单证复习

1. Document: bills, drafts, checks, certificates, and etc.Documentation: work related to the preparation, checking, presentiong and filing of documents2. In terms of documents involved by both traders.----- Import Document and Export Document3. General Procedures in Business NegotiationEnquiry/Inquiry Offer Counter-offer Acceptance (P10)4. When offer becomes effective？An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree.5. When offer becomes invalid？Over the time-limits Rejection by the offereeCounter offer by the offeree Revocability of offer6. Counter offer Rejection of original offer A new offer7. Incoterm 2000---International Chamber of Commerce Terms8. 国际商会(ICC) International Chamber of Commerce9. The trade terms refer to using a brief English concept or abbreviation to indicate the formation of the unit price and determine the responsibilities, expenses and risks borne by two parties as well as the time of the passing of the property in the goods.10. FOB Free On Board 装运港船上交货卖方⑴交货至买方指派船上，通知买方⑵承担货物越过船舷前一切风险和费用⑶办理出口报关⑷提供相应单据买方⑴安排船只接货，支付运费，通知卖方⑵承担货物越过船舷后一切风险和费用⑶办理进口清关⑷支付货款11.CFR Cost and Freight 成本加运费卖方⑴安排运输，支付至目的港运费，及时通知买方⑵承担货物越过船舷前一切风险和费用⑶办理出口⑷提供相应单据买方⑴承担货物越过船舷后一切风险和额外费用⑵办理进口⑶支付货款12.CIF Cost Insurance and Freight 成本保险费加运费卖方⑴安排运输，支付至目的港运费，及时通知买方⑵承担货物越过船舷前一切风险⑶办理保险，支付保费⑷办理出口⑸提供相应单据买方⑴安排运输，支付至目的港运费，及时通知买方⑵承担货物越过船舷前一切风险⑶办理保险，支付保费⑷办理出口⑸提供相应单据从交货方式来看，CIF是一种典型的象征性交货。

13. CFR FOB CIF租船订舱买方卖方卖方运费买方卖方卖方保险费买方卖方买方成本卖方卖方卖方14. 集装箱运输：container transport滚装运输：roll-on and roll-off transportation15. FCA（Free Carrier）——货交承运人CPT——Carriage Paid To 运费付至（.....指定目的地）CIP——Carriage and Insurance Paid To（指定目的地）运费、保险费付至。

16. 在我国出口业务中，书面合同主要采用合同（Contract)和销售确认书（Sales Confirmation)，两者均具有同等法律效力。

17. 贸易合同的基本内容包括：约首，正文和约尾（P27）18. 合同保险条款(Insurance)当使用CIF/CIP术语出口时，合同中要列明保险条款，一般包括由卖方负责投保、保险公司、适用的保险条款、保险险别、保险金额如果确定、提供何种保险单据等。

Insurance: To be covered by the Sellers for 110% of the invoice value against XX and XX as per Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China Dated Jan1,1981.由卖方按发票金额的110%投保XX险和XX险，按1981年1月1日中国人民保险公司海洋运输货物保险条款负责。

19. 合同支付条款(Payment)支付条款的基本内容一般包括支付工具、支付方式、支付时间与地点等。

例如：远期信用证支付条款The buyers shall open through a bank acceptable to the sellers an Irrevocable Letter of Credit at 30 days’ sight to reach the Sellers XX days before the month of shipment, valid for negotiation in Beijing until the 15th day after the month of shipment.买方应通过卖方可接受的银行于装运月份前XX天开立并送达卖方不可撤销的见票后三十天付款的信用证，有效期至装运月份后十五天，在北京议付。

20. The Buyer shall open through a bank acceptable to the Sellers an Irrevocable Sight Letter of Credit to reach the Sellers__30__days before the month of shipment, stipulating that 50% of the invoice value against clean draft at sight while the remaining 50 % on Documents against payment at sight on collection basis. The full set of the shipping documents of 100 % invoice value shall accompany the Collection item and shall only be released after full payment of the invoice value. 买方应通过为卖方所接受的银行于装运前30 日开出并送达卖方不可撤消即期信用证，规定50%发票金额凭即期光票信用证支付，50%用托收即期付款交单。

100%发票金额的全套装运单据随附于托收项下，于买方付清全部发票金额后交单。

21. A standard, commercial l etter of credit (LC)is a document issued mostly by a financial institution, used primarily in trade finance, which usually provides an irrevocable payment undertaking.22. The Parties to a Letter of CreditApplicant (开证申请人):是向银行申请开立信用证的人，一般是进口方。

Beneficiary（受益人）:是信用证上所指定的信用证金额的收款人，一般为出口方。

Opening Bank / Issuing Bank （开证行）:是接受开证申请人的要求和指示开立信用证的银行，一般是进口地银行。

Advising Bank/Notifying Bank（通知行）:是受开证行的委托，将信用证转交出口方的银行，一般是出口地银行，且通常是开证行的代理行。

通知行只证明信用证的真实性，不承担其他义务。

Negotiating Bank（议付行):是根据开证行授权买入信用证项下单据的银行。

议讨行一般为通知行或其他指定的银行，对受益人有票据追索权。

Paying Bank / Drawee Bank （付款行）：是信用证规定履行信用证付款责任的银行，一般是开证行。

付款行一经付款，不得向受益人行使追索权。

Confirming Bank（保兑行）:是根据开证行的请求，在信用证上加具保兑的银行，对受益人承担首先付款责任，一经付款，就无权向受益人追索。

Reimbursing Bank（偿付行）：是接受开证行委托或授权向议付行偿付货款的银行。

偿付行只负责付款而不受理单据，不审单。

23. Types of letter of credit1. Sight Payment credit2. negotiation credit3. acceptance credit4. deferred payment credit24. 独立与分离原则The independence or abstraction principleA. The separation between documents on the one hand and goods on the other hand,so that banks deal with documents and not with goods.B That credit is separate transaction from the sales contract and therefore banks are in no way concerned with or bound by sales contract .C. When the terms conditions of the credit have been complied with,the issuing bank or confirming bank (if any )should fulfill its independent payment undertaking without interference come from other parties.25. disadvantages and advantages of a letter of credit（P47）mercial Invoice,（商业发票）or Invoice is the key accounting document describing the commercial transaction between the buyer and seller.27. A Bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or the order of a specified person or to bearer. 汇票（Bill of Exchange/Draft）是由出票人签发的，要求付款人在见票时或在一定期限内，向收款人或持票人无条件支付一定款项的票据。