杜威十进制图书分类法 Dewey Decimal Classification System Library Detectives

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杜威十进分类法讲解

对杜威十进分类法的研究
• 对DDC的研究一直是中国分类法研究工作中的一项重要内容,国内
出版的分类学专著大多有专门篇幅介绍DDC,DDC第二十版已被译成中文,此外还发表了大量有关论文。总体说来,对DDC的研究主要有综合评介、动态报道、比较研究、技术分析等几种方式,其中尤以前两种情况居多。
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在我查阅的有关DDC的论著中,对DDC的综合评介和动态报道居多,
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• 当前，互联网在全球迅猛发展，文献信息处理网络化、全球化已成为潮流，为文献资源的共享创造了条件。资源共享，是图书馆界的共识。科学无国界在很大程度上取决于作为科学载体的图书无国界。图书的全球流通迫切要求图书的分类在国际间大体统一。因此，非常有必要采用一种国际通用分类检索语言，而《杜威分类法》以体系严谨、结构完整、技术先进、类目详细、使用广泛、影响深远的特点，发展为一部国际通用的图书分类法。更以它的电子版、网站的推出并不断更新而有可能成为国际通用分类语言的趋势和网络资源组织的发展方向。
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对杜威十进分类法的仿照和改造
• “五四”前后,DDC在中国得到进一步推广使用,并被作了适应中国图书和图书馆的改造,使DDC在中国的应用进入了一个新阶段。继1918年沈祖荣与胡庆生合编的《仿杜威书目十类法》后,当时共编制了二十余部“仿杜”、“改杜”、 “补杜”十进分类法,比较著名的有杜定友的《世界图书分类法》(1922)、刘国均的《中国图书分类法》(1929)等,这些分类法都没有突破DDC的十大部类体系和小数层累制,在许多方面是照搬DDC,创新不多,但为了适应中国图书分类的需要作了一些改造,主要体现在下列方面：
如皮高品的“杜威十进分类法评介”(1983)、戴维民的“杜威十进分
类法最近动态”(1986)和“杜威十进分类法二十版评介”(1990)、陈

杜威十进图书分类法(Dewey

杜威十进图书分类法(Dewey Decimal Classification)是由美国图书馆专家麦尔威·杜威发明的,对世界图书馆分类学有相当大的影响,已翻译成西班牙文、中文、法文、挪威文、土耳其文、日文、增伽罗文、葡萄牙文、泰文等出版,并被上述国家的一些图书馆和英语国家的大部分图书馆采用,美国几乎所有公共图书馆和学校图书馆都采用这种分类法.杜威十进分类法(Dewey Decimal Classification,DDC)是广为全球各地图书馆使用的分类法.这个分类系统最早在1873年时Melvil Dewey有此分类构想,而于1876年正式出版.目前,负责DDC出版的是Forest Press,而它于1988年成为OCLC下的一个部门.DDC已被全球超过135个国家的图书馆使用,并且被翻译逾30种语言,包括阿拉伯文、中文、法文、希腊文、希伯来文、意大利文、波斯文、俄文、西班牙文及土耳其文等.在美国,有95%的公共图书馆及学校图书馆、25%的学院及大学图书馆及20%的专门图书馆使用DDC.此外,DDC 更能用来组织网际网络上的各种资源.DDC共出版两种版本形式:完整版及节缩版,其中节缩版主要是提供馆藏量低于20,000册的图书馆使用.完整版在1996年出版的第21版,共计四大册,内容分为九大部分:第一册中主要是描述21版新增特色、杜威十进分类法简介及使用方法、名词解释及索引、复分表及20版与21版之间之异同比较;第二册及第三册则是分类法的全文;第四册则是提供相关索引(Relative Index)及实际进行分类时之指引.2003年9月OCLC正式出版了DDC第22版的印刷版,即DDC22,其电子版已于2003年6月推出. DDC22对DDC21进行了全面的常规修订,即对类目进行了增、删、改,主要包括:(1)修订复分表:取消附表7(人员复分表),将附表5的名称由"人种、种族和民族表"改为"种族和民族表",并对其中有关种族发展的类目进行了适当的修改和删减;对附表2、附表3、附表6页进行了一些必要的修改.(2)修改类名:主要是为了适应科学技术的发展和科学术语的变化.(3)插入新主题:主要是增加了许多新类号和新词.(4)调整类目位置.DDC22根据社会和科学技术的发展,对一些明显不合逻辑或者不合时宜的类目进行了删改和调整.另外的一个重大修订是对DDC手册进行了大幅度的删节,即把手册中一些容易在分类表中表达的信息转移出去,并删除手册与分类表重复的冗余信息.DDC22下载地址:Download the DDC 22 Summaries (PDF format; 20 pages)/dewey/resources/summaries/deweysummaries.pdfDDC的长处之一在于它能不断的维护发展.目前,它的维护是由美国国会图书馆所负责,有专门的部门负责反应新文献成长的趋势与使用者的需求.DDC是用传统的学科来分类,总共以10个主要的学科(main classes)来涵括所有的知识体系,每个大类下细分10类(divisions),接着又再分成10小类(sections).DDC中每个学科都会给予特定范围的数字来表示,它的十个大类(main classes)分别是:000 Generalities 总类100 Philosophy 哲学类200 Religion 宗教类300 Social sciences 社会科学类400 Language 语文类500 Pure sciences 自然科学类600 Technology 应用科学类700 The arts 艺术类800 Literature 文学类900 General geography & history 史地类000通用一般010 目录学020图书馆和信息科学030普通百科全书040语言050一般连续出版物060一般组织和博物馆学070期刊、出版、报纸080一般收藏090手稿和珍本书100哲学和相关科学110形而上学120认识论,因果论、人类130超自然的现象和行为140特殊哲学观点150心理学160逻辑学170伦理学(道德哲学)180古代的、中世纪的、东方的190现代的、西方的哲学200宗教210自然宗教220圣经230基督教理论240基督教信念和祈祷250地方教会和宗教职务260俗世和教会的神学270教会的历史和地理280基督教教派和宗派290其他的和类似的宗教300社会科学310统计学312数学320政治科学330经济学340法律350公共行政360社会问题和服务370教育380商业(贸易)390风俗、礼仪、民俗400语言410语言学420英语和昂格罗-撒克逊语言430日耳曼语言德语440罗曼语言法语450意大利语、罗马尼亚语、里托-罗曼语460西班牙和葡萄牙的诸语言470意大利的诸语言拉丁语480希腊语系古典希腊语490其他语言500纯科学510数学520天文学及其相关学科530物理学540化学及其相关学科550地球科学及其他星球科学560古生物学570生命科学各学科580植物科学各学科590动物科学各学科600技术(应用科学)610医学620工程及相关操作630农业及相关技术640家庭经济学及日用技术650管理及附属服务660化学品及相关技术670制造业680特殊用途的制造690建筑700艺术710城市和景观艺术720建筑艺术730雕塑艺术740装饰艺术和小型艺术750美术760书法艺术、印刷770摄影艺术780音乐790娱乐和演出艺术800文学(纯文学)810美国英语文学820英国及昂格罗-撒克逊文学830日耳曼语言文学840罗曼语言文学850意大利语、罗马尼亚语、里托-罗曼语文学860西班牙和葡萄牙的诸语言文学870意大利的诸语言拉丁语文学880希腊语系希腊语文学890其他语言文学900普通地理和历史910普通地理旅行920普通传记和系谱学930古代历史940欧洲历史950亚洲历史960非洲历史970北美洲历史980南美洲历史990其他地区历史。

书分类与编目的方法与原则

书分类与编目的方法与原则在图书馆或书店中，大量的书籍需要进行分类和编目，以便读者能够迅速找到他们感兴趣的书籍。

书分类与编目的方法和原则对于图书馆学和信息学来说是非常重要的研究领域，今天我们将探讨一些常见的方法与原则。

一、十进制分类法（Dewey Decimal Classification）十进制分类法是目前全球应用最广泛的图书分类方法，它由美国图书馆学家梅尔维尔·路易斯·德威于1876年设计并出版。

此方法通过使用一系列的数字来表示不同的主题领域，使图书按照主题被分割成不同的类别。

例如，一本关于历史的书籍可能会被编为900，而一本有关科学的书籍可能会被编为500。

二、国家标准分类法除了十进制分类法之外，各个国家还普遍采用自己的国家标准分类法。

例如，中国图书馆普遍采用《中国图书馆分类法》来分类和编目书籍。

这种方法根据中国文化和文献情况进行精细分类，更适合中国读者的需求。

三、主题词法主题词法是一种根据书籍的内容特点来进行分类和编目的方法。

它主要是通过选取一组能够准确描述书籍主题的词语，将书籍分为不同的类别。

这种方法通常适用于特定领域的专业图书馆，例如医学图书馆可以采用专业医学术语进行主题分类和编目。

字母顺序法是一种按照书名中的字母顺序进行分类和编目的方法。

这种方法适用于书店等不需要过多主题分类的场合，可以让读者根据书名的字母顺序快速找到所需书籍。

五、数字顺序法数字顺序法类似于字母顺序法，但不是按照字母顺序，而是按照书籍的出版号、排序号等数字进行分类和编目。

这种方法通常在书店和小型图书馆中使用。

选取合适的分类和编目方法要根据具体情况来决定，需要考虑读者的需求、馆藏书籍的特点以及馆内工作的实际情况。

无论采用何种方法，编目时都需要遵循一些基本原则。

一、一书一目原则每本书籍应该由一个标准的分类号码和分类名称来表示，避免使用同一个分类号码和名称来表示不同的书籍。

二、一个主体一个分类号原则每个主体应该对应一个分类号码，避免出现一个主体分散在不同的分类号码下的情况。

杜威十进分类法

《杜威法》与中国
• • • • 1、《杜威法》在中国的历史 2、《杜威法》在中国的应用 3、对杜威十进分类法的研究 4、《杜威法》对中国的影响
《杜威法》引进
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中国支会图书馆印行的第四版目录即已采用DDC分类,但当时并未引起多少注意。就目前所见史料,在报刊上最早介绍DDC的是孙毓修,他于1910年在《教育杂志》上刊载的“图书馆”一文中首次介绍了DDC,其本意是希望借鉴DDC创立一个能类分新书的分类体系。辛亥革命后,采用DDC的图书馆逐渐增多,如上海圣约翰大学图书馆、长沙雅理大学图书馆、武昌文华大学公书林等,都用DDC类分图书。还有一些图书馆,则只有一部分图书(主要是西文书)依DDC分类,如江苏金陵大学图书馆、山东济南齐鲁大学图书馆、浙江公立图书馆等。 DDC的引进是有其历史背景的,自鸦片战争后,中国近代图书馆有了较大发展,有关西方科学文化的图书日益增多,当时的中国图书分类法面临两大问题:一是传统的经史子集四部分类体系容纳不了新书;二是中国历来不配号的分类法不能适应近代图书馆藏书排架,组织目录的需要。在这种情况下,当时已十分流行的DDC被介绍到中国,并很快成为当时编制新型分类法的直接依据。
理论基础
• 杜威的十进分类法是依据哈利(W.T.Harris) 的分类体系发展起来的，哈利斯的体系是培根(FrancisBacon)的体系的倒转，培根是以心理过程上的记忆.力、想象力、理解力为基础，将知识分为历史、诗文、哲学三大类。
培根原来历史倒置哲学
哈利斯科学哲学宗教社会科学、政治学自然科学、应用科学美术诗小说、其它文学著作历史地理与游记传记附录杂录
• 当前，互联网在全球迅猛发展，文献信息处理网络化、全球化已成为潮流，为文献资源的共享创造了条件。资源共享，是图书馆界的共识。科学无国界在很大程度上取决于ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ作为科学载体的图书无国界。图书的全球流通迫切要求图书的分类在国际间大体统一。因此，非常有必要采用一种国际通用分类检索语言，而《杜威分类法》以体系严谨、结构完整、技术先进、类目详细、使用广泛、影响深远的特点，发展为一部国际通用的图书分类法。更以它的电子版、网站的推出并不断更新而有可能成为国际通用分类语言的趋势和网络资源组织的发展方向。

杜威十进位分类法

80外部机构调查资料类
企业外部各界所发布的调查资料均属此类。如政府机构的统计调查资料，金融机构的金融经济资料，大学、研究机构或民间机构等发布的关于市场或行为方面的资料等。可细分为：81调查专案机构、82公会、83政府机构、84学术机构、85民间专业机构、86金融机构。
90演讲类
关于演讲会、讲习会或研讨会的资料，均可归入此类。在二手资料中，演讲类资料为最原始的第一手资料，听讲人员应于事后将听讲内容记载于规定格式的报表上。
60企业内外之视听觉类
该类资料包括：61照片、62地图、63缩影影片、64幻灯片、65标本模型、66录音带、67影片、68录影带、69其他。
70刊物索引类
各种关于期刊或杂志的发行索引均属此类。如美国国际开发处（AID）所出版的Abstract Index，该索引刊物收录了100多个国家的“海外投资环境调查资料”，这些资料可供国际性投资所用。
杜威十进位分类法
（DeweyDecimal C目
10账册类
企业内部财务报表、专案计划、年度预算均归属于账册类，尤其是对经营指标、销售统计月报、费用明细表、库存明细表、营业报告、产品计划表、人员分配销售计划表、市场计划书等企业内部之行销财务性资料的分析与运用，有助于行销问题的评估与衡量。
40专刊类
凡国内外之专利资料、发明资料、开发资料或开发构想资料皆属此类。此类资料对于产品开发及销售具有很大的利用价值，尤其是专利资料的分析，其结果往往是新产品研发构想的主要来源。专利资料大多由政府机构定期公布。该类可细分为：41专利资料、42－49发明及产品开发资料。
50目录类
产品目录、产品说明书等资料属于此类。这些资料除了作为了解竞争对手的动向外，更是研究开发新产品所不可或缺的构想来源。该类可细分为：51产品目录、52产品说明书、53技术说明书、54营业说明书、55企业说明书、56PR促进表。

杜威十进制图书分类法

杜威十进制图书分类法
杜威十进制图书分类法（Dewey Decimal Classification）是由美国图书馆学家马克斯·西厄（Melvil Dewey）创建的图书分类法，该分类法为各类书籍设定了带有一位或三位数字的分类号。

这种分类法将书籍分为十大类，每个大类又分为更小的子类，最小的分类号有三位数字。

杜威十进制图书分类法包括十大类：000 综合、100 理论和实践，200 宗教和科学、300 社会科学、400 语言、500 文学、600 技术、700 艺术、800 文学作品、900 地理和历史。

例如，书籍《中国古代史》属于历史方面，其分类号为900.1 。

900是代表通常历史，.1代表古代历史， .1后的号码是不同的古代历史的特定主题的子类。

杜威十进制图书分类法可以大大简化图书管理工作，使读者更方便地找到与所需信息有关的书籍，并为图书馆的管理提供了一种有用的基准。

这种分类法也是由许多国家、地区及机构采用的，如加拿大、澳大利亚、爱尔兰、新西兰、印度、斐济等，已成为国际上普遍使用的图书分类法。

总之，杜威十进制图书分类法是一种重要的图书分类法，它有利于改进图书管理工作，也是成千上万西方图书馆使用的图书分类法。

杜威十进制图书分类法 Dewey Decimal System of Classification

Dewey Decimal System of ClassificationIn 1876 Melvil Dewey devised a numbering system using numbers 000-999 for ten broad subject classes of nonfiction books. Each subject class (ex.: 500 for science) was divided into ten divisions, and each divisionwas then subdivided into related topics. This arrangement allows forevery known subject, as well as new subjects, to be classified. Robots, space travel and television are examples of recent topics not known to Mr. Dewey in 1876. Yet his numbering plan expands to accommodate their inclusion in the technology class and will continue to include newly invented topics in their subject classes. The Dewey Decimal Classification outline on p. 3 shows examples of main classes, divisions and subdivisions.It would be useful to you as a media assistant to learn the ten main Dewey classes and try to remember some topics included in each class. For example, the 600’s Technology, include inventions and “man-made” science topics, and the 500’s Pure Science, include nature, the universe, and mathematics. Library users will frequently ask questions of you concerning the location of such general topics. As you work in the media collection, observe the grouping of similar subjects and their Dewey numbers.When a nonfiction book or item of media arrives in the library, it must be assigned a classification number and be processed before being placedon the shelf for circulation. The librarians selects the Dewey classification number which identifies the subject or topics in the book, if the publisher has not assigned the classification number at publication. From the assigned classification number and the first three letters of the author’s last name, a call number is derived to give the book or item a shelf location in the media collection. For example, Sports and Games, by the author Harold Keith, would be assigned the Dewey classification number 796, and the letters Kei would be placed under the number to derive the call number or shelf location 796 Kei. One step in processing a new book is attaching the spine label on the lower portion of the spine of the book before it is placed in numberical order with other items in the 796 subdivision. Suppose the 790 location in the 700’s section had the following call numbers already in place:790 790.1 793 794.5 794.8 796.35Ber Tho Ada Byr Hol AlbYou would place 796 before 796.35 because 796 is less than 796.35 Kei AlbIn your math class the number 796.35 would be explained: seven hundred ninety-six and thirty-five hundredths.In the library we would say: seven hundred ninety six point thirty five.Decimals are used in subdivision numbers to give similar subjects their own specific numbers. For example:796.3Ball games796.31Ball thrown or hit by hand (bowling, handball)796.32Inflated ball thrown or hit by hand (basketball)796.33Inflated ball drive by foot (football)796.34Ball drive by club or mallet (polo, croquet)796.352 Golf796.357 BaseballIt is important to understand the place value of each digit in a decimal number. A number with several digits may have a smaller value than a number with fewer digits. Materials are always arranged in order by numberical value, regardless of the number of digits. Remember, 0 has no numerical value but it does have place value. For example, the following call numbers are in the correct order:796.001 796.01 796.389 796.4 796.536 796.8 Dar All Bla Gra Fre WilI*f decimal numbers with several digits are confusing to you, one way to clarify their value is to mentally add 0’s to hold place value to the right of the decimal point. So that you can compare the numbers by tenths, thousandths, etc. For example, think of 796.4 as 796.400 and you can see that it is larger than 796.385 but smaller than 796.536.*Walk around the media center and label each of these areas on the blank map:Book Return Atlas StandNC North Carolina Paperback RacksRef Reference SC Short Story collection Copier MagazinesPencil Sharpener Graphic novels000 Generalities 100 Philosophy & Psychology 200 Religion 300 Social Sciences400 Language 500 Natural Sciences & Math 600 Technology & Applied Sciences700 Arts, Sports, Recreation 800 Literature & Rhetoric900 Geography, History, BiographyFiction by Genre Circulation DeskAdventureRomance Color and B&W PrinterSci FicFantasy Dictionary StandMulticulturalSports New BooksContemporary RealismHistorical Fiction OPAC (Card Catalog Computers) ThrillerMysteryShelving MaterialsThe media collection of any school library is made up of print and nonprint media classified and arranged in sections which include:Fiction (made up or imaginary stories)∙The symbol Fic is placed over the first three letters of the author’s last name to provide a call number and shelf location.Ex: Little Women by Louisa Alcott, would have the call number FAlc∙Fiction books are shelved in alphabetical order by the author s’ last names. Two or more books by the same author would beshelved alphabetically by titles. Ex: Little Men by Louisa Alcott,would be shelved before Little Women.∙Books written by two authors with the same last name would be alphabetized by their first names. Ex: Books by C. Paul Jacksonwould be shelved before books by Jesse Jackson.Use the examples below to practice putting these rules to use. Arrange the call numbers in correct shelf order:F F F F F F F F F FRea Law Row Hay Blu Bro Alc Whi Lon Kip_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____F F F F F F F F F FSyc Sim See Sug Suc Sic Syk Ruc Shu Rab_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____F F F F F F F F F FSki Roo Sab Sub Sit Res Ade Ned Pef Ack_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Short Story Collection (several imaginary stories bound in one volume written by one or more authors). These are located at the end of the fiction section in our library.∙The symbol SC with the first three letters of the author, editor or compiler’s last name underneath is used to make the call number.∙Ex: Just So Stories by Rudyard Kipling, would have the callKip∙Just like fiction books, short story collections are shelved in alphabetical order by the authors’, editors’ or compiler’s last name.Two or more books by the same author would be shelvedalphabetically by titles. Ex: Fantastic Creatures by Issac Asimov,would be shelved before Fifty Short Science Fiction Tales.∙Books by two authors with the same last name would be alphabetized by their first names. Ex: Books by C. Paul Jacksonwould be shelved before books by Jesse Jackson.Nonfiction (Factual information)∙Dewey Decimal Classification numbers identify the subject class and hav e the first three letters of the author’s last nameunderneath to make the call number.Ex: Whales by Beryl Evans, would have the call number 599Eva∙Nonfiction is shelved in numerical order, beginning with the lowest number on the left and increasing as you move to the right.∙When two or more Dewey Decimal numbers are identical, books are shelved in alphabetical order by the author’s last names.Ex: 595.7 595.7Ber Bro(Berk) (Brooks)∙When two or more call numbers (Dewey Decimal Numbers and author letters) are identical, check the authors’ last names.Authors with different last names are shelved in alphabetical order by last names.Ex: 595.7 595.7Bro Bro(Brooks) (Brown)∙Authors with the same last names are shelved in alphabetical order by last names.Ex: 595.7 595.7Bro Bro(Charles Brown) (Phyllis Brown)∙As in fiction, books with identical call numbers by the same author are alphabetized by title.Ex: 595.7 595.7Bro Bro(Butterflies by Phyllis Brown) (Insect Pests by Phyllis Brown)Use the examples below to practice putting these rules to use. Arrange the call numbers in correct shelf order. Write out the entire call number: 759.06 741.092 741.1 745.5 745.92 750.01 Com Jac Pic Lec Cic Kek_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ 257.14 257.11 257.05 257.132 257.011 257Sec Ruk Les Bec Pot Kis_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____500 501 500.9 507.2 507.21 510Ben Ada Bro Sel Day Ton_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____331.8 331.09 332 331 345.09 345.1Mat Gre Arl Mol Bal Sto_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____551.29 551 551.4 551.07 555.07 551.01Mil Hen You Ada Sto Fow_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____629 629.4 629.133 629 629.03 629.41 Abe Lin Bat Mas Gre Smi_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Special collections of nonfiction - Biography∙Biography (true story of a person’s life)The call number 921 is used with the name of the person the book is written about.Ex: Life of John F. Kennedy has the call number 921Ken (Kennedy)∙The Biography section is arranged alphabetically by the name of the person the book is about (the biographee).Ex: 921 921 921 921Joh Ken Kin Lee(Johnson) (Kennedy) (King) (Lee)∙When several authors have written books about the same person, check the title page for the author’s name and arrange all booksabout one person in order by the author’s name.Ex: Books about Abraham Lincoln are shelved:921The Living Lincoln by Paul AngleLin921Abraham Lincoln’s World by Genevieve FosterLin921America’s Abraham Lincoln by May McNeerLin921Mr. Lincoln by James RandallLin921Abraham Lincoln by Carl SandburgLin∙An autobiography is the story of a person’s life written by h imself.It has the call number 921 and his name and is shelvedalphabetically with other biographies.Ex: 921 The Story of My Life by Helen KellerKel∙When two or more biography or autobiography call numbers are identical, the same rules apply as for nonfiction.Special collections of nonfiction – Collective Biography∙Collective biography (true stories of several people in one book by one or more authors)∙The number 920 is used with the first three letters of the author’s or editor’s last name.Ex: 920 920 920 920Ada For Jon Kin∙The books in the collective biography section are arranged alphabetically by the authors’ last names.∙When two or more collective biography call numbers are identical, the same rules apply as for nonfiction.Special collections of nonfiction – Reference∙Reference Collection (factual information shelved in a separate location; usually checked out for overnight use only)∙Ref is located above the Dewey Decimal Classification number and the first three letters of the au thor’s last name or main entry name.Ex: Trees by Herbert Zim has the call number Ref592Zim∙Reference material is shelved in numerical order and alphabetized by the author letters according to the same rules for nonfiction.Special collections of nonfiction – North Carolina Collection∙In many libraries media about or related to the home state is organized into a separate collection. People of significance,historical and geographical information, authors or literaryproducers are among topics included.∙The symbol NC is placed above the Dewey Decimal Classification number in specified locations on the media and on the cards in the card catalog. Ex: NC975.6Har∙The North Carolina Collection is shelved by Dewey Decimal Classification and includes fiction, nonfiction and biographicalmaterials.Special collections of nonfiction -- Professional∙Professional materials are shelved separately for the use of teachers and staff)∙The symbol Prof or Pro is used above the Dewey Decimal Classification number and the first three letters of the author’s last name to derive the call number. Ex: Prof362.7Ada∙Professional materials are shelved in numerical order and alphabetized by the author letters according to the same rules asfor nonfiction.Special collections of nonfiction – Audio Visual Collection∙AV materials are processed and filed by the Dewey Decimal System of classification on our shelves. Whenever possible, they areinterfiled into the regular media collection. In the call number, the kind of media is printed on the line above the Dewey Classification number for easy identification. When shelved in the regularcollection, the name of the type of media is ignored and the AVmaterial is shelved in Dewey order along with other media.These include Cas for cassettes, Vid for videorecordings, Rec fordisc recordings, Las for laserdiscs, etc.Special collections of nonfictionUse the following list of special collections to identify the type of material the call number represents:Biography Collective Biography North CarolinaReference Professional AVStory Collection_______________ SC _______________ CasWhi 398.2Alf_______________ Ref030 _______________ (A book checked outWor for only 1 night)_______________ Vid _______________ (A book about the599.5 presidents wives)Les_______________ (A book used by_______________ 920 teachers only)Wom_______________ Best Short Stories _______________ 921Ada_______________ Pro364ZizShelving MaterialsPut each section in the correct order.A. _____ 997.6B. _____ 301.45C. _____ 629.1309Fai Meo Rei_____ 976.4 _____ 301.45 _____ 629.109 Bro Ano Lin_____ 977 _____ 301.42 _____ 629.13 Tol Joh Zoe_____ 973.7 _____ 301.24 _____ 629.2 Kol Bre Tra_____ 977.6 _____ 301.43 _____ 629.14 Wol Lon PenD. _____ FE. _____ RF. _____ SCRea 030 WhiWor_____ F _____ R _____ SCLaw 423 LonWeb_____ F _____ R _____ SCRow 599 KipZim_____ F _____ R _____ SCHay 001.09 AbaCoh_____ F _____ R _____ SCBlu 317.3 BroWorG. _____ 629 _____ 551.29 _____ 331.8Abe Wan Mat_____ 629.4 _____ 551 _____ 331.09 Bet Val Gre_____ 619.133 _____ 551.4 _____ 332 Bel Gre Arl_____ 629 _____ 551.07 _____ 331 Mes Per Mol_____ 629.03 _____ 555.07 _____ 345.1 Gre Sal BalJ. _____ 759.06 K._____ 257.14 L._____ 624.7 Com Sec Bur_____ 741.092 _____ 257.11 _____ 623.7 Jac Ruk Suh_____ 741.1 _____ 257.05 _____ 621.77 Pic Leg Top_____ 745.5 _____ 257.011 _____ 621.808 Lec Pot Ear_____ 745.92 _____ 257 _____ 625.12 Cic Kis Hip_____ 750.01 _____ 257.01 _____ 623.92 Kek Rat Gon_____ 759.6 _____ 257.13 _____ 621.7 Buc Vat Zap_____ 750.1 _____ 257.1 _____ 625.28 Nad Was Bub_____ 714 _____ 257.144 _____ 625.01 Ack Yit Bic_____ 755.9 _____ 257.11 _____ 625.29 Wil Too Kat_____ 755.99 _____ 257.21Mym JubUsing the online card catalog/OPAC give the title and call number for one book in our media center on each of these subjects:Travel in the United StatesDinosaurs_____________________________________________________________________ Snakes_____________________________________________________________________ Football_____________________________________________________________________ Painting_____________________________________________________________________ Weather_____________________________________________________________________ Tattoo_____________________________________________________________________ Computer Games_____________________________________________________________________ Eating Disorders_____________________________________________________________________ Italian cooking_____________________________________________________________________ Landscaping_____________________________________________________________________Reading ShelvesReading shelves will be one of your regular tasks as a library science student. Reading shelves requires you to check each book or itemon each shelf in your assigned section to make sure it is in thecorrect order by call number. Other related duties in readingshelves include:∙Dusting∙Pulling media to the edge of the shelf so that no items are hidden for view.∙Removal of any materials that do not belong in the section.For example, you might find Ref598.1Jacshelved in the 500’s section among 598.1’s. You should remove such mis-shelved materials so that they can be reshelved properly.Remember, a mis-shelved book is a lost book.A book end should be used at the end of each shelf. Books should bespaced loosely to allow easy removal and reshelving.。

杜威十进图书分类法(Dewey

杜威十进制图书分类法 Dewey Decimal System

Bethany GrabowLS 502 Research PaperDecember 11, 2009Dewey vs. Bookstore ShelvingIt’s out with the old and in with the new at libraries across the country; an increasing number are eliminating Dewey Decimals and using classification methods found in bookstores. The idea of abandoning a system that has had a place in libraries for over a century has stimulated much discussion among patrons and librarians. The following explores the differences between Dewey and bookstore-style classification, the changes made by those using bookstore shelving, and the advantages and disadvantages of changing to a bookstore-style shelving system.Melvil Dewey created the Dewey Decimal Classification as a way to organize library materials (OCLC). It was first published in 1876 and is currently in its 22nd edition. The Dewey Decimal Classification is maintained by the Library of Congress and is constantly updated to reflect the needs and changes in modern society. Due to its history, popularity, and consistency, Dewey remains a widely used organizational tool in libraries.What does Dewey look like? The Dewey Decimal Classification has 10 main classes, divided into 10 divisions, divided into 10 sections based on the subject of the material. (OCLC). Nonfiction books are assigned a call number based on these divisions1and the author's last name, meaning that each book has a specific “address” where it can be found in the library. This means whether a patron looking for the book Who Moved My Cheese? by Spencer Johnson in Broomfield, Colorado or Seattle, Washington, will find it located at 155.24 Joh with other books about developmental psychology. This uniformity is often an argument for retaining Dewey in libraries.Bookstore shelving is a classification method modeled from retail bookstores (Fister 22). This method is a relatively new phenomenon. Unlike the rules-based Dewey Decimal Classification, bookstore shelving appears to be open to interpretation by the individual library during and after implementation. Research on libraries working with bookstore shelving methods show that they tend to avoid universal rules and focus on creating a system that works best for their libraries and patrons.What does bookstore shelving look like? It depends on the individual library. One of the most prominent bookstore-style classification systems currently in use is the Book Industry Standards and Communications (BISAC) list of categories (Stauffer 49). BISAC organizes books into 52 categories, each with further levels of specificity (Fister 22). The category and subdivisions for each book is decided by the book publisher. An example of a BISAC subject heading for a pizza cookbook would appear as COOKING/Courses & Dishes/Pizza (Book Industry Study Group).Maricopa County Library District's Perry Branch in Phoenix, Arizona uses a modified version of the BISAC categories (Library Staff). Based on the books in its collection, the library created a template of the categories it would use. This template is2used to create spine labels. An example spine label for a book on the social sciences would simply read SOC SCI. Books are alphabetized by title within the categories.Rangeview Library District in Northglenn, Colorado uses a similar approach known as WordThink (Fister 23). WordThink has spine labels with words, a broad category such as art and a narrower category such as drawing. Books are shelved by category; within the categories, books are shelved in alphabetical order by title.Darien Library in Darien, Connecticut has attempted to combine the best of both Dewey and bookstore shelving.Darien’s books still have a Dewey number, but have been reorganized into eight broad categories called “glades” (Fister 24). For example, books about travel and language, separated by Dewey, are combined into a glade called Places. Darien Library buys stickers with the names of the glades and places the stickers above the call numbers.This has been especially popular in the children’s department where books are organized by age range and subject matter.Libraries in the United States are not alone in trying bookstore shelving. Bayside Library Services in Melbourne, Australia embraced a collection redesign after a building expansion (Hopkins 8). Goals for the redesign included increasing nonfiction use and grouping like things together to help patrons search efficiently. Bayside created collections of popular adult nonfiction, and, like Darien, put things together that Dewey normally separates (Hopkins 10). Each collection has a name and a colored sticker. Signs in the nonfiction area have colors that correspond with the stickers.3Public libraries are not the only ones trying to find an alternative to traditional library classification. Bellevue High Schools in Bellevue, Nebraska recently reorganized their fiction collections (Gangwish and Pietsch). Librarians chose seven popular genres in which to classify books. A spine label for a book reads: FIC, the author’s last name, and the genre category such as MYS for mystery or HOR for horror. Tinted labels fit over spine labels to color code books by genre.Libraries using bookstore-style shelving have a few things in common. First, books are classified by words rather than, or in addition to, numbers (Fister 22; Hopkins 10). Second, visual aids, such as signs, stickers, or colors, direct patrons to the different subject areas (Fister 24; Hopkins 10). The look of bookstore shelving is quite different from the look of Dewey. The question that remains is whether one system works better than the other.Proponents of bookstore shelving have much to say about its advantages over Dewey. In an interview on National Public Radio, Marshall Shore, adult services coordinator for the Maricopa County Library District, talked about the decision to transition to bookstore shelving (National Public Radio). Shore looked at what customers know, understand, and use: bookstores. He believes libraries should be convenient, provide the best service for patrons, and reinforce the relevance of libraries in the lives of the public. Anecdotal evidence collected in the Rangeview Library District in Colorado revealed that the public library's problems lie in “coffee, collection, and classification” (Casey and Stephens 19). Patrons like to browse books with a drink in hand. Rangeview4director Pam Sandlian Smith cited easy customer access and self service as reasons the bookstore shelving method works.In an online survey, 66.3 percent of public librarians acknowledged that many patrons don't understand or are intimidated by Dewey (Fister 24). Marshall Shore, talking with infrequent library users, heard comments such as 'those numbers scare me,' 'I don't understand them,' 'they make me feel stupid.' (Fister, 22). Bookstore shelving is meant to alleviate confusion and help patrons to become more self-sufficient by using words and signage that are easy to understand. One public library patron in Arizona,after using bookstore-style shelving, described herself as “empowered”; she now knows how to find things on her own and is no longer intimidated by Dewey numbers (Fister 22).Responses from patrons who have used libraries with bookstore shelving have been almost entirely positive (Hopkins 10). Reportedly, when Maricopa County Library District's Perry Branch first opened, patrons did not even seen to notice the absence of Dewey (Whelan, 14). Marshall Shore remembers, “On opening day, extra staff were called in to handle the presumed customer confusion. I remember approaching a womanto explain the library, when she mouthed 'gardening' and made a beeline to the area, browsed, and left with a stack of books” (Fister, 23). Since that time, there has been such an onslaught of positive comments that Maricopa changed five of its 18 libraries to the bookstore shelving system (Fister 23). In fact, Maricopa County Library District, Rangeview Library District, Darien Library, Bellevue High Schools, and Bayside Library Services have all reported a rise in circulation numbers since their individual transitionsto bookstore shelving (Fister 23, 25; Gangwish and Pietsch; Hopkins 10). Perry Branch's circulation increased by 11,000 items borrowed from one year to the next after the5transition (Fister 23). Darien Library's children's department saw an increase of about 30 percent each month after the switch (Fister 25).Another advantage to bookstore shelving is creative collocation. In a survey conducted at Maricopa County Library District's Perry Branch, over 75 percent of customers indica ted that they use the library to “browse” (Fister 22). While Dewey has predetermined locations for nonfiction books, bookstore shelving allows librarians to place related items together (Hopkins 10). For instance, Dewey places foreign language books in the 400s and travel books in the 900s. With the flexibility of bookstore shelving, the library can place in one area a travel guide for Paris, a Paris museum guide, and a French language phrasebook. Bayside Library Services in Melbourne, Australia isplea sed with the ease of browsing brought about by bookstore shelving. “Feedback from borrowers, staff and the lending figures all indicate that the collection rearrangement has made it easier for both adult and junior library users to locate items they want, or to find items which they do not know they want, but are happy to take home and read” (Hopkins 11).Although the advantages of bookstore shelving have effected change in some libraries, there are still many supporters of Dewey Decimal Classification. Dewey is quintessential public library. One can find Dewey in over 135 countries across the globe, and it exists in more than 30 languages (OCLC). Dewey is the same at every location, allowing knowledgeable patrons to understand where to locate an item in every public library, regardless of location (Stauffer 49). Dewey Decimal Classification allows users to both find all materials on a given subject together in one area and to find a specific item.6One problem that comes with a only a few libraries using bookstore shelving in a world of Dewey is inconsistency. According to the Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science, most school and public libraries use Dewey Decimal Classification and most research and academic libraries use Library of Congress Classification (Reitz). Both of these systems use a set of numbers and letters to identify an item's specific location within the library. Even if a library patron does not encounter Dewey numbers at his local public library, it is likely that at some point in life he will need to understand how to use one of these traditional classification systems to locate an item in a library (Stauffer 50). Research shows that most children are able to understand and use Dewey by the 4th grade (Stauffer 49). Even if signage is used to aid library patrons in locating items in a subject area, the presence of Dewey would at least provide the patron with a general recognition of classification numbers.A second observation made by researchers is that most libraries that have successfully transitioned to bookstore shelving have smaller collections of 100,000 volumes or less (Casey and Stephens 19). When Maricopa County Library Districts's Perry Branch opened in 2007, it had 24,000 items in its collection (Oder 14). Bayside Library Service's Beaumans Branch had 30,000 items upon transition (Hopkins 8). The largest library in Rangeview Library District has 85,000 items (Oder 12). Any larger collections using the general categories and alphabetization by title of the bookstore shelving system would decrease items' findability (Casey and Stephens 19). A book on the sociology of religion, for example, would be lost in a sea of social science materials.An additional area of contention is the conflict of purpose between a bookstore and a library. A bookstore is a for-profit business whose main goal is to sell books. A7library, on the other hand, is a not-for-profit organization meant to provide free information for reference or loan. Each establishment organizes its inventory for its respective purpose. Bookstores shelve items according to current commercial status to increase sales and profits (Stauffer 49). Libraries shelve items according to subject to increase accessibility of information. The Book Industry Study Group (BISG), creator of BISAC subject headings, is in the book trade industry serving all industry segments (Book Industry Study Group). Its members include retail book sellers, publishers, book distributors, and libraries. In the Frequently Asked Questions section of the Book Industry Study Group's website, BISG discusses the advantage of publisher-created subject headings saying they, “provide the publisher with the opportunity to tell the retailer and the general book trade of the primary and secondary store sections within which the title will best fit (and, hopefully, sell best)” (Book Industry Study Group). This appears to some opponents of bookstore shelving as a conflict of purpose; libraries are looking to bookstores for classification guidance, but bookstores are set up to sell things, not to help people find information.Research on options in library classification shows that the two primary contenders are Dewey Decimal Classification and bookstore shelving. Switching to bookstore shelving includes changes to subject categories, spine labels, and signage. Advantages of using bookstore shelving include subject categories that are easier for patrons to understand and find, increased library approval and use, and creative collocations. Disadvantages include inconsistency among libraries, use limited to smaller libraries, and conflict of purpose using bookstores as models. Benjamin Franklin once said, “The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expecti ng8different results” (Wikiquote). Is this true of Dewey Decimal Classification? For some libraries, yes. Evaluating their patrons' needs and wants led them to believe that it was time for a change. Only time will tell which classification system is built to last.Works Cited9Book Industry Study Group. “BISAC Subject Heading: Tutorial and FAQ.” Book Industry Study Group. 2009. 8 December 2009.</activities-programs/activity.php?n=d&id=47&cid=20>.Casey, Michael and Stephens, Michael. “It's Fine to Drop Dewey.” Library Journal 134 (2009): 19. Library Literature and Information Science Full Text. 4 December2009. <>.Fister, Barbara. “The Dewey Dilemma.” Library Journal 134 (2009): 22-25. Academic Search Complete. 3 December 2009. <>. Gangwish, Margaret and Pietsch, Laura. From A-Z to Barnes & Noble: A Fiction Reorganization project. Nebraska Library Association Annual Conference.Embassy Suites Omaha-LaVista Convention Center, LaVista. 30 October 2009. Hopkins, Sandy. “Decimating Dewey: Introducing a Bookshop Arrangement for Shelving the Nonfiction Collection.” APLIS 20 (2007): 8-13. Academic SearchComplete. 3 December 2009. <>.Library Staff, Perry Branch. 8 December 2009. Telephone interview.National Public Radio. “Arizona Library Shuns Dewey System.” National Public Radio transcript. 16 June 2007.OCLC. “Dewey Decimal Classification Summaries.” OCLC. 2009. 8 December 2009.</us/en/dewey/resources/summaries/>.Oder, Norman. “Dropping Dewey in Maricopa.” Library Journal 132 (2007): 14. Library Literature and Information Science Full Text. 3 December 2009.<>.10Oder, Norman. “Rangeview Library, CO, First to Drop All Dewey.” Library Journal 134 (2009): 12. Academic Search Complete. 4 December 2009.<>.Reitz, Joan. “Library of Congress Classification.” Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science. 2007. 9 December 2009.</odlis/odlis_L.cfm#>.Stauffer, Suzanne. “Dewey- or Don't We- Classify?” Children & Libraries 6 (2008): 49-51. Library Literature and Information Science Full Text. 4 December 2009.<>.Whelan, Debra. “Arizona Library Ditches Dewey.” School Library Journal 53 (2007):14. Library Literature and Information Science Full Text. 3 December 2009.<>.Wikiquote. “Benjamin Franklin.” Wikiquote. 2 December 2009. Wikimedia. 8 December 2009. </wiki/Benjamin_Franklin>.11。

杜威十进制图书分类法DeweyDecimalSystemCategories

杜威⼗进制图书分类法DeweyDecimalSystemCategories Library Class Name:5th Grade Period/Day:The Dewey Decimal SystemThe Dewey Decimal System is a plan for shelving nonfiction books in number order. Melvil Dewey, an American librarian, devised it.000 – 099 General Works100 – 199 Philosophy200 – 299 Religion300 – 399 Social Sciences400 – 499 Language500 – 599 Pure Sciences600 – 699 Technology700 – 799 The Arts800 – 899 Literature900 – 999 Geography and History+92 BiographiesDewey Decimal System Categories000 – 099 General Works (Encyclopedias, Atlases)100 – 199 Philosophy (Books about the mind & character; howyou think and feel)200 – 299 Religion (Bible, myths, various religions)300 – 399 Social Sciences (Government, transportation,education, holidays, legends, folk tales, & fairy tales) 400 – 499 Language (Dictionaries, grammar, & foreignlanguage)500 – 599 Pure Sciences (Books about plants, wild animals,planets, land forms, weather, dinosaurs, math,astronomy, & chemistry)600 – 699 Technology (Books on making or doing usefulthings such as cooking, nursing, homemaking. Alsopets, inventions, safety & health, space exploration) 700 – 799 The Arts (Books on painting, music, dancing,hobbies, crafts, riddles, sports, photography,drawing)800 – 899 Literature (Poetry, plays, & short stories)900 – 999 Geography & History (Books on the states & othercountries, history, travel)92 Biographies (Information about people’s lives) Library Class Name:5th Grade Period/Day:WHAT’S T HAT DEWEY NUMBER& CATEGORY NAME?Read the pretend situations below. Decide what the correct Dewey numbers and category names are. Type the Dewey number and category name after each question. (The first one is an example and has been answered for you).1. Your bulldog puppy insists on digging in the neighbor’s flowers. You want to train him to behave. Where should you look in the Library for a book to help? 600-699 Technology2. You really want four white mice for pets, but your mother and father say they are too much trouble to take care of and keep. Where can you find a book to help you?3. Your cousin saw a shooting star Saturday when she was star watching. Where can you find a book about stars?4. Your older brother plans to vote in this f all’s election. Where can he finda book about voting?5. Wellsboro will be celebrating St. Patrick’s Day. Where would you find information about holidays?6. One of your friends took a chameleon to school. When he put it onto the teacher’s desk, it changed colors. Where might you find a book that would explain these color changes?7. Your nephew plans to visit your family. He knows all about football and is quick to let you know! Where could you find a book about football?8. You and your sister want to make your mother a birthday cake from scratch, but you do not have a cookbook. Where would you look?9. You need a book about hurricanes for a science report. Where do you look?。

书分类与编目方法

书分类与编目方法在图书馆和其他文献机构中，书籍的分类和编目是一项非常重要的工作。

它帮助读者快速准确地找到所需的书籍，提高了图书馆的信息服务水平。

本文将介绍几种常见的书分类与编目方法。

一、十进制分类法（DDC）十进制分类法（Dewey Decimal Classification，简称DDC）是一种最常用的图书分类方法之一。

它由梅尔维尔·路易斯·杜威于1876年提出，通过将所有知识领域划分为十大类，再逐级细分为更具体的主题。

DDC的分类号由数字和小数点组成，例如“300”代表社会科学，“330.15”代表经济学中的某个特定主题。

这种分类法在全球范围内被广泛使用，具有较强的通用性。

二、中国图书馆分类法（CLC）中国图书馆分类法（Chinese Library Classification，简称CLC）是我国图书馆常用的分类法之一。

它于1956年开始编制，目前已经出版了第三版。

CLC将所有知识领域划分为24个大类，再根据具体内容进行细分。

与DDC相比，CLC更加适合中国特色的图书分类需求，能够更好地满足读者的信息检索需求。

三、主题词编目法主题词编目法是一种根据文献内容选择关键词进行编目的方法。

与传统的分类号不同，主题词编目法更加注重描述文献的内容特点，使读者能够快速准确地找到相关主题的书籍。

编目人员通过对文献进行分析和理解，选择适当的主题词，并将其组织成具有层次结构的索引系统。

主题词编目法广泛应用于各类专业文献数据库和图书馆的主题索引。

四、数字图书馆分类法随着数字化时代的到来，图书馆也推出了数字图书馆分类法来满足数字资源的管理和检索需求。

数字图书馆分类法通过将数字资源按照内容、形式、载体等方面进行分类，并运用计算机和信息技术进行编目和检索。

它不仅具有传统分类法的优点，还支持多媒体资源的处理和网络环境下的信息组织。

五、互联网分类与标签互联网时代的固有特点是信息爆炸和碎片化，此时，分类和编目尤为重要。

杜威十进分类法

杜威分類法中國圖書分類法國會圖書分類法杜威十進分類法杜威十進分類法（Dewey Decimal Classification，DDC）是廣為全球各地圖書館使用的分類法。

這個分類系統最早在1873年時Melvil Dewey有此分類構想，而於1876年正式出版。

目前，負責DDC出版的是Forest Press，而它於1988年成為OCLC下的一個部門。

DDC已被全球超過135個國家的圖書館使用，並且被翻譯逾30種語言，包括阿拉伯文、中文、法文、希臘文、希伯來文、義大利文、波斯文、俄文、西班牙文及土耳其文等。

在美國，有95%的公共圖書館及學校圖書館、25%的學院及大學圖書館及20%的專門圖書館使用DDC。

此外，DDC更能用來組織網際網路上的各種資源。

DDC共出版兩種版本形式：完整版及節縮版，其中節縮版主要是提供館藏量低於20,000冊的圖書館使用。

完整版目前最新的是1996年出版的第21版，共計四大冊，內容分為九大部分：第一冊中主要是描述21版新增特色、杜威十進分類法簡介及使用方法、名詞解釋及索引、複分表及20版與21版之間之異同比較；第二冊及第三冊則是分類法的全文；第四冊則是提供相關索引（Relative Index）及實際進行分類時之指引。

DDC的長處之一在於它能不斷的維護發展。

目前，它的維護是由美國國會圖書館所負責，有專門的部門負責反應新文獻成長的趨勢與使用者的需求。

DDC是用傳統的學科來分類，總共以10個主要的學科（main classes）來涵括所有的知識體系，每個大類下細分10類（divisions），接著又再分成10小類（sections）。

DDC中每個學科都會給予特定範圍的數字來表示，它的十個大類（main classes）分別是：000Generalities總類100Philosophy哲學類200Religion宗教類300Social sciences社會科學類400Language語文類500Pure sciences自然科學類600Technology應用科學類700The arts藝術類800Literature文學類900General geography & history史地類圖書館新天地Kelvin Wong製作。

杜威十进分类法

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• 为适应世界知识体系的不断演变，100多年来，《杜威分类法》在不断地更新和完善。从1996年到2001年，按年度更新电子版。目前已于2003年6月中旬推出《杜威分类法》 22电子版；2003年9月OCLC（联机计算机图书馆中心）又正式出版了《杜威分类法》22印刷版。120年来，每隔六七年《杜威分类法》就对印刷版进行一次修订换版，并对电子版定期发布增补公报、更改信息，而且更新信息可以免费获取。自1997年以来，《杜威分类法》按月在其专业网站上发布类目新增及修订消息，按周发布新增主题词列表。
• 从第十六版起，逐步将一些体系过于陈旧的类目彻底改编，在新版本出版前单独印发一、二个类的改编表，供用户试用，被称为“凤凰表”。这种连续的局部更新，使其既跟上新知识的发展，又保持了分类法的稳定性和连续性。这是《杜威分类法》经历一个多世纪久盛不衰的重要原因。 • 至今《杜威十进分类法》是第22版(DDC22)，于2003年9 月正式出版发行。 • 120年来，每隔六七年《杜威分类法》就对印刷版进行一次修订换版，并对电子版定期发布增补公报、更改信息，而且更新信息可以免费获取。
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杜威十进分类法最早由基督教会传入中国,如1900年上海
对杜威十进分类法的仿照和改造
• “五四”前后,DDC在中国得到进一步推广使用,并被作了适应中国图书和图书馆的改造,使DDC在中国的应用进入了一个新阶段。继1918年沈祖荣与胡庆生合编的《仿杜威书目十类法》后,当时共编制了二十余部“仿杜”、“改杜”、 “补杜”十进分类法,比较著名的有杜定友的《世界图书分类法》(1922)、刘国均的《中国图书分类法》(1929)等,这些分类法都没有突破DDC的十大部类体系和小数层累制,在许多方面是照搬DDC,创新不多,但为了适应中国图书分类的需要作了一些改造,主要体现在下列方面：

杜威分类法

杜威分类法
杜威分类法（Dewey Decimal Classification）是一种常用的图书馆分类法，也叫杜威十位分类法，由美国图书馆学家马克•杜威于1876年创建，1902年初正式发表，是一种统一的、科学的分类法，它的发明和发展是使法图书馆自身结构完善、适应学科发展和改进区分类法实现自己功能的必然要求。

杜威分类法是一种被确定的以十位数字分类法，采用两个支线来构建学科树，以把各科和学问按照顺序分成100个类别，从000（包括000）到999（含999）），便于办公室和图书馆方便的分门别类组织资源。

但是每个主题类别可以添加一个或多个小类，因此它呈现嵌套的效果，在使用时还可以用附录加以补充。

每个类别由十位数表示，例如：500自然科学；500.2物理学等；
杜威分类法利用十位数表示不同类别的好处中有：（1）使分类的细节性更高，可以把各科学问更细粒度地分类；（2）使分类更紧凑，使用空间更紧凑；（3）分类易懂，便于查找；（4）易于控制，因数字不会受到外界影响而变化；（5）概念分类为主，加以便利的附录增补，使分类灵活性更为强。

杜威分类法已成为社会上通用的标准化分类法，在图书馆、展览等资源领域 method 和科学研究、图书出版等方面被广泛应用，使用户在检索查阅各类资料时，能更快捷地寻找对应资源，是现代文献管理的重要组成，也是全球最成功的分类系统之一。

杜威十进制图书分类法 The Dewey Decimal Classification System

The Dewey Decimal Classification System This is the system used to determine the location of books and some other items on the shelves in nearly all of the school and public libraries in the United States. It is used by more than 200,000 librariesin the world.Its purpose is to give every book a call number that is used as its “address” so that it can be found (eg. 796.357 for baseball). The other purpose of the Dewey Decimal number is to keep books on similar subjects near each other.Many libraries break up their collection into sub-collections such as Reference. The abbreviation for these sub-collections is called a prefix and is normally the first line of the call number (eg. REF 796.357).A prefix is not always followed by a Dewey number (eg. FIC TWA for a novel by Mark Twain).The last line of a call number is called the Cutter number. It is used to differentiate between two books with the same call number. It is actually a combination of letters and numbers which can be very confusing. In the HMHS Library, cutter numbers are only the first three letters of the authors first name or if there is not an author, the first three letters of the title (eg. REF 796.357 ENC for the The Baseball Encyclopedia)Nearly all college and university libraries in the United States use the Library of Congress classification system to shelve their books.That is beyond the scope of today’s instruction.Here is a link to a site that explains the Dewey Decimal Classification System./~vvesper/dewey2.htm#What。