新课标英语选修6重点短语自我修改部分

新课标英语选修6重点短语、句子汇总
U1
1.abstract
1) adj.深奥的，抽象的
Astronomy is an abstract subject. 天文学是一门深奥的学科。

2）V.
○1“提炼” “抽取”
Salt can be abstract ed from sea water.盐是从海水中提取出来的。

3）n. in the abstract 抽象地，理论上
an abstract of a lecture一个演讲的摘要
2. Would you rather have Chinese or Western-style paintings in your home?
would rather do sth情愿做….
would rather sb did sth情愿sb做…
情愿做….而不愿意做…：
would rather do sth than do sth
= would do sth rather than do sth
= prefer to do sth rather than do sth
= prefer doing sth to doing sth
I would rather stay at home today. 我今天宁愿待在家里。

I would rather you came here tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。

I would rather you hadn’t told me about it yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没
有告诉我关于它。

我宁愿跟你走而不愿意待在这里：
I would rather go with you than stay here.
I would go with you rather than stay here.
I prefer to go with you rather than stay here.
I prefer going with you to staying here.
3.faith n. 信任,信仰faithful adj. 忠诚的faithfully adv. 忠诚地
break one's faith with sb. 对某人不守信用
keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信
have faith in相信, 信任in good faith老实地；诚恳地4. consequently adv. 所以，因此
Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it.
福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。

It rained that day and ___ the baseball game was called off.
A. however
B. still
C. so
D. consequently
consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的
as a consequence/result = in consequence = so
consequence n. 结果
as a consequence/result of = because of
5.aim 1）n.
○1(C) 目标
without aim 无目的的/ 无目标的achieve one’s aim
miss one’s aim 打不中目标
○2(U) 对准, 瞄准take aim at
sb/ sth’s aim is to do ……的目标是….
The governor’s aim is to increase citizens’ income.
2）v. ○1(以枪等) 对准,瞄准aim at
take aim at the target= aim at the target 瞄准靶子
He aimed his gun at the tiger, fired but missed it.
aimless a. 无目标的，无目的的
○2打算,计划, 以……为目标, 立志做……
aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准, 力求做到,力争达到
6. conventional adj.(traditional)常规的，通常的，传统的;受俗套束
缚的，按习惯办事的，陈旧的,形式上的
conventional weapons 常规武器 a conventional design 传统图案conventional opinions 旧观念
7 .typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的(representative)
a typical character 典型人物
8. It is evident (obvious) (to sb) that …..
It's evident that you are tired. 显然你累了。

in evidence = evident 明显的
9.realistic 现实主义的,逼真的,现实的
real adj. 真的realize v. 实现
in a more realistic way 以一种更逼真的形式
realism现实主义idealism realist现实主义者
terrorism 恐怖主义terrorist 恐怖分子
Socialism 社会主义socialist 社会主义者
10. adopt vt.
1.采取;采纳;吸收adopt her suggestion 采纳她的建议
2.过继,收养[(+as)] Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。

adopted adj. 被收养的，被采用的adopted child
11.possess 用作动词时，不能用于进行时。

有多种不同的含义：1）“有，拥有”。

如：
The library possesses a number of the artist’s early works. 图书馆里藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。

2）“具有……的特质”。

常见搭配有be possessed of sth，意为“具有某种品质或特征”。

如：
He is possessed of great natural ability. 他很有天赋。

3）“支配，控制”。

如：
He was possessed by the desire to be rich.
Possession ○1【c】财产，所有物（常用复数）
personal possessions个人财产
○2【u】占有，拥有
take possession of 占领，夺取come into possession of 占有
in possession of (表主动）占有
in the possession of （表被动）…被占有
He is in ~ of the house. 他拥有这套房子。

The house is in the ~ of him. 这套房子在他的占有之下.
12.convince vt. “使确信；使信服”
convince sb. to do sth=convince sb of sth.说服某人做…
Convince sb that使某人确信某事
He convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我确信他的真诚。

I was convinced that he was sincere.
13.a great/ good deal 大量; 大量
Ever since the reform and opening, China has changed a great deal. (adv.修饰v.)
A great deal has been studied and this is considered the best way to solve the difficult problem.(n.)
He ran a great deal faster than me.(修饰比较级)
a great/good deal of为adj，修饰[U]
A great deal of money was spent on the project. 那个项目花费了大量金钱。

1）修饰可数名词：
many a few
a good/great many
A great many buildings have been built along the street.
a large/ big/ great/ / small number of
Many a +单数名词
More than one +单数名词
2）修饰不可数名词：
much
a good/great deal of
a large amount of (谓语动词用单数)
large amounts of (谓语动词用复数)
3）修饰可数和不可数名词
a lot of/lots of
plenty of
a large quantity of (谓语动词用单数)
large quantities of (谓语动词用复数)
13.The impressionists were the first artists to paint outdoors.
He is always the last one to leave the classroom.
14.shadow
1)n.影子
The willow’s shadow falls on the lake.垂柳的影子倒映在湖面上。

对比：sit in the shade of a tree.树荫
15. controversial
Adj.有争议的，引起争论的
He became a controversial figure in the world of politics.
他成为世界政坛上的一位有争议的人物。

n. controversy [ 'k?ntr?,v?:si ]争论；论战；辩论
16.scores of 很多
Scores of people attended the special performance.
score =20
A score of people were present at the party. 有20个人参加了聚
Two score of those people wanted to fly there. 那些人中有40人想乘飞机
17.attempt v.尝试，企图
v.①企图，试图；努力
②试图，尝试：努力去执行，做或完成
attempt to do企图做
attempt to do/doing = try to do/doing
n. ○1企图或努力○2袭击；攻击
an attempt on someone's life.对某人生命的攻击
make an attempt to do sth
at doing sth
one’s first attempt 初次尝试
18.On the other hand
另一方面，相当于一个副词。

常与on one hand连用。

On one hand……on the other hand一方面……另一方面
On one hand, I need a computer, but on the other hand, I don’t have enough money.
at hand在手边，在附近
by hand用手的，手工的
go hand in hand with与……共同行动
19.predict
1)v.预言，预测后面加名词做宾语或接that从句/wh-从句。

2) n.prediction 预言，预测
21. figure
1) 外形;体形;人影I saw a figure in the darkness.
2) 体态;风姿She has a slender figure.
3)人物;名人He has become a figure known to everyone.
4) 数字Where did you get those figures?
22.delicate fragile
He is a delicate child.纤弱的,娇弱的，瘦弱的
Be careful with those wine cups—they are very delicate.容易的
In such a delicate situation I have to weigh my words. 需要小心处理的;微妙的;棘手的
在这样微妙的情形下,我必须权衡一下我的话。

What a delicate work of art!精妙的
delicate china.精美的瓷器
23.1)aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的;有闯劲的;侵略性的;好斗的
an aggressive salesman一干劲很大的售货员
aggressive weapons 攻击性武器
2)aggressively adv. 气势汹汹地
3)aggression n.侵略（行动）aggressor n. 侵略者
24.In the flesh活生生，本人，亲自
Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh?你见过周杰伦本人吗？flesh and blood肉体，血肉之躯
Though he is a hero, he is still flesh and blood.
Flesh-eating食肉的
25.preference - prefer
1)更加的喜爱,偏爱[U][C][(+for)]
2)偏爱的事物(或人)[C]
Which is your preference, tea or coffee?你喜欢喝哪一样,茶还是咖啡?
3)偏袒[U][(+for)]
Parents should not show preference for any one of their children.
父母不应流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。

4)优先(权);优惠权[U][C] in preference to 优先于
Have a preference for偏爱
I’d choose the small car in preference to the larger one. 我宁可选择那辆小的汽车而不要那辆大的。

26.appeal
vi. 1)呼吁,恳求appeal to sb for sth.
He appealed to me for help.
2)诉诸,求助[(+to)]
We will appeal to a variety of sources of information.
3)有吸引力,迎合爱好[W][(+to)]
appeal to sb. 吸引某人
4)【律】上诉[(+to/against)]。

Reputation n.
26. ○1名誉,名声[(+for)]
The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing. 该店买卖公平,声誉极佳。

have a reputation 享有盛名
○2好名声,声望;信誉
live up to one’s reputation 不负盛名
lose one’s reputation 失去盛名；
win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉
27. visual [ 'vizju?l ]
形容词a.
1）视力的;视觉的
Near-sightedness is a visual defect. 近视是一个视力缺陷。

2）看得见的,可被看见的;视觉的
Primary school teachers use a lot of visual aids. 小学教师使用大量的视觉教具。

28.Fragrant芬香的;馥郁的fragrance n. 香气
Love is a fragrant flower; and friendship is a sweet fruit.
爱情是一朵芳香的鲜花，友情是一颗甜美的果实。

31.Contemporary
1)adj.
○1当代的
contemporary American novelists当代美国小说家
contemporary style 现代风格
○2同时代的;同年龄的
be contemporary with 与… 同时代
2)n. [C]
○1 同时代的人;同年龄的人
He was looked down upon by his contemporaries. 他被他的同时代的
29.permanent adj.持久的；temporary 短暂的；暂时的
30.signature n. 署名签字
The teacher put her signature to a letter.老师在信件上签字。

带有……的目的
31. focus on=concentrate on 集中
32. take the place of sb. = replace 代替，取代
take one’s place 代替，取代；入座；就位
33. break away from 脱离，摆脱，放弃
34. be well worth doing 值得…(表被动)
35. every two years 每两年
every second year
every other year
36. （一句多译）这个地方值得参观。

This place is worth visiting/a visit.
This place is worthy of being visited/a visit.
This place is worthy to be visited.
It is worthwhile visiting this place/ to visit this place.
Unit 1-2复习虚拟语气
Unit 2 Poems
1. convey vt. 传达；运送；转让（财产）
couvey one`s emotions表达情感
e.g. A bus conveys passengers to the airport.
一辆公共汽车把旅客送到机场。

This song conveys to us how faithfully he loved his wife. 这首歌传达给我们他多么忠实地爱着他的妻子。

Please convey my apologize to your daughter.
请向你女儿转达我的歉意。

Words can’t convey how delighted I was.
我的欣喜无法用语言表达。

The land shouldn’t be conveyed to to Tom.
这块土地不应该转让给汤姆。

2. (sb.) run out of sth. （某人）用完某物
(sth.) run out （某物）耗尽、用完
e.g.
We are running out of petro. = Our petrol is running out.
3. be made up of = consist of = be composed of 由…组成、构成
e.g.
Animal bodies are made up of/ consist of cells. 动物的身体是由细胞组成的。

make up 构成/ 化妆/ 编造/ 和解/ 弥补
4. tease sb. (about sth.) （拿…来）取笑某人
make fun of… 取笑…；拿…开玩笑
laugh at… 嘲笑…；取笑…
play a trick on… 取笑…；戏弄…
5. day by day 一天天地，逐日地（强调逐渐变化的过程，副词性质，只用作状语）
day after day 一天天地，日复一日地（强调动作的重复，有副词或名词性质，可用作状语或主语）
e.g.
He waited day after day. 他日复一日地等待着。

It's getting colder day by day. 天气越来越冷了。

6. in particular 特别；尤其
be particular to… 对…是特有的
be particular about/over… 对…过于讲究
e.g.
The coconut is particular to the tropics. 椰子是热带特有的。

She is very paticular about/over her appearance. 她过于讲究外表。

Kathy likes fruit and bananas in particular. 凯西喜欢水果, 尤其是香蕉。

7. inspire vt. 鼓舞, 激励；赋予某人灵感; 启迪
inspired adj. 有创造力的；有雄心壮志的；品质优秀的；能力卓越的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人的,激励的,启发灵感的;使人感兴趣的
insipration n. 灵感，给人以鼓舞或启发的人/事物
His inaugural speech was very inspiring.
他的就职演说很鼓动人心。

8. hold on 等等，（电话）别挂断；抓紧不放；（困境或危险中）坚持住，挺住e.g.
Hold on for a minute, I've just got to put on my make-up.
等一会儿, 我得化装一下。

hold on to one’s dream = stick to one’s dream 坚持梦想
9. go over 复习，检查
10. make sense 有意义，说得通make no sense 无道理(Sb.) make sense of sth理解……
(Sth.) make sense to sb. 有意义，说得通
There is no sense/ point in doing… 做…… 是没有意义的
11. recite / read / explain sth. to sb. 给某人背诵/读/ 解释……
12. bow to … 向鞠躬/ 屈服
13. stay/sit up 熬夜
14. take it easy = take things easy放轻松，别紧张
take one`s time 别着急,慢慢来
15. be p opular with sb( in sp.)… = be well received by sb.… 很受欢迎
16. be brimful of = be full of … 充满
17. translate A into B把Ａ翻译成Ｂ
18. week in ,week out 一周又一周
day by day 一天又一天
19. on and on 继续不停地
20. by chance / accident 碰巧
21. (Sb. / Sth.) be likely to do sth.有可能…..
22. try out 试验try on 试穿
23. let out 泄漏/ 发出(声音) / 释放/ 放宽(衣服)
24. look forward to 盼望
II. Sentences
1. There are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Others try to convey certain emotions.
人们写诗有各种各样的原因。

有些诗是为了叙事，或描叙某事给读者以强烈的印象。

而有些是为了传达某种感情。

2. They delight small children because they have strong rhyme and rhythm and have a lot of repetition.
这些童谣能使孩子们快乐，因为它们节奏感强，又押韵，而且重复多遍。

3. We would have won if Jack had scored that goal.(对过去的虚拟)
如果杰克踢进了那个球的话，我们就赢了。

4. some rhyme while others do not. 一些押韵，儿另外一些不。

Unit 3 Healthy Life unit3-4 复习it 用法
1.abuse n. ○1滥用,妄用；虐待，辱骂○2弊病，陋习
vt. 滥用,妄用,虐待
drug abuse 滥用毒品
child abuse 虐待儿童
abuse one’s position / power滥用职权/权利
abuse a privilege滥用特权
2. stress
1）n. ○1压力; 重音,重读
be under (the) stress (of) 在压力下
suffer from stress遭受压力
the stresses and strains of modern life现代生活的压力和紧张○2强调, 重要性
lay / put /place stress on 重视
2）vt. 加压力于; 重读; 强调
e.g. He stressed the importance of the task.
3.ban
1）n.禁令,禁止 a ban on sth
2）vt.禁止, 取缔
ban sb. from (doing) sth. 颁布禁令
impose a ban解除禁令
lift a ban
4. due to 归因于, 归功于
be due to sth 由于……
be due to do sth定于某时做某事
The train is due in five minutes.(预定的，预期的）
in due course 在适当的时候
词义辨析
because of “由于”, 较口语化，只作状语
owing to 较正式，须用逗号与主句隔开
thanks to “多亏了” ，多用于正面的意义
as a result of “因为”
as a result 副短, “因此”
therefore 副词, “因此”
so并列连词, “因此”
5.tough
1）The wire is tougher than that. (坚韧的，不易磨损的）
2）You need to? be tough enough to survive in the jungle.（坚忍不拔的，吃苦耐劳的）
3）a tough criminal（粗暴的，凶暴的）
4）tough measures to deal with terrorism（强硬的，严厉的）
5）a tough assignment / problem / choice（棘手的，困难的）
6）a tough steak（硬的，老的）
6.fit
1)V.
1.The dress doesn’t fi t me.
2.We can’t fit any more chairs into the room.（容纳）
3. be fitted with handles（安装）
4. His ideas did not quite fit in with our aims. 他的想法和我们的目标不完全一致。

(与…相一致，相协调）
2)Adj.
keep fit
be fit for / to do
反义词：
unfit be unfit for / to do
区分fit , suit, match
Thes e shoes don’t fit me. Have you got a larger size? 这鞋我穿不合适。

你们有大点的吗？
That haircut suits you. 那种发型很适合你。

The carpets should match the curtains. 地毯应该和窗帘相配。

You can’t match him in his knowledge of wild plants. 在野生植物知识方面，你无法与他相比。

7. addicted adj. “对某某上瘾”, “沉湎于某某”
构词法：
addict? n. 吸毒成瘾的人
addiction n. 沉湎、成瘾
addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
addict常用于下列结构：
addict oneself to sth. 沉溺于某物
be addicted to sth. 专心做某事;上了…..的瘾
be addicted to doing sth.
8. accustom v.使人习惯于、养成习惯
常用句式：
1) accustom+名词/oneself + to+名
eg.Children are quick to accustom themselves to new surroundings.孩子们很快就会适应新环境。

2) be accustomed to +名词
e.g. I am accustomed to walking long distances.???我习惯与长距离步行。

3) get/become/be accustomed to +名词
e.g. You will soon get accustomed to the job.??你将会习惯于这个工作。

同义词组：be / get / become used to
注意:
在英语中,?to有时为动词不定式符号, 后跟动词原形; 有时用作介词, 后跟名词、代词、或动名词。

下面的这些短语中的to 均为介词。

stick to 坚持lead to 导致, 通向pay a visit to 参观sentence sb. to 宣判某人come to 谈到, 涉及
see to? 处理，负责be up to 总计devote…to 致力于
get down to 开始/着手be opposed to / object to 反对
be devoted to? 致力于，献身于be attached to 与……联系adjust (adapt)… to使适应be exposed to 暴露于
look forward to 期望pay attention to注意attend to 照顾、处理contribute to 为……做贡献turn to转向when it comes to 说到9.withdraw-withdrawal 撤退、撤离
get withdrawal symptoms 戒毒过程中出现的症状
10. quit 动词, 过去式和过去分词均为quit,现在分词为quitting, 接动词-ing形式, “停止做”
quit smoking 戒烟。

11. do/does/did+动词原形，用于肯定句和祈使句中，表示强调。

注意：只用于强调谓语动词。

Do be careful when crossing the street.
He does speak English well.
强调谓语以外的成分可使用：
It is/was ……that……
It was when I was doing my homework that I saw him sleeping.
It was I that/who saw him sleeping in class.
12. Line 19: I didn’t know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.
[点拨] 该句是一个包含两个宾语从句的主从复合句。

第二个宾语从句that 不能省略。

13. Line 27: I knew it was time to quit smoking.
It is/was time (for sb) to do sth.
It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth.
It is/was)the first (second…) tim e that sb. have/has done sth./had done?sth.
14. strengthen one’s resolve 增强某人的决心
strengthens our bodies
15. feel like 想要, 只表示一次的想法, 后接动词-ing形式
feel like doing
摸起来像……, 像是…… The material feels like silk
Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
every time 在此句中引导时间状语，表示“每次…的时候”
Every time I go to see her, she is always busy working. 每次我去看她，她总是忙于工作。

下列用法均可做连词：
the first time 第一次…的时候
the moment/minute/instant/
immediately/instantly/directly 一….就….
every time=each time 每次…的时候
last time 上次next time? 下次by the time到…为止
16.ashamed adj. feel sorry or embarrassed
相关短语：be ashamed of sb./ sth
be ashamed that…be ashamed to do…
What a shame! It’s a shame (pity) that…… ….真是遗憾
17. in spite of?? 尽管, 虽然，不顾。

后接名词（despite)
Despite (In spite of) the fact that we tried our best, we didn’t win. regardless of 不管，不顾，不理会
18. get into陷于, 染上什么习惯
get into the habit of 养成什么习惯。

相当于fall into the habit of或者form the habit of
短语联想：
get into trouble?? 惹上麻烦get into debt 负债累累
get away with… 做了错事而不受到惩罚或受到较轻的惩罚
get over…克服get through…通过/ 接通电话
19.at risk=in danger take risks/ a risk in doing/ to do sth. 冒险做某事at the risk of??? 冒……的危险/风险at risk 处境危险、遭受危险risk doing 冒险做某事
20.survival n. 幸存survive v. 幸存survivor n. 幸存者
21. possible, probable, likely 的用法
It’s possible (for sb) to do It’s possible that…
It’s probable that…
It’s likely that….Sb.主语+be likely to do
21.prejudice pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见
has a prejudice against modern music.? 她对现代音乐怀有偏见。

racial prejudice 种族歧视
22. judgement n. judge v. in one’s judgement依…判断
judging by / from…在句中作状语
Judging from his skin, he comes from Africa.
make judgements about…
23. decide on 对……做出决定
24. stand for 支持；代表
25. take off 开除/脱衣/起飞/取消/休假
be taken off the football team 被足球队除名
26. manage to do sth. 设法做好/设法办到某事
27.so far 到目前为止（与现在完成时连用）
28.make sure 确定；查明；弄明白
29. prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
30 feel stressed/ desperate/ ashamed/ embarrassed/ awkard
31. a stressful day 有压力的日子
32 get infected with HIV 感染HIV 病毒
33 manage to do sth. 设法做到某事managed to do = succeeded in doing= was / were able to do…
34. It is no good crying over spilt milk. 为打翻的牛奶哭泣没用。

35. It is easier to fall than to rise. 跌倒容易，爬起来难。

30. I didn’t （that）know it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. 我不知道抽烟会严重损害人的心脏和肺，也不知道吸烟的夫妇的生育能力会下降。

31. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick. 只有当这种病毒发长成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。

Unit 4 Global warming
U4(选修六)
1.depend on/ upon+ n 依靠,依赖, 确(坚)信
depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做……
depend on/upon +it +that…. 指望…..
That (all) depends./ it all depends. (口语)视情况而定，
2. light
1)n. 光,线,灯2)v.照亮,点燃lighted / lighted; lit/lit
a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛
A smile of triumph lit up her face. 她的脸上闪耀着胜利的微笑。

3)adj He is a light sleeper. 他睡不沉。

（易醒的）
3. heat v.
heated adj. 热的激烈的
ａheated debate, heated discussion
4.consume v.---- consumer (n.).
1 消耗,花费;耗尽She consumed most of her time in reading.
2吃完,喝光The kids soon consumed all the food on the table. 孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。

5.as … as one can = as … as possible
Please come here as soon as possible.
= Please come here as soon as you can.
6.对比：
Our food supply has given out.
His money soon ran out.
We are running out of our time.
I have run out of my oil.
All his savings have been used up.
7.trap vt. / n. 挡住圈套
trap the heat from the sun l留住太阳的热量
8. keep ….from…. stop…. (from)….
prevent…(from)….
Keep doing 继续
keep out 挡住使进不去
keep up with 跟上
9．compare
compare to/ with: 与…相比
Compared to/with many women, she was indeed very fortunate. compare A with B：相比（不同）
compare A to B：把A比作B
The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems.
People often compare teachers to gardeners. 人们经常把老师比做园丁。

That probably doesn’t sound very much to you or me but it is a rapid increase.
e about:发生=happen(无被动）
How did it come about that he had his leg hurt?他的腿伤着了，这是怎么发生的？
This has not come about overnight.冰冻三尺，非一日之寒
Take place事件的发生有某种原因或事先的安排：The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing.
Happen 偶然或突发性事件：what happened to you?
I happened to see him on my way home= It happened that I saw him on my way home.
occur 发生或想到，突然想起，意为发生时=happen: what has occurred? It occurred to me that she didn’t know I had moved into the new house. break out 常指战争灾难疾病争吵事件的发生
come into being 形成
come into power/office 当权/当职
come into force/effect 开始生效
come out出版,结果… come across 偶遇
When it comes to 涉及
Come up with 提出
12.There is no doubt that …. 毫无疑问….
There is no doubt that he can come on time.
doubt的宾语从句,肯定句whether / if / that 否定句that
He doubted whether they would be able to help.
He never doubted that they would win the game.
beyond / without doubt无疑地
It is human activity that…
原句：My teacher did the experiment in the lab yesterday morning with me.
强调主语：It was my teacher that did the experiment in the lab yesterday morning with me.
强调宾语It was the experiment that my teacher did in the lab yesterday morning with me.
强调时间状语It was yesterday morning that my teacher did the experiment in the lab with me.
强调地点状语It was in the lab that my teacher did the experiment yesterday morning with me.
强调方式状语It was with me that my teacher did the experiment in the lab yesterday morning.
not …until…
I didn’t realize she w as a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
It was until she took off her dark glasses that I didn’t realize she was a famous film star.(错)
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.(对)
强调句的一般疑问句句型：Is/Was+被强大的部分+that/who/whom+句
子的其他部分？
特殊疑问句强调句句型的构成：特殊疑问词+be+it+that+句子的其他部分（用陈述语序）例如：
Did he help you with your English study last week?
Was it he that helped you with your English study last week?
When did you receive the gift?
When was it that you received the gift?
13 random 随意的胡乱的随机的/ randomly
at random 任意地随便地
14. phenomenon (sing.) phenomena (pl.)
a social phenomenon 社会现象
15.subscribe vi.Vt.
subscribe to 同意赞同，支持订阅签名
16．quantity
He likes reading and always buys books in quantity. 他喜欢阅读,总是成批地买书。

A large quantity of air-conditioners has been sold since the temperature began to rise.自从气温升高，大量的空调已经被卖出去了。

in quantity;成批地，大量地
a large quantity of/large quantities of之后接可数或不可数名词。

注意:a large quantity of…作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

large
quantities of…作主语，谓语动词都用复数
Quantities of food were on the table..
As a result of burning fossil fuels, a large ________of carbon dioxide ___ added to the atmosphere.
A. number; is
B. quantity; is
C. number; are
D. quantity; are
17 . tend- tendency
vt.照顾，护理
She is tending (to) a very sick patient. （她在护理一位重病人。

）
vi. tend to易于，往往会；倾向于
When I’m tired, I tend to make mistakes.
18. result in 导致, 造成=lead to
The accident resulted in three people being killed.
The accident ______ the death of two passengers.
A. resulted from
B. resulted in
C. resulted of
D. resulted with
result from: 起因于，因为…
19.Most citizens opposed the new tax.大部分市民反对新税。

★2)The mother opposed her daughter’s going there alone.这位母亲反对她女儿一个人去那儿
oppose sth 反对某事；
oppose doing sth 反对干某事oppose one’s doing 反对某人做某事be opposed to sth./doing sth.反对…
as opposed to(介词)与…对照下
表示“反对”的短语：
say no to…对…说不，拒绝，反对；
be against反对，不同意；
object to (doing)sth.反对，讨厌；
object that…对…提出异议。

例如：
20. It’s of no consequence.不要紧
★3）As a consequence of a great fire the house was completely destroyed.由于大火，房子被彻底毁坏了。

be of no/little/great/much +consequence不/非常重要
as a consequence (of…)=
in consequence (of…) 结果（是…），由于…
take the consequence of承担责任
answer for the consequences对…后果负责。

21. state-statement
The witness stated that she had never seen Mr. Smith陈述;声明;说明
Ice is the solid state of water .形态
In china, the railway are owned by the state.国家,政府
There are 50 states in America
Everything was in a state of disorder.状态
The president has made an important statement about the matter.
state是常用词，只人或物所处的外表、心理、健康及所处的情形等方
面的情况，但不如condition具体，只用作单数形式。

The house was in
a dirty state.
22. range
1)排列, 将...排成行The cards were ranged in alphabetical order.
2 )(在一定范围内)变化
the frontier ranges from the northern hills to the southern coast
beyond the range of超出…范围
within the range of在…范围内
range from A to B 范围从A到B
a wide range of …大量的；一系列的
23.
1)The clouds are building up.云彩在聚集
2)You need more protein to build you up. 增强体质,强身健体。

3)She’s built up a very successful busine ss.逐步建立
4)The singer has been built up into a good success.吹捧，赞扬
5)I‘m very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up. 逐渐增长
6)Hard working conditions build up character. (喻)能磨练人的性格
24. even if /though
25. steady-steadily 平稳的，持续的，可靠地，稳固的
a steady job/income稳定的工作/收入 a steady worker可靠的工人steady rain连绵的雨
31. tendency倾向趋势有…倾向; +to/toward
He has a tendency towards pessimism. 他有悲观的倾向。

26.on the whole 总的来说；从总体上看
27. average
above the average在一般水平以上, 中上; 在平均数以上
below the average在一般水平以下, 中下; 在平均数以下
on average 平均, 按平均数计算; 一般地说
28 on behalf of代表……一方
29.advocate v. 提倡主张拥护鼓吹/ n.提倡者
He advocates building more schools.
30 commitment --commit v.犯罪犯错误,使承担义务,为某人作出保证commit a crime
31.make a difference :有关系，有影响，有重要性make no difference：没有关系，没有重要性
It won't make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.
你今天去或明天去没有多大关系.
make some difference / make all the difference
32.put up with忍受;忍耐;受苦与stand, bear, endure同义
33.so long as / as long as 只要，如果
You may borrow this book so long as you promise to give it back.
on condition that …在……的条件下
34.casual adj. 随便的漫不经心的偶然的，休闲的便装的
be casual about 对…... 漫不经心
35.Circumstance
He was forced by the circumstances to do this. 他做此事是为环境所迫。

（常用复数）
In/ Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 决不，无论如何不
36. refresh v.(使)精神振作, (使)精力恢复, 更新
refresh your memory/ one’s spirit
37ontribution -- contribute --contribute to
He has/makes an important contribution to the company’s success.
He Contributed a great deal of money to the Red Cross 捐钱
She has been contributing to the paper for 5 years. 投稿
Exercises contributed to our health.有助于
38. I hate it when it is rains.
1. 此类句型的it是形式宾语，后面的when it rains才是真正的宾语(从句)。

翻译：我讨厌下雨的时候。

2. 英语语法有如下规定：如果主句谓语是表示爱憎类的动词，如like/dislike/hate/appreciate，且其宾语为一个宾语从句时，则一般把it 放于其中做形式宾语，后面再加上if或疑问词引导的宾语从句。

3. 再如：
1) I dislike it when people talk with their mouths full.
我讨厌人们一边嘴里满是东西，一边谈话。

2）I like it when spring comes.
我喜欢春天来临的时节。

3）I'll appreciate it if you could open the window for me.
如果你能帮我打开窗户，我将不胜感激。

39. global warming 全球气候变暖
40 in the years ahead 今后一些年里
41. carry out 执行
42 decrease by 下降了……
decrease (from …) to （从……）下降到
43 greenhouse effect 温室效应
44 on the one hand … on the other hand… 一方面…… 另一方面……
45. be economical with energy 节能
46. finally and most importantly 最后也最后重要的是
47. Your contribution counts/ matters.
count on sb to do 以来某人做某事
Unit 5 The power of nature
I. Phrases
1. a volcano erupting 一次火山爆发
2. an active / a live volcano 活火山
3. compare…with / to… 把……和……进行比较
compare…to… 把……比作……
4. imagine doing sth. 设想做某事
5. take risks / a risk 冒险at risk 处于危险之中
at the risk of doing sth.…冒……危险risk doing sth.冒险做某事
6. meet with sb. 碰到、遇到某人
7. excite sb./oneself 使某人/自己激动
8. protect sb. / sth. fr om… 保护……免遭……
9. be warned (not) to do sth. 被警告（不要）去做某事
warn sb. of danger 警告某人有危险
10. move sth. out of the way 把……搬离……
11. burn to the ground 全部焚毁
12. far more (=much more) 多得多，多很多
13. the first sight of… 第一次看见……
14. be fast asleep 睡得很熟
15. be about to do sth. … when… 正要做某事……就在这时……
16. as bright as day 亮如白昼
17. in the distance 在远处（大范围的）
at a / some distance (有间隔的)在远处（的具体某地）
18. in the side of the mountain 在山的一边
19. have a much closer look ( at sth.) 近距离的观看(某物)
20. be in a panic 陷入恐慌（状态）get into a panic 陷入恐慌（动作）
21. make one’s way to … 前往…….。