2012年高考英语上海卷-答案

2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（上海卷）
英语答案解析
第Ⅰ卷
Ⅰ.Listening Comprehension
Section A
1.【答案】B
【解析】原文：
W: Hello, may I help you?
M: Yes, we would like to check into our room.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
2.【答案】C
【解析】原文：
W: Come on, John! Relax! What can go wrong?
M: At my first job interview? Plenty.
Q: How does the man feel?
3.【答案】B
【解析】原文：
M: Good morning, madam, what can I do for you?
W: Well, someone at the hotel suggested I come here to buy a coat.
Q: What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
4.【答案】C
【解析】原文：
W: I gave Dave 300 dollars for his sponsored concert.
M: 300 dollars? Sandy, you must be mad! I wish I had 300 dollars to throw round like that.
Q: What does the man mean?
5.【答案】D
【解析】原文：
M: Shall I come and take you to the railway station?
W: No, thanks, I’ll manage. It’s not far any way.
Q: What can we learn about the woman?
6.【答案】B
【解析】原文：
W: How many children have you got?
M: Two. John’s five and Clair’s four. And there’s another one on the way. Q: How many children will the man most probably have?
7.【答案】A
【解析】原文：
W: Do you know how I can stop drinking too much coffee?
M: No, but I wish I did. I spend too much money at cafe’s.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
8.【答案】D
【解析】原文：
W: Could you give me a hand moving this cupboard, please?
M: Well, I’d rather not if you don’t mind. I’m not feeling well today.
Q: What does the man mean?
9.【答案】C
【解析】原文：
M: Tom’ s house is a mess! Doesn’t he ever clean it?
W: I guess he just has too much ails on his mind with that new job.
Q: What can we learn about Tom?
10.【答案】A
【解析】原文：
M: I didn’t have any trouble in finding accommodation in Britain.
W: According to my experience, it sounds too good to be true.
Q: what does the woman mean?
Section B
11.【答案】A
12.【答案】D
13.【答案】C
【解析】原文：
Well, I own a small data processing company, in which I employ about eight to ten workers. And the point I want to make has to do with trust. I know it’s possible to force people to be 100% efficient. But I think when you do that, you lose confidence and trust. I let my employees use our equipment and make personal phone calls. They are more than welcome to decide what is right and wrong. Because I think you can’t run a company by just giving orders to robots and watching them like big brother, right? I think you have to trust people and give them a little freedom. And also, as far as phone calls and all that go, I want my people to call home and check on their children and know their children are safe and sound. As a result, I have devoted employees who are willing to go that extra mile and I can honestly say they show up to work smiling. So I get more satisfaction and rewards by trusting my employees than by suspecting them of doing something wrong.
14.【答案】B
15.【答案】D
16.【答案】A
【解析】原文：
The roots of Canadian English can be found in the events which followed the American revolution of 1776. Those who had supported Britain found themselves unable to stay in the new United States, and most went to Canada. They were soon followed by many thousands who were attracted by the cheapness of land. Within 50 years, the population of upper Canada had reached 100 thousand, mainly people from the United States. In the east, the Atlantic provinces had been settled by English speakers as early as the 15th century, but even today, these areas contain less than ten per cent of the population, so that they have only a limited role in the development of Canadian English. In Quebec, the majority of people use French as a mother tone. Here English and French exist together but uneasily. Because of its origins, Canadian English has a great deal in common with the rest of the English spoken in North America, and is often difficult to distinguish for people who live outside the region. To British people, Canadians may sound American; to Americans, they may sound British. Canadians themselves insist on not being identified with either, and certainly, there is a great deal of evidence in support of this view.
Section C
17.【答案】History
18.【答案】HD3309
19.【答案】photography
20.【答案】Tuesday
【解析】原文：
A: Good morning, Leeds University students registration center. B: Good morning, I need to register for a class. A:
OK. May I take your name, please? B: Sure, it’s Andrew Smith.
A: Which department do you study with? B: The history department. A: May I have your student ID? B: HD3309. A: What class are you trying to take? B: I want to take a photography class. A: Well, there’re only two classes open. B: Can you tell me what days the classes are on? A: One is on Tuesday, from 2 pm. to 4 pm. B: And the other?
A: From 10:00 to 12:00 on Thursday. B: OK, sign me up for the class on Tuesday.
A: Very well, then.
21.【答案】religions
22.【答案】good friends/more than friends/like a family
23.【答案】their daughter
24.【答案】a simple smile
【解析】原文：
A: Welcome to our program, Anny. Please tell our audience the best things about the experiment in international living.
B: Well, my group was great! And I love my host family. A: Can you tell us about your group?
B: Well, we were all high school students from the US. But we were very different.
A: You mean from different cities, with different religions and cultures? B: Yes, and I was existed about that. We learnt that we weren’t really so different. A: What do you mean?
B: Well, we became such good frie nds. More than friends, we were like a family. A: Wonderful. I’d like to know more about your host family.
B: Oh, I loved my host family in Costa Rica. They were my family, too. I felt like I was their daughter. A: So nice! Did you have any problems speaking with them?
B: No, not really. Actually, I learnt a lot of Spanish from them. And I also learnt that language is not always so important. A: What do you mean?
B: Well, in some cases, a simple smile can say more than words. A: Thanks so much, Anny.
Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
25.【答案】B
【解析】此处without意为：没有。

句意：没有激情。

人们就不会有创|新思维所必的动机和快乐。

26.【答案】C
【解析】句意：诚实是最好的信条吗？我们小的时候，我们就是这样被教导的。

27.【答案】B
【解析】此处是allow sb to do sth的被动语态形式，即sb is allowed to do sth句意：因为杰克把会员卡落在家里了，所以不允许他进体育俱乐部。

28.【答案】D
【解析】此处mustn’t意为：禁止。

句意：新的法律规定：人们不准酒后驾车。

29.【答案】C
【解析】此处only强调状语成分with his greatest of 公置于旬首，主句倒装。

句意：只是因为极大的幸运，她才从上涨的水中逃生。

30.【答案】A
【解析】此处解题关键是：by next month是将来的时间状语，所以用将来完成时。

句意：——我听说Jason 计划买一辆车。

——我知道。

到下个月，他就攒够了足够的钱买一辆二手车。

31.【答案】A
【解析】此处each意为：每一个，强调个体。

句意：当他摘下手套，我注意到每个人的手上都写着他的名字。

32.【答案】D
【解析】此处unless意为：除非。

句意：这次旅行我手头有点紧，所以我不打算乘飞机除非航空公司降低票价。

33.【答案】A
【解析】解题关键：have trouble in doing sth，此处in可以省略。

句意：当Peter当众讲话的时候，他总是很难想起该说的话。

34.【答案】C
【解析】此处the idea是抽象名词，后面的同位语从句说明其内容。

句意：这个想法有许多哲理，坦诚为善良服务。

35.【答案】D
【解析】此处是介词前置的定语从句。

句意：你给送给你礼物的亲戚发了感谢信了吗？
36.【答案】A
【解析】此处的过去分词短语相当于一个定语从句which was founded 25years ago.句意：25年前成立的那个俱乐部正在头新老会员举行票会。

37.【答案】D
【解析】此处是强调句型的一般疑问句形式，by cutting down staff是被强调的部分。

句意：通过减员她挽救了这家公司。

38.【答案】C
【解析】此处what I am looking for是主语从句，what在主语从句中作for的宾语。

句意：我正在找的是比这更大、更结实的书柜。

39.【答案】B
【解析】此处是现在分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句，which involves many different factors.句意：天才是一个很复杂的概念，它和许多不同的因素相关。

40.【答案】A
【解析】此处too1s是先行词,a man has whenever he goes to a new place.是定语从句，whenever he goes to a new place 是定语从句中的状语从句。

句意。

地图是每当一个人去一个新地方时所必带的工具
Section B
41.【答案】I
【解析】available意为可得到的，可买至的。

还应该提供较小的爆米花桶和饮料杯。

42.【答案】G
【解析】crisis意为：危机。

电影院应帮助处理国家“超重人”过多的危机。

43.【答案】F
【解析】concern意为：关心的事，重要的事，There is a misbelief that popcon is calorie-free,but that is not the case. It is a concern to us 有一个错误的观念，爆米花不含热量，但事实并非如此，这对我们来说是一件值得关心的事
44.【答案】H
【解析】他谈到许多如Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek食品连锁店决定在所有菜单上标明卡路里数量。

45.【答案】C
【解析】indication意为：迹象。

有迹象表明，当他们意识到产品上面的卡路里数量时，消费者改变他们的购买习惯。

46.【答案】E
【解析】anxious意为“渴望的”。

渴望赢得电影院的支持。

47.【答案】D
【解析】figure意为“数字”。

政府数字表明2/3的青年和1/3的儿童超重。

Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension
48. 【答案】J
【解析】reverse意为“彻底改变”。

如果这种趋势不彻底改变，那么到2050年9/10的青年和2/3的儿童超重。

【解析】此处形容词修饰名词risk.使他们处于严重的心脏病，癌症和其他疾病风险当中。

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
50.【答案】A
【解析】根据下文these and other research finding和in a field study；提示，在另一份研究中，所以选A。

51.【答案】C
【解析】根据下文if his face was spotless提示。

受害者脸上有一个巨大的红色胎记。

52.【答案】D
【解析】根据下文are more likely to receive aid提示选receive.如果受害者的脸无污点的比有不引人注意的胎记更有可能获得援助。

53.【答案】C
【解析】此处challenge挑战；record记录；understand理解，了解；publish出版。

在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中，发现两个重要的主题。

54.【答案】A
【解析】此处important重要的；possible可能的；amusing 娱乐的；missing失去的。

在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中，发现两个重要的主题。

55.【答案】B
【解析】deserve意为“值得”。

因为某种原因我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。

56.【答案】D
【解析】下文举列说明观点：In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid，所以选D。

57.【答案】B
【解析】actually mailed it or not提示选mailed意思是申请被邮寄。

58.【答案】B
【解析】此处talented有才能的；good-looking好看的，helpful有帮助的；hard-working勤奋的。

附在申请上的照片一张是相貌看的、一张不太有吸引力的人。

59.【答案】A
【解析】结果表明，如果照片上人外表上有吸引力，人们更可能递送这个申请。

Send in意为递送”。

60.【答案】A
【解析】在潜在的助手和有需要的人之间的相似程度也很重要。

【解析】此处expensive昂贵的；plain 普通的；cheap便宜的；strange奇怪的。

穿着T恤上印上挑衅的话和穿着朴素的T恤的人相对比，人们更愿意帮助穿着朴素T恤的人。

plain意为“简朴的；朴素的”。

62.【答案】C
【解析】此处time时间；chances 机会；instruction 说明；money 钱。

根据常识应该给钱买牛奶。

63.【答案】D
【解析】对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更不可缺少。

64.【答案】D
【解析】此处talkative 健炎的；handsome英俊的；calm平静的；sick有病的。

生病的似乎比喝醉的更容易得到帮助
Section B
65.【答案】B
【解析】根据he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity which he did He raised 70,000for the British charity Oxfam可推断为Oxfam筹资。

66 .【答案】B
【解析】根据第二段Just a bike a very very long road.和第三段The journey was lonely and desperate at times 可判断journey 应该很长和艰难。

67.【答案】C
【解析】根据For 1,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him可判断Phil White 设法迎着风骑车。

68.【答案】D
【解析】根据This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end可判断，虽然路途艰难，但是他坚持最后取得成功。

说明他有决心。

69.【答案】D
【解析】根据第二段最后一句CityRail services(limted area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city 可判断。

70.【答案】A
【解析】根据All Sydney Passes include a free Airport Express inward trip可知应该选A.
71.【答案】C
【解析】根据图表和下面的说明可知：Children under 4 years travel free,说明三岁的孩子免费，所以两个成年人是240元加上两个小孩120元，共360元。

【解析】根据第二段“men often react to stress in the fight or fight response”和“t hey react by Withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”)”可判断男人更可能从现实中逃脱出来。

73.【答案】D
【解析】根据第三段an important role is played by certain hormones(激素)released by the body和men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin its effects are reduced by male hormones可判断，激素扮演重要角色，但是男人也分泌oxytocin但受男性荷尔蒙的影响，它的作用降低了。

故选D。

74.【答案】C
【解析】根据第五段第一句“The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded Differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work”可判断选D.
75.【答案】A
【解析】根据第一段的中心句：a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress.可知：本文由介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因然后主要谈男女如何克服压力
Section C
76.【答案】F
【解析】根据In fact reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically 可知和Whether reading early promises later achievements 相对应。

77.【答案】A
【解析】根据at age six和in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten可推断和When a child should learn to read相对应。

78.【答案】E
【解析】根据the use of both the “whole language” method and the “phonic” method works best For a child to master reading可推断和"what is this best way to teach a child reading相对应。

79.【答案】D
【解析】根据Besides reading to them, parents can start “ear training” thei r child by playing thyme games 可推断和How you prepare a young child for reading 相对应。

80.【答案】C
【解析】根据For children who have some kind of reading difficulty you must get a professional diagnosis可推
断和What if a child has reading problems相对应。

Section D
81.【答案】younger children and adults
【解析】根据Changes in the workplace separated children from adults 和which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children 可推断应填。

younger children and adults.
82.【答案】school reform efforts and the changes in population
【解析】根据School reform efforts during the nineteenth century和the changes in population are considered a factor可推断应填school reform efforts and the changes in population.
83.【答案】In early adolescence
【解析】根据This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence 可推断应填In early adolescence.
84.【答案】They have less close supervision of parents. They manage to escape adult supervision. They are increasingly autonomous.
【解析】根据adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision可推断应填They have less close supervision of parents. They manage to escape adult supervision. They are increasingly autonomous.
第Ⅱ卷
Ⅰ.Translation
1.【答案】She began to play the violin five years ago
【解析】根据“五年前”确实时态，可知用一般过去时，注意短语play the violin
2.【答案】Owing to bad weather the flight was delayed for a couple of hours
【解析】根据提示词可知，由于译为：owing to，此处to 是介词。

注意用被动语态，因为航班被推迟。

3.【答案】Every designer hopes that his work can stand the test of time.
【解析】此句希望(hope)是谓语动词，后接宾语从句。

时态用一般现在时。

4.【答案】It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games. 【解析】此句it 是形式主语,whether引导主语从句，时态一般现在时。

短语：抵卸诱惑resist the temptation.
5.【答案】At the exhibition, the company's sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys (which that) children were looking forward to.
【解析】注意句子结构的排，“孩子们翘首以盼的”应译为定语从句。

时态用一般过去时。

Ⅱ. Guided Writing
【答案】范文：
Date：June 8, 2012
Last week, I sat in on two painting classes at a primary school. In one class a student dipped her feet in ink and made a painting out of footprints. By contrast, the same student used a brush to make a breath-taking landscape
painting—so vivid that one could almost smell the refreshing rivers and hear the chirping birds.
Though standing in stark contrast, the two paintings both intrigued me. In fact, they reminded me of what Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg said, “Keep your eyes on the stars and your feet on the ground.” It’s this maxim on success that lends insight into the two paintings. The first painting represents that we should remain grounded and be cautious of being carried away with temporary success. A kite stays afloat because it’s attached to a reel；otherwise it will instantly lose its balance before eventually crashing into the ground. So it is with us.
However, success requires more than being simply down-to-earth, with a lofty ideal being another crucial factor. So grand was the scenery portrayed in the second painting that it embodied the reach of our dreams. Instead of ignoring the gleam of light, the spark of wisdom that flashes across our mind and worshipping the luster of the sky of geniuses, we’d be better off trustin g that the gleam and the spark will one day shine as brightly as a search light if we have faith in ourselves.
The paintings taught me to dream big and act small. And I believe, by doing so, the warm light of success will cascade into my life.
11 / 11。