上海市普陀区2017届高三生物下学期质量调研(二模)试题解析版

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上海市普陀区最新高三下学期二模试题生物解析版

一、单选题1。

组成DＮA分子的基本单位是A. 脱氧核苷酸ﻩB. 核糖核苷酸ﻩC。

含氮碱基ﻩD。

脱氧核糖答案A解析分析DNＡ基本组成单位是脱氧核苷酸，脱氧核苷酸由一分子磷酸、一分子脱氧核糖，一分子含氮碱基组成，四种碱基分别是A、Ｔ、C、G。

RNＡ的基本组成单位是核糖核苷酸,核糖核苷酸由一分子磷酸、一分子核糖,一分子含氮碱基组成，四种碱基分别是A、Ｕ、C、G.详解ＤNＡ基本组成单位是脱氧核苷酸，Ａ正确；ＲＮA的基本组成单位是核糖核苷酸，B错误；含氮碱基不是基本单位,是组成成分,Ｃ错误; 脱氧核糖是DNＡ组成成分,D错误。

故选Ａ。

点睛本题考查核苷酸结构，要求学生能识记DNA和RNA的基本组成单位，理解两者的区别。

2。

下列关于原核细胞的叙述，正确的是A．有膜包被的细胞器ﻩB。

不能进行光合作用Ｃ．没有成形的细胞核D。

细胞壁的主要成分是纤维素答案Ｃ解析分析原核细胞和真核细胞的区别：原核细胞细菌、蓝藻、放线菌无成形的细胞核只有核糖体一种细胞器1．都有细胞膜、细胞质和核物质；２. 都有核糖体真核细胞草履虫、酵母菌、动植物有成形的细胞核有核膜有多种细胞器详解原核细胞只有核糖体一种细胞器,即没有任何具膜的细胞器,A错误；原核细胞无叶绿体,但某些原核生物也能进行光合作用,如蓝藻，B错误；原核细胞都没有成形的细胞核,C正确；原核细胞一般有细胞壁，但细胞壁的组成成分不是纤维素，如细菌细胞壁的主要成分是肽聚糖，D错误。

点睛熟悉真核细胞和原核细胞的结构组成区别是解答本题的关键。

３.如图是细胞膜的亚显微结构模式图，①～③表示构成细胞膜的物质.下列有关叙述中错误的是A. ①表示多糖ﻩB．②表示蛋白质C. ③表示磷脂分子ﻩD。

细胞膜能控制物质进出细胞答案Ａ解析分析生物膜的流动镶嵌模型图解：①糖蛋白糖被:细胞膜的外表。

细胞识别、保护、润滑、免疫等.②蛋白质分子:有的镶在磷脂双分子层表面;有的嵌入磷脂双分子层；有的贯穿于磷脂双分子层。

2017年上海市普陀区中考二模试卷（含听力文本和答案）

2016学年第二学期普陀区初三模拟考英语试卷2017.4Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)I. Listening comprehension (听力理解）（共30 分）A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分)B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）（8分）7. A. Sunny.B. Cloudy. C. Snowy. D. Rainy.8. A. By car. B. By underground. C. By taxi. D. By bus.9. A. Yesterday. B. Today. C. Tomorrow. D. Next week.10. A. Watching a basketball game. B. Going to work.C. Shopping in the new mallD. H aving Italian food.11. A. Because she dislikes watching plays.B. Because she needs to see the doctor.C. Because she has watched the playD. Because she'll visit her sick cousin.12. A. A library. B. A kindergarten.C. A shopping centre.D. A restaurant.13. A. Wait for the man B.Drive to the party.C. Call her boss.D. Cancel their dinner.14. A. Discussing an interesting film. B. Complaining about a cinema.C. Sharing their favourite music.D. Talking about their troubles.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分）15. By the age of 16, Tony had lived in many countries with his parents.16. Tony and Maureen found a job as tourist guides after they got married.17. It took the couple half a year to travel from London to Australia.18. Tony’s first guidebook was about their trip through some Asian countries.19. The couple stopped travelling after they started a company called Lonely Planet.20. Today Lonely Planet is a big company with 400 members and over 650 guidebooks.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences (听短文，完成下列句子。

2017年上海普陀区高三二模听力题目和答案

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.In a hospital B. In a bank C. In a hotel D. In a supermarket2. A. $8 B.$12 C.$40 D.$803. A. A local artist B. The man’s salary C. An apartment to let D. A flat for sale4. A. Work at a restaurant B. Quit delivering flowersC. Bring her flowers every dayD. Leave his job to work for her5. A. Giving lectures B. Preparing class notesC. Conducting researchD. Doing office work6. A. She doesn’t agree with the man B. She is good at finding a place to stayC. She could hardly find the truthD. She had no travel experience in Britain7. A. The man is planning a trip to Santa Cruz.B. The man has been to Santa Cruz before.C. The man doesn’t like Santa Cruz.D. The man hasn’t been to Santa Cruz before.8. A. Promising B. Isolated C. Crowded D. Modern9. A. Game creator is a booming business.B. School learning is a must for game creator.C. He hopes to attend a good game development school.D. The woman shouldn’t become a game creator.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It carried the mayor’s speech accurately.C. It made the mayor’s view clearer.D. It misinterpreted the mayor’s speech.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They will have mental health problems. B. They will have high blood pressure.C. They will definitely be depressed.D. They will have low self-esteem.12. A. They are physically healthier. B. They are mentally satisfied.C. They have happier experience.D. They enjoy a higher social status.13. A. More and more home appliances.B. Dangerous neighborhoods.C. Bullies on the Internet.D. Ex-criminals in the community.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. How natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B. How the studies on natural disasters is conducted.C. How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D. How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.15. A. By training rescue teams for emergencies.B. By taking steps to prepare people for them.C. By changing people’s views of nature.D. By relocating people to safer places.16. A. How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B. How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C. How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D. How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His view on Canadian universities.B. His understanding of higher education.C. His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D. His complaint about inequality in American universities.18. A. It is well designed. B. It is rather inflexible.C. It varies among universities.D. It has undergone great changes.19. A. The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B. Public universities are often superior to private universities.C. Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D. Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.20. A. University systems vary from country to country.B. Efficiency is essential to university management.C. It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D. Many private universities in the US are actually large organizations.I. ListeningSection A1-5 B B C D C 6-10 A D B B DSection B11-13 A D C 14-16 D B A 17-20 A B C C评分标准：1. 1-10题，每小题1分。

上海市普陀区2018届高三下学期质量调研(二模)生命科学试卷

普陀区2017-2018学年度高中学业（等级考）质量调研生命科学试卷注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上3．.考试结束后保留试卷方便讲解，只交答卷一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1、下图箭头所指的化学键中，表示肽键的是（）A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④2、肉毒杆菌是一种生长在缺氧环境下的细菌，其生命活动过程中会分泌一种蛋白质类的肉毒杆菌毒素。

下列叙述错误的是（）A．肉毒杆菌是原核生物，没有成形的细胞核B．肉毒杆菌的遗传物质是DNAC．肉毒杆菌维持生命活动的能量不来自线粒体D．肉毒杆菌毒素的加工和分泌过程有内质网和高尔基体的参与3、将A、B两种物质混合，T1时加入酶C。

下图为最适温度下A、B浓度的变化曲线。

叙述错误的是（）A．酶C能催化A生成BB．该体系中酶促反应速率先快后慢C．T2后B增加缓慢是酶活性降低导致的D．适当降低反应温度，T2值增大4、为研究植物细胞质壁分离现象，某同学将某植物的叶表皮放入一定浓度的甲物质溶液中，一段时间后观察到叶表皮细胞发生了质壁分离现象。

下列说法错误的是（）A ．该植物的叶表皮细胞是具有液泡的活细胞B ．细胞内渗透压小于细胞外的渗透压C ．细胞液中的H 2O 可以经扩散进入甲物质溶液中D ．甲物质和H 2O 能自由通过该叶表皮细胞的细胞膜5．右图显示的是叶绿体结构，下列有关判断错误的是（）A ．甲为单层膜结构B ．氧气在乙处产生C ．乙和丙中都含有H +D ．缺少CO 2时乙中的生理活动不受影响6、下图为某学生整理的关于植物体内 “碳”循环示意图，其中不存在的环节是（）A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④7、将云母片插入苗尖端及其下部的不同位置如图所示，给与单侧光照射，下列不发生弯曲生长的是（）8、下图示意老鼠恐惧反射建立的过程，其中分析正确的是（）A ．图甲中的声音属于无关刺激B ．图乙中电击属于条件刺激丁C．图丙中的声音属于非条件刺激D．条件反射一旦形成，不易消退9、下图表示机体特异性免疫的部分过程示意图。

2017届上海市普陀区高考二模试卷(含答案)

普陀区2016学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷(时间120分钟，满分140分)考生注意：I.本试卷共12页。

满分140分。

考试时间120分钟。

2.答题前，考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。

3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。

第1-20小题，第31-70小题，均由机器阅卷，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。

第21-30小题，第IV, V大题(即第72-75小题)和VI大题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题或写在试卷上也一律不给分。

I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund.Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part (21)______(blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,” the report says.“Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do see particularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.”The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.(29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Societ y of London. “On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, andthat means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tend to ____31____ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three ____32____ traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasm for ____33____ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and ____34____ the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion (共情)You can't forget that organizational success ____35____ from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as you’d like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal ____36____ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people’s needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and ____37____ to their personal ambitions and professional development.DecisivenessIn times of ____38____ employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and ____39____ the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to ____40____, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ____41____ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ____42____ as big heroes.It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ____43____ because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can t ____44____ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a t ____45____ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggressionIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are _______as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it _______because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can _______ the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .However , there is a ______side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers ______have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with ________consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the__________. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain _______,even if a boxer has never been knocked out .I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing . I think it would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like _______sports , and so do I , but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hittingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly ----it’s been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister , as he leads an expedition （长征）to the North Pole . On the way , he meets Victor Frankenstein , who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the sur name of the guy who creates the monster . The monster doesn’t actually have a game . Anyway , Victor is a scientist who’s desperate to discover the secret of life . After years of study , he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life . Victor intends it to be beautiful . Unfortunately , the creature turns out really hideous , and Victor runs away in terror . Although the monster is good and kind , humans are scared of it . When they mistreat it , the monster becomes angry and evil . Wanting revenge on its creator , the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein’s brother , his wife , and his best friend . When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths , he swears to track it down and kill it .This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment . The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason , and gave rise to the scientific method . Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein , “ He is a neg ative example of an Enlightenment scientist -------he pursues knowledge at any cost , and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him , as well as his friends and family .” Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as neces sary for the advancement of science , but not Mary Shelley . She and her husband , poet Percy Shelly , were part of the Romanic Movement in art and literature . Romancism was a reacrion against the Enlightenment’s embrace of rationality and reason . The Romantics emphasized emotion over rationality , and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature . Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley , Frankenstein doesn’t fear and respect the world of nature enough ------she says that by tempering with nature , he brings about complete disaster . Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel . It’s also considered one of the first major works of science fiction . It influences a whole generation of writers , and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.56. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to ‘hideous’ in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome57. What is Victor Frankenstein’s fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human relationship58. How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment was an era of literary discovery .59. What effect did “ F rankenstein” have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fiction writing60. If you are a 22-year-old nurse , you can apply for the railcard without ________.A. the signature of your director B $ 28c. application form D. passport-sized photos61. The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travel at _______.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March62. Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn’t have your name signed , it will be used by someone else.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train , you will still be eligible for a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network , they must pay the full fare.The ‘ Phone Stack(堆)’GameWhenever Michael Carl , the fashion market director at Vanity Fair , goes out to dinner with friends , he plays something, called the “ phone stack” game : Everyone places their phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at their device before the check arrives picks up the bill . As smartphones continue to burrow(钻入) their way into our lives , and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to eat into our person space even further , overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks .“Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need ,” Lesley M. M. Blume , a Ne w York writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home .” The expectation that we must always be available to employers ,colleague, family : It creates a real obstacle in trying to set aside private time . But that private time is more important than ever. “ Much of the digital detoxing （戒毒）is centered on the home , where urgent e-mails from co-workers , texts from friends , Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness.A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox , like the milk tin that Brandon Holley , the former editor of lucky magazine , uses. “ If my phones is buzzing or lighting up , it’s still a distraction , so it goes in the box . “, said Ms. Holley , who lives in a r ow house in Red Hook , Brooklyn , with her son ,Smith , and husband , John .” It’s not something I want my kid to see.” Sleep is a big factor , which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom.” I don’t want to sleep next to something t hat is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails ,” said Peter Som , the fashion designer , who keeps his phone plugged in the living room overnight .” “It definitely is a head clearer and describes daytime and sleep time clearly .”Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected , with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits . But it’s not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit . Cellphone overusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings ,whether at the request of the host or in the form of friendly competition . The phone-stack game is a lighthearted way for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out . The game gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles , posted the idea online.63. What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the “ phone stack” game?A. His friends aren’t willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC. He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD. The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .64.Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device at home ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich people’s family life.65. What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox66. Why does the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents’ behaviorD. The game meets people’s demand for keeping away from phones easilySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.“Any apple today ?”, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just them .All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.___________Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .” Here , darling , “ I said , “ is what I owe you ,” _____________” Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.” “ I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .___________At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So the account can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her .IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. Whilethere is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。

上海市长宁、金山、青浦区2017届高三4月教学质量检测(二模)生命科学试卷-Word版含答案

长宁、青浦、金山区2016-2017学年第二学期等级考试调研生命科学试卷2017。

4一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个答案）1.人和动物可以通过特定的感受器获取外界信息，下列能获取化学信息是A.人的耳蜗 B。

蛇的颊窝 C。

人的味蕾 D。

鱼的侧线2。

水稻可从土壤中吸收NH4+，其中的N元素可用来合成A．蛋白质和核酸 B．淀粉和纤维素 C．葡萄糖和DNA D．麦芽糖和脂肪酸3。

马铃薯上有许多芽眼,将马铃薯切成带芽眼的小块,种植后可发育成新植株。

这种生殖方式属于A．有性生殖 B. 营养繁殖 C。

孢子生殖 D. 出芽生殖4。

切断传播途径是抑制微生物传染病传播的重要措施，下列做法属于切断流感病毒传播途径的是A．接种特效疫苗 B．设立隔离病房 C．室内定期通风 D．注射相应抗体5.在以下酶的固定方法的模式图中,属于载体结合法的是6。

下列人类活动中，有利于生物多样性稳定的是A．大面积使用除草剂杀灭田间的各种杂草B．大面积栽种某小麦品种取代本土品种C．在矿山废弃地上大面积栽种本土植物D．大面积将湿地改造为良田并种植水稻7.图1中甲、乙分别表示染色体畸变的两种现象,下列叙述正确的是图1A．甲：倒位乙：缺失 B．甲:倒位乙：重复C．甲：易位乙：缺失 D．甲：易位乙：重复8.哺乳动物长时间未饮水导致机体脱水时，会发生的生理现象是A．血浆渗透压降低 B．组织细胞发生质壁分离C．抗利尿激素分泌增加 D．肾小管对水分重吸收减弱9. 下列各项中，属于特异性免疫的是A．体内的天花抗体能防御天花病毒B．泪液中的溶菌酶可杀死沙眼衣原体C．胃液中的盐酸可杀死进入胃内的细菌D ．淋巴结内的吞噬细胞吞噬侵入人体的链球菌10.根据“探究洋葱表皮细胞外界溶液浓度与质壁分离关系”的实验经历及图2所示的实验结果判断错误．．的是 A 。

②中充满了细胞液B.与结构1相比，结构3的伸缩性更大C.若使图示细胞恢复正常形态，需用清水引流D.细胞若有活性,此时细胞液浓度可能等于外界溶液浓度 11。

2017届上海市嘉定区高三下学期教学质量调研考试(二模)生物卷

2017届上海市嘉定区高三下学期教学质量调研考试（二模）生物卷2017.4一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个答案）1. 下列为葡萄糖脱水缩合而成的长链大分子是A ．纤维素B ．麦芽糖C ．核酸D ．多肽2. 生物多样性分为分子、个体、宏观3个层次,下列不．属于生物多样性分类层次的是 A.环境多样性 B.物种多样性 C.遗传多样性 D.生态系统多样性3. 广泛用于牛奶、奶酪、啤酒等产品的消毒方法是A ．高压蒸汽灭菌B ．巴氏消毒法C ．酒精消毒D ．火焰灼烧4. 下列人体各种细胞中属于增殖细胞的是A ．肌肉细胞B ．神经细胞C ．胚胎干细胞D ．成熟的红细胞5. 图1为测量保卫细胞长度的局部视野，下列表述错误．．的是 A ．要测量该细胞的长度，需旋转目镜B ．若视野中物像不清晰，会造成测量误差C ．物镜从10换为40，图示测微尺每小格所代表的长度变小D ．在不同放大倍数下，图示测微尺每小格所代表的长度相同 6. 某同学制作一DNA 片段模型，现有若干不同类型塑料片，见表1。

还需准备脱氧核糖的塑料片数目是A.32B.40C.26D.527. 下列叙述不．符合现代进化理论的是 A ．生殖隔离是新物种形成的标志B ．可遗传变异为生物进化提供了原材料C ．生物进化是以某一具体生物个体的演变来进行的D ．自然选择使种群的基因频率定向改变并决定生物进化的方向8. 以下对人体内有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸生理活动的叙述中，正确的是A ．都产生二氧化碳B ．不可以同时进行C ．产生的能量不同D ．中间产物都相同图1表19. 科学家用小鼠骨髓瘤细胞与经过免疫的B 淋巴细胞融合得到杂交瘤细胞。

下列对于杂交瘤细胞及过程叙述不．正确的是 A ．可分泌特异性抗体 B ．高度分化，不能增殖C ．具有双亲细胞的遗传物质D ．上述过程为细胞融合技术10. 图2表示机体特异性免疫的部分过程示意图。

下列有关叙述错误．．的是 A. 过程Ⅰ属于体液免疫，过程Ⅱ属于细胞免疫 B. 巨噬细胞也可参与图示免疫过程C. 细胞a 只能为B 淋巴细胞，细胞b 只能为T 淋巴细胞D. 细胞c 只能为浆细胞，细胞d 只能为致敏T 细胞 11. 图3中①、②分别表示不同的变异类型，下列有关说法正确的是A ． ①：基因重组 ②：易位B ．①：易位 ②：基因重组C ． ①：易位 ②：易位D ．①：基因重组②：基因重组12. 要将土壤中的自身固氮菌与其它杂菌分离开来，应将它们接种在A ．加入氮源，加入杀菌剂的培养基上B ．不含氮源，含杀菌剂的培养基上C ．加入氮源，不加杀菌剂的培养基上D ．不含氮源，不含杀菌剂的培养基上13.下列关于“探究加酶洗衣粉和普通洗衣粉的洗涤效果”的叙述，合理的是A ．衣物质地和洗衣粉用量不会影响实验结果B ．先用热水溶解洗衣粉，再将水温调节到最适温度C ．相同pH 时加酶洗衣粉洗涤效果好于普通洗衣粉D ．实验的观察指标可以是相同洗涤时间内污渍的残留程度14. 图4是一低等海洋动物完成某反射的反射弧模式图。

2017届上海市普陀区高三下学期质量调研(二模)考试生物试题及答案

2017学年第二学期普陀区高三质量调研生命科学试卷说明：考试时间120分钟，满分150分，请将所有答案写在答题纸上一、选择题（每题只有一个最适答案，共60分）1．微生物的种类繁多，下列微生物中属于原核生物的是（）①衣藻②蓝藻③根霉④大肠杆菌⑤乳酸杆菌A．①②④ B．②③④c．③④⑤ D．②④⑤2．下列有关细胞器的说法正确的是（）A．核糖体是噬菌体、细菌、酵母菌唯一共有的细胞器B．线粒体是有氧呼吸的主要场所，在其中生成的产物有丙酮酸、二氧化碳和水C．洋葱鳞茎外表皮细胞中，具有双层膜的细胞器能利用光能合成糖类D．在机体免疫反应中，浆细胞内高尔基体活动会加强3．下列食物营养成分与鉴定试剂及显色反应之间的对应关系中，错误的是（）A．淀粉：碘液，蓝紫色 B．还原性糖：班氏试剂，红黄色C．脂肪：苏丹III染液，橘红色 D．蛋白质：双缩脲试剂，黄绿色4．下图甲表示四种不同的物质在一个动物细胞内外的相对浓度差异，其中通过图乙所示的过程来维持细胞内外浓度差异的物质是（）A．阳离子A B．阳离子B C．胰岛素 D．CO25. 某植物叶片不同部位的颜色不同，将该植物在黑暗中放置48 h 后，用锡箔纸遮蔽叶片两面，如图所示。

在日光下照光一段时间，去除锡箔纸，用碘染色法处理叶片，观察到叶片有的部位出现蓝色，有的没有出现蓝色。

其中，能出现蓝色的部位是( )A．a、b和dB．b、d和fC．b、d和cD．a、b和f6．现脱掉某60肽中的2个丙氨酸（相应位置如下图），得到几种不同的有机产物，其中脱下的氨基酸均以游离态存在。

下列有关该过程产生的全部有机物中相关原子、基团或肽键数目的叙述正确的是（）A．肽键数目减少2个 B．氢原子数目增加4个C．氧原子数目增加2个D．氨基和羧基分别增加4个7．右图显示了人体内能源物质的代谢途径，大写字母代表物质，其中物质Z直接参与了过程①，下列叙述不正确的是（）A．Y是丙酮酸 B．Q 是脂肪酸C．P是甘油D．过程①表示二羧酸循环8．给健康大鼠静脉注射大量的低渗食盐水后，下列变化合理的是（）A．细胞外液渗透压升高 B．大鼠的排尿量增加C．肾小管重吸收水能力增强 D．胰岛B细胞分泌胰岛素增加9．下列是外界环境因素对某植物的光合作用强度和呼吸作用强度影响的相关曲线图，据图分析错误的是（）A．图1中影响A点上下移动的主要外界因素是光照强度B．图2的数据需在适宜温度条件下测量，D点以后只进行有氧呼吸C．若图3中的温度始终处于37．5℃的恒温，每天日照12h，植物体干重将减少D．棚栽时为提高产量，光照强度应控制在C点对应的光照强度，温度在25℃左右最佳10．某实验室用两种方法进行酵母菌发酵葡萄糖生产酒精。

普陀区2017学年第二学期高三质量调研物理试卷(二模)

普陀区2017学年第二学期高三质量调研物理试卷一、选择题（共40分。

第1-8小题，每小题3分，第9-12小题，每小题4分。

每小题只有一个正确答案。

）1、由核反应产生，且属于电磁波的射线是（）（A）α射线（B）γ射线（C）X射线（D）阴极射线2、一颗恒星的寿命取决于它的（）（A）温度（B）颜色（C）质量（D）体积3、白光通过双缝后产生的干涉条纹是彩色的，其原因是不同色光的（）（A）频率不同（B）强度不同（C）振动方向不同（D）传播速度不同4、关于布朗运动，下列说法中正确的是（）（A）液体分子的无规则运动就是布朗运动（B）布朗运动的激烈程度跟温度无关（C）布朗运动是悬浮在液体中的固体颗粒不断地受到液体分子的撞击而引起的（D）悬浮在液体中固体颗粒越大，在某一瞬时撞击它的分子数越多，布朗运动越明显5、某教室墙上有一朝南的钢窗，当把钢窗左侧向外推开时，下列说法正确的是（）（A）穿过窗户的地磁场的磁通量变大（B）穿过窗户的地磁场的磁通量不变（C）从推窗人的角度看，窗框中的感应电流方向是逆时针（D）从推窗人的角度看，窗框中的感应电流方向是顺时针6、如图，倾斜的天花板上有一物块，该物块在竖直向上的恒力F作用下恰好能沿天花板匀速上升，下列说法中正确的是（）（A）物块一定受两个力的作用（B）物块一定受三个力的作用（C）物块可能受三个力的作用（D）物块可能受四个力的作用7、如图，在点电荷产生的电场中，实线MN是一条方向未标出的电场线，虚线AB是一个电子只在静电力作用下的运动轨迹。

下列说法正确的是（）（A）电子一定从A向B运动（B）A点电势高于B点电势（C）电子在A点的电势能大于它在B点的电势能（D）电子在A点的加速度大于它在B点的加速度8、如图，弹性轻绳的一端套在手指上，另一端与弹力球连接，用手将弹力球以某一竖直向下的初速度抛出，抛出后手保持不动。

从球抛出瞬间至球第一次到达最低点的过程中（弹性轻绳始终在弹性限度内，不计空气阻力），下列说法正确的是（）（A）绳刚伸直时，球的速度最大（B）该过程中，球的加速度一直减小（C）该过程中，重力对球做的功大于球克服绳的拉力做的功（D）在最低点时，球、绳和地球组成的系统势能最大9、甲、乙两同学们利用反应尺估测反应时间。

2017届上海市普陀区高三下学期4月二模生物试题及答案

2017学年第二学期普陀区高三质量调研生命科学试卷说明：考试时间120分钟，满分150分，请将所有答案写在答题纸上。

一、选择题（每题只有一个最适答案，共60分）1、下列古诗与生物学原理不符的是（）2、科学家尝试用35S标记一定量的氨基酸，来培养该哺乳动物的乳腺细胞。

则实验期间该乳腺细胞分泌的四种物质中，没有放射性的物质是（）A.乳蛋白B. 乳脂C.抗体D. 免疫球蛋白3、下图①～⑥表示不同化学元素所组成的化合物，以下说法不正确的是( )A．若②是细胞膜的脂质成分，则不具有物种的特异性B．若图中⑤为过氧化氢酶，则①经脱水缩合形成⑤的过程主要发生在核糖体上C．若②为多聚体，且能贮存生物的遗传信息，则②一定是DNAD. 若④主要在人体肝脏和肌肉内合成，则④最可能是糖原4、下图表示整体与部分的关系，甲图中Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ与乙图有对应关系。

下列叙述错误的是（）A.若Ⅰ为高等动物的内环境，并且有Ⅱ→Ⅲ→Ⅳ的关系，则Ⅱ是血浆，Ⅳ是组织液B.若Ⅰ代表有氧呼吸的三个阶段，Ⅲ为第一阶段，此阶段在真核细胞中发生的场所是细胞质基质C.若Ⅰ为可遗传变异，Ⅳ能产生新的基因，则Ⅳ是基因突变D.若Ⅰ为光反应产物，Ⅱ是O2,Ⅲ是ATP，则Ⅳ是NADPH5、下图表示生物技术之间的关系。

图中a表示基因工程，b 表示发酵工程，e表示克隆技术，则c和d可分别表示( )A.胚胎移植和细胞培养B．细胞培养和花粉离体培养C．显微注射技术和细胞培养D．显微注射技术和花粉离体培养6、下列关于血脂和脂蛋白的说法不正确的是（）A．右图是脂蛋白的结构示意图，四种脂蛋白的主要区Array别在A部分B．编号C是磷脂，B是蛋白质，成分A是合成脂质类激素的原料C．若该脂蛋白是密度最小的脂蛋白，则其颗粒大、携带较多的甘油三酯D．血浆中胆固醇主要以LDL形式运输7、用打孔器打出6块滤纸小圆片编号C1－C6，浸在一块点样瓷板6个凹穴（C1－C6，凹穴中滴加等量相应的溶液）中一段时间，用镊子将小圆片放在同一淀粉琼脂培养基上的不同位置，37℃孵育30min，倒入碘液1min后洗去碘液，观察培养基上相应位置是否产生透明圈（不产生蓝黑色的范围），结果如下表所示，对该实验分析不正确的是( )A．该实验的目的是探究PH对绿豆淀粉酶活性的影响B．C4、C5为实验组，C1和C 2、C 3、C6均为对照组C．该实验说明绿豆淀粉酶在弱碱性环境中活性较高D．若在C4凹穴中再滴加2滴稀碳酸钠溶液后重复该实验，实验结果与C5相同8、下图为叶绿体色素的吸收光谱。

2017届上海市静安区高三4月教学质量检测(二模)生物试卷(带解析)

绝密★启用前2017届上海市静安区高三4月教学质量检测（二模）生物试卷（带解析）试卷副标题考试范围：xxx ；考试时间：75分钟；命题人：xxx学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________注意事项．1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题）一、选择题（题型注释）1、某种二倍体生物的某基因座存在四种基因，分别是A 1、A2、A3、a ，其中A 对a 为显性，A 1、A 2、A 3之间为不完全显性。

则下列相关叙述正确的是（）A ．个体细胞中有4个染色体组B ．显性生物个体是杂合体C ．物种的相关表现型有7种D ．物种的相关基因型有8种2、某种植物高茎（A ）对矮茎（a ）显性，红花（B ）对白花（b ）显性。

现有红花高茎植株与白花矮茎植株杂交，子一代植株性状表现与比例如下表：试卷第2页，共11页则：红花高茎亲本的基因型是（）A. B. C. D.3、如图表示神经纤维膜内外电位状态及其测量装置，测得的膜电位如图中微电压计量表指针所示，相关解释正确的是（）A ．测量处神经纤维为静息态，测得的是膜外电位B ．测量处神经纤维为静息态，测得的是膜内电位C ．测量处神经纤维为兴奋态，测得的是膜外电位D ．测量处神经纤维为兴奋态，测得的是膜内电位4、受精卵经分裂、分化，形成了人体多种形态和功能的体细胞，则相关叙述正确的是（）A ．人体不同种类体细胞的基因不同B ．人体不同种类细胞中的染色体数不同C ．人体不同种类体细胞中蛋白质种类有所不同D ．人体不同种类体细胞中的RNA 数与DNA 数相同5、某山羊种群中，基因型BB 的个体占18%，Bb 的个体占78%，则B 基因的频率是（） A ．57% B ．36% C ．18%D ．92%6、如图表示通过突触传递信息的示意图，下列有关叙述正确的是（）A ．乙神经元正处于兴奋状态B ．①是树突膜，②是离子通道C ．③是神经递质的通道D ．信息传导方向由乙至甲7、一位红绿色盲男孩的母亲色觉正常，父亲是红绿色盲患者，则男孩的色盲基因来自（） A ．母亲B ．父亲C ．父母双方D ．父亲或母亲8、下列关于DNA 的叙述，正确的是（） A ．DNA 存在于一切生物体中 B ．基因突变一般易发生于DNA 复制时 C ．A-T 碱基对稳定性高于C-G 碱基对D ．DNA 中任意碱基改变都会导致性状改变9、某植物幼苗刚倒伏为图8状态，一段时间后形成图9状态，则该过程中，其根部近地侧（黑点处）生长素浓度的变化应该是图中的曲线（）A ．aB ．bC ．cD ．d10、如图为生物遗传信息传递与表达过程示意图，数字表示过程，相关叙述正确的是（）A ．①是转录B ．②是逆转录C ．③是翻译D ．甲是肽链11、以下是显微镜下观测到的同一个洋葱表皮细胞质壁分离与复原过程中的镜像变化，相关叙述正确的是（）A ．结构①②③④构成原生质层B ．视野中呈现紫色的部位是③试卷第4页，共11页C ．Y 时结构⑤中的自由水显著减少D ．⑥空间大小与外界溶液浓度呈反比12、如图是蛋白质代谢过程的部分示意图，关于该图意的解释正确的是（）A ．过程①是氨基转换作用B ．过程②释放的能量最多C ．过程③发生在线粒体中D ．过程④发生在肾细胞中13、如图中，甲、乙、丙表示某个生物体内的三个细胞，相关叙述正确的是（）A ．甲细胞处于有丝分裂的中期B ．乙细胞处于减数第二次分裂后期C ．三种细胞不可能都存在于性腺中D ．孟德尔遗传定律可发生于丙细胞14、如图是细胞膜亚显微结构模式图，①～③表示构成细胞膜的物质，下列叙述错误的是（）A ．①、②、③具有半流动性B ．②构成细胞膜的基本骨架C ．脂肪酸通过①出入细胞D ．①、③与细胞膜选择透过性有关15、我国浙江淀山湖水域中有几十种鱼，这一生物多样性现象体现的是（） A ．遗传多样性B ．物种多样性C ．生态多样性D ．生理多样性16、下列有关人体血压的叙述，正确的是（）A ．肱动脉收缩时的血压称为收缩压B ．交感神经兴奋引起降压反射C ．血液粘滞度增加易导致血压升高D ．人体收缩压越低则脉压越高17、下列有关现代生物进化理论的叙述，正确的是（） A ．生物进化的基本单位是个体 B ．生物进化的本质是基因频率的定向改变 C ．狮虎兽是哺乳动物的新物种D ．同种生物的种群大小与基因库大小呈反比18、肽酶可以水解下列化合物（如图所示），肽酶水解作用的部位是（）A ．①B ．②C ．③D ．④19、ATP 的结构式可用图表示，其中高能磷酸键的部位是（）A ．仅①处B ．仅③处C ．①和②处D ．②和③20、下列物质中，含有磷元素的是（） A ．脂肪B ．纤维素C ．氨基酸D ．核苷酸试卷第6页，共11页第II 卷（非选择题）二、综合题（题型注释）（五）回答下列有关基因工程的问题从人的胰岛细胞中制备胰岛素编码基因，再用DNA 连接酶与合适的质粒拼接成重组质粒。

(完整版)上海市普陀区2017-2018学年生命科学等级考二模试卷及参考答案(最新整理)

普陀区2017-2018学年度高中学业（等级考）质量调研生命科学试卷考试说明：1．本试卷满分l00分，考试时间60分钟。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分；所有答题必须填写在答题纸上相应区域内，超过答题区域的答案填写无效。

一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1、下图箭头所指的化学键中，表示肽键的是（）A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④2、肉毒杆菌是一种生长在缺氧环境下的细菌，其生命活动过程中会分泌一种蛋白质类的肉毒杆菌毒素。

下图为最适温度下A、B浓度的变化曲线。

叙述错误的是（）A．酶C能催化A生成BB．该体系中酶促反应速率先快后慢C ．T 2后B 增加缓慢是酶活性降低导致的D ．适当降低反应温度，T 2值增大4、为研究植物细胞质壁分离现象，某同学将某植物的叶表皮放入一定浓度的甲物质溶液中，一段时间后观察到叶表皮细胞发生了质壁分离现象。

下列说法错误的是（）A ．该植物的叶表皮细胞是具有液泡的活细胞B ．细胞内渗透压小于细胞外的渗透压C ．细胞液中的H 2O 可以经扩散进入甲物质溶液中D ．甲物质和H 2O 能自由通过该叶表皮细胞的细胞膜5．右图显示的是叶绿体结构，下列有关判断错误的是（）A ．甲为单层膜结构B ．氧气在乙处产生C ．乙和丙中都含有H +D ．缺少CO 2时乙中的生理活动不受影响6、下图为某学生整理的关于植物体内 “碳”循环示意图，其中不存在的环节是（）A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④7、将云母片插入苗尖端及其下部的不同位置如图所示，给与单侧光照射，下列不发生弯曲生长的是（）8、下图示意老鼠恐惧反射建立的过程，其中分析正确的是（）A．图甲中的声音属于无关刺激B．图乙中电击属于条件刺激C．图丙中的声音属于非条件刺激D．条件反射一旦形成，不易消退9、下图表示机体特异性免疫的部分过程示意图。

上海市普陀区高三下学期二模试题生物

（6）配制含有5mmol/L葡萄糖的培养液模拟正常小鼠的体液环境。请在表中横线上选填编号完成以下实验设计。
组别
实验对象
处理方式
实验结果检测指标对照组①③____________
实验组1
____________
③
实验组2
____________
____________
实验组3
②
____________
（6）根据图信息，推测此病的遗传方式最可能是____。
A.常染色体显性遗传B.常染色体隐性遗传
C.伴X显性遗传D.伴X隐性遗传
（7）如果Ⅱ4再次怀孕，预测其生一个健康孩子概率为____________。
（8）通常孕妇血浆中存在游离的胎儿DNA。为实现优生优育，能否用Ⅱ4的血液检测胎儿是否含有单唾液四已糖神经节苷脂沉积病致病基因?___________（“能”或“不能”），原因是____________。
单唾液四已糖神经节苷脂沉积病是一种单基因（GLB1基因）遗传病，主要发生在婴幼儿时期，随着病情的发展，临床症状多样，常见的有智力发育迟缓、失明、癫痫、肺部感染、跌伤等情况。图22为该病患者的家系图。请回答问题：
（4）仅依据图中的系谱图，推测此病的遗传方式最可能是____。
A 常染色体显性遗传B.常染色体隐性遗传
三、石油与生态系统
3.河口生态系统是世界上最大的水生生态系统之一，在连接着陆地和海洋的结构和功能上发挥着重要作用，黄海海域某河口生态系统营养结构图31所示。
（1）图中，从营养结构分析，银鲳最高属于第______________（编号选填）营养级。
①二②三③四④五
（2）海洋碎屑包括海洋动物的粪便、陆地河流流入的颗粒物以及海洋生物尸体的分解物等，因此从成分上看头足类（如乌贼、章鱼）属于______________。（编号选填）

上海市普陀区2017届高三下学期质量调研(二模)生物试题(答案+解析)

上海市普陀区2017届高三下学期质量调研（二模）一、选择题1.下列不属于原核生物的是（）A. 颤藻B. 水绵C. 大肠杆菌D. 蓝藻【答案】B【解析】颤藻属于蓝藻，都属于原核生物，故A、D项不符合题意；水绵属于真核生物，B项符合题意；大肠杆菌属于细菌，属于原核生物，C项不符合题意。

【点睛】本题考查细胞种类，对于此类试题，需要考生掌握一些常考的生物所属的类别，特别是原核生物，包括蓝藻、细菌、支原体、衣原体、放线菌，其中对于细菌的判断，要掌握技巧，一般在菌字前有“杆”、“球”、“螺旋”和“弧”等字样的都为细菌。

2.下列各图中，能正确表示肽键结构的是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】由氨基酸脱水缩合反应可知羧基（-COOH）与氨基（-NH2）脱去1分子水后形成的部分是-CO-NH-，是连接两个氨基酸分子的化学键，即肽键。

又C的最外层为4个电子，N的最外层为5个电子，所以C与O形成2个共同电子对，N与H形成1个共同电子对，故C项正确，A、B、D项错误。

3.“自噬”是真核细胞能主动降解自身组成结构物质（如衰老的细胞器等），以实现细胞本身的代谢需要。

细胞中具有“降解自身物质功能”的细胞器是（）A. 高尔基体B. 核糖体C. 叶绿体D. 溶酶体【答案】D【解析】高尔基体主要是对来自内质网的蛋白质进行加工、分类和包装的“车间”及“发送站”，不具有“降解自身物质功能”，A项不符合题意；核糖体是“生产蛋白质的机器”，不具有“降解自身物质功能”，B项不符合题意；叶绿体是绿色植物进行光合作用的细胞器，不具有“降解自身物质功能”，C项不符合题意；溶酶体是“消化车间”，内含多种水解酶。

具有“降解自身物质功能”，以产生营养成分供细胞急需，D项符合题意。

4.下图是细胞膜的亚显微结构模式图，①～③表示构成细胞膜的物质。

下列有关叙述中错误的是( )A. 细胞识别与物质①有关B. 主动运输需要物质②的参与C. 物质③的结构特点决定细胞具有选择透过性D. 细胞膜有一定的流动性【答案】C【解析】①是糖蛋白，在细胞膜上能执行多种功能，如识别、信息交流等，A项正确；物质②是膜蛋白，有些可能是载体蛋白，主动运输需要物质②的参与，B项正确；物质③是磷脂分子，物质②③均与细胞的选择透过性有关，C项错误；细胞膜上的磷脂和绝大多数蛋白质都是可以运动的，说明细胞膜有一定的流动性，D项正确。

专题14 体温调节【含答案及解析】

专题14 体温调节【含答案及解析】姓名___________ 班级____________ 分数__________一、综合题1. 【湖南省长郡中学2017年高考模拟卷二理科综合生物试题】冬天，同学们从温暖的教室里出来到操场上跑操，由于教室内外温度很大，机体需经过一系列调节活动才能维持内环境的稳态。

请回答下列问题：（1）寒冷可引起皮肤冷觉感受器产生兴奋，沿传入神经传至下丘脑的体温调节中枢，经中枢处理，使传出神经末梢释放神经递质，引起皮肤毛细血管收缩，血流量减少，从而减少皮肤的 __________ 。

在此调节过程中，由体温调节中枢发出的传出神经调控的效应器除了上述的毛细血管外，还主要有 ____________ （答出两项即可）。

（2）刚到寒冷的环境时，甲状腺直接在 ___________ 激素的作用下分泌活动增强。

调查发现，学生在寒冷的室外比温暖的室内的“精气神”要大，从神经调节和体液调节之间关系的角度可以判断甲状腺激素还有 _____________ 的功能。

（3）由于室内外温差很大，人体维持稳态的调节能力有限，同学们的身体会受到一定的影响。

即使是在夏季，医生也建议，在剧烈运动导致大汗淋漓之后最好不要立即到温度很低的空调间“乘凉”，其主要依据是 __________________________________________ 。

2. 【上海市普陀区2017届高三下学期质量调研（二模）生物试题】下图为某小型哺乳动物受持续寒冷刺激时，机体调节脂肪细胞代谢的过程。

（1）在调节甲状腺分泌甲状腺激素的过程中，下丘脑能分泌 _____________ 激素作用于垂体，促进垂体分泌 _____________ 激素，该激素能促进甲状腺合成和分泌甲状腺激素；当甲状腺激素分泌过多时，又能（填编号） ______________ （① 促进; ② 抑制）下丘脑和垂体分泌上述激素，这种调节方式称为 __________ 。

2017学年普陀区高三生物二模试卷及答案

2016学年第二学期普陀区高中质量调研生命科学试题考生注意：1、考试时间60分钟，试卷满分100分。

2、本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不得分。

3、答题前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

4、答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，错位答题或修改答题纸题号不得分。

一、选择题（每题仅有一个正确答案，共40分）1、下列不属于原核生物的是（）A．颤藻B．水绵C．大肠杆菌D．蓝藻2．下列各图中，能正确表示肽键结构的是（）3、“自噬”是真核细胞能主动降解自身组成结构物质（如衰老的细胞器等），以实现细胞本身的代谢需要。

细胞中具有”降解自身物质功能”的细胞器是（）A．高尔基体B．核糖体C．叶绿体D．溶酶体4、下图是细胞膜的亚显微结构模式图，①～③表示构成细胞膜的物质。

下列有关叙述中错误的是( )A．细别识别与物质①有关B．主动运输需要物质②的参与C．物质③的结构特点决定细胞具有选择透过性D．细胞膜有一定的流动性5、根据“探究洋葱表皮细胞外界溶液浓度与质壁分离关系”的实验经历与下图信息，下列叙述中错误的是（）A．质壁分离时，植物细胞失去的水分主要来自大液泡B．如果A/B值越大，说明所滴加的蔗糖溶液浓度越大C．所滴加的蔗糖溶液浓度越大，该细胞A值越小D．图中A/B值越大，说明细胞质壁分离程度越高6、下图为在某温度和pH条件下，人血液中的碳酸酐酶酶促反应速率随底物浓度变化的示意图。

下列有关叙述中错误的是（）A．底物浓度为a时，再增加底物浓度，反应速率加快B．底物浓度为b时，再增加底物浓度，反应速率加快C．底物浓度为a时，若改变反应温度，反应速率可能改变D．底物浓度为b时，若改变反应pH，反应速率可能改变7、下列有关植物激素调节的说法，其中不正确的是（）A．同一植物的根、茎、芽所需最适生长素浓度相同B．细胞分裂素能通过促进细胞分裂，从而促进植物生长C．脱落酸能促进果实的衰老和脱落D．乙烯具有促进果实成熟的作用8、如图所示，a、b、c为对胚芽鞘做不同处理的实验，d为一植株被纸盒罩住，纸盒的一侧开口，有单侧光照。

上海市普陀区2017届高三下学期质量调研(二模)化学试卷 Word版含答案

36. （6分，合理即可）。
a．气体的压强不发生变化b．气体的密度不发生变化
c．不发生变化d．单位时间里分解的H2S和生成的H2一样多
28．实验结果如右图。图中曲线a表示H2S的平衡转化率与温度关系，曲线b表示不同温度下、反应经过相同时间且未达到化学平衡时H2S的转化率。该反应为_____反应（填“放热”或“吸热”）。曲线b随温度的升高，向曲线a通近的原因是_________。在容器体积不变的情况下，如果要提高H2的体积分数，可采取的一种措施是________。
D．铁制品连接电源正极可防止腐蚀
16．下列各项应用涉及的化学原理完全相同的是
A．用氯化铁或液氯处理废水B．用铁槽车或铝槽车运输浓硫酸
C．用二氧化硫或氯气漂自织物D．用亚硫酸钠或氯水处理二氧化硫尾气
17．向0.lmol/LCH3COOH溶液中加入少量Na0H固体（忽略温度、体积变化），增大的是
A．氢离子浓度B．水的电离程度C．水的离子积D．醋酸浓度
29．使1LH2S与20L空气（空气中O2体积分数为0.2）完全反应后恢复到室温，混合气体的体积是______L。若2gH2S完全燃烧后生成二氧化硫和水蒸气，同时放出29.4 kJ的热量，该反应的热化学方程式是__________________。
（三）本题共15分
实验室中模拟纯碱工业制法，进行了如下三步实验：①将CO2、NH3通入H2O中制得NH4HCO3，②NH4HCO3和饱和食盐水反应生成小苏打，③将小苏打制成纯碱。
7．可检验FeC13溶液中是否含FeCl2的试剂是
A . KSCN溶液B．氯水C. Na0H溶液D．酸性KMnO4溶液
8．分子式为CnH2n+1Cl( n>l)的卤代烃不能发生消去反应，n的最小值是

2010-2023历年上海市普陀区高三第二次模拟考试生物试卷

2010-2023历年上海市普陀区高三第二次模拟考试生物试卷第1卷一.参考题库(共20题)1.下图为某家族遗传病系谱图(用A、ａ表示控制基因)，下列说法正确的是（）A．由1×2→4和5，可推知此病为显性遗传病B．5号和6号再生一个患病女儿的概率为1/8C．2号、5号的基因型分别为AA、AaD．2号和5号是直系血亲，7号和8号属于三代以内的旁系血亲2.下列有关科学家与其科学成就的连线，不吻合的是（）A．孟德尔（G. Mendel）——发现了遗传三大定律B．艾弗里(O.Avery)——首次证明了DNA是遗传物质C．达尔文(C. Darwin)——《物种起源》D．沃森（J.Watson）和克里克(F.Crick)——建立了DNA分子双螺旋结构模型3.假定某大肠杆菌含15N的DNA分子的相对分子质量为a，含14N的DNA相对分子质量为b。

现将一条链含14N 另一条链15N的DNA分子的大肠杆菌培养在含14N的培养基中，那么子二代的DNA相对分子质量平均为（）A．(3a+b)/4B．(7a+b)/8C．(a+7b)/8D．(a+3b)/44.一对夫妇生了“龙风双胞胎”，其中男孩色盲，女孩正常，而该夫妇的双方父母中，只有一个带有色盲基因。

则此夫妇的基因型为（）A．X b Y，X B X BB．X B Y，X B X bC．X B Y，X b X bD．X b Y，X B X b5.构成纤维素、DNA、过氧化氢酶的化学成分中，共有的化学元素是（）A．C、H、O、N B．C、H、OC．C、H、O、N、P D．C、H、O、N、P、S6.下列物质由肝细胞内核糖体合成的是（）A．转氨酶B．糖原C．胆汁D．尿素7.（14分）人体生命活动调节包括神经调节和激素调节两种方式。

下图为人体生命活动调节示意图，请分析回答下列问题。

（1）若图中刺激为寒冷时，则在激素调节中与甲状腺激素起协同作用的激素是，两者通过促进代谢的方式调节体温；同时神经中枢还可以直接发出神经冲动作用于骨骼肌和汗腺等靶器官，通过物理方式调节体温。