2014年职称英语考试：卫生类概括大意常考文章1

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职称英语《卫生A》真题及答案-概括大意

职称英语《卫生A》真题及答案:概括大意Aromatherapy(芳香疗法)1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers,leaves,bark,branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing ptoperties.In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils,such as almond(杏仁)oil,or they are diluted(稀释)with water.These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin,sprayed in the air,or applied as a compress(敷药)。

2 Many people have aroatherapy massages(按摩),and depending on the treatment aperson is having,the aroatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders.The massage is smooth and flowing,as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm.The sessions are tailored to the indivi dual’s health and mood at rhe time,so every session is unique.3 Practioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directy stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream,where they can affect the whole body and promote healing.Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion,imtproves the functiong of respiratory system,reduces muscular aches and pains,and promotes muscle relaxation and tone.It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation,lower blood pressure,and help combat insomia(失眠)and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches,anxiety,and mild depression.4 However,while aroatherapy may hace real effects that promate a sense of well-being,some tradional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers.While research has confirmed that aroatherapy does have some positiveshort-term effects on most people,it also suggests that aroatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness.Furthermore,not all aroatherapy is considered beneficial to health.There are precautions which shoula be taken bofore having aroatherapy because some oils can have negative effets on people with certain medical conditions.The study of aroatherapy is relatively new and unexplored.More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects.【参考答案】23. Paragragh 1 (D)24. Paragragh 2 (F)25. Paragragh 3 (C)26. Paragragh 4 (E)A. Current research into aroatherapyB. Aroatherapy and convetional medicineC. Different views about aroatherapyD. Introduction to aroatherapyE. Doubts about the benefits aroatherapyF. Personalized aroatherap massage【参考答案】27. Aromatherapy is a mixture oil from parts of the plants to (E)28. The sessions of aromatherapy massages are designed to (A)29. Aromatherapy is believed to (C) in various ways30. The used and benefits of aromatherapy need to (B)A. suit different peopleB. be further exploredC. help the disabledD. be used externallyE. have healing effetsF. be promoted。

2014全国职称英语等级考试卫生类概括大意与完成句子——译文

第三部分概括大意与完成句子第一篇：美国签订了全球烟草协议美国朝着批准一项全球性烟草协议迈出了第一步。

该协议有望在世界范围内控制使用烟草所产生的致命性影响。

卫生和人类服务大臣托米?汤普森本周在联合国签署了烟草控制框架性协议（FCTC)。

在美国能够实施其条款之前参议院还必须要批准这个协议。

FCTC是由世界卫生组织制定的，并且是由世界卫生大会的成员们去年批准的，其中包括美国。

批准该协议的国家将被要求制定严格的烟草控制政策。

例如，在那些国家出售的香烟将必须在每包烟的正反面至少30%的地方注明吸烟有害健康的警告。

这个协议呼吁对烟草收取更多的税，限制在公共场所吸烟和进一步推动禁止烟草的计划。

它还要求禁止烟草广告，但是对像美国这样的国家有例外，这些国家的宪法禁止这么率的禁令。

这个协议的影响可能是巨大的。

世界卫生组织估计世界上每年有500万人因为吸烟而死亡。

仅在美国，每年大约有44万人死于与烟草相关的疾病；美国所有的癌症中约有1/3是因为吸烟导致的。

如果目前的趋势持续的话，世界卫生组织估计，到2025年烟草将每年夺取一千万人的生命。

这个协议至少被40个国家批准才能生效。

到目前为止，109个国家已经签订了这个协议，12个国家已经批准了它。

第二篇午睡可以使心脏更健康吗？研究人员声称他们开发出了一种简单的测试，它可以判断一个心脏病患者发病的可能性。

这种测试就是测量一种特定的蛋白质在血液中的含量。

研究人员指出，血液中含有大量这种蛋白质的人是心脏病发作、心力衰竭、中风的高危人群。

领导这个课题研究小组的是来自加州大学旧金山分校的Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo。

在大约四年间，他们研究了约1000个心脏病患者。

研究人员测试心脏病患者体内一种叫做NT-proBNP(N端—脑型利钠肽原)的蛋白质的含量。

体内该蛋白质含量最高的患者与水平最低的患者相比，心脏病发作、心力囊竭、中风的可能性相差近八倍。

研究人员指出，血液中出现这种蛋白质表明心肌在某种程度上受到了压迫。

2014全国职称英语等级考试卫生类补全短文译文

第五部分补全短文第一篇身材苗条的女性可能很早就为体重发愁身材瘦削的女性自认为身体肥胖的原因有很多，但是一项新析研究表明态度通常与童年的经历有关。

研究者发现在他们调查的2，400名身材瘦削的女性中，有将近10%的人认为她们太重了。

童年的经历有可能造成对身体形象存有不正确的态度，其中包括：父亲或者母亲生病，或是年幼时便开始酗酒或是过性生活。

以哥本哈根丹麦癌症协会的Susanne Kruger Kjaer博士为首的研究者认为,社会认为的“理想”女性身材趋向偏瘦型身材。

研究者指出，很多体重正常的女性希望体重再减轻—些。

为了调查身材瘦削女性心目中的身体形象，研究者给2,443名27岁到38岁、体重指数在正常值下限的女性发放了问卷。

这些女性被问及从童年经历到目前的运动习惯等因素。

总的来说，大约10%的女性认为她们太胖了。

那些童年或青少年时代经历过某种”严重的生活事件”的人更容易对身体形象存有不正确的态度，这些事件如父亲或者母亲生病或受教育的希望破灭。

那些还不到15岁就有性生活或开始酗酒的女性也同样如此。

与此形成对照的是，研究者报告说，成年后的痛苦事件，例如严重的疾病或严重的婚姻问题，与不正确的身体形象观无关。

加尔和她的同事们写道：“我们的研究结果表明，对自己体型的不满可能在人生根早的时候就产生了。

”第二篇尿床每天晚上全世界会有数百万的孩子尿床。

尿床现象如此普遍，以至于你们班里也可能有别的孩子也尿床。

大多数孩子不会把自己尿床的事告诉朋友，因此很容易感到你是独自一人，好像全世界只有你一个人尿床。

但你并不是一个人。

尿床的学名是夜间遗尿。

遗尿在家族中代代相传.也就是说，如果你有尿床的毛病，很可能你的近亲小的时候也尿床：正如你的那双蓝眼睛可能遗传白你母亲，或者你的两条长腿遗传自你的叔叔，你尿床也可能是遗传所致。

很重要的一点是没有人会故意尿床。

尿床并不意味着你懒惰或是粗俗。

这是件身不由己的事。

因为某些原因，尿床的孩子感觉不到他膀胱已满而起来去上厕所。

2014年职称英语考试试题：卫生类概括大意练习2

2014年职称英语考试试题：卫生类概括大意练习（2）The Role of Governments1 Governments determine the legal framework that sets the basic meets for the ownership of property and the operation of markets. In addition governments at all levels regulate economic behavior, setting detailed rules for the operation of businesses. Such regulations apply to all businesses;examples include laws against fraud and racial discrimination.2 Governments buy and produce many goods and services, such as defense, education, parks, and roads, which they provide for firms and households. They typically buy computers but write programs they need to operate them. Governments also produce and sell goods. In many countries the phone company is government?owned, like the electric system.3 Governments also make transfer payments, such as Social Security and unemployment benefits to individuals. Transfer payments are payments for which no current economic goods or service is provided in return and therefore do not represent expenditure(支出)for the purchase of final products. A firefighter’s salary is not a transfer payment, but welfare benefits are.4 Governments pay for the goods they buy and for the transfer payments they make mostly by collecting taxes, including personal income taxes, property taxes, social insurance taxes, and sales taxes. Over 60% of the government revenue in the U. S. is collected by the federal government. This does not include taxes collected by state and city governments.5 Every market economy suffers from business cycles. Governments, through their control of taxes and government spending and through their ability to control the quantity of money, often attempt to modify fluctuations(波动) in the business cycle. For instance, the government may reduce taxes in a recession(萧条)in the hope that people will increase spending and thus raise the GNP.23 Paragraph 224 Paragraph 325 Paragraph 426 Paragraph 5A Collecting TaxesB Making Transfer PaymentsC Making Laws and RegulationsD Buying and Selling Goods and ServicesE Stabilizing the EconomyF Controlling the Market27 Governments regulate economic behavior, and the regulations .28 Besides buying and producing services, governments also .29 The government revenue in the U. S. is collected by the federal government and .30 The government may reduce taxes in a recession in order to .A apply to all businessB raise the GNPC state and city governmentD reduce spendingE modify flutuations in the business cycleF produce and sell goods。

职称英语卫生类AB级概括大意例题详解

Ginseng shows benefits in cancer treatment Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men, while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel, US researchers reported on Saturday in two of the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine. The studies reflect doctor’s efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help. Americans spend between $ 36 billion and $ 46 billion year on complementary and alternative therapies, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. “Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm, ”said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. In the flaxseed study, researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seed’s role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer. “The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed,” said Dr. Nancy Davidson, an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president-elect of ASCO. “I think this is fascinating.” Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and lignins, a fiber found on the seed coat. “We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile, ” said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, a researcher in Duke’s School of Nursing, who led the study. Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of flaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days. Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet. After the surgery, the cancer cells in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group. But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed. “It’s a healthy food. It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we can not definitely say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer,” she said, adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer. In the ginseng trial, Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and colleagues tested three different does of the herb on patients with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000-mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000-mg does said their fatigue symptoms were “moderately better”or “much better”. Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group. Patients on the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency. It was powered and given in a capsule form. “I wouldn’t have predicted this, I have to admit, ” Davidson said in an interview. “We might want to test this in a large scale.” The flaxseed study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by US Public Health Service grants. 1. Paragraph 2 ___. 2. Paragraph 4 ___. 3. Paragraph 5 ___. 4. Paragraph 6 ___. A. the motivation of flaxseed study B. the study on ginseng displays its good promise C. the doctors’ responsibilities led them to carry out these two studies D. ginseng is as good to cancer patients as flaxseed E. the methods and results of the study on flaxseed F. a different opinion on the use of flaxseed 5. Doctors in the US wanted to know ___. 6. Both studies on flaxseed and ginseng show ___. 7. It is the unique nutrient profile of flaxseed ___. 8. In the ginseng trial the researchers tested the potency of ginseng ___. A. that led the researchers in Duke’s School of Nursing to study it B. by giving different dose of the herb to patients with different cancers C. whether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or not D. though both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicines E. that either of them is beneficial to cancer patients F. because we still have to see if flaxseed can prevent prostate cancer答案与解析： 1. 分析⽂章标题：Ginseng(⼈参) Shows(显⽰，展⽰) benefit(利益，好处) in cancer(癌症) treatment(治疗) ⽂章主题词：ginseng, benefit, cancer, treatment 2. 分析⼩标题被选项： A. the motivation(动机) of flaxseed(亚⿇籽) study(研究) B. the study on ginseng(⼈参) displays(显⽰，展⽰) its good promise(，前景，希望) C. the doctors’ responsibilities(责任) led them to carry out (完成)these two studies(研究) D. ginseng is as good to cancer patients as flaxseed E. the methods(⽅法) and results(结果) of the study on flaxseed F. a different(不同的) opinion(观点) on the use of flaxseed 分析：被选项B和D直接涉及⽂章主题词，因此可能是答案。

2014年职称英语考试卫生类新增文章汇总完整版字典版可以直接打印

psychologist / sa k ləd st / n．心理学家
psychiatrist /sai' kaiətr st/ n．精神病学家(医生)
Austrian /
str ən / adj．奥地利的
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
gender / d endə / n．性别
注释： 1．Sigmund Freud西格蒙德•弗洛伊德（1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。精神分析学派的创始人。他认为被压抑的欲望绝大部分是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神病的根本原因。著有《性学三论》《梦的释义》《图腾与禁忌》《日常生活的心理病理学》《精神分析引论》《精神分析引论新编》等。
6b第六段和第七段虽然讲我们是我们自己的医生这是一个比喻意思是我们不用医生我们吃的东西山上的植物具有保健作用
职称英语卫生类教材新增第二部分阅读判断第九篇 What Is a Dream? For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions. Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way. The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 was once a student of Freud’s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves. Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person’s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime. Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop. He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones. Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn’t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It’s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world. 词汇：

2014年职称英语考试：卫生类概括大意常考文章2

2014年职称英语考试：卫生类概括大意常考文章（2）ZYBAN Tablets (药片)1 ZYBAN is a prescription (处方) medicine to help people quit smoking. Studies have shown that more than one third of people quit smoking for at least one month while taking ZYBAN. For many patients, ZYBAN reduces withdrawal symptoms (脱瘾过程中产生的症状) and the strong wish to smoke.2 ZYBAN should be taken as directed by your doctor. The usual recommended dosing(剂量) is to take one 150-mg tablet in the morning for the first3 days. On the fourth day, begin taking one 150-mg tablet in the morning and one 150-mg tablet in the early evening. Doses should be taken at least 8 hours apart.3 For most patients, treatment will last 7 to 12 weeks. Because results vary, it may take longer for some people, Possibly up to 6 months depending on the individual. If you've been smoking for a long time, ZYBAN will help to reduce withdrawal symptoms. It's important to remain on ZYBAN for at least 7 to 12 weeks in order to quit for good. Your doctor should determine when to stop taking ZYBAN4 It takes about 1 week for ZYBAN to reach the right levels in your body to be effective So, to increase your chance of quitting as much as possible, you should not stop smoking until you have been taking ZYBAN for 1 week. You should set a date to stop smoking during the second week you're taking ZYBAN.5 The side effects (副作用) associated with ZYBAN are generally mild and often disappear after a few weeks. The most common side effects are dry mouth and difficulty in sleeping. If you have difficulty sleeping, avoid taking your medicine too close to bedtime。

2014年职称英语考试：卫生类概括大意常考文章3

2014年职称英语考试：卫生类概括大意常考文章（3）Facts about Stroke1 Every 45 seconds,someone in America has a stroke.Every 3.1 minutes,someone dies of one.Stroke killed an estimated 167,661 people in 2000 and is the nation's third leading cause of death,ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer.Stroke is a leading cause of serious,long-term disability in the United States.2 Stroke is a type of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease.It affects the arteries(动脉)leading to and within the brain.A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients(营养物)to the brain is either blocked by a clot(凝块)or bursts.When that happens,part of the brain cannot get the blood(and oxygen)it needs,so it starts to die.3 The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions.If a stroke occurs and blood flow can't reach the region that controls a particular body function,that part of the body won't work as it should.If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain,for instance,it's likely that some disability involving vision will result.The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction(阻塞)and the extent of brain tissue affected.4 The American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke.The more risk factors a person has,the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke.Some of these you can't control,such as increasing age,family health history,race,and prior stroke.But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk.Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be modified with a healthcare provider's help.Some of these include:high blood pressure,current smoking,heart disease,and high red blood cell count.5 A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment.In fact about 600,000 people have strokes every year.For many years,there was no hope for those suffering a stroke.However,recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments.For the treatments to work,the person must get toa hospital immediately.23.Paragraph 2__________.24.Paragraph 3__________.25.Paragraph 4__________.26.Paragraph 5__________.A Effects of a strokeB Annual cost of stroke in the USC Definition and description of a strokeD Breakthroughs in treatmentE Risk factors of strokeF Warning signs of a stroke27.When a stroke occurs,the arteries leading to and within the brain__________.28.A person's vision is likely to be affected if a stroke__________.29.Some people can reduce their risk of stroke if they__________.30.New treatments are now available to people who__________.A suffer from a strokeB will be affectedC change their lifestylesD will take placeE occurs at the back of his/her brainF controls various body functions答案: 23.C 24.A 25.E 26.D 27.B 28.E 29.C 30.A。

2014职称英语卫生类B级完型填空及译文

2014职称英语教材-卫生类B级5篇完形填空及参考译文（红色为书中选项答案）*6 Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV TreatmentBristol-Myers Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many HIV drugs into a single pill Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS,2 for example, are all treated with combinations of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be simpler if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day.Now, two companies say they have done that for people just starting treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have developed a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market.3 Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them under the name of Sustiva.4 Gilead combined the others, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four.Combining drugs involves more than technical issues. It also involves issues of competition if the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is the result of what is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of HIV In January the New England Journal of Medicine5published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its effectiveness to6that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir contains two drugs, AZT7 and 3TC.8 The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed HIV levels in more patients and with fewer side effects.9 Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, led the research. He is a paid adviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir, GlaxoSmithKline.Glaxo Smith Kline reacted to the findings by saying that a single study is of limited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each of more than fifty studies.The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced. But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost to developing countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United States Food and Drug Administration10 to approve the new pill.There are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example, pregnant women are told not to take Sustiva because of the risk of birth disorders.11 Experts say more than forty million people around the world are living with HIV*7 ExerciseWhether or not exercise adds to the length of life, it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exerise which involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension andmental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits careful consideration.The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with those _of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is of vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is question hard _to answer. Individual variability is too great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The sage limit for exercise depends on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will serve as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.What type of exercise one should choose _depens upon one’s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate in throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.*8 Old And ActiveIt is well—known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A recent report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world．A healthy long life is the result of improvement in social environment.Scientists are trying to work out exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be learnt from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we make any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret ingredient in the Japanese diet that is particularly beneficial to the human body?Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate．Although longer life should be celebrated, it is actually considered a social problem．The number of older people had doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs．The country could soon be facing an economic problem, if there are so many oldpeople to be looked after and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them．Raising the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a sense of responsibility and mission in life. It’s important that the elderly play active roles in the society and live in harmony with all generations.*9 The Case of Disappesr Fingerprinttics(新增)One usefui anti-cancer durg can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that Give people their distinctive fingerprints.Losing them could become troublesome.A case released online in a letter by Annals of Oncology indicates how big a problem of losing fingerprints is.Eng-Huat Tan,a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year old man who has used capecitabine’ to treat his nasophaeyngeal cancer.After three yeas on the drug,the patient decided to visit U.S.relatives last Decmber. But he was stopped by U.S.customs officials for4 hours after entering the country when those officials coulden’t get fingerprints from the man. There were no distinctive swirly marks appearing from his index finger.U.S. customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years,Tan says.Their index fingers are printed and screened against digital files of the fingerprints of bad guys—terrorists and potential criminals that our federal guardians have been tasked with keeping out of the country, Unfortunately, for the Singaporean traveler,one potential side effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads,Hence ,no fingerprints.“It is uncertain when fingerprint loss will begin to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine,”Tan points out. So he cautions any physicians who prescribe the durg to provide their patients with a doctor`s note pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear.Eventually,the Singaoute traveler made it into the United States I guess the name on his passport didn`t taise any res flags. But he`s also now got the explanatory doctory dostor`s note—and won`t leaue home without it.By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration,which approved use of the drug 11 years ago, should consider updating its list of side effects associated with this medicine, The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting, stomach pain and some other side effects, But no where does it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints.*10 Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment, including humiliation by senior doctors, being threatened, or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.The findings come from analysis of the responses to a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1, 733 second-year residents. The survey and analysis appear in the April 15th issue of theJournal of the American Medical Association.Overall, out of the 1,277 residents who completed surveys, 1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year. In addition to reporting incidents where they were abused, more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons had made false medical records. Moreover, nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians, or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent event.More than 10% of the residents said they were not allowed to have enough sleep, and the average number of hours without _ sleep was 37.6. The average on-call hours during a _ typical week was 56.9 hours, but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks. Although30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination, verbal abuse was the most common probleing Fingerprintsm cited. When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times, 53% of the respondents reported that they were belittled or humiliated by more senior residents, while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work. Being “given tasks for punishment,”“being pushed, kicked or hit,” and having someone “threatening your reputation or career,” were reported as a more frequent occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.6.一天服用一次的药丸可以简化HIV病毒治疗Bristol—Myers Squibb公司和Gilead Sciences公司已经把多种治疗艾滋病病毒的药品合成为一种药丸。

2014全国职称英语等级考试卫生类完形填空译文

第六部分完形填空第一篇第一篇找到速效治疗可以更好控制结核病世界卫生组织估计全球大约三分之一的人感染类导致结核病的病菌。

大多数时候，这种感染是不活跃的。

但是每年大约有800万结核病病例，通常是在肺部。

200万人因此丧命。

结核病发病率由于艾滋病的传播和抗药型结核病的出现而增加。

目前的治疗至少需要6个月。

患病者不得不每日服用多种抗生素药品。

许多人在稍感舒适后就停止使用药品，这么做可能导致抗药性感染。

公共卫生专家一致认为针对结核病的速效治疗剂将会更加有效果。

现在有一项研究评估这种速效治疗剂究竟效力有多大。

这项研究由美国哈佛大学国际卫生方面的教授率领。

Joshua Salomon说，疗程较短的治疗计划可能不仅仅意味着更多病人被治好，也意味着将感染传给别人的病人会更少。

研究者们设计类一个数学模型来检测两个月治疗计划的效果。

他们以东南亚目前的结核病情况来检验这个模型。

科学家们发现两个月的治疗可以防止大约20%的新病例，也可能防止大约25%因结核病引起的死亡。

这个模型表明，如果速效治疗可以在2012年前研发出来并大规模使用的话，减少结核病例在2012年到2030年间就可以实现。

世界卫生组织在1990年制订类DOTS计划，DOTS意指短期直接观察治疗。

卫生工作者监督结核病人每天服药，以确信他们继续治疗。

今年年初，一个国际组织同盟宣布类一项扩大DOTS的计划。

这个十年计划也旨在自助新结核药品的研究。

现在四种最常用的药品也有四十多年的历史类。

全球结核病药物开发联盟宣称它的长期目标是找到一种治疗方法，可以通过十次剂量就有效果第二篇生物钟每一种生物都有控制它们行为的时钟，科学家们称之为生物钟。

生物钟告诉植物的花朵何时生长，何时开放；生物钟告诉昆虫何时离开防护卵袋，远远飞去；生物钟还告诉动物和人类何时进食、睡眠，何时苏醒。

外界的变化会影响某些动植物的生物钟。

例如，科学家最近发现，有一种很小的动物，会随着白天日照时间的长短改变其毛发的颜色。

2014年职称英语卫生类概括大意习题汇总

2014年职称英语卫生类概括大意习题汇总Even Intelligent People Can Fail1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cell-phone （手机）. The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze （错综复杂）of wrong turns.2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison's success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight （点亮着的）in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on September 4, 1882.3 "Many of life's failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work.4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: "You only fail when you quit."5 Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.6 Failure is harder to bear in today's open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records （Geffen's company）and the Titanic （the ship that went down）was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn't. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits（成功的作品）he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.1 Paragraph 2__________.2 Paragraph 3__________.3 Paragraph 4__________.4 Paragraph 5__________.A Importance of learning from failureB Quality shared by most innovatorsC Edison's innovationD Edison's comment on failureE Contributions made by innovatorsF Miseries endured by innovators5 People often didn't realize how close they were to success when__________.6 Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model T car,__________.7 Walt Disney was once so poor that__________.8 The media demand that__________.A he developed 3,000 theoriesB he couldn't afford to buy a pair of shoesC he found himself an unsuccessful manD they quittedE an innovation should work immediatelyF failure is the mother of success【参考答案】 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B5. D 6. C 7. B 8. E【答案解析】1 C 本文的标题是：即使是聪明人也会失败。

2014年职称英语卫生类B级答案版概括大意

概括大意gnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor1. Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors. Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years. A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.2. Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a New study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders2. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems.3 These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.3. The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine4 published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine percent, had major disorders.4. ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects. So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic5. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.5. New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration6 helped pay for the study. The F. D. A. says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.1.Paragraph 2 _ Damage to Pregnant Women’s Future Babie s2.Paragraph 3 F. Relative Safe for Women During the First Three Months of Pregnancies3.Paragraph 4 Effects of ACE and ACE Inhibitors4.Paragraph 5 How to Deal with High Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women5.FDA. suggests that pregnant women with high blood pressure should consult _ with their doctors about how to treat their problems6.ACE inhibitors are not recommended _ for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnancies7.Evidence showed only a small percentage of babies suffered major disorders _ though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies8.ACE is a risk factor to our body ___ t hat may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrow _Screen Test1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a, survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160, 000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used twomodels to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4. The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant”compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique” for breast cancer screening.7. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,”admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That’s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.”1.Paragraph 2 Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman _2.Paragraph 3 Investigating the Effect of Screening __3.Paragraph 4 __ Effects Predicted by Two Different Models4.Paragraph 5 _ Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation5.Early discovery of breast cancer may_ save a life6.Advantages of screening women under 50 are_ still open to debate7.Delaying the age at which screening starts may___ reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer8.Radiation exposure should be __ reduced to the minimum。

2014卫生A 部分文章段落大意整理

卫生39+第三十九篇Sauna段落大意：一段：Sauna is one of ceremonial bathing. People in many countries use it. There are dry bath andsteam bath. 桑拿是一种仪式性的沐浴，很多国家的人们都使用它，它分为干浴和蒸汽浴。

二段：The earliest saunas were underground caves heated by fire, with much smoke because of no chimneyat that time. A few people today say that the smokesauna is the only true sauna experience for mostsaunas today use electricity stove.最早的桑拿是在被火烧热地下洞穴，有很多烟因为当时没有烟囱。

因此一些人认为烟熏桑拿才是真正的桑拿体验，因为现在大多数都是用电炉。

三段：Saunas are relaxing, stress relieving, relieving the pain and inflammation of arthritis. Saunas do notcure diseases, but can smooth congestion andspeed recovery.桑拿是令人放松，减压，减轻关节炎的疼和炎症。

桑拿不能治愈疾病，但能疏通堵塞，加速康复。

四段：Sauna is good for your skin, because sweat removes dirt and grime from pores. Andcardiovascular system gets a work out duringsauna.桑拿对你的皮肤有好处，因为汗水把灰尘和污垢从毛孔中带走。

卫生类A级职称英语概括大意与完成句子

卫生类A级职称英语概括大意与完成句子第十一篇：Surgery Involving the Heart1. The heart-lung machine (pump-oxygenator1) is a valuable addition to the modern operating room. This machine has made it possible to perform many operations on the heart and other thoracic organs which could not otherwise be done. There are several types of machines in use, all of which serve as2 a temporary substitute for3the patient’s heart and lungs.2. The machine siphons off4 the blood from the large vessels entering the heart on the right side so that no blood passes through the heart and lungs. The blood is returned to the general circulation for body distribution through one of the large arteries. While passing through the machine, the blood is oxygenated by means of5 an oxygen inlet, and carbon dioxide6 is removed by various chemical means. These are the processes that normally take place between the blood and the air in the lung tissue. While in the machine, the blood is also “defoamed” to be sure that all air bubbles are removed, since such bubbles could be fatal to the patient by obstructing blood vessels. An electric motor in the machine serves as a pump during the surgical procedure to distribute the processed blood throughout the body by means of the artery mentioned above.3. Diseased valves may become deformed and scarred from endocarditis so that they are ineffective and often obstructive. In some cases a special small knife can be inserted into the heart chamber and the valve can be cut so that it no longer obstructs the blood flow. The valve may even become partially functional. In other cases there may be so much damage that replacement is the only resort. Substitutevalves made of7 plastic materials have proved to be a lifesaving measure for many patients. Very thin butterfly valves made of dacron or other synthetic material have also been successfully used.4. Artificial hearts or parts of hearts designed to assist the ventricles in their pumping function have not proved as successful as the artificial valves. However, research continues and it is quite possible that an effective device may soon be ready for use. More spectacular is the transplantation of a human heart from the body of a person who has recently died. Tissues of the donor and the recipient should be as closely matched as possible to avoid rejection by the recipient’s antibody mechanism. This rejection syndrome is the most serious problem related to heart transplants.词汇：thoracic/θɔ(:)ˈræsik/ adj.胸的，胸廓的endocarditis/ˌendəukɑ:ˈdaitis/ n.心内膜炎artery/ˈɑ:təri/ n.动脉valve/vælv/ n.瓣，瓣膜oxygenate/ˈɔksidʒineit/ n.氧合，充氧dacron/ˈdeɪˌkrɔn, ˈdækˌrɔn/ n.漆纶inlet/ˈinlet/ n.进入，入口；插入物synthetic/sinˈθetik/ adj.合成的defoam /di:'fəʊm/ vt.去除……的泡沫ventricle/ˈventrɪkl/ n.室，心室bubble/'bʌb(ə)l/ n.水泡，气泡recipient/rɪ'sɪpɪənt/ n.接受者obstruct /əb'strʌkt/ vt.阻塞，堵塞antibody/'æntɪbɒdɪ/ n.抗体注释：1. pump-oxygenator：氧合气泵2. serve as：充当，作为3. substitute for：代替，替换4. siphon off：吮吸出5. by means of：用，依靠6. carbon dioxide：二氧化碳7. made of：由……制成的请注意下面两个词组的区别：be made of：由……材料制成（只是经过物理变化）be made from：由……原料制成（需要经过化学变化）例如：The bridge is made of steel.这座桥是用钢材造的。

职称英语《卫生类》概括大意专项练习的总结

职称英语《卫生类》概括大意专项练习的总结rge panies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large.The same problem on a smaller scale，faces practically every pany to develop new products and create new jobs.2.There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know，and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance，they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects.So panies turn to the public，inviting people to lend them money，or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits.This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange.By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions，both at home and overseas.3.When the saver needs his money back，he does not have to go to the pany with whom he originally placedit.Instead，he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.4.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities.Without hospitals，roads，electricity，telephones，railways，this country could not function.All these require continuous spending on new equipment and newdevelopment if they are to serve us properly，requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone.The Government，local authorities，andnationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending，and they，too，e to The Stock Exchange.5.There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his/her employers to raise money to finance new development.In one way or another，this new money must e from the savings of the country.The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.1.Paragraph2.2.Paragraph3.3.Paragraph4.4.Paragraph5.A.The way panies reaching the savingsB.Why stock exchange es into beingC.The function of stock exchangeD.How the savers take their money backE.Another factor which affects stock exchangeF.How to use stock5.Almost all panies involved in new production and development must depend on.6.The money which enables these panies to go ahead with their projects is raised.7.All the essential services on which we depend are.8.The stock exchange makes it possible for the Government，local authorities and nationalized industries to raise.A.a more suessful panyB.in constant need of financial supportC.as much money as they wishD.the population as a whole for financeE.by the selling of shares in the paniesF.to finance new development1.B2.D3.E4.C5.B6.E7.B8.F。

概括大意卫生类职称英语考试.doc

概括大意卫生类职称英语考试1 Hospitals are places where sick and hurt people are given special care.People who have been in bad aidents are taken there.People who need special doctors or certain machines to make them better go to hospitals.Any person who cannot get better at home may be tested and treatedthere.There is only room for the sickest people.2 There are many kinds of hospitals.Those that take care of all sick or hurt people are called general hospitals.Special hospitals care for people with certain problems.For example，some hospitals take onlychildren.Others treat only people with hearttrouble.Teaching hospitals have people in training who work there.They are learning.They want to be doctors or nurses and help the patients.Research hospitals just study andtest ways to help the sick get well.3 Hospitals are the ideal places for the sick ones to turn to or stay at, but who owns hospitals? Most are owned by their towns or cities.A country or state may also own hospitals.Private hospitals may be owned by special groups or panies.4 People who work in a hospital do many things.Some work in the emergency room, where they can deal with some urgent cases. Some work in the X-ray room，where they take pictures of parts of the body.Some work in the surgery roomwhere they can perform operations on the patients. Others work in the kitchen.They prepare all different kinds of meals.People with special training give blood tests.Doctors and nurses form the largest group of hospital workers.5 Many people are given the special care in hospitals that they cannot get at home.This care can help hurt or sick people bee better.1 Paragraph 12 Paragraph 23 Paragraph 34 Paragraph 4A.Division of jobs in hospitalsB. Function of hospitalsC. Function of special hospitalsD. Classification of hospitalsE. Ownership of hospitalsF. Achievements of hospitals答案:BDEA5 Hospitals provide rooms for6 General hospitals take care of7 Research hospitals are established to explore8 The staffs in the X-ray room are in charge ofA.the most serious casesB. all sick or injured patientsC. taking pictures for different parts of human bodiesD. performing modern operationsE. more private and munity hospitals to treat people betterF. the ways to help people recover from illness答案:ABFC。

卫生类A级职称英语概括大意与完成句子

卫生类A级职称英语概括大意与完成句子第十一篇：Surgery Involving the Heart1. The heart-lung machine (pump-oxygenator1) is a valuable addition to the modern operating room. This machine has made it possible to perform many operations on the heart and other thoracic organs which could not otherwise be done. There are several types of machines in use, all of which serve as2 a temporary substitute for3the patient’s heart and lungs.2. The machine siphons off4 the blood from the large vessels entering the heart on the right side so that no blood passes through the heart and lungs. The blood is returned to the general circulation for body distribution through one of the large arteries. While passing through the machine, the blood is oxygenated by means of5 an oxygen inlet, and carbon dioxide6 is removed by various chemical means. These are the processes that normally take place between the blood and the air in the lung tissue. While in the machine, the blood is also “defoamed” to be sure that all air bubbles are removed, since such bubbles could be fatal to the patient by obstructing blood vessels. An electric motor in the machine serves as a pump during the surgical procedure to distribute the processed blood throughout the body by means of the artery mentioned above.3. Diseased valves may become deformed and scarred from endocarditis so that they are ineffective and often obstructive. In some cases a special small knife can be inserted into the heart chamber and the valve can be cut so that it no longer obstructs the blood flow. The valve may even become partially functional. In other cases there may be so much damage that replacement is the only resort. Substitute valves made of7 plastic materials have proved to be a lifesaving measure for many patients. Very thin butterfly valves made of dacron or other synthetic material have also been successfully used.4. Artificial hearts or parts of hearts designed to assist the ventricles in their pumping function have not proved as successful as the artificial valves. However, research continues and it is quite possible that an effective device may soon be ready for use. More spectacular is the transplantation of a human heart from the body of a person who has recently died. Tissues of the donor and the recipient should be as closely matched as possible to avoid rejection by the recipient’s antibody mechanism. This rejection syndrome is the most serious problem related to heart transplants.词汇：thoracic/θɔ(:)ˈræsik/ adj.胸的，胸廓的endocarditis/ˌendəukɑ:ˈdaitis/ n.心内膜炎artery/ˈɑ:təri/ n.动脉valve/vælv/ n.瓣，瓣膜oxygenate/ˈɔksidʒineit/ n.氧合，充氧dacron/ˈdeɪˌkrɔn, ˈdækˌrɔn/ n.漆纶inlet/ˈinlet/ n.进入，入口；插入物synthetic/sinˈθetik/ adj.合成的defoam /di:'fəʊm/ vt.去除……的泡沫ventricle/ˈventrɪkl/ n.室，心室bubble/'bʌb(ə)l/ n.水泡，气泡recipient/rɪ'sɪpɪənt/ n.接受者obstruct /əb'strʌkt/ vt.阻塞，堵塞antibody/'æntɪbɒdɪ/ n.抗体注释：1. pump-oxygenator：氧合气泵2. serve as：充当，作为3. substitute for：代替，替换4. siphon off：吮吸出5. by means of：用，依靠6. carbon dioxide：二氧化碳7. made of：由……制成的请注意下面两个词组的区别：be made of：由……材料制成（只是经过物理变化）be made from：由……原料制成（需要经过化学变化）例如：The bridge is made of steel.这座桥是用钢材造的。

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