2020届洛阳市第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析

2020届洛阳市第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Bob and Sue Harvey spent nine years as resident fellows in a dormitory at Sanford and in their bookVirtual Reality and The College Freshman, they write “The Freshman oftenfaces an identity problem during the first semester.” College is a more pressured environment than it used to be, in part because the academic gap between high school and college has increased. Many college freshmen have never had to make independent decisions about sex, drugs and alcohol. Most don’t know how to manage their time or money. They often feel lonely and overwhelmed, resulting in anxiety and depression.
Nancy Corbin, director of clinical service for student-counseling (咨询) services at Iowa State University, says her office is seeing a significant increase in requests for counseling from freshmen who are having trouble making the adjustment to college life. She says older teenagers increasingly lack the skills to deal with personal problems that aren’t easily defined or fixed. And they get homesick but have a hard time admitting it.
Parents and high schools can make things easier on freshmen by preparing them differently. For example, by teaching them to budget their hours and dollars. The Harveys think high schools should offer a college-life course. “Parents need to focus more on relationship and personal issues and less on how many sheets and towels to take,” they say. Many homesick freshmen think they’ll be regarded as failures if they come home before Thanksgiving. So parents can help by letting them know they’re welcome to return if they feel the need. In the meantime, parents have to find new ways to keep in touch with their college kids. One of the best ways is e-mail. It’s less unpleasant and less expensive than constant phone calls and is more likely to be answered than a handwritten letter.
1. Why is the first semester difficult for freshmen in college?
A. Because they often fail in exams.
B. Because they lack time and money.
C. Because they are too homesick to make new friends.
D. Because they have to settle personal issues on their own.
2. In the last paragraph, it is suggested that ________.
A. parents should stop buying anything for their kids
B. parents should develop a good relationship with their kids
C. parents should be taught how to send e-mails to their kids
D. parents should work with high schools in college-life courses
3. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Hard Life of College Freshmen
B. Approaches to Trouble in College
C. Freshmen’s Adaptation Problems
D. A Strange Phenomenon in College
B
Earthquakes are a natural disaster—except when they're man-made. The oil and gas industry has forcefully used the technique known as hydraulic fracturing (水力压裂法) to destroy sub-surface rock and liberate the oil and gas hiding there. But the process results in large amounts of chemical-filled waste water. Horizontal drilling (水平钻孔) for oil can also produce large amount of natural, unwanted salt water. The industry deals with this waste water by pumping it into deep wells.
On Monday, the US Geological Survey published for the first time an earthquake disaster map covering both natural and “induced” quakes. The map and a report show that parts of the central United States now face a ground-shaking disaster equal to the famously unstable terrain (不稳定地形) of California.
Some 7 million people live in places easily attacked by these man-made quakes, the USGS said The list of places at highest risk of man-made earthquakes includes Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Ohio and Alabama. Most of these earthquakes are ly small, in the range of magnitude (震级) 3, but some have been more powerful, including a magnitude 5.6 earthquake in 2011 in Oklahoma that was connected to waste water filling.
Scientists said they do not know ifthere is an upper limit on the magnitude of man-made earthquakes; this is an area of active research Oklahoma has had prehistoric earthquakes as powerful as magnitude 7.
It's not immediately clear whether this new research will change industry practices, or even whether it will surprise anyone in the areas of newly supposed danger. In Oklahoma, for example, the natural rate of earthquakes is only one or two a year, but there have been hundreds since hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, with the waste water filling, became common in the last ten years.
4. What kind of human activities can cause earthquakes?
A. The man-made produced waste water in the factories.
B. The process of digging deep wells in those poor areas.
C. The advanced techniques used to deal with waste water.
D. The oil or gas industry's work connected with the earth.
5. What does the underlined word “induced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Man-made.
B. Reduced.
C. Newly-built.
D. Controlled.
6. How much magnitude can man-made earthquakes reach?
A. It's been said as small as magnitude 3.
B. It has been said as high as magnitude 7.
C. It's being studied without a final conclusion.
D. It has risen by an average of magnitude 5. 6.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. Natural Earthquakes in America Are Disappearing Now
B. 7 Million Americans at Risk of Man-Made Earthquakes
C. Time for Oil and Gas Industry Change Their Working Practice
D. More Often Earthquakes as Powerful as Magnitude 7 in America
C
Ever wondered if dogs can learn new words? Yes, say researchers as they have found that talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them only four times.
While previous evidence seems to show that most dogs do not learn words, unless eventually very well trained, a few individuals have shown some extraordinary abilities, according to a study published in the journal Scientific Reports.
“We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words” said researcher xuekw Claudia Fugazza from theEötvösLorándUniversityinHungary. For the study, the team involved two gifted dogs, Whisky and Vicky Nina. The team exposed the dogs to the new words in two different conditions.
In the exclusion-based task, presented with seven known toys and one new toy, the dogs were able to select the new toy when presented with a new name. Researchers say this proves that dogs can choose by exclusion when faced with a new word, they selected the only toy which did not have a known name.
However, this was not the way they would learn the name of the toy. In fact, when they were presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name, the dogs got totally confused and failed.
The other condition, the social one, where the dogs played with their owners who pronounced the name of the
toy while playing with the dog, proved to be the successful way to learn the name of the toy, even after hearing it only 4 times. “The rapid learning that we observed seems to equal children’s ability to learn many new words at a fast rate around the age of 18 months,” Fugazza says. “But we do not know whether the learning mechanisms(机制) behind this learning are the same for humans and dogs. ”
To test whether most dogs would learn words this way, 20 other dogs were tested in the same condition, but none of them showed any evidence of learning the toy names, confirming that the abilityto learn words rapidly in the absence of formal training is very rare and is only present in a few gifted dogs.
8. What was the purpose of the study published in Scientific Reports?
A. To better train dogs’ ability to learn new words.
B. To further confirm previous evidence about dogs.
C. To prove extraordinary memory abilities of gifted dogs.
D. To explore favorable conditions for gifted dogs’ new-word learning.
9. How did the dogs react when exposed to two new names in the first condition?
A. Slow to understand.
B. Quick to learn.
C. At a loss.
D. In a panic.
10. What was found about dogs’ new-word learning in the social condition?
A. Learning through playing applied to most dogs.
B. The social condition helped dogs learn new words.
CDogs’ new-word learning turned out to be less effective.
D. Dogs shared similar learning mechanisms with children.
11. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Gifted Dogs Can Learn New Words Rapidly.
B. Dogs Identify Newly-named Toys by Exclusion.
C. Dogs Can Acquire Vocabulary through Tons of Training.
D. Gifted Dogs Have Similar Learning Abilities to Humans.
D
A trip to thelibrary was like a great journey to a different country. To get there, we had to walk a mile. But our weekly journeys to the library were a piece of perfection. I had around me at one time all the people I loved best-my father and mother and brothers and sister--and all the things I loved best- quiet, space and books.
I read a lot of books about science: not the spaceships my brothers preferred, but the birds and the bees--literally. I brought home a book of birds and searched the trees for anything other than robins (知更鸟). I went
through a phrase of loving books with practical science experiments and used up a whole bottle of white vinegar by pouring it on the sides of our apartment building to prove that it was constructed of limestone (石灰石).
One Saturday, as I wandered through the young adult section, I saw a title: Little Women, by Lousia May Alcott. I had learned from experience that titles weren’t everything. A book that sounded great on the shelf could be dull once you got it home. So I sat in a chair near the shelves to skim the first paragraphs.
I read and read and read Little Women until it was time to walk home, and, except for a few essential interruptions like sleeping and eating, I did not put it down until the end. Even the freedom to watch weekend television held no appeal for me in the wake of Alcott' s story. It was about girls, for one thing, girls who could almost be like me, especially Jo. I had found someone who thought and felt the way I did.
12. What can we say about the author’s family?
A. They enjoyed traveling abroad.
B. They were library frequenters.
C. They were very fond of walking.
D. They led a perfectly quiet life.
13. What does the author mainly want to show in paragraph 2?
A. Her different hobbies from her brothers.
B. How she conducted science experiments.
C. Why she loved books about the birds and the bees.
D. Her reading interests during a particular period of time.
14. What opinion does the author hold on books?
A. Book titles can sometimes be misleading.
B. Science books are as interesting as novels.
C. The first few paragraphs of a book are attractive.
D. Books seem duller when read in libraries than at home.
15. How would the author describe Little Women?
A. It helped her to discover her true character.
B. It made her forget about food and sleep.
C. It inspired confidence in her.
D. It kept her absorbed.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Applying to university can seem very challenging. There’s so much to do! But really, getting your application
in is just a series of stages: do the research, narrow down your university choices, write the applications, and then play the waiting game. Then come the final decisions.___16___.
Choosing your university
___17___. This depends on many factors, including entry requirements, funding and financial factors, subjects and courses available and many more. But such factors often have to come second to important considerations about visa requirements and funding opportunities. And when it comes to entry requirements, it is generally worth applying to a range of institutions so you have at least one back-up choice, just in case.
___18___
Once you have narrowed down your options, the real work starts.
Writing university applications is very different for different universities. Some colleges often expect extensive personal essays, which are designed to reveal much more than just your learning skills. Some are more formal and structured around school achievements, motivation and extracurricular activities.____19____. Admissions teachers can always tell.
After applying
___20___. For some universities there will be interviews at the second stage of the application process, but if not, you’ll have to sit tight until decisions are announced.
When the entire above are sorted, the only thing left is to stock up on stationery (文具), review any reading lists and prepare for the next adventure.
A. Preparing for university interviews
B. Writing your university application
C. Once you have hit the big red button on all your applications, the waiting game begins
D. For those looking to study at university, the following is essential guide to your applications
E. Make sure you adapt your application for each university, rather than copying and pasting each section
F. Researching the options available to you is an essential start to your university application process
G. Visiting universities in which you are interested can help you understand more about whether it is the right fit for you
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项It was 15 years ago that one of the most upset things in my life happened. In a clean, clinical room, my best friend was dying in my arms. His eyes, dark brown and trusting, would soon____21____forever. Heartbroken, I
said, “Flash, you____22____so much happiness to me. I will do something good as a(an)____23____.”
Flash came into my____24____when I was nine. From the moment my parents brought this cute dog home, he____25____my family with joy.
Then,____26____happened. My mum was diagnosed with (被诊断出) breast cancer when I was 11. Then my grandma, who was my strength,____27____for lung cancer. My sister____28____Crohn’s Disease and while being tested, suffered a heart attack. I was being bullied at school and started to____29____classes and avoid seeing people.
Flash soon gave me all the comfort he could offer. There were times when I felt there was no____30____, but a pair of brown eyes and loving face would somehow____31____me. I knew he was____32____there for me. I knew he understood.
Now after 15 years, Flash was____33____. I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him. I____34____in a non-profit organization inSouthamptonand contributed about 3,500 hours to____35____children with special needs, which completely changed my life. I learned to love the____36____I had been on, and even accept the____37____bits.
I still miss Flash. It was he that had somehow____38____me to help others. Flash’s death was one of the____39____moments of my life. But it was also an inspiring moment that____40____me in the best possible way—forever.
21. A. open B. fade C. shine D. close
22. A. told B. brought C. saved D. owed
23. A. reward B. award C. bonus D. relief
24. A. world B. room C. mind D. power
25. A. helped B. protected C. filled D. decorated
26. A. wonders B. stories C. disasters D. mistakes
27. A. went away B. passed away C. died away D. flew away
28. A. developed B. caused C. noticed D. gained
29. A. pass B. skip C. take D. enjoy
30. A. use B. time C. money D. hope
31. A. annoy B. ease C. lift D. change
32. A. frequently B. sometimes C. always D. hardly
33. A. aging B. deserted C. missing D. gone
34. A. searched B. volunteered C. competed D. performed
35. A. talking about B. meeting with C. caring for D. bringing up
36. A. earth B. street C. holiday D. journey
37. A. fantastic B. difficult C. awkward D. pleasant
38. A. trained B. forced C. inspired D. persuaded
39. A. fullest B. saddest C. tiniest D. craziest
40. A. explained B. admitted C. transformed D. described
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The Chinese Writing System: Connecting the Past and the Present
China is___41.___(wide) known for its ancient civilisation.There are many reasons____42.____this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese____43.____(write) system.____44.____the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols____45.____(become) a well-developed writing system. By the Qin Dynasty, the Chinese writing system began to develop____46.____one direction. The writing system was of great____47.____(important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Chinaˈs present is____48.____(connect) with its past by written Chinese. Today, the Chinese writing system is still____49.____important part of Chinese culture. And more and more people are beginning to appreciate Chinaˈs culture and history through this____50.____(amaze) language.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限…词；
2．只允许修改1 0处，多者（从第1 1处起）不计分。

When I was four and was attended one of the private schools, I could hardly speak English, that used to sound funny. Thanks to my journey toSouth AfricaI can now speak English as if it's our mother tongue. My parents always insisted that I learned to speak English. It's one of the most widely spoken language in the world. So I have spared no efforts to practising until finally I can communicate clear in English. Although I am back inNigerianow,
but I seldom speak my mother tongue. I feel confident to face the world than before and I am no longer shy of speaking at public.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled (骑行) along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.
Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. “Man, that's a big dog!” he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn’t a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac’s heart jumped. He found out his can of hear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac's relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac's bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase (追赶).
Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down. He saw a steep uphill climb before him. He knew that once he hit the hill, he’d be easy caught up and the wolf’s teeth would be tearing into his flesh.
At this moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头已为你写好；
Paragraph 1:
The car abruptly stopped in front of him.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A
12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D
16. D 17. F 18. B 19. E 20. C
21. D 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 32.
C 33.
D 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. C
41. widely
42. why 43. writing
44. At 45. had become
46. in 47. importance
48. connected
49. an 50. amazing
51.(1). attended→attending
(2). that→which
(3). our→my
(4). learned→learn
(5). language→languages
(6). practising→practise
(7). clear→clearly
(8).去掉but
(9).在confident前面加more
(10). at→in
52.略。