现在完成时教案

文博学校学科教学案
教师: 学生: 日期: 年月日星期: 时段:
课题现在完成时
学情分析
学习目标与
考点分析
学习重点
难点
学习方法
教学过程
第一部分：授课思路
第二部分：学习过程
现在完成时
(1)构成:现在完成时由“have/has+ 动词的过去分词”构成。

现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式及简单回答形式（以动词study为例）：
肯定式：I（You）have studied.
He (She, It) has studied.
We (You,They) have studied.
否定式 I(You) have not/haven’t studied.
He(She,It)has not/hasn’t studied.
We(You,They) have not/ haven’t studied.
疑问式：Have I ( you ) studied? Yes, you (I) have./No,you (I) haven’t.
Has he (she,it) studied? Yes,he(she,it) has.／No,he(she,it) hasn’t.
Have we(you,they) studied? Yes, you (we,they) have. No,you (we,they) haven’t.
(2)动词的过去分词：规则与不规则
规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相同，不规则变化则须单独记忆。

常用的不规则动词变化:
一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。

如：
cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread
特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是
[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。

二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。

如：
come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome
三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。

如：
1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。

如：
lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent
2. 改变单词中间元音字母。

如：
sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held
3. 以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept。

如：
keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept
4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。

如：
buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought,
bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught
5. 有的以ay结尾的动词，在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。

如：
say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid
6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。

如：have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt
四、有些动词原形中含有字母i，在过去式中变i为a，在过去分词中变i为u。

五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词，在变成过去式时，通常把元音字母变成e，在变成过去分词时，通常只在词尾加n。

如：
blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown,
know-knew-known
六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。

如：
rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen,
drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten
特殊： write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten
(3) 用法
Ａ. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

例如：
I have opened the window.我已经把窗户打开了。

（窗户是开着的）
The concert has started.音乐会已经开始（音乐会现在在进行）
They have gone to Shanghai.他们已去上海了（他们不在这里）
现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语，如yesterday,last year,in 1980,three days ago,just now,when I came in等连用。

但可以和一些不确定的时间状语，如already,yet,sometimes,
often,before,lately,once,never, just,ever 等连用；也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如this morning, today, this week, this year等连用。

例如
She has already come.她已经来了。

I haven’t read it yet.我还没有读过这个
Have you ever seen each other before?你们见过面吗？
B. 表示过去已经开始、持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）动作或状态，常和表示一段时间状语，如:today, these days, since…,for…,this month, now等连用。

如for、since 等引导的时间状语。

（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）
一段时间的表达方法有两种:
for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years
过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week
Since 一般过去时态的时间状语从句since you came since you got home. He has been away since last week. 对划线部分提问都用How long
He has been away for one week.
例如:I have studied English for two years.我学英语已经两年了。

They have lived in Beijing since 1980.他们自１９８０年就一直住在北京。

We’ve known each other since we were children.我们从小就认识。

（3） have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别：
have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。

侧重指经历。

have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。

试比较：
He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。

（人已回来，可能在这儿）
He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。

（人已走，不在这儿）。

现在完成时与瞬间动词(终止性动词)
英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是延续性的动词，二是终止性动词。

延续行动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成，而是可以延续、发展的动词。

如：work,read,write,study等。

这些动词的完成时可以和段时间状语连用。

终止性动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能延续的动词。

如：come, go, buy, die, join, begin 等。

这些动词的肯定式不能和段时间状语连用。

如可说“He has left.”但不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：
一、用ago,使用一般过去时。

He left here three years ago.
二、用“It is +一段时间＋since ＋一般过去时从句”
It is three years since he left here.
三、用“ 一段时间＋have/ has passed + since + 一般过去时从句”
Three years have passed since he left here.
另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。

具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。

1.直接转化成延续性动词
buy have catch (get) a cold have a cod borrow keep come/go /become be
如：She has been back for two years.(正）She has come back for two years（误）•Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （误）
•Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. (正）
2.转换成be+名词
join the army be a soldier
join the Party be a Party member
go to school be a student
3转换成be+形容词或副词
die be dead finish be over begin be on leave be away fall sleep be asleep
close be closed open be open
4.转换成 be+介词短语
go to school be in school
join the army be in the army
一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句
①.我们买这本书三年了.
We have had the book for three years.
We bought the book three years ago.
②他感冒三天了.
He has had a cold for three days.
He caught a cold three days ago
③自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.
I have kept the book since last week.
I borrowed the book last week.
④我成为一个学生两年多了.
I have been a student for over two years.
I became a student two years ago.
⑤ Mr Black死了三年了。

Mr Black has been dead for three years.
Mr Black died three years ago.
⑥小明参军半年了。

Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.
Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.
终止性动词完成时的否定式表示一种否定状态是可以延续的，所以其否定式可以和段时间状语连用。

如：I haven’t seen him for ages.我好久没见到他了。

（现在仍没见到他）
现在完成时的三看三用
一看时间状语。

如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。

如：
I have visited the factory.
I visited the factory last year.
二看句首有无疑问词。

如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。

如：－Have you had your breakfast? －Yes, I have.
－When did you have it? －At seven thirty.
注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。

否则就需要具体情况具体分析。

如：
How many words have you learned by heart?
How did you learn them by heart?
三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。

如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。

如：
He has been a league member for two months.
He joined the Youth League two months ago.
一般过去时与现在完成时之比较
•1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。

而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。

• 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

•一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now,等具体的时间状语。

•◎共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already,等。

•◎现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不确定的时间状语。

如：I saw this film yesterday. （只说明动作发生在过去。

）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。

）
She has returned from Paris.（她已从巴黎回来了。

）
She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来的。

）
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。

)
练习：
1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、-Our country ______ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
9、-These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?
-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
12、-Do you know him well ?
- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
第三部分：课后针对性练习
( )1.You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______?
A. haven’t you
B. have you
C. do you
D. don’t you
( ) 2. —I have watched the game.
—When ____ you ____ it?
A. have; watched
B. do; watch
C. did ;watch
D. will; watch
( )3. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.
A. lived
B. has lived
C. lives
D. is going to live ( )4. His grandma ______ for two years.
A. died
B. has died
C. was dead
D. has been dead
( )5. –Where is Han Mei now?
－ She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.
A. has gone
B. has been
C. goes
D. had gone
( )6. －_____ you ____to the United Stated ?
－ No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ago
A. Have; been
B. Have; gone
C. Did; go
D. Do; go
( )7. You haven’t changed your mind,_______?
A. do you
B. are you
C. have you
D. did you
( )8. How long have you _____ the football team of
the school?
A. played
B. been at
C. joined D been on
( )9. —Where have you _____ these days?
—I have _____ to Kunming with my friends.
A been , gone
B been , been
C gone , been
D gone, gone
( )10. How long have you ____ this book?
A. bought
B. borrowed
C. had
D. lent
( )11. —Excuse me, ____ you seen the film yet?
—Yes, I _____ it last night.
A have, see
B have, have seen
C have, seen
D have, saw
( )12. He has never ridden a horse before,_____?
A. is he
B. isn’t he
C. hasn’t he
D. has he
( )13、-How long have you ____ here ?-About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
( )14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. began
( )15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
二、填入括号内单词的适当形式。

1The room is cold。

Who______（open）the window？
2 He______（go）to the cinema。

3 —you______（put）away my dictionary?
4.We________(not finish) the work yet.
5.I________(see) the play. I _____(see) it last month with my sister.
6.I am not hungry.I ____just____(have) my dinner.
7.Don’t worry. The train____(arrive)yet.
8.I _______never _______(hear) this before
9.I _______ (borrow)my pen last week but lost it
10.I _________(read) the book this morning and I will finishe it soon
三、句型转换
1、The film has been on for an hour. (同义句转换)
The film ____ an hour ago.
2.He borrowed my car two days ago。

(同义句转换)
He ____ my car ____two days
3、The old man _________ last year.
He for a year. (die) （动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory ________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to Fra nce.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) ___________________________________________
第四部分：教学反思
学生对于本次课的评价：
○特别满意○满意○一般○差
学生签字：
教师评定：
1、学生上次作业评价：○非常好○好○一般○需要优化
2、学生本次上课情况评价：○非常好○好○一般○需要优化
教师签字：
主管签字：家长签字：。