北京市2023届高三上学期9月入学定位考试英语试卷

北京市2022-2023学年高三上学期9月入学定位考试
英语
本试卷共12页，100分。

考试时长90分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

John Oens was an enthusiastic hunter and enjoyed being in the woods. Once into the Wisconsin wilderness in November, his team encountered something unbelievable when he checked the ___1___.
Instead of a coyote, he saw a huge timber wolf, which is on the endangered species list, trying to get free. John realized he cou ldn’t ___2___ this wolf, since the animal might die of exposure. However, he had to put his ___3___ on the line to free the creature. His heart was pounding while he prepared.
His dad ran to the truck to get a gun as a precaution and some plywood(夹板). ___4___, they could figure it out without the gun.
A little time had passed since they found the wolf, but it seemed like an eternity(永恒) to John. When his dad returned, John put the plan in motion. He ___5___ the plywood, using it as his shield(盾牌). While all that happened, his friend filmed everything. His dad was also available to fire the gun if the wolf decided to attack. They were prepared but ___6___!
John ___7___ closer and closer all the while. His dad was a reassuring sight for him. John looked at his friend for moral support, ___8___ that now was when the action started.
Finally, John freed the wolf’s paw from the trap. It took one moment for it to spin and fly away. The three men were happy because the wolf was free, and John was still safe.
When they viewed the video to see it all ___9___ later, they noticed the wolf
look at John for a brief moment before running back to the woods. Was it his way
of showing appreciation? Anyhow, John made the best _____10_____!
1. A. traps B. plans C. routes D. numbers
2. A. free B. help C. miss D. abandon
3. A. hands B. life C. mind D. hope
4. A. Hopefully B. Excitedly C. Finally D. Causally
5. A. took over B. set down C. picked up D. gave away
6. A. determined B. interested C. scared D. disappointed
7. A. checked B. inched C. rushed D. rolled
8. A. signaling B. guessing C. remembering D. deciding
9. A. develop B. unfold C. end D. record
10. A. challenge B. preparation C. choice D. discovery
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出
提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Japanese adventurer Kenichi Horie at 83 just became the oldest person in the world to complete a solo, nonstop voyage across the Pacific Ocean. Horie ____11____（return）home early last Saturday, completing his trans-Pacific solo voyage in 69 days. As he approached the harbor, Horie, standing in his boat, took off his white cap, and bowed ____12____（deep）. “Thank you for waiting! ” said Horie, ____13____ appeared tanned（晒黑的）and with his white hair longer than usual. But he said he
was ready for more and would keep up his work to be a late bloomer.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出
提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Environmental conditions make the Galapagos a unique island ecosystem.
____14____ the Galapagos Islands are located near the equator, they receive cool ocean currents, which makes for a strange type of tropical and temperate climate.
For most of their history, the islands have been extremely isolated. This
____15____(combine) of factors created a laboratory for the evolution (演变) of an unusual mix of plant and animal species. Scientists ____16____ (study) this complex ecosystem for more than 180 years. British naturalist Charles Darwin may be the most influential scientist to have visited the Galapagos Islands.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Web development and AI have been working interdependently ____17____ a while now. But to think that AI would take over web development, the idea seems quite unbelievable. AI tools have major shortcomings that keep them from independently designing and developing websites. It only services as a catalyst (催化剂)for the web development industry ____18____(save)time and physical labor when developing websites, because these tools can never measure up to the capabilities that a human ____19____(have). Therefore, instead of seeing AI as a threat, businesses should view AI as an empowering tool that can aid in everyday tasks ____20____(require)time and effort.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
What it Takes to Go from Hobbyist to Full-time Photographer Taking your photography hobby to a place where you actually make a good living takes a lot of work. But if you do it the right way, you will have a FUN, life-changing and exciting ride!
1. You have PASSION
You LOVE photography so much that it's ALL you think about. Your camera is your baby and the only thing you want for Christmas is a new lens!
2 You are WILLING to do the work
You are willing to put a minimum of 10-15 hours a week into learning, creating, and building your business.
You can build your business while you still keep your day job.
3. You LOVE to learn new things
As the owner of a photography business, you need to master a lot more than the camera. You must be willing to learn how to design your blog, run a Facebook page, connect with clients and so much more-it's an entire business and lifestyle to embrace and enjoy.
4. You know your strengths
One of the keys to success in the photography industry is to choose a niche, a passion that you combine with photography.
If you love dogs, for example, and know everything about them, you might want to consider specializing in dog portraits. If you are the master of cake baking and love decorating cakes, you might want to consider specializing in photographing pastry. The possibilities are endless!
5. Build relationships with clients AND like-minded photographers
If you truly want to grow your business, take your time to connect with people. Show your support, write comments, cheer, be positive and say "THANK YOU" when people care about you and take their time to like your work. Be nice and give people a reason to care.
6. Walk through your FEARS
The true goal is to ACT, despite the fear you are feeling. Ninety-percent of the time, fear is just thoughts running through your mind, and has nothing to do with reality.
YOU deserve the best of the best. Now go for it!
21. If you truly want to grow your business, you are supposed to ________.
A. seek support from people around
B. form positive connections with people
C. give some good reasons for your work
D. care more about your clients' new work
22. Which is necessary to build photography business according to the passage?
A. Spend your major time taking photos.
B. Make photography your full-time job.
C. Try to make full use of your advantages.
D. Get a lesson from your fearful experience.
23. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To provide information for business starters.
B. To analyze the advantages of photographing.
C. To show the basic qualities of a photographer.
D. To encourage people to take up photographing.
B
One day this early summer, Richard Browning headed to his farmyard in the English countryside. He attached a kerosene-fueled micro gas turbine(燃气涡轮)-effectively a small version of a plane engine-to each of his arms and legs. Then he carefully pressed the trigger in his right hand.
For months Browning had been working on this secret project. Now the moment of truth had arrived. In the modest surr oundings of the UK countryside, “Wiltshire’s Iron Man” took to the sky. Sort of.
Browning’s first lift-off was short and clumsy. For a few seconds, he hovered(盘旋) half a metre off the ground, landing with an uncontrolled stop as clouds of dust blew up arou nd him. But it was, unmistakably, flight. “That was the very first moment we properly proved this would work,” he says. “That was it.”
Two and a half years ago, 38-year-old Browning decided he wanted to fly. Human-powered flight was, he knew, “a very strange field”. Nonetheless, it fascinated him. He tried gliding with wings and electric fan motors, working weekends and evenings. Then he had an inspiration-what if he fastened a jet engine to his body and built a real-life version of Tony Stark’s iconic suit?
Nine months since his first test flight and Browning’s intuition has paid off. His suit is a light exoskeleton attached to six gas turbines with a combined thrust(推力) of 130 kilograms. His feet are covered by ultra-light snake-bite resistant
walking boots imported from the US. And his flights, from a few seconds, now last as long as twelve minutes.
The suit can travel at a speed of up to 450 kilometres an hour, although Browning hasn’t tested it to anywhere near full capacity. It is constantly improving. Working with a company that had created augmented reality(增强现实) swimming goggles, Browning has developed a holographic lens “genuinely like a heads-up display fighter system”. With this in place, he’ll be able to monitor his fuel levels. He’s full of plans for future enhancements: automated balancing systems; 3D-printed arm mounts; flexible LCD screens “so it will go invisible at the touch of a button”.
Browning says the suit, which he calls Daedalus after the legendary Greek inventor, is stable and simple to control. But it is an augmentation of human ability, not a personal helicopter.
“To me, that makes a lot of sense of where I’ve gone with my career and my life”, says Browning. Fulfilling an ancient dream: a fragile human body, rising slowly into the air.
24. What did Browning do in his first lift-off?
A He glided with wings. B. He wore Tony Stark’s suit.
C. He met technical problems.
D. He made an awkward landing.
25. What can we know about Browning’s suit?
A. It contains six micro gas turbines.
B. It is attached to electric fan motors.
C. It is ultra-light snake-bite resistant.
D. It has automated balancing systems.
26. According to the passage, which words can best describe Richard Browning?
A. Curious and generous.
B. Passionate and creative.
C. Cooperative and honest.
D. Ambitious and faithful.
C
Extraverts(外向型的人) are hugely sociable—they really care about their relationships, and possess outstanding social skills. Well, that’s how extraverts are generally described. But, according to new work, that’s not exactly how other
people see them. In a series of studies reported in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Francis J. Flynn at Stanford University, US and colleagues consistently found that more extraverted people are considered to be poorer listeners. Their research also reveals a likely reason why.
There is no academic agreement on what constitutes “good” listening. But, in line with some other researchers, the team conceptualises it as involving emotion-related processes, cognitive processes and also behavioural processes. In everyday life, it’s not necessarily easy to ascertain whether the person we’re talking to is really listening, however. They might be making plenty of eye contact, for example, but it’s always possible that they’re just pretending to be listening well. In this research, the tea m focused on only the participants’ perceptions of others’ listening skills.
In an earlier study, 147 first-year business students, who met weekly in groups of six to work on leadership skills, rated the listening skills of everyone else in their group. The participants then completed a scale that assessed their own extraversion. The team found that those with higher self-reported extraversion got poorer marks for listening.
However, in this study, people’s perceptions could have been influenced by the actual social relationships they had with other members of their group. So in almost all of the subsequent studies, fresh groups of participants rated the listening skills of fictional people who were described as falling at various points on the intraversion-extraversion spectrum (范围). Results from these studies supported the previous finding. Time and again, extraverted people were rated as being poorer listeners in social situations. As the team writes: “That is, despite the tendency for people to see extraverts as highly sociable, they tend to see this sociability as highly one-sided.”
An online study of 337 US-based adults suggested why this might be. Fictional people who were described as highly extraverted were also perceived to be better at controlling a nd modifying how they come across to others. “To observers, this signal of malleable self-presentation suggests that extraverts are more interested
in ‘looking the part’ than attending to what others have to say,” the team writes.
It would be really interesting, though, to see work on the real-world implications of this particular belief. “For example, listening has been identified as the key to successful sales,” the team notes—so perhaps it would be wise for highly extraverted sales people to try to modify their behaviour with clients.
A vast amount of research has been done on extraversion itself. “Our findings contribute to the study of extraversion by examining how people think about extraversion,” the researchers write. And for understanding conversati ons and relationships, which of course are two-way, that’s clearly important, too.
27 What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Some reasons for poor listening ability.
B. The participants’ perception of listening.
C. A common understanding of good listening.
D. Some practical skills in improving listening.
28. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Being extraverted might be an unpleasant personality.
B. Some people are afraid to assess their group members.
C. Fictional people decrease the reliability of the research.
D. Actual social relationship determines the scores of rating.
29. What does the underlined word “malleable” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Smart.
B. Flexible.
C. Consistent.
D. Stable.
30. What message does the author probably convey to extroverted people?
A. It is wise to listen more when communicating.
B. Focusing on people’s eyes makes a good speaker.
C. Rating oneself honestly helps one in social situations.
D. It is necessary to change one’s self-presentation style.
D
Outdoor lighting in gen eral poses a deadly threat to insects. That’s according to a study published online in November 2019 in the journal Biological Conservation,
entitled “Light Pollution Is a Driver of Insect Declines”.
The article notes that sudden drops in insect numbers around the world have happened over the past couple of decades in what amounts to an insect destruction. The blame is usually assigned to “habitat loss, chemical pollution, invasive species, and climate change”. But the authors argue that the forces of light ness have not gotten their due.
A longtime preference among ecologists for studying daytime phenomena, and a preference for sleeping at night has led insect conservationists to overlook another widespread habitat disturbance, pollutant, and method of insect control: artificial light at night(ALAN).
ALAN’s influence occurs through its interference with the development, movement, foraging, and reproductive success of diverse insect species. Another factor is light’s positive effect on insectivore predation. T hat is, birds, bats, amphibians and arachnids aren’t stupid-if a lot of insects start swirling around lights in the night, predators will also show up.
Sadly, ALAN increases sharply after Thanksgiving, as many people add festive illumination(照明) to the exterior of their houses to celebrate the approach of Christmas. Many neighborhoods have a particular house that embraces the spirit of the season in such an outsized way as to produce a radiant haze perhaps visible to hunters in other star systems.
The task then must be to lessen the ecological consequences of ALAN on insects while still maintaining sufficient levels of nighttime illumination for human safety and enjoyment.
“Monochromatic LEDs can be engineered to produce light of any desired spectral composi tion,” the investigators write. “Therefore, once we know the specific wavelength affinities of insects, we can in theory design lights with minimal output in the wavelengths that most affect insect fitness.”
Turning some of the lights off might also help. In many cases, it is far easier, quicker, and cheaper to block, dim, or turn off a light source than it is to find the particular bulb type or narrow bandpass filter(滤波器) that makes its emissions
visible to humans alone. Help end the war on insects. It is better to blow out one candle than to curse the planet.
31. We can know from Paragraph 2 that ________.
A. lights are to blame for insect decrease
B. lightness hasn’t got the attention it deserves
C. lightness hasn’t caused environmental problems
D. the dying out of insects is too slow to be noticed
32. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Most insects enjoy the lights at night.
B. Birds and bats cannot hunt without light.
C. Lights in the night make insects easily caught.
D Lights in the night has positive effect on insects.
33. What solution is proposed in the passage?
A. To make lights only visible to human.
B To use candles instead of light bulbs at night.
C. To reduce light resource by turning off some lights.
D. To change the light bulbs into ones with special light.
34. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The importance of light to insects
B. The main causes of insects’ decrease
C. To light, or to candle, that is the question
D. Too much illumination is killing vital insects
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

What Does Your Handwriting Say About You?
Why do some people have better handwriting than others? Does it reflect your personality? Graphologists(笔记学者) believe your handwriting speaks volumes about your personality.
A study by graphologists says: “Graphology is a discipline used in the
determination, study, and interpretation of a person’s personality with the aid of spaces, curves, strokes in a handwritten text. ____35____ It expresses various personality traits, like how honest a person is, how afraid the person is, etc.”
Some graphologists believe that a right slant(倾斜) in your writing could mean you are outgoing and open to new things, but a left slant could mean the opposite-that you like to be alone. Writing with no slant can mean that you’re logical, practical person, not outwardly emotional.
Large letters may suggest a big personality and that you seek attention, while small letters mean the opposite. ____36____
People who write with big loops(圈) when joining the letter L to another letter are thought to be relaxed and spontaneous, whereas a loopless L means the opposite, you’re seen as tense. ____37____
Space between letters can also determine characteristics. Spaced out letters suggest that you don’t like to be crowded and like your space. Close letters can mean you get lonely easily and enjoy being around people most of the time-you might also fail to give others enough space.
____38____ With computers and iPhones, many type everything. Handwriting is often used recreationally for things, such as personal notes, song writing, and journaling.
There is no problem i n taking pride in your handwriting, whether it’s good or not. ____39____ If you’re the only one who is going to read your notes, it’s understandable to write however carelessly you want, as long as you can read them. If you’re writing for others, you might want to make sure everything is neat and easy to read.
If you hate your handwriting, don’t worry, you can always change it.
A. Good and bad can be interpreted differently, of course.
B. Medium sized letters might mean you’re perhaps well adjusted.
C. As l ong as your writing satisfies its purpose, you’re in business.
D. Some people have handwriting so beautiful that it’s almost like art.
E. The same is said for the eye of the letter ‘e’-the bigger the loop, the more
open you are.
F. According to graphology, handwriting is nothing but an expression of the subconscious mind.
G. Although handwriting is a basic action for most, this generation probably doesn’t get as much practice as previous ones.
第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

The Best Response to Criticism
When someone criticizes you, your natural reaction is mostly to feel bad about it or defend yourself. If you lack confidence or if you have no clear opinion about yourself, you may also feel pain and even accept the criticism as true. Living in this world, we have to deal with the opinions of others and keep ourselves safe from their negativity.
Sometimes, you will face genuine criticism from others. If you are too caught up in defensive attitude and not being open minded, you may not receive the criticism well and may not perceive the truth in it. When you are criticized, remember that your opinion of yourself is probably more genuine than the opinion of another who does not know you as much as you know about you.
Yet, we give so much importance to what others say and what they think about us. It is natural because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least respected and acknowledged for who we are. The truth is, in many respects, criticism is a reflection of the person who indulges in it rather than you. A critic’s criticism reveals more about him and his judgment rather than the object of his criticism.
Criticism is a personal opinion of the critic. It very much depends upon the person, his or her thinking, beliefs, knowledge, attitude and values. It is a product of his worldview, upbringing, values, beliefs, likes and dislikes, knowledge and ignorance. It also depends upon his relationship and attitude towards the person
for whom the criticism is intended.
A criticism which is not based upon true discernment（识别能力）and purity of perception and judgment should not be considered true criticism. You can ignore it or use it to know the people who criticize.
Every criticism helps you know about you or those who engage in it. Use it to improve yourself or your relationships. If you understand this truth, you will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.
40. According to this passage, what is the natural reaction when one gets criticized? __________________________________________________
41. Why do we give so much importance to what others say and what they think about us?
__________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Since every criticism is a personal opinion of the critic, it is not helpful for us.
__________________________________________________
43. How do you usually respond to criticism?（In about 40 words）
__________________________________________________
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你与英国笔友Jim经常在线交流学习，请你给他写一封信，内容包括：
1. 你的学习感受及原因；
2. 你对后续交流学习的期望。

注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. C 【答案】11. returned
12. deeply 13. who
【答案】14. Although##Though##While
15. combination
16. have studied##have been studying
【答案】17. for
18. to save
19. has 20. requiring
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B
【答案】27. C 28. A 29. B 30. A
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D
【答案】35. F 36. B 37. E 38. G 39. C
【答案】40. The natural reaction when one gets criticized is to feel bad about it or defend oneself.
41. Because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least respected and acknowledged for who we are.
42. Since every criticism is a personal opinion of the critic, it is not helpful for us.
1) According to the passage, every criticism helps us know about us or those who engage in it. (If we understand this truth, we will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.)
2) According to the passage, a criticism which is based upon true discernment and purity of perception and judgment is helpful.
43. I would respond differently to different criticism. I would take true criticism seriously and take it as a chance to make myself better. However, I would ignore the criticism that is meant to hurt. 【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m willing to share my feelings and harvests with you about our online learning so far.
I really love this study pattern. We share learning materials with each other and answer questions to dispel our misgivings, which help me work efficiently. Moreover, I become autonomous and confident. The reciprocal cooperation between us has been developed well, thus
inspiring my passion about learning.
I sincerely hope we can keep on communicating online. I’ve come up with some initial ideas like drawing mind maps and having online meetings regularly. I believe these will help review what we have learnt and improve our logic.
Wish you a meaningful and happy study life.
Yours,
Li hua。