2019高考英语（西安）阅读理解（1）及解析或解析（11月）

2019⾼考英语（西安）阅读理解（1）及解析或解析（11⽉）
2019⾼考英语（西安）阅读理解（1）及解析或解析（11
⽉）
阅读理解、专题训练(**)、如何做好推理判断题(3)
◆⽅法点拨
做推理判断题时注重从推出未知，但在推理过程中千万不要主观臆断，掺杂⾃⼰的观点。

◆活学活⽤
根据所学技巧，完成以下读写任务
Theautomobilehasmanyadvantages.Aboveall，itofferspeoplefreedomtogowhereverandwhenevertheywanttogo.Thebasicpurp
oseofamotorvehicleistogetfrompointAtopointBascheaply，quickly，andsafelyaspossible.However，tomostpeople，carsarealsopersonalfantasymachinesthatserveassymbolsofpower，success，speed，excitemen Inaddition，muchoftheworld'seconomyisbuiltonproducingmotorvehiclesandsupplyingroa ds，services，andrepairsforthosevehicles.Halfoftheworld'spaychecksareautorelated.In
theUnitedStates，oneofeverysixdollarsspentandoneofeverysixnon-
farmjobsareconnectedtotheautomobileorrelatedindustries，suchasoil，steel，rubber，plastics，automobileservices，andhighwayconstruction.
Inspiteoftheiradvantages，motorvehicleshavemanyharmfuleffectsonhumanlivesandonair，water，land，andwildliferesources.Theautomobilemaybethemostdestructivemachineeveri
nvented.Thoughwetendtodenyit，ridingincarsisoneofthemostdangerousthingswedoinourdailylives.
Since1885，whenKarlBenzbuiltthefirstautomobile，almost18millionpeoplehavebeenkilledbymotorvehicles.Everyyear，carsandtrucksworldwidekillanaverageof250,000people－asmanyaswerekilledintheatomicbombattacksonHiroshimaandNagasaki－andinjureorpermanentlydisabletenmillionmore.Halfoftheworld'speoplewil lbeinvolvedinanautoaccidentatsometimeduringtheirlives.
Sincetheautomobilewasintroduced，almostthreemillionAmericanshavebeenkilledonthehighways－abouttwicethenumberofAmericanskilledonthebattlefieldinallU、
S.wars.Inadditiontothetragiclossoflife，theseaccidentscostAmericansocietyabout$60billionannuallyinlostincomea ndininsurance(保险)，administrative(⾏政的)，andlegalexpenses. Streetsthatusedtobeforpeoplearenowforcars.Pedestriansandpeoplerid ingbicyclesinthestreetsaresubjectedtonoise，pollution，stress，anddanger. Motorvehiclesarethelargestsourceofairpollution，producingahazeofsmogovertheworld'scities.IntheUnitedStates，theyproduceatleast50%ofthecountry'sairpollution.
Ⅰ.根据短⽂，写⼀篇30～50词左右的摘要
_________________________________________________________________ _______
_________________________________________________________________ _______
Ⅱ.根据所读短⽂，选出最正确答案
1、Carsrepresentpeople's________.
A、occupation
B、identity
C、lifestyle
D、fame
2、Accordingtothepassage，theaveragenumberofpeoplekilledannuallyintrafficaccidentsaroundtheworl dis__________________________________________________________________ ______.
A、18million
B、250,000
C、halfoftheworld'spopulation
D、60million
3、Aseriousenvironmentalproblemresultingfromautomobilesis________.
A、tragiclossoflife
B、trafficjams
C、airpollution
D、mentalstress
4、
Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatautomobiles________________________ ________________________________________________.
A、areanimportantpartoftheworld'seconomy
B、arebecominglessdangerous
C、willproducelessairpollutioninthefuture
D、arekillingmorepeopleinrecentyearsthaninthepast
5、Thetitlethatsuitsthepassagebestis________.
A、AutomobileandEconomy
B、AutomobileandtheEnvironment
C、TheProblemswiththeAutomobile
D、AdvantagesandDisadvantagesoftheAutomobile
参考答案
Ⅰ
Automobileshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Theycangetpeopleany
whereandbringthemgoodfeelings，aswellasjobopportunities.Butinthemeantime，theykillandinjurepeople，costalotofmoneyandpollutetheearthweliveon.
Ⅱ
1～5：BBCAD
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社会⽣活类---〔⼀〕[2018·宁夏六校联考]
In1986，whenCarloPetrinifirstcoinedtheterm“SlowFood，”heorganizedlocallyinhisnativeItalytopreservethefoodandwinecultureandp rotestfastfood.
Today,slowfoodhasspreadto132countrieswithover85,000members,addres singworldwideissueslikefarmerequityandenvironmental_stewardship—theactionspeopletaketorespecttherightsofalllivingthingsandallenvironm ents,tocontributetohealthyandlivablecommunities.
CharacterizedbySlowFoodInternationalas“good,clean,andfairfood，”slowfoodmustenrichtheeaters'life，havenonegativeimpactonhumanorenvironmentalhealth，andcompensatefairlyforfoodproducers'work. TheaverageAmericanmealtravelsabout1,500milestoitsfinaldestination ,withproducingoffoodtravelingbyplanefromoverseasandotheritemsshippeda crossthecountry.
However，costforfoodtravelandheavyprocessingarenottheonlyproblemsinthefoodindu strythattheenvironmentfaces.Industrialagriculturealsohasunsustainable practiceslikeinefficientwateruseanddecreasedbiodiversity.Ourideasinfe edingourselvesareexceptional,butatvariouspointsourtechnologiescomeint
oconflictwithnature'swaysofdoingthings.Agreatmanyofthehealthandenviro nmentalproblemscreatedbyourfoodsystemowetoourattemptstooversimplifyna
turescomplexities,atboththegrowingandtheeatingendsofourfoodchain.
“Slowing”
food,bypurchasinglocallyandsustainably,allowsconsumerstoreducetheimpa ctof“foodmiles”anddevelopacloserrelationshipwiththeirfoodproducers.“Weneedtochangeourfoodsystem，”saidDavidPrior,organizerofSlowFoodNationEat-In.“Ourcurrentfoodsystemissickandweneedtosupportfarmersandagricultureto ensurethateveryonehastherighttonutritiousfood.”
36、Themainideaofthepassagecanbesummarizedas________.
A、whyslowfoodissoimportant
B、thefoodandwinecultureisrichinItaly
C、whatyou'reeatingalwaystravelsalongway
D、slowfoodmakesthecurrentfoodsystemsick
37、Accordingtothesecondparagraph,“environmentalstewardship”refersto________.
A、measuresofenvironmentalprotections
B、waystoestablishhealthyandlivablecommunities
C、people'sadmirationforallthecreaturesontheearth
D、actionstoprotecttherightsofalllivingthingsandenvironment
38、Slowfood'scharacteristicdoesn'tliein________.
A、improvingthequalityofeaters'life
B、providingafairpayforfoodworkers
C、beingfriendlytohumanandenvironmentalhealth
D、developingalooserelationshipwithfoodproducers
39、WhatisDavidPrior'sattitudetowardscurrentfoodsystem?
A、Suspicious.
B、Unsatisfied.
C、Indifferent.
D、Supportive.
【要点综述】本⽂的作者告诉我们，如果想吃得更健康、更营养，那就提倡“慢⾷物”吧！
36、A主旨⼤意题。

本⽂主要探讨“慢⾷物”的重要性，以及“慢⾷物”给⼈们带来的好处，故答案选A项。

37、D细节理解题。

从第⼆段中的“environmentalstewardship—theactionspeopletaketorespecttherightsofalllivingthingsandallenvironm ents”可知，环境管理(environmentalstewardship)的内容就是“破折
号”后的解释，即“⼈们尊重所有⽣物和环境的权利的⾏动”，故D项正确。

38、D细节理解题。

从第三段可知，“慢⾷物运动”的特⾊就在于改善饮⾷者的饮⾷质量；不对⼈类健康和环境卫⽣产⽣副作⽤；给⾷物供应商以合理的报酬。

D项那么没有提到，故答案选D项。

39、B推理判断题。

从最后⼀段DavidPrior所说的话可知，他认为当前的⾷物系统很糟糕，需要改进，所以他的态度应该是不满意的(unsatisfied)。

A 项表⽰“怀疑的”；C项表⽰“漠不关⼼的”；D项表⽰“⽀
持的”，都不符合语境。

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B
PeanutstoThis
Proudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,onlytofindmyclassmate sbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.Confused,Iglancedtow ardmystone-
facedteacher.Havingnochoice,IslowlyraisedthereportIhadslavedover,hopi ngtohidemyself.“Whatcouldbecausingeveryonetoactthisway？”
Quickly,IflashedbacktothedayMissLancelotgavemethetask.Thiswasthef irstrealtaskIreceivedinmynewschool.Itseemedsimple:goontheInternetandf indinformationaboutamannamedGeorgeWashington.Sincemyideaofhistorycame fromanancientteacherinmyhomecountry,Ihadneverheardofthatnamebefore.As
Isearchedthenameofthisfellow,itbecameevidentthatthereweretwopeoplebea ringthesamenamewholookedcompletelydifferent!Oneinventedhundredsofuses
forpeanuts,whiletheotherledsomesortofarmyacrossAmerica.Istaredatthesc reen,wonderingwhichonemyteachermeant.Icalledmygrandfatherforagoldenpi eceofadvice:flip(掷)acoin.Heads—thecommander,andtails—thepeanutsguy.Ah!Tails，myreportwouldbeaboutthegreatmanwhoinventedpeanutbutter,GeorgeWashingt onCarver.
Weekslater,standingbeforethisunfriendlymass,Iwastotallylost.Ohwel l,Iloweredthepaperandsatdownatmydesk,burningtofindoutwhatIhaddonewron
g.Asaclassmatebeganhisreport,itallbecameclear，“MyreportisonGeorgeWashington,themanwhostartedtheAmericanRevolution.”
Thewholeworldbecamequiet!HowcouldIknowthatshemeantthatGeorgeWashingto n?
Obviously,mygradewasawful.Heartbrokenbutfearless,Idecidedtoturnth
isaround.ItalkedtoMissLancelot,butsheinsisted:Nore-
dos;nonewgrade.Ifeltthatthepunishmentwasnotjustified,andIbelievedIdes ervedasecondchance.Consequently,Ithrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkforther
estoftheschoolyear.Tenmonthslater,thatchanceunfoldedasIfoundmyselfsit tingintheheadmaster'sofficewithmygrandfather,nowhavinganentirelydiffe
rentconversation.Ismiledandflashedbacktotheembarrassingmomentatthebeg inningoftheyearastheheadmasterinformedmeofmyopiniontoskipthesixthgrad
e.Justiceissweet!
60、Whatdidtheauthor'sclassmatesthinkabouthisreport?
A、Controversial.
B、Ridiculous.
C、Boring.
D、Puzzling.
61、Whywastheauthorconfusedaboutthetask?
A、HewasunfamiliarwithAmericanhistory.
B、Hefollowedtheadviceandflippedacoin.
C、Heforgothisteacher'sinstruction.
D、Hewasnewattheschool.
62、Theunderlinedword“burning”inPara.3probablymeans________.
A、annoyed
B、ashamed
C、ready
D、eager
63、Intheend,theauthorturnedthingsaround________.
A、byredoinghistask
B、throughhisownefforts
C、withthehelpofhisgrandfather
D、undertheguidanceofhisheadmaster
【要点综述】本⽂讲述了作者作为⼀个外来移民初⼊美国学校时，由于对美国历史不了解⽽闹出的⼀个笑话，但作者通过努⼒最后终于提⾼成绩并实现跳级。

60.B推理判断题。

根据第⼀段内容我们知道，由于作者对美国历史的⽆知，弄混了乔治·华盛顿的⾝份，所以同学们听了作者写的报告忍不住⼤笑起来。

“bearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.”可知⼤家觉得这个报告很荒谬。

controversial有争议的；ridiculous荒谬的，可笑的；boring⽆聊的；puzzling迷惑的，不解的。

61.A推理判断题。

根据第⼆段“Sincemyideaofhistorycamefromanancientteacherinmyhomecountry”可知，作者是从别的国家初到美国，所以对美国历史不了解⽽闹了笑话。

62.D词义猜测题。

根据全⽂表达可知，作者是通过投掷硬币来决定的答案，因此犯了常识错误。

第三段中“Iwastotallylost.”说明作者不明就⾥，所以当其他同学读报告时，作者渴望知道为什么。

annoyed 烦恼的；ashamed羞愧的；ready准备好的，情愿的；eager渴望的。

63.B细节理解题。

根据第四段
“Consequently,Ithrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyea r.”可知作者是通过throwoneselfinto(积极从事)⽽实现转变的。

所以选B。

⽂中⽼师并没有给作者机会重做，所以A错误；从祖⽗那⾥得到建议是在选择华盛顿⾝份时，所以C错误；⽽校长是在作者成绩提⾼后才接见的，所以D错误。

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故事类---[2018·浙江卷]
D
Asayoungboy,Isometimestraveledthecountryroadswithmydad.Hewasarura lmailcarrier,andonSaturdayshewouldaskmetogowithhim.Drivingthroughthec
ountrysidewasalwaysanadventure:Therewereanimalstosee,peopletovisit,an dchocolatecookiesifyouknewwheretostop,andDaddid.
Inthespring,Daddeliveredboxesfullofbabychickens,andwhenIwasaboyit wassuchfuntostickyourfingersthroughoneoftheholesoftheboxesandlettheba bybirdspeckonyourfingers.
OnDad'sfinaldayofwork,ittookhimwellintotheeveningtocompletehisrou ndsbecauseatleastonememberfromeachfamilywaswaitingattheirmailboxestot hankhimforhisfriendshipandhisyearsofservice.“Twohundredandnineteenmailboxesonmyroute，”heusedtosay,“andastoryateveryone.”
Oneladyhadnomailbox,soDadtookthemailintohereverydaybecauseshewasnearl yblind.Onceinside,hereadhermailandhelpedherpayherbills. Mailboxesweresometimesusedforthingsotherthanmail.Onenoteleftinama ilboxread,
“Nat,taketheseeggstoMarian;she'sbakingacakeanddoesn'thaveanyeggs.”Mailboxesmightbeburiedinthesnow,orbroken,orlyingontheground,butthemai
lwasalwaysdelivered.OncolddaysDadmightfindoneofhiscustomerswaitingfor himwithacupofhotchocolate.Ayounggirlwrotelettersbuthadnostamps,soshel eftafewbuttonsontheenvelopeinthemailbox;Dadpaidforthestamps.Onebusine ssmanusedtoleavelargeamountsofcashinhismailboxforDadtotaketothebank.O nce,theamountcameto$32,000. Adozenyearsago,whenItraveledbacktomyhometownonthesadoccasionofDad 'sdeath,themailboxesalongthewayremindedmeofsomeofhisstories.IthoughtI knewthemall,butthatwasn'tthecase. AsIdrovehome,Inoticedtwolamppoles,oneoneachsideofthestreet.Whenmy dadwasaround,thosepolessupportedwoodenboxesaboutfourfeetofftheground.
Oneboxwaspaintedgreen,andtheotherwasred,andeachhadalongnarrowholeatth etopwithwhitelettering:SANTACLAUS,NORTHPOLE.Foryearschildrenhaddroppe dletterstoSantathroughthoseholes. Imadeaturnatthecorneranddrovepastthepostofficeandacrosstherailroa dtrackstoourhouse.MomandIweresittingatthekitchentablewhenIheardfootst
eps.There,atthedoor,stoodFrankTownsend,Dad'spostmasterandgreatfriendf ormanyyears.Soweallsatdownatthetableandbegantotellstories. AtonepointFranklookedatmewithtearsinhiseyes.“WhatarewegoingtodoaboutthelettersthisChristmas？”heasked.
“Theletters？”
“Iguessyouneverknew.”
“Knewwhat？”
“Remember,whenyouwereakidandyouusedtoputyourletterstoSantainthos
egreenandredboxesonMainStreet?Itwasyourdadwhoansweredallthoseletterse veryyear.”
Ijustsattherewithtearsinmyeyes.Itwasn'thardformetoimagineDadsitti ngattheoldoaktableinourbasementreadingthoselettersandansweringeachone
.IhavesincespokenwithseveralofthepeoplewhoreceivedChristmaslettersdur ingtheirchildhood,andtheytoldmehowamazedtheywerethatSantahadknownsomu chabouttheirhomesandfamilies.
Forme,justknowingthatstoryaboutmyfatherwasthegiftofalifetime.
55.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthewriterregardedhistravelswi thDadas________.
A.greatchancestohelpotherpeople
B.happyoccasionstoplaywithbabychickens
C.excitingexperienceswithalotoffun
D.goodopportunitiestoenjoychocolatecookies
56.Thewriterprovidesthedetailaboutthebusinessmantoshowthat_______ _.
A.Dadhadastrongsenseofduty
B.Dadwasanhonestandreliableman
C.Dadhadastrongsenseofhonor
D.Dadwasakindandgenerousman
57.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingimpressedthewritermos t?
A.Dadreadlettersforablindladyforyears.
B.Dadpaidforthestampsforayounggirl.
C.DaddeliveredsomeeggstoMarian.
D.Dadansweredchildren'sChristmasletterseveryyear.
58.ThemethodthewriterusestodevelopParagraph4is________.
A.offeringanalyses
B.providingexplanations
C.givingexamples
D.makingcomparisons
59.Whatsurprisedthechildrenmostwhentheyreceivedlettersinreplyfrom SantaClauseveryyear?
A.SantaClauslivedaloneinthecoldNorthPole.
B.SantaClausansweredalltheirletterseveryyear.
C.SantaClaushaduniquemailboxesforthechildren.
D.SantaClaushadsomuchinformationabouttheirfamilies.
60.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TheMail
B.ChristmasLetters
C.SpecialMailboxes
D.MemorableTravels
【要点综述】这是⼀篇感⼈的表达亲情的⽂章，在这⾥，⽗亲是⼀个乡村送信⼈，这么多年来他都⽆私地为219个信箱服务，⼀直到他退休。

但让作者没有料到的是，⽗亲还在每年圣诞节的时候扮演着圣诞⽼⼈的⾓⾊，默默地回复着孩⼦们写给圣诞⽼⼈的信。

55.C推理判断题。

从全⽂第⼀段提到的…
alwaysanadventure:Therewereanimalstosee…知，作者认为与⽗亲⼀起去乡下
送信是⼀件惬意的事情，因为在路上碰到的事情令⼈激动不已，所以选C项。

56.B推理判断题。

从⽂章第四段…Onebusinessmanusedtoleave…theamountcameto$32,000.知，商⼈认为⽗亲是⼀个诚实且值得信赖的⼈，所以他才会这么相信他，让他把数⽬很多的钱送往银⾏，由此知B项为最正确答案。

57.D细节理解题。

从⽂章最后⼏段可以看出，作者没有想到的是，⽗亲竟然还曾扮演过圣诞⽼⼈的⾓⾊，给孩⼦们回信，这⼤⼤出乎他的意料。

这也可以从倒数第⼆段Ijustsattherewithtearsinmyeyes.可以看出，我对⽗亲的这种⾏为感到⾮常吃惊和感动，由此选D项。

58.C⽂章结构题。

从第四段知，作者在这⾥举到了⼏个事例，如帮⼈送鸡蛋，帮⼩姑娘⽀付邮票，甚⾄帮⼀个商⼈去存钱等等，这些都是例⼦，所以该段举了很多事例来说明⽗亲平凡中的“伟⼤”，应选C 项。

59.D推理判断题。

从倒数第⼆段…andtheytoldmehowamazedtheywerethat…推断知，当时⼩朋友们对于圣诞⽼⼈居然这么了解他们的家庭⽣活感到⾮常吃惊，所以答案选D项。

60.A主旨⼤意题。

从全⽂知，本⽂作者主要讲述了⾃⼰的⽗亲，⼀个平凡中显现伟⼤的送信⼈的故事，所以⽤A项能较好地概括全⽂中⼼，这⾥⽤TheMail 来突出⽗亲的⼯作和他的敬业，故A项最正确。

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