理解和记忆相关信息的能力。
2. Dictation：听写，要求考生准确地听取录音中的句子或单词并书写下来。
3. Note-taking：做笔记，考生在听取录音时，通过记录关键信息来帮助理解内容。
4. Paraphrasing：改写，考生需要理解录音材料中的表达方式，并用自己的话语重新表述。
二、口语（Speaking）IELTS口语测试评估考生的口语交流能力和语音语调准确性。
以下是一些常见的口语测试关键词汇。
1. Fluency：流利度，考察考生的口语表达流畅程度。
2. Vocabulary：词汇量，考察考生的词汇使用是否丰富准确。
3. Pronunciation：发音，考察考生的语音准确性和流畅度。
4. Cohesion and coherence：连贯性与连贯性，考察考生掌握连接词和衔接词，将观点和信息组织得清晰有条理。
三、阅读（Reading）IELTS阅读测试评估考生的阅读理解能力和词汇掌握程度。
以下是一些常见的阅读测试关键词汇。
1. Skimming：略读，考察考生快速浏览文章，获取整体信息的能力。
2. Scanning：扫描，考察考生快速寻找特定信息或答案的能力。
3. Inference：推理，考察考生通过对文章信息的解读和分析做出合理的判断。
雅思写作评分标准-中英对照
雅思写作评分标准-中英对照The XXX based on a set of criteria。
For the Task 1 Writing n。
there are two main categories: XXX.X of 9 in this category means that the candidate has XXX of the task。
They have developed their response XXX。
XXX's n。
They have also used a wide range of vocabulary and structureswith full XXX。
Any errors made are rare and only XXX.A score of 8 in this category means that the XXX have presented。
highlighted。
and XXX。
They have also managed alln and XXX。
fluently。
XXX are error-free。
and they make only very nal errors.Grammatical Range and Accuracy: A score of 9 in this category means that the XXX grammar。
using structures with full XXX.A score of 8 in this category means that the XXX vocabulary and structures。
presenting them well with n。
They have a good command of grammar。
and any errors made are only XXX.Overall。
雅思作文task2考官simon技巧及范文整理
目录IELTS Advice: the "Firstly, Secondly, Finally" structure (6)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'traffic' topic (6)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'vegetarianism' topic (7)IELTS Writing Task 2: public/private healthcare (7)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'children' topic (8)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'immigration' topic (8)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'genetic engineering' topic (9)IELTS Writing Task 2: how to write an introduction (9)IELTS Writing Task 2: main body paragraphs (10)IELTS Writing Task 2: full essay—环境范文 (10)IELTS Writing Task 2: studying abroad (11)"Band 7 Vocabulary" for study aboard (12)IELTS Writing Task 2: crime topic (13)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'zoo' topic (13)IELTS Writing Task 2: education / practical skills (14)IELTS Writing Task 2: globalisation (15)IELTS Writing Task 2: advertising topic (15)IELTS Writing Task 2: tourism (16)IELTS Writing Task 2: global language argument (17)IELTS Writing Task 2: technology (17)Students' Questions: 'climate' topic (18)IELTS Writing Task 2: city problems (19)IELTS Writing Task 2: governments (19)IELTS writing Task 2: health topic (20)IELTS Writing Task 2: government spending (20)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'bottled water' topic (21)IELTS Writing Task 2: money and c onsumerism (21)IELTS Writing Task 2: fixed punishments (22)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'online shopping' topic (22)IELTS Writing Task 2: using the ebook (23)IELTS Writing: to what extent do you agree? (23)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'marriages' topic (24)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'road safety' topic (24)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'academic ability' topic (25)IELTS Writing Task 2: introductions (25)IELTS Advice: essay introductions (26)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'robots' topic (26)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'women and work' topic (27)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'minority languages' essay 范文 (28)IELTS Writing Advice: correcting yourself (28)IELTS Writing Task 2: the 'two-part' question (29)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'dependence' question (29)IELTS Writing Task 2: how to write introductions (30)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'job satisfaction' topic (30)IELTS Writing Task 2: sample discussion essay 范文 (31)IELTS Writing Task 2: how to write a paragraph (32)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'museums' essay 范文 (32)IELTS Writing Task 2: use related words (33)IELTS Writing Task 2: idea, explain, example (34)IELTS Writing Task 2: band 9 paragraph (34)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'sports salaries' topic (34)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'helping poor countries' topic (35)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'gender and university' topic (36)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'gender and university' essay 范文 (36)IELTS Writing Task 2: how to answer any question (37)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'technology' topic (38)IELTS Writing Task 2: the '2 part' question (38)IELTS Writing Task 2: recent question (39)IELTS Writing Task 2: globalisation of culture (39)IELTS Writing Task 2: advertising (40)IELTS Writing Task 2: method (41)IELTS Writing Task 2: different introductions (41)IELTS Writing Task 2: one view or both views? (41)IELTS Writing Task 2: problem and solution (42)IELTS Writing Task 2: balanced opinion (42)IELTS Writing Task 2: do the advantages outweigh...? .. (43)IELTS Writing Task 2: problem and solution (obesity) (43)IELTS Writing: 5 sentence paragraphs (44)IELTS Writing Task 2: example paragraph (45)IELTS Writing Task 2: higher education (45)IELTS Writing Task 2: difficult questions (46)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'equality' topic 范文 (46)IELTS Writing Task 2: plan your main paragraphs (47)IELTS Writing Task 2: discussion without opinion (48)IELTS Writing Task 2: conclusions (49)IELTS Writing Task 2: who should we help? (49)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'help' essay 范文 (50)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'global warming' topic 范文 (51)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'nuclear power' topic (51)IELTS Writing Task 2: using the word "I" (52)IELTS Writing Task 2: rules for introductions (52)IELTS Writing Task 2: main body paragraphs 范文 (53)IELTS Writing Task 2: full essay (53)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'media' topic (54)IELTS Writing Task 2: books, radio, TV (55)IELTS Writing Task 2: introductions and conclusions (56)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'art and science' topic (56)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'technology' essay 范文 (57)IELTS Writing Task 2: firstly, secondly, finally (58)IELTS Writing Task 2: agree, disagree, or both? (58)IELTS Writing Task 2: topic sentences (59)IELTS Writing Task 2: four question types (59)IELTS Writing Task 2: question types (60)IELTS Writing Task 2: examples give you ideas (60)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'hobbies' essay plan (61)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'hobbies' essay 范文 (61)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'university' topic (62)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'prisons' topic (62)IELTS Writing Task 2: both sides or one side? (63)IELTS Writing Task 2: the importance of planning (64)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'food technology' topic (64)IELTS Writing Task 2: introduction without opinion (65)IELTS Writing Task 2: fully respond to the question (65)IELTS Writing Task 2: completely disagree (66)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'unpaid work' essay 范文 (66)IELTS Writing Task 2: before you start writing (67)IELTS Writing Task 2: from ideas to paragraph 范文 (67)IELTS Writing Task 2: idea and paragraph 范文 (68)IELTS Writing Task 2: problem & solution introduction (69)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'discussion' introduction (69)IELTS Writing Task 2: advantages and disadvantages (69)IELTS Writing Task 2: how to use your 40 minutes (70)IELTS Writing Task 2: the 10-minute plan (70)IELTS Writing Task 2: answer all parts of the question (71)IELTS Writing Task 2: no surprises! (71)IELTS Writing Task 2: introduction and conclusion (71)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'music' topic (72)IELTS Writing Task 2: correct the mistakes (72)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'music' essay 范文 (73)IELTS Writing Task 2: collocations (74)IELTS Writing Task 2: use what you learn (74)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'housing' topic (74)IELTS Writing Task 2: introduction technique (75)IELTS Writing Task 2: are you stuck? (75)IELTS Writing Task 2: parents or schools? (76)IELTS Writing Task 2: video games (76)IELTS Writing Task 2: video games (76)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'video games' essay 范文 (77)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'petrol price' introduction (78)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'capital punishment' topic (78)IELTS Writing Task 2: introduction and conclusion (79)IELTS Writing Task 2: from plan to paragraph (79)IELTS Writing Task 2: problem/solution essay 范文 (80)IELTS Writing Task 2: ways to prepare (81)IELTS Writing Task 2: two common mistakes (82)IELTS Writing Task 2: make your own questions (82)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'money' topic (82)IELTS Writing Task 2: agree or disagree? (83)IELTS Writing Task 2: opinion, not discussion (83)IELTS Writing Task 2: band 9 paragraph 范文 (84)IELTS Writing Task 2: firstly, secondly, finally (84)IELTS Writing Task 2: longer introductions? 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(95)IELTS Writing Task 2: band 9 paragraph 范文 (95)IELTS Writing Task 2: writing without linkers (95)IELTS Writing Task 2: better linking (95)IELTS Writing Task 2: some recent questions (96)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'disagree' essay plan (97)IELTS Writing Task 2: children's upbringing (98)IELTS Writing Task 2: argument or discussion? (99)IELTS Writing Task 2: improve the sentences (99)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'money' topic (99)IELTS Writing Task 2: always plan first! (100)IELTS Writing Task 2: introduction and conclusion (100)Saturday, October 26, 2013 (101)IELTS Advice: how essays are marked (101)IELTS Writing Task 2: balanced answer for agree/disagree (102)IELTS Writing Task 2: strong answer for agree/disagree (103)IELTS Writing Task 2: strong opinion answer (104)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'foreign tourists' essay 范文 (104)IELTS Writing Task 2: strong or balanced opinion (105)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'perfect society' question (105)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'perfect society' paragraph (106)IELTS Writing Task 2: consumer society (106)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'credit cards' question (107)IELTS Writing Advice: a useful question (107)IELTS Writing Task 2: short, clear introduction (108)IELTS Writing Task 2: band 9 paragraph (108)IELTS Writing Task 2: firstly, secondly, finally (108)IELTS Writing Task 2: another example (108)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'while' introductions (109)IELTS Writing Task 2: really short conclusion! (109)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'independence' question 范文 (109)IELTS Writing Task 2: seeing both sides (110)IELTS Writing Task 2: strong opinion & both sides (110)IELTS Writing Task 2: using examples (111)IELTS Writing Task 2: five-sentence paragraphs (111)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'salary' essay 范文 (112)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'role models' topic (113)IELTS Writing Task 2: balanced answer (113)IELTS Writing Task 2: a real example (113)IELTS Writing Task 2: add your own conclusion celebrities 范文 (114)IELTS Writing Advice: don't use these phrases (115)IELTS Writing Task 2: very simple conclusion (115)IELTS Writing Task 2: timing (115)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'strong opinion' answer (116)IELTS Writing Task 2: brainstorm then organise (116)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'private schools' essay 范文 (117)IELTS Writing Task 2: try this exercise (117)IELTS Writing Task 2: a recent question (118)IELTS Writing Task 2: from plan to paragraph (119)IELTS Writing Task 2: can you see the problem? (120)IELTS Writing Task 2: do YOU agree? (120)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'happiness' question (120)IELTS Writing Task 2: two-part question (121)IELTS Writing Task 2: two-part question (121)IELTS Writing Task 2: 'happiness' essay 范文 (122)IELTS Writing Task 2: five ideas, five sentences (122)IELTS Writing Task 2: five-sentence paragraph (123)IELTS Writing Task 2: CCTV topic (123)IELTS Writing Task 2: CCTV introduction (124)New video lesson (124)IELTS Writing Task 2: which part to answer (124)IELTS Writing Task 2: which part to answer (125)IELTS Writing Task 2: main ideas, supporting points (125)IELTS Writing Task 2: paraphrasing practice (126)IELTS Advice: the "Firstly, Secondly, Finally" structureI've had some great responses about the video lesson, but some students were surprised that you can get a band 9 usi ng "Firstly, Secondly, F inally".Is the phrase "First and foremost" better than "Firstly"?The answer is NO.Using simple organising language like "Firstly, Secondly" makes you focus on the REAL CONTENT of what you are writing - topic vocabulary, collocations, examples. This is what the examiner wants to see.Spend your time preparing ideas, opinions and examples for IELTS topics, not learning alternative ways to write "Firstly".IELTS Writing Task 2: 'traffic' topicToday I'd like to show you a good essay by one of my students. This is the essay question:Traffic congestion is becoming a huge problem for many major cities. Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce traffic in big cities.I gave the student's essay a band 7, mainly because it contains some really good topic vocabulary. Open the file below to see the full essay, grammar corrections and my comments.IELTS Writing Task 2: 'vegetarianism' topicToday I asked my students about the vegetarianism topic. They found it quite difficult to give both sides of the argument. It's important to be able to discuss both sides of an issue, even if there are points that you don't agree with.Here is a summary of the arguments in favour of a vegetarian diet, according to the speaker in yesterday's video:•A vegetarian diet is healthier.•Eating a hamburger a day can increase your risk of dying by a third.•Raising animals in factory farm conditions is cruel.•Meat production causes more emissions than transportation.•Beef production uses 100 times the amount of water that vegetable production requires.•A vegetarian diet is cheaper.So, basically he is sayi n g that a vegetarian diet is healthier, kinder to animals, better for the environment and cheaper.Now you need to think about the opposite argument. Feel free to discuss your ideas in the "comments" area.IELTS Writing Task 2: public/private healthcareA recent IELTS Writing Task 2 question was about the advantages and disadvantages of private healthcare. Here are some ideas from my ebook:State Health Systems: Advantages•Good healthcare should be available to everyone for free.•State healthcare is paid by the government using money from taxes.•Everyone has access to the same quality of care and treatment.•Private healthcare is unfair because only wealthy people can afford it.•The National Health Service in the UK provides free healthcare for every resident. (use this as an example)Private Healthcare: Advantages•State hospitals are often very large and difficult to run.•Private hospitals have shorter waiting lists for operations and appointments.•Patients can benefit from faster treatment.•Many people prefer to pay for a more personal service.•Patients have their own room and more comfortable facilities.Note:You can use the advantages of state healthcare when discussing the disadvantages of private healthcare.IELTS Writing Task 2: 'children' topicWhat problems do children face in today's world? What should we do to address or solve these problems?Here are some ideas from my ebook to get you thinking about this topic: •The lack of closeness in families can have a negative effect on children.•Many parents have no idea how their children spend their time.•Friends, television and the Internet have become the main influences on children’s behaviour.•Teenagers are influenced by peer pressure.•Juvenile delinquency is on the increase.•Parents should be more involved with their children’s upbringing.•Young people need positi ve role models.Can you think of any more problems that children face, or suggest other solutions? Is it the responsibility of parents, schools or governments to tackle these problems?IELTS Writing Task 2: 'immigration' topicWhat are the benefits and drawbacks of immigration or multi-cultural societies?Here is a paragraph giving some of the economic benefits of immigration:From an economic perspecti v e, immigration can be extremely positi v e. Many immigrants have skills that are needed in the country they move to. For example, countries sometimes lack key workers like doctors and nurses, and immigration is therefore encouraged. Immigrants who find work contribute to the economy of their new country with the skills they bring and the taxes they pay. At the same time, many immigrants send money to help family members in their home country, therefore helping to boost that economy too.Can you think of any social benefits of immigration? Are there any economic or social disadvantages?IELTS Writing Task 2: 'genetic engineering' topicWould you be able to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering? Here are some ideas from my ebook:- Genetic engineering is the practice of manipulating the genes of an organism. - It is used to produce crops that are more resistant to insects and diseases. - Some genetically modified crops grow more quickly.- Some drugs and vaccines are produced by genetic engineering.- It may become possible to change a person's genetic characteristics.- Scientists may use genetic engineering to cure diseases.- Inherited illnesses would no longer exist.- Genes could be changed before a baby is born.- It could also be possible to clone human organs.- We could have replacement body parts.- Humans could live longer, healthier lives.IELTS Writing Task 2: how to write an introductionFor IELTS Writing Task 2, keep your introduction short and simple. Don't waste time writing a long introduction; the main body paragraphs are more important.A good IELTS Writing introduction needs only 2 things:1.A sentence that introduces the topic2.A sentence that gives a short, general answer to the questionHere is an example of an IELTS Task 2 question:As computers are being used more and more in education, there will soon be no role for the teacher in the classroom. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Here is my introduction:It is true that computers have become an essential tool for teachers and students in all areas of education. However, while computers are extremely useful, I do not agree with the idea that they could soon replace t eachers completely.1.In the first sentence I introduce the topic of computers in education.2.In the second sentence I answer the question and make my opinionclear. Don't wait until the conclusion to give your opinion. Remember, do a simple introduction, then you can focus on the main paragraphs.IELTS Writing Task 2: main body paragraphsAfter you introduction (see last week's lesson) you need to write 2 or 3 main body paragraphs. This is the most important part of your essay.If you have been following this blog for a while, or if you have bought my ebook, you may have seen today's paragraph before. However, I'm reusi n g it for 2 reasons:1. I t's a great example of how to write an "advantages" paragraph using a"firstly, secondly, finally" structure.2. T here are some excellent comments from students below this lesson.If you read them carefully, you will learn a lot.Main body "advantages" paragraph (band 9):There are several advantages to using computers ineducation. Firstly, students learn new skills which will be extremely useful for their future jobs. For example, they learn to write reports or other documents using a word processor, and they can practise doing spoken presentations using PowerPoint slides. Second l y,technology is a powerful tool to engage students. The use of websites or online videos can make lessons much more interesti n g, and many students are more motivated to do homework or research using online resources. Finally, if each student has a computer to work on, they can study at their own pace.IELTS Writing Task 2: full essay—环境范文Usually I suggest writing 4 paragraphs for task 2. However, sometimes it might be better to write 5 paragraphs. The following essay question has three parts, so I've written three main body paragraphs (5 paragraphs in total).Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can governments do to address these problems? What can individual people do?Humans are responsible for a variety of environmental problems, but we c an also take steps to reduce the damage that we are causing to the planet. This essay will discuss environmental problems and the measures that governments and individuals can take to address these problems.Two of the biggest threats to the environment are air pollution and waste. Gas emissions from factories and exhaust fumes from vehicles lead to global warming, which may have a devastati n g effect on the planet in the future. As the human population increases, we are also producing ever greater quantities of waste, which contami n ates the earth and pollutes ri vers and oceans.Governments could certainly make more effort to reduce air pollution. They could introduce laws to limit emissions from factories or to force companies to use renewable energy from solar, wind or water power. They could also impose ‘green taxes’ on d rivers and airline companies. In this way, people would be encouraged to use public transport and to take fewer flights abroad, therefore reducing emissions.Individuals should also take responsibility for t he impact they have on the environment. They can take public transport rather than driving, choose products with less packaging, and recycle as much as possible. Most supermarkets now provide reusable bags for shoppers as well as ‘banks’for recycling glass, plastic and paper in their car parks. By reusing and recycli n g, we can help to reduce waste.In conclusion, both national governments and individuals must play their part in looking after the environment.Note:This essay is exactly 250 words long. I've tried to make it as simple as possible, but it's still good enough to get a band 9.IELTS Writing Task 2: studying abroadMore and more students are choosing to study at colleges and universities in a foreign country. Do the benefits of studying a broad outweigh the drawbacks?Here are some ideas from my ebook:Benefits of studying abroad:•Many students travel abroad to study at a prestigious university.•The best universities employ lecturers who are experts in their fields.•Qualifications gained abroad can open doors to better jobopportunities.•Living in a foreign country can broaden students' horizons.•Overseas students are exposed to different cultures and customs.•They can immerse themselves in a language.Drawbacks of studying abroad:•Living away from home can be challengi n g.•Students have problems with paperwork such as visa applications.•The language barrier can cause difficulties.•Students have to find accommodation and pay bills.•Many students feel homesick and miss their families.•Some students experience culture shock.Which of the words or phrases above do you think would be considered band 7 or higher?"Band 7 Vocabulary" for study aboardWhen I say "band 7 vocabulary", I'm really talki n g about vocabulary that could help you to get a band 7 or higher. Examiners are looking for "less common" words and phrases, correct and relevant collocations, and maybe some idiomatic language.I've written the following paragraph usi n g some of the ideas from the lesson below. I've underlined the band 7 (or higher) vocabulary.Advantages of studying abroad:Many students choose to study abroad because there are greate r opportunities in a particular foreign country. Foreign universities may o f fer better facilities or courses. They may also be more pres t igious than universities in the student’s own country and have teachers who are e x perts in their fields. Therefore, by studying abroad, students can expa n d their knowledge and gain q u alifications that ope n the door to better job opportunities. A period of study abroad can also b ro a d e n s t u d e n ts’ ho r i z o n s . In the new country, they will have to live and work with other students of various nationalities. Thus, overseas students are e x posed to differe n t c u ltures, custo m s a n d points o f view.(106 words)IELTS Writing Task 2: crime topicHere is a "problem/solution" question, with some ideas for an essay b elow:Many criminals re-offend after they have been punished. Why do some people continue to commit crimes after they have been punished, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem?Causes of crime and re-offending:•The main causes of crime are poverty, unemployment and lack of education.•People who commit crimes often have no other way of making a living.•The prison system can make the situation worse.•Offenders mix with other crimi n als who can be a negative influence.•A criminal record makes finding a job more difficult.•Many prisoners re-offend when they are released.Possible measures to reduce crime and re-offending:•Prisons should provide education or vocational training.•Rehabilitation 修复康复programmes prepare prisoners for release into society.•Community service is another way to reform offenders.•It makes offenders useful in their local communities.•They might be required to talk to school groups or clean public areas.•Offenders also need help when looking for accommodation and work.IELTS Writing Task 2: 'zoo' topicSome people believe that it is wrong to keep animals in zoos, while others think that zoos are both entertaining and ecologically important. Discuss both views.Here are some (band 7 or higher) vocabulary ideas. I've organised the vocabulary according to different perspecti v es.Positives of keeping animals in zoos:1. E nvironmental perspective: Zoos play an important role in wildlifeconservation. They help to protect endangered species. They allowscientists to study animal behaviour.2. E conomic perspective: Zoos employ large numbers of people. Theyprovide job opportunities and income for the local area. The moneyraised can be used for conservation projects.3. P ersonal perspective: Zoos are interesting, educational and fun.They make a great day out for families. Children learn to appreciatewildlife and nature.Negatives of zoos:1. E nvironmental perspective: Zoos are artificial environments.Animals lose their instinct to hunt for food. It would be better to saveendangered species by protecting their natural habitats.2. M oral perspective: Keeping animals in cages is unethical. We haveno right to use animals for entertainment. Zoos exhibit animals withthe aim of making a profit.IELTS Writing Task 2: education / practical skillsSeveral students have asked me to help them with this IELTS question: Some people think that school children need to learn practical skills such as car maintenance or bank account management along with the academic subjects at school. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Here are some suggestions (this is NOT an e ssay):1. Introduce the topic then give your opinionI would write that it is true that children learn academic subjects at school, but not many practical skills. However, I would then disagree that schools should teach skills like bank account management and car maintenance.2. First supporting paragraphI would write a paragraph about the importance of academic subjects like maths, science, languages etc. We live in a knowledge-based economy where independent thinki n g and problem solvi n g are the most important skills. With timetables already full, schools do not have time to teach children anything else.3. Second supporting paragraphI would argue that bank account management is a 'life skill' that anyone can learn by simply opening a bank account. Most adults have no problem managing their finances without being taught accounti ng lessons at school. Other ski l ls like car maintenance are not really necessary. Most people take their cars to a qualified mechanic.4. ConclusionRepeat the idea that schools are already doing a good job teaching the traditional academic subjects. If they start to teach practical skills, the study of important academic subjects will suffer.。
Vocabulary for IELTS
V ocabulary for IELTS1.jeopardize v. 危害The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardizing human health.2.demanding adj. 要求高的; 苛求的Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human.3.coin v. 创造新词语The term “cardboard city” was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.4.eliminate v. 消除，排除，清除The diet claims to eliminate toxins from the body.5.expertise n. 专门知识，专门技术AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying expertise learned in one—such as building muscle strength in golfers—to others, such as swimming and squash.6.lopsided adj. 偏向一边的，有偏见的The article presents somewhat a lopsided view of event.7.pragmatic adj. 实际的，务实的You need to take a pragmatic approach to this tough problem.8.arduous adj. 艰难的，艰苦的The mission before us is arduous.9.domain n.（知识或活动）的领域，范围，范畴The care of older people is being placed firmly within the domain of the family.10.preliminary adj. 开始的，预备性的，初步的After a few preliminary remarks, he announced the winners.11.p redominate v. （数量上）占优势，占主导地位Women predominated in the audience.Private interest was not allowed to predominate over the public good.12.p rior to 在前面的Prior to the speech competition, the headmaster announced the contestants’ names.13.demolish v. 拆毁，拆除建筑物，推翻，驳倒The factory is due to demolished next year.A recent book has demolished this theory.14.d etrimental adj. 有害的，不利的The policy will be detrimental to the peace progress.15.p light n.苦难，困境，困境The African elephant is in a desperate plight.16.e xceed v. 超过数量，超越法律和命令的限制The price will not exceed 100 dollars.The officers had exceeded their authority.17.scrupulous adj. 仔细的，细致的，一丝不苟的You must be scrupulous about hygiene when you’re preparing a baby’s need.18.e licit v. 引出，探出，诱出Her tears elicited great sympathy from her audience.19.s uccessive adj.连续的，接连的，相继的This was his successive win.Successive governments have tried to tackle the problem.20.i ncompatible adj. 与某一事物不一致，不相配These two objectives are mutually incompatible.The hours of job are incompatible with family life.21.i ncongruous adj. 不合适的，不相称的，不协调的Such traditional methods seem incongruous in our technical age.22.t ake its toll/ take a heavy toll on …产生恶果，造成重大损失或上网灾害等The recession is taking its toll on the housing markets.23.harness v.控制利用（以产生能量等）Harnessing the wind would not have been a problem for accomplished sailors like the Egyptians.24.u ncanny adj. 异常的，难以解释的I had an uncanny feeling that I was being watched.25. brute adj. 根本而令人不快的，赤裸裸的We eventually have to accept the brute facts of inequality.25.mandate v.授权With the onset of statehood, however, the State of Alaska took over management of its own fisheries, guided by a state constitution which mandates that Alaska’s natural resources bemanaged on a sustainable basis.26. recognize/ certify v.正式认可，接受，赞同The MSC was established to recognize fisheries that care for environment.27. specimen n. 样品，样本，标本Studies carried out by Turner of many thousands of New and Old world specimens, both ancient and modern, suggest that the majority of prehistoric Americans are linked to Northern Asian populations by crown and root traits.28. pump out 大量生产或制造Our cars pump out thousands of tons of poisonous fumes every year.29. exert v. 运用，行使，施加，努力，竭力He exerted all his authority to make them accept the plan.The moon exerts a force on the earth that causes the tide.In order to be successful, he would have to exert himself.30. flimsy adj. 已损坏的，不足信的The evidence against him is pretty flimsy.31. unscathed adj. 未受损害的，未受伤The hostages emerged from their ordeal unscathed.32. obstruct v. 阻挡，阻塞，妨碍Fish and dolphins that live in extremely muddy water cannot see because, although there is light, it is obstructed and scattered by the dirt in the water.33. scrape v.艰难取得，勉强获得They scraped a living by playing music on the streets.34. emulate v.努力赶上，同某人竞争She hopes to emulate her sister’s sporting—achievement.35. albeit conj. 尽管，虽然He finally agreed, albeit reluctantly, to help us.36. auditory adj. 听觉的Such chemical communication can be compared to the human use of visual and auditory channels to arouse and propagate moods and attitudes.37. odour n. 尤指难闻的气味，臭味Elaborate precautions were taken to prevent the foraging team using odour clues.38. preferential adj. 优先的，优惠的，优待的Don’t expect to get preferential treatment.39. unrivalled adj. 无与伦比的，无双的What he has achieved in this field is unrivalled.40. manifest v. 表明，清楚显示，显现adj. 明显的，显而易见的The results suggest unexpected noise produces fatigue but that this manifests itself later.41. ameliorate v. 改善Steps have been taken to ameliorate the situation.42. consensus n.共识，一致的意见There is a general consensus among teachers about the need for greater security in schools.43. consecutive adj. 连续不断的She was absent for nine consecutive days.He is beginning his forth consecutive term of his office.44. confer v. confer sth on sth/sb 授予He conferred stability on the language of his country.45. elusive adj. 难以找的，难以解释的，难以达到的A solution to the problem of toxic waste is proving elusive.46. exacerbate v.使恶化，使加剧，使加重The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs.47. interactive adj. 合作的，相互影响的，相互配合的The school believes in interactive teaching method.48. attribute v. 归因于，认为什么是什么的原因attribute sth to sthShe attributes her success to hard work and a little luck.49.disposable adj. 可支配的With the improvement of people’s living standard, they have more disposable income to purchase private cars.50. apt adj. 恰当的，适当的，有什么倾向Babies are apt to put objects into their mouths.51. rigid adj.死板的，僵硬的，僵直的，不弯曲的The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.She sat upright, her body rigid with fear.52. aesthetic adj. 审美的，美学的，有审美观点的，美的，艺术的The benefits of conservation are both financial and aesthetic. Their furniture was more aesthetic than functional.53.advisable adj. 合理的，明智的，可取的It is advisable to book early.54. encumber v. 妨碍，阻碍，拖累The police operation was encumbered by crowds of reporters.55. phenomenal adj. 了不起的，非凡的The product has been a phenomenal success.56. reconcile v. 调和，是和谐一致，使配合reconcile sth with sthWe should make an attempt to reconcile the need for industrial development with concern for the environment.57. vulnerable adj. 脆弱的，易受伤害的vulnerable to sthIn cases of food poisoning, young children are especially vulnerable.58. subject to sth 使经受，使遭受The city was subjected to heavy bombing.The defence lawyers claimed that the prisoners had been subjected to cruel and degrading treatment.。
雅思听力场景词汇精华版
IELTS Listening VocabularyScene 1: Accommodation 住宿y location 位置考点y layout 布局 y type of house 房屋类型y facilities 房屋设施信息y Newspaper Advertisement/Ads 广告 y House Agency 房屋中介y city centre 市中心y downtown 商业中心区y urban 城市的位置 y street 街道y avenue 大道y road 路y lane 小路小巷y flat (英) 公寓y apartment (美) 公寓类型y studio flat/apartment 单居室公寓 y hall(s) of residence (英) 学校公寓y dormitory/dorm (美) 学生宿舍y youth hostel 青年旅店y house agent 房屋代理人人y landlord 房东y landlady 女房东y facilities 设施y lobby 大堂大厅y lounge 公共休息室y entrance gate/hall 入口y foyer 休息室、门厅y garden 花园y yard 围绕建筑物的一块场地y attic 阁楼设施 y balcony 阳台y basement 地下室y garage 车库y radio(s) 收音机y stereo 立体声音响y lamp 台灯y digital camera 数码相机y lift(英)elevator(美)电梯y furnished 配备家具的饮食y vegetarian 素食者 n./a. y take-away 外卖y environment 环境 y contact 联系方式 y rental price 房租价格 y rules and regulations 规则,规定 y Accommodation Office 宿舍管理办公室 y social network 社会网络 y suburb 郊区 y rural 农村的 y outskirts 外围地区，郊外 y countryside 乡下，农村 y village 村庄 y cottage 小屋，村舍y homestay 家庭寄宿 y host family 寄宿家庭 y friendly faces 住在当地人家里 y en suite 带独立卫浴设备的宿舍 y standard suite 标准套间 y bedsit 小套房(卧室兼起居室) y property owner 业主 y tenant 房客，租客 y flatmate 同公寓房客 y refrigerator(fridge) 冰箱 y air-conditioner 空调 y water heater 热水器 y shower 淋浴 y radiator 电暖炉 y stove 炉灶 y microwave oven 微波炉 y flashlight 电筒 y kitchen curtain 厨房窗帘 y cabinet 橱柜 y drawer 抽屉 y cot 轻便小床 y bed sheet 床单 y blanket 毛毯 y carpet 地毯 y cushion 沙发靠垫 y towel 浴巾毛巾 y meal times 就餐时间 y weekdays/workdays 周一至五Compiled By Chen Qian1问题 规定 费用 付款y not near the railway station 离火车站远 y insect 昆虫y far from the bus stop 离汽车站远y shared kitchen 公用厨房y near the airport 离机场近y have no privacy 没有隐私y lock 锁y no smoking/drinking/pets allowedy front door key 前门钥匙禁止吸烟/喝酒/养宠物y emergency, fire door 消防通道y be allergic to 对…过敏y maximum rent 最高租金y laundry charges 洗衣费y minimum rent 最低租金y water/electricity/power/telephone billy rental price 租金价格水费/电费/电话账单y refundable deposit 可退还的押金y personal property insurancey hire furniture 租家具个人财产保险y week by week/ per week / weeklyy by credit card 信用卡y cash 现金y Master Card 万事达卡y by cheque/check 支票y Visa Card 维萨卡Compiled By Chen Qian2Scene 2: Food & Diet 饮食y College Dining Room/Hall 学校餐厅y Riverside Restaurant 河边餐厅y seafood restaurant 海鲜餐厅Placey self-service restaurant 自助餐厅 y café 咖啡馆, 小餐馆（不供酒水）y cafeteria [美]自助食堂[餐馆]y school cafeteria 学校食堂/自助餐厅y buffet lunch 自助餐y cater 提供饮食及服务Drinksy drinks and snacks 饮料和零食 y refreshment 茶点，点心y alcoholic beverages 含酒精的饮料y cater 提供饮食及服务y regular dinner 套餐y snack 快餐，零售y mid-morning snacks (上午)间食y appetizer/starter 开胃小吃y soup 汤y side dishes 副菜y main course 主菜Foody dessert/after-dinner snacks 饭后甜点y French / Italian cuisine 法国/意大利菜y vegetarian 素食主义者y red meat (pork, lamb, mutton, beef)红肉（猪肉、羔羊肉、羊肉、牛肉等）y white meat(fish, chicken, duck)白肉 (鱼肉、鸡肉、鸭肉等)y meat and cheese 肉类和奶酪y junk food 垃圾食品y hot (味道)剌激性的, 辛辣的Description y spicy辛辣的y greasy 油腻的y kitchen utensils 厨房器皿Itemy cutlery 餐具y pay the bill 付账的Payment y split the bill 平均分担费用y go Dutch AA 制y coffee shop 咖啡店 y pub 酒吧 y drive-in restaurant 免下车餐馆 y bakery 面包店 y pizzeria 比萨饼店 y snack bar 小吃店 y tavern 客栈y tea and coffee 茶和咖啡 y mineral water 矿泉水 y fruit juice 果汁 y coke cola 可乐 y hamburger 汉堡包 y vegetable burger 蔬菜堡 y take-away 外卖 y hot dog 热狗 y sandwich 三明治 y pizza 披萨 y fish and chips 炸鱼加炸土豆片 y sauce调味汁, 酱汁 y vinegar 醋 y flour 面粉 y lentil curry 小扁豆咖喱 y garlic大蒜 y salad 沙拉 y nut(s) 干果, 坚果 y chocolate 巧克力y tasty美味的，可口的 y delicious 美味的 y low nutrition 低营养 y knife and fork 刀和叉y by credit card 信用卡付账 y change 零钱 y tips 小费Compiled By Chen Qian3Scene 3: Travel(l)ing 旅游考点 活动准备Landscape风景主要考察地名(distance from nearest city),行政区划,人口(population),语言,风土人情,有利和不利因素 (advantage/disadvantage),吸引人之处(attraction) ,气候和天气(climate/weather：wet and windy, cold and wet, rainy, cloudy.)y tour 旅行, 观光y swimming 游泳y tourism 旅游业y jogging 慢跑y trip 短途旅行y excursion 远足y voyage 航行, 航海y cycling 骑自行车y cruise乘船巡游y mountain climbing 登山y hiking 徒步旅行y hot air ballooning 乘坐热气球y banquet 宴会y rafting 漂流y feast 盛宴y skiing 滑雪y picnic 野餐y water skiing 滑水y camping 野营y rowing划船，赛艇运动y barbecue 烧烤y leisure time 空闲时间y plan the route 计划路线y relaxation 消遣，娱乐y itinerary 旅程, 行程y unwind yourself 放松自己y schedule 时间表；明细表y recreation means 娱乐方式y planner 计划(表)y travel agency 旅行社y emergency contact person 紧急联系人y package tour 跟团旅游y self-organized expedition 自助游穿着y comfortable clothes/trousers 舒适的衣服y walking boots 步行靴y sandal [`sændl] 凉鞋y wading boots 涉水靴y sun glasses 太阳眼镜y stout boots 结实的靴子携带物品y book of local history 当地历史书y passport 护照y entrance fee 门票y visa 签证y insurance 保险y fishing gear 钓具y safety helmet 安全帽y double-grill 双层烤架y souvenir 纪念品y booklet 小册子y tourist brochure 游客手册y make a reservation 预定y timetable 时刻表y book the ticket 预定票y airport tax 机场税y confirm a reservation 确定定位y duty-free shop 免税店y cancel one’s reservation 取消定位y vacant seat 空座y first come, first reservation 先到先服务原则 y excess change 超重y fare 票价y direct/ non-stop flight 直达航班y toll 通行费y connecting-flight 转机y saver ticket 优惠票y layover/ stopover 中途停留y open ticket 开放机票y check in 办理登记手续y one-way ticket 单程票y driving license 驾照y round-trip ticket 往返票y expire （信用卡，护照）过期y art gallery 画廊，艺术馆y cave 洞穴y education exhibition 教育展y fossil 化石Compiled By Chen Qian4人 住宿交通 其他y exhibition of instruments 乐器展 y historical/ art/science/natural/museum 历史、艺术、科学、自然博物馆 y concert hall 音乐厅 y cathedral总教堂, 大教堂 y church 教堂 y castle 城堡 y palace 宫殿 y coastal area 沿海地区 y eastern beach 东海岸 y harbour/harbor海港 y theme garden 主题花园 y backyard (yard) <美>后花园 y department store 百货商店 y family ticket 家庭套票 y children y kid 儿童 y elder 长辈 y the old 老人 y hotel 宾馆 y motel 汽车旅馆 y youth hostel 青年旅社 y free transportation 免费运送 y one-way ticket 单程票 y round trip ticket 往返票 y rush hour 交通高峰期 y vehicle 车辆 y wheel 方向盘，车轮 y ferry 轮渡 y flight 航班 y bus route 公车路线 y mini-sized coach 长途汽车 y bicycle 自行车 y motorcycle 摩托车 y safety regulations 安全规章y ancient temple 古庙 y silent island 孤岛 y tower 塔 y outdoor activities 户外活动 y forest area森林地带 y wildlife 野生动植物 y safari park 野生动物园 y tropical rainforest 热带雨林 y creek 小溪 y Central Park 中心公园 y Stonehenge 巨石阵 y Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁 y Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院 y Tower of London 伦敦塔 y passenger 旅客 y shopper 购物者 y commuter 通勤者 y tourist 游客 y thief 小偷 y B&B (bed and breakfast) 民宿 y cottage 小屋y trolley 电车 y tram 有轨电车 y steam engine ship 蒸汽船 y cable car 缆车 y wheelchair 轮椅 y double-decker bus 双层公共汽车 y coach/ motor coach 长途汽车 y trolleybus 无轨电车 y tramcar, streetcar 有轨电车 y tube/subway/underground/Metro 地铁 y driving/driver’s license 驾照y helmet 头盔Compiled By Chen Qian5Scene 4: Health 健康y catch a cold 感冒y sore throat 嗓子疼y cough 咳嗽y stuffed nose 鼻子不通症状y fever 发烧y stiff neck 脖子发僵Symptom y dizzy 头晕y allergic 过敏的y headache 头痛y insomnia 失眠y stomachache 胃痛y drowsiness 嗜睡，睡意y toothache 牙痛y epidemic 流行病y tropical disease 热带病疾病 Diseasey influenza 流感 y heart disease 心脏病 y injury 损伤y yellow fever 黄热病 y chest infection 胸部发炎 y decayed teeth 蛀牙y wound 伤口y eyesight 视力y disabled 肢体残疾的y Medical Center 医疗中心y private practice 私人诊所y Health Center 健康中心y General Practioner/ GP 全科医师y private clinic 私人诊所医院及医生 y make an appointment 预约 y surgeon 外科医生y vet 兽医 y psychiatric a.精神病的；y physician 内科医生y psychiatrist n.精神病学家y oculist / eye doctor 眼科医生y nurse 护士y dentist 牙医y patient 患者, 病人y head 头y wrist 手腕y forehead 额头y palm 手掌y eyes 眼睛y finger 手指身体y nose 鼻子 y mouth 嘴y chin, jaws 下巴 y waist 腰部y ear 耳朵y heart 心脏y neck 脖子, 颈部y ankle 脚踝y arm 手臂y slim 苗条的, 纤细的y precaution/prevention 预防y have an operation 动手术y take one ‘s temperature 量体温y ambulance 救护车治疗y take one’s blood pressure 量血压 y feel one’s pulse 量脉搏y therapy 理疗，疗法 y relaxation therapy 放松疗法Treatment y to prescribe/ give a prescription 开处方 y recreaton therapy 娱乐疗法y take medicine or pills 吃药y psychotherapy 精神疗法，心理疗法y get/have/receive an injection 打针y physical therapy 理疗y chemist’s 药店，药房y pill，tablet 药片，药丸y antibiotics 抗生素y vitamin 维他命药物y aspirin 阿斯匹林y capsule 胶囊y pain killer 止痛片y ointment 药膏y penicillin 盘尼西林y vaccine 疫苗y mental 精神的y cycle 循环其他y physical 肉体的y blood flow 血流y beats 跳动的次数yCompiled By Chen Qian6Scene 5: Social Life 社会生活 Sports Activitiesy Town Hall 市政厅y Main Hall 主厅地点y Fitness Center 健身中心 y Sports Hall 体育馆y gym 健身房, 运动场y stadium 露天体育场y personal trainer /PT 私人教练y instructor 教练人y coach 教练y team leader 领队y judge 评委y interest 爱好y hobby 嗜好y taste 爱好y bowling 保龄球活动y bowling alley 保龄球道 y football 橄榄球y soccer 英式足球y hunting 打猎y hiking 远足 Shopping y y y y y y y Movie y y y yretail pattern 零售模式 shopping mall/center 购物中心 department store 百货商店 general store杂货店，综合商店 grocery store 食品商店 reasonable price 合理的价格 free parking lot 免费停车场movie theater 电影院 comedy 喜剧 tragedy 悲剧 documentary 纪录片 Partyy fancy dress 晚会服装；奇装异服 y fancy party 化妆舞会 y decoration balloons 装饰气球 y toy 玩具y fitness club 健身俱乐部 y soccer club 足球俱乐部 y walking club 徒步旅行俱乐部 y tennis club 网球俱乐部 y chess club 国际象棋俱乐部 y golf club 高尔夫俱乐部 y referee/umpire 裁判员 y sportsman 男运动员 y membership 会员资格； y gym membership 健身房会员 y annual membership fee 年会费 y cycling 骑自行车 y tennis 网球 y squash 壁球 y surfing 冲浪 y roller-skating 旱冰 y water-skiing 滑水 y swimming 游泳 y yoga 瑜珈 y weight training 力量训练y bookshop 书店 y shopping online 网上购物 y website网站, 网址 y counter（商店、银行等的）柜台 y shop assistant售货员 y item 项目/货品/东西 e.g. single item 单件物品y cartoon 卡通片 y science fiction movie 科幻片 y literary film 故事片 y headphone头戴式耳机y film festival 电影节 y guest宾客 y waiter / waitress (男/女)服务生Compiled By Chen Qian7yyyy服装yyyyyy Industryyyyyy Workingyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy Banking人yy账户yyyyyydress code 着装要求 costume服装, 女装 formal clothes 正装 casual clothes 休闲装 comfortable clothes 舒适的衣服 dark/black trousers 深色/黑色裤子 black skirt 黑色短裙 blue sweater 蓝色毛衣 school uniform 校服 party wear 晚宴装y casual/leisure wear 休闲服 y sportswear 运动装 y uniform 制服 y suit一套衣服, 西装 y swimming suit 游泳衣 y silver cloth 银布 y clothing 服装 y jeans 牛仔服 y sandal 凉鞋 y spare socks 备用袜子forestry industry 林业 mining industry 矿业 energy industry 能源业 fishing industry 渔业 insurance company 保险公司y agriculture/agricultural y farming products 农产品 y wetland 沼泽地，湿地 y marsh 沼泽 y black velvet 黑天鹅绒，材料名employment 就业，职业 unemployment 失业 employ 雇佣 employer 雇主 employee 雇员 staff 全体职员 the role of staff 员工的角色 director 主任、董事、导演 accountant 会计师 shop manager 店长 senior manager 高层管理者 engine 发动机 engineer 工程师 cleaner 保洁员 customer 顾客 colleague 同事 vacancy 空缺 recruit method 招聘方法 salary/payment 薪水/报酬y charitable organization 慈善组织 y tourism organizaiton 旅游组织 y co(-)operation合作 y co(-)coperative 合作的, 协作的 y corporation crime 公司/集团犯罪 y violent crime 暴力犯罪 y royal commission 英国皇家调查委员会 y economic growth 经济增长 y population growth 人口增长 y British Council 英国文化协会 y city council 城市委员会 (vs. counsel) y geography trip 地理考察 y subcommittee 小组委员会 y welfare department 福利部门 y flexible working time 弹性工作时间 y position 位置，职位 y extension 分机，延期 y shift work 倒班 y day/night work 白/晚班cashier 收银员 teller 银行职员y accountant 会计domestic bank 国内银行yoversea bank 国外银行ycommercial bank 商业银行ymerchant bank 商业银行ybank book/pass book 存折yopen a bank account 开户yCompiled By Chen Qiansavings account 储蓄存款帐户 current account 活期存款帐户 check/cheque account 支票帐户 deposit account 定期存款帐户 monthly savings account 按月计息帐户 daily interest account 按天计息帐户8申请 费用y opening sum 开户金额y joint account 联名帐户y current account balance 现金帐户余额 y expense account 公款支付帐户y type of account 账户类型y fill out/in an application form 填申请表 y order check/cheque 记名支票- namey rubber check/cheque 空头支票- date of birthy blank check/cheque 空白支票- addressy traveler’s check/cheque 旅行支票- telephone (home & work)y exchange rate 汇率- occupation 职业y password/code 密码- type of accounty full refund 全额偿还- valid identity certificate 有效身份证明 y extension 延期- security 担保人，保证金y overdraw/overdraft 透支y bank statement 对账单y rebate 回扣y earn interest 赚取利息y payday 发薪日y annual interest rate 年利率y pay slip/envelop 薪水单y apply for a loan 申请贷款y mortgage 抵押y grant a loan 批准贷款y by installment 分期付款y low-interest loan 低息贷款y debt 债务y no-interest loan 无息贷款y collateral 担保物y instant account 速成户头y chquebook/checkbook 支票簿y signature card 签名卡y money order 汇票y draw/withdraw 提款y A.T.M 自动取款机y service charge 服务费/手续费y bill 钞票y four in hundred 四张一百元面额y change 零钱y give the money in fives/tensy cash 现金换成五元或十元面额y unit 货币单位y coin 硬币y value/worth 面值y penny(单) pence (复) 便士y ounce 盎司 1/16 磅y nickel（美、加）的五分硬币y amount in figures 小写金额y dime（美、加）的十分硬币y amount in words 大写金额Compiled By Chen Qian9Scene 6: Education 教育y major 主修y History 历史y minor 副修- economic history 经济学史y subject 学科- historian n.历史学家y curriculum 课程- historical a.y Arts 文科y International Business 国际商务y fine arts 美术y Journalism 新闻学y Science 理科y Linguistics 语言学y School of Arts and Sciences 文理学院 y Literature 文学y Applied Mathematics 应用数学y Law 法学y Accountancy/Accounting 会计学y Microbiology 微生物学y Architecture 建筑学y Money Management 理财课y Anthropology 人类学- Time Management 时间管理课y Astronomy 天文学- Stress Management 压力管理课学科y Astrology 占星术 y Archaeological 考古学的- Space Management 空间管理课 y Mass Media 大众传播y Biology 生物学y Modern Languages 现代语言y Bankingy Politics 政治y Chemistry 化学y Physical Education=PE 体育- chemistry lab 化学实验室y Physiology 生理学y Computer Science 计算机专业y Psychology 心理学y Engineering 工程(学)- psychological course 心理学课程y Economics 经济学- psychologist 心理学家y Environmental Science 环境学- patients 患者y Education 教育学y Philosophy 哲学y Finance 金融学y Statistics 统计学y Geography 地理y Sociology 社会学- geographical adj.地理学的- geographic location 地理位置y President Am. 校长y Student Adviser 学生顾问/辅导员y Chancellor En.(大学/名誉)校长y Senior Advisor 资深督导师y Principal 校长y Counselor 顾问，指导老师y Dean 系主任y Coordinator 协调员y Secretary 秘书y international/overseas student 国际学生人y Associate Professor 副教授y Lecturer 讲师,y freshman 大学一年级学生 y sophomore 大学二年级学生y Instructor 讲师y junior 大学三年级学生y Supervisor 导师y senior 大学四年级学生y Tutor 导师y candidate 候选人，求职者y Support Tutor 助教y applicant 申请者y Teaching Assistant (T.A.) 助教y representative 代表，代理人Compiled By Chen Qian10新生入学 课程 授课 问题 评估 论文y orientation 新生入学，新生报到 y orientation meeting 迎新会 y welcome package入学或旅游时收到的欢迎辞 y registration 注册 y enroll 报名 y enrollment fee 报名费 y surroundings 环境 y history of school 学校历史y faculty [美](大学或学院的)全体教职员；系- the students and faculty 全院师生 - the faculty of theology 神学系 y achievements 成就 y buildings and functions 建筑及功能 y culture 文化 y rules and regulations 规章制度 y problem-solving 问题解决y semester/ term 学期 y curriculum 课程 y extra-curriculum 课外 y resume 个人简历 y CV=Curriculum vitae 个人简历 y compulsory course 必修课 y optional / selective course 选修课 y exemption 免修课 y lecture 大班授课 y lecturer 讲师 y tutorial 小班辅导课 y attendance rate 出勤率 y presentation 论文陈述,课堂发言 y seminar 学术研讨 y workshop 专题讨论会 y group discussion 小组讨论 y pressure / stress 压力 y social problems - social network disruption 社交圈 - new surroundings 新环境 - a balanced diet 均衡饮食 - take regular exercise 有规律练习y beginning course 入门课程 y basic course 基础课 y intermediate course 中级课程 y advanced course 高级课程 y intensive course 强化课 y session 学期; (进行某活动连续的)一段时间 y general English course 实用英语课程 y academic English 学术英语 y field trip 实地考察旅行 y cassette recorder 卡带式录音机 y tape recorder 磁带录音机 y videotape 录像带 y projector 投影仪 y photocopier 复印机 y printer 打印机 y scanner 扫描仪 y financial problems 经济问题 y academic problems 学术问题 y drop a course 退选一门课 y dropout 辍学y assignment 作业 y coursework 作业 - case study 案例研究 - essay 短文 - short report 报告 - study diary 学习日记 y course feedbacks 课程反馈 y evaluation 评估 y assessment methods 考核方法y paper 论文 y essay 短文 y thesis 硕士/专题论文 y dissertation 博士论文 y theme of project 项目主题 y subject 研究对象y exam 考试 - open exam 开卷考试 - closed exam 闭卷 - failure 不及格 y resit 重考 mark/score 分数 - grade 年级，成绩 A plus - record 记录，学习成绩; - credit (point)学分 - (academic) transcript 成绩单y research methods 搜集数据的方式 - interview 采访 - observation 实地观察 - questionnaire 问卷调查 y gather/collect data 收集数据 y analysis 分析Compiled By Chen Qian11y topic/title of essay 论文题目 y project outline 项目大纲 y essay plan 论文计划 y abstract 摘要 y summary report 摘要报告 y summarize 总结 y objective 目标，目的 y research 调查，研究 y investigation 调查，研究 y survey 调查 y checklist 清单，一览表y statistics 统计数据 y common sense 常识 y hypothesis 假设 y reference 参考书目 y bibliography 参考文献目录 y introduction 引言 y review of literature 文献综述 y previous studies 采用前人的研究 y theoretical background 理论背景 y theoretical framework 理论架构 y research findings 研究结果Compiled By Chen Qian12图书馆 毕业y passport photos 护照照片 y item: book y librarian 图书管理员 y delivery desk 借书台 y library/admission card 借书卡 y call slip 借书证 y international system 网络系统 y open shelves 开架书库 y close shelves 闭架书库 y classification 分类 y category 种类 y catalog 目录 y reference 参考书目 y bibliography 参考书目 y periodical 期刊 y current issue 现刊 y back issue 过期期刊 y certificate 毕业证，结业证 y diploma 毕业证，大专文凭 y commencement 毕业典礼y pink slip 代书板，(美)解雇通知书 y reference stacks 书库 y in circulation 在书库里 y out circulation 已借出 y not for circulation 不外借 y closed reserve 只读不借 y photocopy 影印，复印 y reserve 预借 book in advance y check out 登记借出 y date of expiry 期限 y renew v .续借 y renewal n. 续借 y recall 收回、召回 y due 到期 y overdue 过期 y pay fines 交罚金y Bachelor’s degree 学士学位 y Master’s degree 硕士学位 y Doctor’s degree 博士学位 y PHD=Doctor of Philosophy（哲学）博士Compiled By Chen Qian13Scene 7: Environment 地理环境y atmosphere 大气y atmospheric components 大气成分气y air quality 空气质量y oxygen 氧气y carbon dioxide 二氧化碳y gas 气体，煤气，汽油y pollution 污染y contamination 污染- contaminant 污染物- contaminated land 污染的土地污染- contaminated soil 污染的土壤y rubbish 垃圾y garbage can 垃圾箱y waste disposal 垃圾处理y drop-off site 垃圾投放处y atmospheric pollution 大气污染y greenhouse effect 温室效应现象y global warming 全球变暖 y temperature 温度- 10℃: 10 degrees centigradey wind erosion 风蚀资源/材料海洋 发展 人口y coal 煤 y mine 矿，矿山 y firewood 木柴，柴火 y oil 汽油，油类 y petrol 汽油 y solar energy 太阳能 y wind energy 风能 y wind force 风力 y electric power 电力 y freshwater resources 淡水资源 y conservation of freshwater 淡水保护 y marine ecosystems 海洋生态系统 y marine pollution 海洋污染 y ocean temperature 海洋温度 y living marine resources 海洋生物资源 y nature conservation 自然保护 y eco-development 生态发展 y renewable resources 可再生资源 y cost-benefit 成本-效益 y development cooperation 发展合作 y development planning 发展计划 y human settlements 人类居住y rainfall 降雨 y acid rain 酸雨 y fog 雾 y evaporate v. 蒸发 y evaporation n. 蒸发y plastic collection 回收塑料 y recycling material 回收材料 y sewage 污水 y sewer 下水道 y soil 土壤 y stone 石头，石料 y caves 洞穴 y bacteria 细菌 y viruses 病毒 y seismic activity 地震活动 y solar radiation 太阳辐射 y volcano eruption 火山喷发 y tides 潮,潮汐 y flood 洪水 y drought control 抗旱y natural resources 自然资源 y mineral resources 矿产资源 y natural drainage systems 自然排水系统 y water treatment 水处理 y electric power plants 发电厂 y nuclear power plants 核电站 y nuclear fuels 核燃料 y turbine (涡)轮机, 叶轮机, 汽轮机 y fiberglass 玻璃纤维,玻璃丝 y timber 木材, 木料 y organic fiber 有机纤维 y coastal ecosystems 沿海生态系统 y coastal environments 沿海环境 y coastal erosion 海岸侵蚀y environmental indicators 环境指标 y social surveys 社会调查 y status of development 发展状况 y sustainable development 可持续发展 y environmental economic issues 环境经济问题 y minorities 少数民族Compiled By Chen Qian14yyyy Geographyy行政区yy优缺点yyyy产业yyyyy天气和气候 yyyy语言yhuman migration 人类迁居 human population 人口 human rights 人权 population shift 人口迁移county state cost of living crime pace of life agriculture 农业 manufacturing 制造业 processing 加工业 farming 农业，畜牧业 sheep and cattle 羊和牛 weather 天气 climate 气候 climatic issues 气候问题 humid / wet 潮湿的 humidity 湿度 language 语言 accent 口音，重音y race relations 种族关系 y lifestyles/ life-styles 生活方式 y urban area 城市地区 y coastal area 沿海地区y province y town y interesting y boring y dull y fishing 渔业 y wine-making 酿酒 y transportation 交通 y printing 印刷业 y electronics 电子行业 y windy 有风的 y rainy 有雨的 y snowy 有雪的 y cloudy 多云的y dialect 方言Compiled By Chen Qian15Scene 8: Animals & Plants 动植物 动物y lion 狮子y goat 山羊y sheep (绵)羊陆y kangaroo 袋鼠y koala 树袋熊y zebra 斑马y elephant 大象y crocodile 鳄鱼海y shark 鲨y dolphin 海豚空y falcon 猎鹰y pigeon 鸽子 植物 botany, plant sciencey creature 生物认识植物 y plant 植物y vegetation 植被y root 根y stem 茎（植物）y stalk 茎（草或花）类y trunk 干y branch 树枝y bought 粗枝y twig 细枝y bloom 开花植物y fruit tree 果树y blossom 果花y flower vase 花瓶y artificial flowers 人造花y rose 玫瑰种类y cabbage 圆白菜,卷心菜 y radish 萝卜y garlic 大蒜y onion 洋葱y red pepper 辣椒y spinach 菠菜y carrot 胡萝卜y cucumber 黄瓜树木y shrub 灌木 y wood 木材y species in rare animal area其它稀有动物的种类y 捕猎 huntingy rhino 犀牛 y ostrich 鸵鸟 y bear 熊 y wolf 狼 y fox 狐 y deer 鹿 y bull 公牛 y whale 鲸 y hippos 河马y owl 猫头鹰y grass 草本植物 y tree 木本植物 y bamboo 竹子 y leaf 叶子 y fruit 果实 y core 核 y seed 种子 y bud 发芽 y flower 花朵y tomato 西红柿 y potato 马铃薯 y melon 香瓜 y bean 菜豆 y watermelon 西瓜 y pumpkin 南瓜 y strawberry 草莓 y wild berry 野草莓 y pear 梨子 y grape 葡萄 y peach 桃子 y mushroom 蘑菇 y lettuce 莴苣，生菜 y lentil 小扁豆 y oak tree 橡树 y ivy 常春藤 y 保护区 protected areas y 受保护的物种 protected species y 生态平衡 ecological balanceCompiled By Chen Qian16。
雅思评分标准
听力雅思口语自从08年引入半分制以来，至今并无变化。
下面我们来说一下雅思口语评分标准。
考试评分标准比较复杂，分为四个部分分别算分，之后求平均成绩得到最终分数。
雅思口语评分的四个部分分别为：F，fluency，即口语流利度;V，vocabulary，即词汇，考查用词的准确及丰富程度;之后，G，grammar，即语法，考查英语语法的运用及准确性;最后，P，pronunciation，即发音。
这四项分别计分，之后算总分平均，得出雅思口语最终的分数。
下面举例详细说明。
如果你考口语时，f得6分，v得6分，g得5分，p得6分，总分23，那么恭喜你，你口语成绩为6分。
如果你考口语时，f得5分，v得6分，g得5分，p得6分，总分22，那么很遗憾，你口语成绩只有5分。
如果你考口语时，f得7分，v得6分，g得4分，p得6分，总分23，那么恭喜你，你口语成绩为6分。
由此可见，只有四项总分至少为23分，那么你才可以得6分的口语成绩，否则，22分也才得5分的成绩。
可能会有人有疑问，22/4=5.5，四舍五入，应该6分的啊，但是，人家考口语，就是要你的尾数大于0.5分才给你加上去的，即23/4=5.75，才有6分。
而22分的，就是5分。
口语雅思听力A类与G类的题是一样的，评分标准也是相同的。
下面我们来看一下2010雅思听力评分标准。
IELTS听力评分标准(A类与G类)Number of correct Listening answers IELTS band score39-40 9.037-38 8.535-36 8.033-34 7.530-32 7.027-29 6.523-26 6.020-22 5.516-19 5.013-15 4.510-12 4.06-9 3.54-5 3.03 2.52 2.01 1.0absent 0.0阅读雅思阅读评分标准有A类G类之分，A类和G类的具体评分是有区别的，由于G类题目较简单，所以取得高分相应的需要多对2-3题。
IELTS Academic Writing
IELTS Academic Writing Marking CriteriaIELTS Academic Writing scripts are marked on four basic criteria, and each one has equal weight.Task AchievementHave you written at least 150 words?Have you understood and reworded the topic of the chart(s)?Have you made an overview of the data? ,Have you grouped the data in a way that helps the reader to understand the information?Have you included some data to support your description ?Have you compared and contrasted the data in the chart(s)?Grammatical Range and AccuracyHave you used a variety of sentence structures?Have you used noun phrases to express your ideas?Have you used appropriate verb tenses?Have you controlled your subject-verb agreement?Have you used correct prepositions?Have you used correct punctuation?Overall, is your grammar accurate?Coherence and CohesionHave you organised your answer in some logical way to describe data from the chart?Have you included an overview sentence to tell the reader the main ideas of the chart?Have you used a variety of appropriate linking expressions?Have you used pronoun referencing and synonyms to avoid repetition?Lexical Resource (Vocabulary)Have you used a variety of appropriate and academic words?Have you used correct word forms?Have you spelled the words correctly?CASE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below shows the proportion of a country s GDP spending on three different areas from 2000 to 2025.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.CASE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table shows percentage of adult using public transport to work or study in different cities of Australia. The table also shows the change between that period.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.CASE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the proportion of qualifications of graduates working in one advertising company in 1990 and 2010.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.CASE 4You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The bar chart below shows the percentage of Australian men and women in different age groups who did regular physical activity in 2010.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.CASE 5You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows the numbers of male and female research students studying six science-related subjects at a UK university in 2009. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.Case1 高分范文：The line graph displays the percentages of total GDP spending that health, education, and "and railways accounted for in a country in the years between 2000 and 2025.Starting out in 2000, roads and railways had the highest proportion of spending of the three, at around 4.4%, with health following at about 3.8% and education at nearly 2.5%. Both health spending an education spending experienced net increases in their proportions of GDP spending between 2000 and 2025, finishing at 7.5% and 4.2%respectively. Roads and railways spending, on the other hand, showed a net decrease, falling to 2.6%. Tracing the progression of spending in all three categories, we can see that starting in the year 2000 roads and railways spending as a percentage of total GDP began to decline at a constant rate,which continued all the way to the year 2025. Health spending increased more or less consistently, until around 2020 the rate of increase began to slow, until leveling off in 2025. Education spending saw 2000 and 2010, followed by a period of declining spending from 2010 to 2015. and a return to a steady increase from then on.In summary, in the years between 2000 and 2025, the greatest increase in the proportion of GDP spending was on health and education, respectively; meanwhile, roads and railways spending suffered the most significant overall decline throughout the entire period.Case2 高分范文：The table provides the percentages of adults in various Australian cities who used public transport in the years 1996 and 2006.From the chart’s data, we can see that all the cities experienced an increased use of public transport from 1996 to 2006, with the exception of Hobart and Canberra, both of which experienced a drop in public transport usage, 17% and 33% respectively. The city with the greatest changes in the percent of adults using public transport was Brisbane, which went from 12% in 1996, to 18% in 2006, a 33% increase overall. Perth and Sydney had the second and third highest increases, at 16% and 13%, while the cities with the lowest increase were Melbourne and Adelaide,having only 9% and 7% increase respectively.To sum up, by 2006, Sydney had always been the city with the highest using rate of public transport, whilst Canberra replace Melbourne to become the city with the lowest using rate, but most cities tended to accept public transportation.Case3 高分范文：The two pie charts given compare the qualifications of graduates working in an advertising company in the years 1990 and 2010. The charts are each divided into First Degree, Masters Degree, Doctors Degree, as well as Arts and Science categories for each. In 1990，the qualification that most graduates working in the company had was aMasters Degree in Science, at 27%. Meanwhile, the least held qualification was a Doctors Degree in Science, with only 10% of graduates holding one. While the Doctor's Degree in Science remained the lowest held degree in 2010. the percentage of graduates with this qualification dropped to 7%. At the same time. Master's Degrees in Science were supplanted by First Degrees in Science, with the former dropping to 23%, and the latter jumping from 18% in 1990 to 27% in 2010. As for the other degrees that graduates held. First Degrees in Arts increased from 18% in 1990 to 24% in 2010, and Masters Degrees in Arts dropped from 15% to 7%. From the data provided, it would appear that First Degrees in both Arts and Science became more desired qualifications by the company, with Masters Degrees less so, and little change among Doctors Degrees in the years 1990 and 2010.Case 4 高分范文：The bar chart depicts the gender distribution of Australians who took part in regular physical exercise according to age group in the year 2010. It is manifest from this bar chart that, in four of the six age groups, women had the obvious advantage in the percentage of Australians taking part in the regular physical activities in 2010. To be specific, the dominance stood in the adulthood, from the age of 25 to 64. Their gaps ranged from 6.7% to 13% and generally we can see an increasing trend in both figures. By comparison, the adolescence and younger people, namely from 15 to 24. was the only period when the male percentage exceeded that of females and the gap was about 5% . What should be noticed was that 52.8% was the men's highest figure in all groups. As for the elderly people, men and women were more equally represented (46.7% and 47% respectively). Overall, younger men preferred to participate in regular sporting activities compared with the middle-aged women who had the greatest enthusiasm for exercise. And with the age group (25-64), both genders were more and more willing to do it.Case 5 高分范文：The bar chart describes the gender distribution of students doing scientific research across a range of disciplines at a UK university in 2009.In five of the six disciplines, males outnumbered females. Male students made up aparticularly large proportion of the student group in subjects related to the study of inanimate objects and materials: physics, astronomy and geology, The gender gap was particularly large in the field of physics, where there were five times as many male students as female students. Men and women were more equally represented in subjects related to the study of living things: biology, medicine and veterinary medicine. In biology, there were nearly as many women (approximately 200) as men (approximately 240). This was also true of medicine. Veterinary medicine was the only discipline in which women outnumbered men (roughly no women vs. 90 men). Overall, the chart shows that at this university, science-related subjects continue to be male-dominated; however, women have a significant presence in fields related to medicine and the life sciences.。
雅思写作评分标准-中英对照
covers therequirements of the task
(Academic) presents a clear overviewofthemain trends, differences,or stages
(General Training) presents a clearpurpose, with the tone consistent andappropriate
(General Training) presents a purposethat is generally clear; there may beinconsistencies in tone
presents and adequately highlights keyfeatures / bullet points,but details maybe irrelevant,inappropriate,orinaccurate
arranges information andideas coherently,thereis a clear overallprogression
uses cohesive deviceseffectively, but cohesionwithin and/or betweensentences may be faulty ormechanical
clearly presents and highlights keyfeatures / bullet points but could bemore fully extended
logicallyorganizesinformation and ideas; thereisaclear progressionthroughout
雅思考试：关于人物性格的常用词汇
IELTS Personality Vocabulary文中粗体字部分都是对人性格的描述，希望能对大家有所帮助！Part 1-style questionsExaminer: How would you describe yourself?Paula: Everyone tells me I take after(继承)my mum as I’m quite laid-back(慢性子)… I think I’m good company (使人愉快的，注意，这里别说成be in good company, 这个意思和be good company完全完全不同), but you should ask my friends if they agree …Examiner: In which ways are you similar to your friends?Manuel: I seem to be attracted to introverts (内向的人)… not people who are painfully shy（过度害羞的）but most of my friends are a little reserved（小高冷，内向的）… and I think that’s what I’m like …Examiner: Are you similar or different to your brother(s)/sister(s)?Mira: I think my brother and I are very similar … I’d say we’re fun-loving（寻欢的性格，哈哈）and tend to be a bit extroverted（外向的）… my brother is certainly the life and soul of the party（和Tara老师一样，喜欢party的）… I’m not sure that applies to me …Part 2-style taskDescribe a teacher you once had who you enjoyed being taught by. You should say∙who this person was∙when they were your teacher∙which subject they taught youand describe what it was about their character that you liked.Carolina: I’d like to describe my English teacher from school … Miss Thomas … this was a few years ago now and she was my teacher at a time when I was getting a little bored with being at school … unlike some of the other teache rs Miss Thomas never lost her temper（脾气很好）… she was very calm and easy-going（随和）… she was also very broad-minded（开明）… we were able to ask her questions about lots of subjects that some other teachers would refuse to discuss which made us respect her even more … she h ad a great sense of humour（炒鸡有幽默感）too … she’d laugh at our jokes as well as making us laugh … and she wouldalso bend over backwards（往后下腰，指的是“倾尽全力”）to help us with our work … she always put us first and often stayed around at the end of class to talk with anyone who needed help … apparently she was highly respected within her field but you would never know as she was the type that hid her light under a bushel （低调）… she was very modest and self-effacing (谦逊)… so yes … Miss Thomas was a teacher I have fond memories of …Part 3-style questionsExaminer: Which personal qualities do you think we most want to pass on to our children?Martin: I certainly would want my children to be self-confident（自信）and self-assured（自我确信的）… I really believe that people who feel good about themselves are in a good posi tion to face what life has to offer them … and I’d hope they wouldn’t be self-centred（自我为中心的）… but remembered to think about others …Examiner: Which characteristics do you think are the least appealing in a person? Marianne: Well … people who are very narrow-minded (思想狭隘的) are difficult to get on with … it’s nice when someone is open to other people’s opinion and willing to think about their own views … and people who are two-faced（虚伪的）can be a little irritating … relationships are built on trust and without honesty there’s not much left …Examiner: Which personality types do you think are less likely to suffer from stress or anxiety?Sol: Probably people who are thick-skinned（二皮脸）… who don’t let people or problems affect them too much … and if you are fair-minded（公平的）you’ ll be less likely to overreact to situations or be quick-tempered（急脾气）…Definitions∙to be the life and soul of the party: a fun person, someone who is the centre of activity∙to bend over backwards: to try very hard to help someone∙broad-minded: prepared to accept other views or behaviours∙easy-going: relaxed and not easily worried about anything∙extrovert: an energetic person who likes the company of others∙fair-minded: to treat people equally∙fun-loving: to enjoy having fun∙to hide one’s light under a bushel: to hide one’s talents and skills∙good company: enjoyable to socialise with∙good sense of humour: the ability to understand what is funny∙introvert: someone who is shy∙laid-back: see ‘easy-going’∙to lose one’s temper: to suddenly become angry∙narrow minded: opposite of ‘broad-minded’ (see above)∙painfully shy: very shy∙to put others first: to think of others before yourself∙quick-tempered: to become angry quickly∙reserved: shy∙self-assured: confident∙self-centred: thinks only of oneself∙self-confident: believes in one’s own ability or knowledge∙self-effacing: to not try to get the attention of others (especially in terms of hiding one’s skills or abilities)∙to take after: to be like (often another member of the family)∙thick-skinned: not easily affected by criticism∙trustworthy: can be trusted∙two-faced: not honest or sincere. Will say one thing to someone to their face and another when they are not present.。
雅思英文作文必备句子文案
雅思英文作文必备句子文案英文回答：Introduction。
In the realm of academic discourse, the ability to articulate one's thoughts and ideas with clarity, precision, and eloquence is paramount. This holds especially true in the context of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), where writing is one of the four essential skills assessed. To excel in the IELTS writing module, itis imperative to possess a robust vocabulary and arepertoire of well-crafted sentences that can effectively convey the intended message.Body Paragraph 1: Sentence Variations。
Sentence variation is a crucial element of effective writing that enables candidates to demonstrate their linguistic proficiency and avoid monotony. By employing avariety of sentence structures and lengths, writers can create a dynamic and engaging text that captures thereader's attention. Consider the following sentence variations:Simple Sentence: The IELTS writing task requires candidates to demonstrate their ability to write clear and concise sentences.Compound Sentence: Candidates should also be able to effectively combine multiple clauses using coordinating conjunctions such as "and," "but," or "or."Complex Sentence: Employing subordinate clauses can add depth and complexity to one's writing, allowing for the expression of more nuanced ideas.Compound-Complex Sentence: This sentence structure combines elements of both compound and complex sentences, creating a more sophisticated and interconnected sentence structure.Body Paragraph 2: Transition Words and Phrases。
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1) 培养(v.) cultivate / foster / nurture2)促进学生身心发展promote the student’s physical, intellectual and emotional development3)心理健康psychological soundness4)青少年(n.) adolescents /youngsters /juvenile5)传授知识impart (inculcate) knowledge6)适应adapt to sth.. / adjust oneself to sth. / Become accustomed to sth.7)适应能力adaptability8)责任感 a sense of obligation/responsibility9)盲从follow sth. Blindly / follow sth. indiscriminately10)限制创造力的发展extinguish(constrain) creativity11)打击学生积极性frustrate the students12)产生不必要的压力beget undue pressure13)逆境adverse circumstances/adversity14)团队精神team spirit15)独立思考think independently16)鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题encourage the student to think critically17)课外活动extra-curricular activities18)不遵守纪律(n) indiscipline / misbehavior / mischief19)违反纪律的学生disruptive students / unruly students20)理论知识theoretical knowledge21)全面发展的well-rounded (adj.)22)基础科学basic sciences23)应用科学applied sciences24)大（中小）学教育primary-level( secondary-level/tertiary-level)education25)职业教育vocational education26)尖端科技cutting-edge technology27)提高效率生产augment(enhance/boost) efficiency/productivity28)减少取代人力的机器labor-saving(replacing) machinery29)自动化automation（n.）/automated(adj)30)时事current affairs31)无处不在的prevalent /ubiquitous/pervasive (adj.)32)充斥着….. Be awash with / be inundated with /be saturated with sth.33)审查censor34)删除delete/eliminate/excise35)充满过多的暴力与色情内容excessive(gratuitous) violent and pornographic contents36)有误导性的misleading /misrepresented/distorted (adj.)37)欺骗性的fraudulent(adj.)38)虚假的false / bogus (adj.)39)夸大事件exaggerate things / sensationalize things / blow things out of all proportions40)公正客观的objective and balanced41)揭露expose / reveal (v.)42)侵犯隐私violate (intrude on/ infringe on) /someone’s privacy43)掩盖cover up/ gloss over/whitewash (v.)44)如实描述factual accounts45)可信的reliable/trustworthy/dependable (adj.)46)道德准则code of ethics (conduct)47)老百姓citizens / the citizenry48)实施implement (v.)49)严禁strictly prohibit / ban altogether50)政府开支the government spending/ expenditure on sth.51)削减curtail (v.)52)增加augment (v.)53)责任responsibility /obligation (n.)54)国土安全national security /homeland security55)缺乏远见的政治short-sighted policy56)扩张expansion /aggression (n.)57)恶性循环 a vicious circle58)武器weapons (n.)59)下岗工人downsized workers60)失业unemployment /joblessness (n.)61)基础设施infrastructure (n.)62)民主的（民主）democratic / democracy(n.)63)民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive government64)方言dialect / vernacular (n.)65)保护preserve (v.) / protect (v.)66)少数民族ethnic minorities67)文化融合cultural integration and synthesis68)贬低deprecate / denigrate / disparage / trivialize /discredit / (v.) minimize the importanceof69)…不是一成不变的sth. Is not set/carved in stone70)生活节奏加速the tempo/pace of life has accelerated71)疲劳fatigue72)导致人与人的疏远create alienation between people73)交通堵塞traffic congestion/ jams74)阻碍impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit (v.)75)贫穷的needy/deprived/destitute/indigent/impoverished (adj.)76)富裕的affluent / wealthy (adj.)77)行人pedestrians (n.)78)交通肇事者traffic accident perpetrators79)有特殊历史意义的老房子building of historic significance80)让城市更美观enhance the cityscape81)破旧的decrepit/rundown/dilapidated (adj.)82)拆除tear down/ knock down/ demolish83)摩天大楼skyscrapers (n.)84)城市化urbanization (n.)85)城乡差距the disparity between the city and the countryside86)搬迁relocate (v.)87)宽松的管理laiseez-fair management88)会导致效率低的counterproductive (adj.)89)抑郁证depression (n.)90)失眠sleeplessness (n.) / insomnia (n.)91)控制人口birth control92)爱慕虚荣pretentious / ostentatious (adj.)93)缺少运动的生活方式sedentary lifestyle94)全球文化同一化的过程global cultural homogenization95)地球村the global village96)性别歧视gender discrimination / sexism97)一个开明的社会 a an enlightened/progressive society98)母性的本能maternal instinct99)老年人elderly people /senior citizens100)归属感 a sense of belonging101)对…的依恋an attachment to sth./ An affinity for sth.102)虐待mistreat / abuse (v.)103)家庭暴力domestic violence104)吸引draw ( attract/appeal to/ be a magnet for sb. )105)亲身体验first-hand experience106)争端discord / dissension (n.)107)商业化commercialize / commodity (v.)108)生态平衡ecological balance / ecological equilibrium109)可持续发展sustainable development110)再利用recycle /reuse (v.)111)增加公众关于…的意识raise (elevate ) the public awareness of sth. 112)短缺shortage / scarcity /dearth / lack (n.)113)对资源的承受很大压力put a strain on the resources114)破坏自然资源wreak havoc on natural resources115)污染pollute / contaminate (v.)116)有毒的poisonous /toxic (adj.)117)消耗consume / deplete (v.)118)用尽exhaust (v.)119)严厉的措施harsh actions/ measures (n.)120)污水effluent / sewage (n.)121)排放discharge (n.)122)温室效应greenhouse effect123)严重的severe / grave / grievous (adj.)124)谴责而不是纵容condemn rather than condone sth.125)耕地arable land / farmland (n.)126)从犯accomplice (n.) accessory (n.)127)憎恨社会resent society/ hold a grudge against society128)受害者victim (n.)129)被绳之以法be brought to justice130)宽容的lenient (adj.)131)重罪flagitious crime132)轻罪petty crime / misdemeanours133)惯犯hardened criminals134)遵守法律comply with the law / abide by the law135)无视…. Disregard (v.)136)给某人心理造成创伤traumatize someone137)抓捕track down / hunt down /capture (v.)138)残忍的cruel / merciless/ inhumane/callous/brutal (adj.)139)给主人以心理安慰afford their masters consolation and comfort140)某一种事物是没有替代物的there are no replacements/substitutes/alternatives for sth.。