2019外研版高中英语选择性必修四Unit5 高频词汇课件

词汇拓展
运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage, destroy和ruin。
damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、
seriously等副词搭配；
destroy 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、
entirely等副词搭配；
ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍
练习
从方框中选择合适的单词填空。 ruin damage destroy
1. The bus was badly __d_a_m__a_g_e_d_____ when it hit the wall. 2. The building was completely ___d_e_s_tr_o_y_e_d____ by fire. 3. It poured with rain and my dress got __r_u_in_e_d________. 4. This illnesss has ____r_u_in_e_d_____ my life. 5. Ninety percent of their island was __d_e_s_t_ro_y_e_d____ and they had nothing. (2012 山东) 6. The homeless shelter was entirely __d_e_s_tr_o_y_e_d____ in the huge earthquake.
used or no longer exists
② 消灭；杀死：
• The building was completely destroyed by fire.
• The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.
destroy = de- (down) + struere (build) 破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑。
• I'm going─I've done enough damage here already.我要走了——我
在这里造成的损害已经够大了。
记忆技巧：dama 征服 +〔= a〕ge 行为的结果 → 征服就意味着对另一
方的毁坏 → 毁坏
词汇拓展
destroy vt.
侧重 “毁”， 无法修复
① 毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be
精准释义
① vt. 糟蹋；（完全地）毁坏 to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.
② vt. 使破产 to make sb lose all his / her money ③ n. [U] 毁灭；破产 ④ n. [C]［常用复数］废墟；遗迹；残余
If she loses the court case it will ruin her.
词汇拓展
意大利的古罗马废墟 (the ruins of Rome)，位于斗兽场之旁，是昔日古罗马帝国的中 心，是现存世界最大面积的古罗马废墟。 这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑，虽然毁坏严重，残破不 堪，却是人类建筑史上的杰作。它的形状很像今天的体育场，近50米高的外围墙是 用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊，周围有80个出入口，里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5 万名观众。
词块例句
lay / be in ruins成废墟；严重受损
ruin
fall into ruin（因无人照料而）衰落；败落 (go to ruin)
financial ruin经济崩溃
• The bad weather ruined our trip.天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。
• That one mistake ruined his chances of getting the job.正是这个错
④ n. [C] [常用复数] 废墟；遗迹；残余
in ruins 成废墟；严重受损：the ruins of Rome
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
Don’t let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.
• burial [ˈberiəl] n. 埋葬;葬礼 • 复数： burials
高考链接
该词在历年高考真题中出现17次 1. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep
ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.(高考 北京卷 2019 阅读） 2. This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.(高考 湖南卷 2015 阅读) 3. In the back country, bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterway.(高考 江苏卷 2015 阅读)
练习
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city ___b_u_r_ie_d____ (bury) deep in the jungle. 2. Rubbish ___b_u_r_ie_d_____ (bury) in landfills（垃圾填埋场）is cut off from the surrounding environment. 3. Your letter __g_o_t_/_w__a_s_b_u__ri_e_d___ (bury) under a pile of papers.
• The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $6 million.
地震造成大约600万元的财产损失。
• He was ordered to pay damages totalling £30 000.他被责令支付总
额为3万英镑的损害赔偿金。
disease spreading.
• The dog buried the bone in the ground.
• He buried his face in his hands.
• be buried in / bury oneself in ：
• As you know, I’m still buried in books at the school you are so
of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.(高考 浙江卷 2020 阅 读) 2. Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?(高考 全国卷II 2020 阅读)
词汇拓展
damage
① n. [U] 损害；损坏；损失 harm or injury caused when sth is or
spoiled ② n. [C] [复数] 损害赔偿金 ③ vt. 损害；损坏：(名词动化）
侧重 “损”， 可修复
• Don’t damage your health for a good figure.
词汇拓展
“被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？
The rain ruined my hair.
头发还在，只是“美 好的发型”被毁了。
在这里，理解英语释义也很重要。 ◆ destroy: to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists ◆ ruin: to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.
词汇拓展
do / cause damage to造成损失
damage
serious/severe/extensive/permanent/minor damage 重大的 / 严重的 / 大范围的 / 永久性的 / 轻微的损坏
• The storm didn't do much damage.暴风雨并未造成严重损失。
误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。
• My new shoes got ruined in the mud.我的新鞋被泥浆给糟蹋了。
• The bank stepped in to save the company from financial ruin. 银行
的介入使这家公司免于经济崩溃。
词汇拓展
• ruined adj.［只用于名词前］毁坏了的；严重受损的
Unit 5 高频词汇学习
bury v. bury
导入 详情 练习
词
源
精准释义 词块例句 词汇拓展
高考链接
bury [ˈberi] v.
导入
看图，想一想 bury是什么意 思呢？
不要埋葬你的失败，让它们激励你。
导入
看图猜词义 The girl is burying herself in books.
埋头读书
词源
基本义：埋；隐喻：埋 (葬) 尸体 → “埋”物体，使其不被发现 → 遮盖 / 掩盖
精准释义
① vt. 埋葬 ② vt. 埋藏；掩藏；遮盖
词块例句
bury
be buried in 埋头于；专心致志于 bury oneself in埋头于；专心致志于
• We needed to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop
ruin n.&v. ruin
导入 详情 练习
词
源
精准释义 词块例句 词汇拓展
高考链接
ruin [ruːɪn] n.&v.
导入
看图，想一想ruin是什么意思呢？
词源
ruin 破坏，毁坏 来自拉丁语 ruina,倒塌，毁坏，来自 ruere,倒塌，崩塌，来自 PIE*reue,击，打，撕开，词源 同 rag,rough.字母 g 脱落，比较 regulate,rule.
练习
二、根据所给词块，将下列句子译成英语。 她自从考试不及格后，就埋头学习。(bury oneself in) Since her failure in the exam, ___s_h_e_’_s_b_u_r_ie_d__he_r_s_e_lf_i_n_h_e_r_s_t_u_d_ie_s_______.
词汇拓展

ruin
① vt. 糟蹋；(完全地) 毁坏 to damage sth so badly that it loses all
its value, pleasure, etc.
② vt. 使破产 to make sb lose all his / her money
③ n. [U] 毁灭；破产
然存在。
头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、 烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了 ，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到 大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。
高考链接
该词在历年高考真题中出现19次 1. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each
familiar with.
近义表达：put one’s heart into, focus on, concentrate on, be absorbed in
词汇拓展
• 记忆技巧：1. *burg- / *bourg- 'protect, fortress' (whence also bury), a variant of *berg- (source of English barrow 'mound' and German berg 'mountain, hill') and *borg- (source of English borrow). 2. *burg- => bury. 与 burrow 等单词同源。