形容词和副词讲义之欧阳治创编

形容词和副词
(一)形容词的基本功能及其在句子中的位置
说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。

1．形容词作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。

e.g.The beautiful girl is my sister.那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。

2．作表语，放在系动词之后。

e.g.Our school is big and clean.我们的学校又大又干
净。

I felt terrible this morning.我今天早上感到不舒服。

3．作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。

e.g.You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。

I find it hard to travel around the big city.我发现在这个大城市旅行很难。

4．某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人。

常见词有good/bad，rich/poor，young/old，deaf/blind，black/white，living/dead 等。

e.g.The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。

The young should be polite to the old.年轻人应该对老年人有礼貌。

(二)形容词比较等级的构成：原级、比较级和最高级
规则变化
不规则变化
注意：不规则变化的比较级和最高级要背熟。

(三)形容词原级用法
1．说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。

e.g.The flowers in the garden are beautiful.这花园里的花很美。

2．有表示绝对概念的副词very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时用形容词原级。

e.g.The boy is too young.这男孩太小了。

Math is very difficult.数学很难。

3．表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。

（1）肯定句中的结构：“A…+as+形容词原级+as+B”
e.g.English is as interesting as Chinese.英语和语文一样有趣。

Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim.小明和吉姆一样高。

（2）否定句中的结构：“A…+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”
e.g.This book isn’t as new as that one.这本书不如那本书新。

I am not so careful as Lucy.我没有露西仔细。

（3）表示“A是B的……倍”时，用“A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。

(一次：once，两次：twice，三次以上：数字+times)
e.g.Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍。

This table is twice as long as that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。

(四)形容词比较级用法
1．表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，最明显的提示词是than，其结构为“A…+比较级
+than+B”。

e.g.Li Lei’s room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大。

This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃。

注意：为了避免重复，在从句中常用the one，that，those等词来替代前面出现过的名词。

其中the one替代可数名词单数形式，the ones或those 替代可数名词复数形式，that替代不可数名词。

e.g.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.
北京的天气比广州的天气冷。

2．有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。

e.g.I feel even worse now.我现在觉得更难受了。

It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。

3．表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时，用句型“Which/Who is+形容词比较级，A or B?”表示。

e.g.Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?李明和王涛哪一个高一些？
Which sweater is more beautiful, the yellow one or the pink one?
哪一件毛衣更漂亮，黄色还是粉红色的？
4．表示“几倍于……”时，用“倍数+比较级
+than”表示。

e.g.I am three years older than you.我比你大三岁。

5．表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two)”时，常用“the+比较级”结构。

e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary是双胞胎中的高个子。

6．表示“越来越……”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。

春天天气变得越来越暖和。

Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的家乡越来越漂亮了。

7．表示“越……就越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。

e.g.The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.我们越是在一起，就越开心。

(五)形容词最高级用法
1．表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。

形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。

e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中，他是最强壮的。

Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。

2．表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，用“Which/Who is+the+最高级，A，B or C?”结构。

e.g.Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?
哪个城市最漂亮，北京，上海还是福州？3．表示“最……的……之一”时，用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。

e.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。

4．形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最……”。

e.g.The ChangjiangRiver is the first longest river in China. 长江是中国第一大长河。

5．形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the。

e.g.This is our last lesson today.这是我们今天的最后一节课。

Yesterday was his busiest day.昨天是他最忙的一天。

6．形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。

e.g.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是班上最高的学生。

=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。

=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。

=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高。

(六)使用形容词时易混知识
2．比较的对象不能相互包容
牢记下列结构：
比较级+than+any other+单数名词all (the) other+复数名词
any one/anybody elseany of the other+复数名词the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词
注意：在同一范围内进行比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。

e.g.China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。

(同一范围内，只能和其他对象进行比较)
China is larger than any country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。

(不同范围内，可以和其他任意一个对象进行比较)
3．在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时，多音节和部分双音节形容词除使用“not…as/so+形容词原级+as”结构外，还可使用“less+形容词原级+than”结构。

e.g.I am not as careful as Lily. 我没有Lily仔细。

=I am less careful than Lily.
4．许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词，但有些-ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词。

friendly(友好的)lonely(孤独的，孤单的)lovely(可爱的，有趣的)
likely(有希望的)daily(日常的)lively(有生气的，活泼的)
上面我们复习了形容词，下面我们复习副词，副词分为“①时间副词，如yesterday(昨天)；②地点副词，如inside(在里面)；③方式副词，如quickly(快地)；④程度副词，如very(很)；⑤疑问副词，如when(什么时候)；⑥关系副词，如why(为什么)。

关系副词用来引导定语从句。

有些知识如时间、地点，是非常明显的东西，只需要提一下。

今天我们主要复习以下几个方面：
副词用法
（一）副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。

1．作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和句子。

e.g.Please listen to me carefully.请你认真地听我讲。

The boy is too young.这男孩太小了。

Luckily, he was not badly hurt.幸运地，他伤得不是太重。

2．作表语，表示方位上的变化。

e.g.My father will be back in a week.我父亲一周后回来。

3．作宾语补足语。

e.g.Let him in, please.请让他进来。

(二)副词的位置
1．一般作状语时放在谓语动词之后。

如果谓语动词带有宾语，副词则放在宾语后面。

e.g.We all study hard.我们努力学习。

He is drawing a horse carefully.他在认真地画一匹马。

2．频度副词作状语时放在be动词或助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。

e.g.He is always late for school.他总是上学迟到。

I often go to see my grandparents on Sunday.我经常星期天去看望祖父母。

3．某些副词是为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句子之前。

e.g.Suddenly he had a good idea.突然他想出了一个办法。

4．enough修饰形容词和副词时，要放在所修饰词之后。

e.g.The boy is old enough to go to school.这孩子够大了能去上学。

He got up early enough to catch up the train.他起得足够早能赶上火车。

(三)副词比较等级用法
1．副词的比较级、最高级的变法和形容词的比较级、最高级变法基本相同。

刚才我们已经讲过。

2．在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时，部分双音节和多音节副词除使用“not…as/so+副词原级+as”结构外，还可使用“less+副词原级
+than”结构。

e.g.Bill didn’t do his homework as carefully as Jim. Bill做作业没有Jim认真。

=Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim. 3．副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。

e.g.Lin Tao did best in English of all.林涛是所有人中英语最好的。

形容词和副词比较级的用法
注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。

(四)副词易混知识清单
1．how long，how soon，how often
how long“多久，多长时间”，是对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for+段时间”和“since+点时间”回答。

how soon“多快，多久以后”，是对一个短暂性动词提问，用于一般将来时句子中，常用“in+段时间”回答。

how often“多长时间一次”，对频度提问，常用“once，twice，three times a week”等回答。

how far“多远”，对距离提问。

e.g.—How long have you lived inBeijing?—你住在北京多久了？
—For ten year.——十年了。

—How soon will your father come back?—你父亲多久以后回来？
—He will come back in a week.—他一周后回来。

—How often do you play football?—你多长时间踢一回足球？
—Once a week.——周一次。

—How far is it from here to your home?—这离你家有多远？
—Only 200 meters away.—只有200米远。

2．hard/hardly
hard“努力地，辛苦地”；“剧烈地，猛烈地”是程度副词。

hardly“几乎不”，是否定副词。

e.g.We should study hard as students.作为学生，我们应该努力学习。

I can hardly catch up with you, can you walk slowly?我几乎赶不上你了，你能走慢一点吗？3．much too/too much
much too“非常，极其，太”much和too都是副词，much修饰too，用以加强语气，中心词是too，much too修饰形容词或副词原级。

too much“太多”，中心词是much，too修饰much，以加强语气，too much修饰不可数名词。

与too many相对，但too many修饰可数名词。

e.g.The skirt is much too dear.这裙子太贵了。

Please don’t eat too much ice-cream, it’s bad for your health.
不要吃太多的冷激凌，它对身体不好。

There are too many people in the supermarket.超市里人太多了。

4．too/also/either
too一般不用于否定句，常放在句尾。

also用于肯定句和疑问句，常放在be动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前。

either用于否定句，常放在句尾。

e.g.You are a student, I am a student, too.你是学生，我也是学生。

They are also students.他们也是学生。

I don’t like the film, either.我也不喜欢这部电影。

5．too, enough, so
too“太，很”，用于“too…to”结构，表示否定意义“太……而不能……”。

enough“足够”，用于“形容词/副词原级
+enough to…”结构，表示“足够……能……”。

so“如此”，用于“so…that…”结构，表示“如此……以致……”。

e.g.The man is too old to look after himsel
f.这人年纪太大了不能照顾自己。

The boy runs fast enough to win the game.这男孩跑得足够快能赢。

The camera is so expensive that I can’t afford it.照相机太贵了，我买不起。

6．already/yet
already常用于肯定句。

yet常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。

e.g.I have already finished my homework.
我已经完成了家庭作业。

Have you finished your homework yet?
你完成了你的家庭作业吗？
I haven’t had lunch yet.我还没有吃午餐呢。

(五)形容词怎样变成副词
一般说来形容词就是形容词，副词就是副词，但也有很多形容词可以加ly来构成副词。

heavy——heavily loud——loudly careful——carefully clear——clearly beautiful——beautifully happy——happilytrue——truly luck——luckily
quick——quickly bad——badly
同学们特别要注意副词修饰行为动词这一点。

如：
He is very (careful).He does everything (carefully)
第一句中是作表语，用adj. careful；第二句中修饰行为动词does用adv. carefully.
hard 努力——hardly 几乎不late迟的，晚的——lately 近来
deep 深——deeply 深深地near靠近——nearly 差不多
wide 宽——widely 广泛地high高的——highly 高度地
close 靠近的——closely 密切地free免费的——freely 自由地
【基础练习】
( ) 1 Your room is _______ than mine.
A. three time big
B. three times big
C. three times bigger
D. bigger three times ( ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_______.
A. warm and warm
B. colder and colder
C. warmer and warmer
D. shorter and shorter ( )3 ______ he read the book, _______ he got in it.
A. The more; the more interesting
B. The less; the more interesting
C. The more; the more interested
D. More; more interested
()4 I like______ one of the two books.
A. the older
B. oldest
C. the oldest
D. older () 5 Which do you like _______, tea or coffee?
A. well
B. better
C. best
D. most ( ) 6 This work is _______ for me than for you.
A. difficult
B. most difficult
C. much difficult
D. more difficult
( ) 7 Who jumped_______of all?
A. far
B. farther
C. farthest
D. the most far ( ) 8 Li Lei is_______ student in our class.
A. tall
B. taller
C. tallest
D. the tallest ( ) 9 Tom is one of _______ boys in our class.
A. tallest
B. taller
C. the tallest B. the tall
( ) 10 English is one of_______ spoken in the world.
A. the important languages
B. the most important languages
C. most important language
D. the most important language
( )11. Most of the woods _______ been taken good care of.
A. are
B. is
C. has
D. have ( )12 I'm not ________ to lift the heavy box.
A. short enough
B. enough tall
C. health enough
D. strong enough
( )13 Which is_______, Li Lei or Wu Tong?
A. strong
B. strongest
C. stronger
D. the strongest
( )14 Do you have _______ to tell us?
A. something new
B. new something
C. anything new
D. new anything ( ) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______.
A. more and rich
B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer
D. rich and rich
写出下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。

fast ______ ________ wide ______ _________ easy _______ ________
small______ ________ large________ _________ dirty________ ________
long ______ ________ rude _______ __________ busy_______ __________
hot________ ________ thin________ _________ fat _______ ___________
few _______ ________ good________ _______ little________ _________
badly________ _______ far________ ________ difficult_________ ___________
much_________ _________ many __________ _________ nice ________ ________
用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空。

1.Which lesson is ________________________ (difficult) in Book 2?
2.Alice writes ____________________________(carefully ) than I.
3.This story is ____________________________( interesting) than that one.
4.That was one of _________________________( exciting) moments in 2008.
5.This kind of food must be ____________________( delicious )than that one.
6.Beihai park is one of _______________________ (beautiful ) parks in Beijing.
7.Who’s _________________________(careful), Tom,Jim or Kate?
8.That is ____________________________(easy) of all.
9.He is ____________________________(clever )boy in the class.
10.John is ______________________( short) than Tom.
11.She is ___________________________(pretty)girl in the group.
12.Which film is __________________________ (interesting),this one or that one?
13.Can you show me_______________________(near) shop here?
14.This bridge is as _______ ( long) as that one, but it is much ______ (wide) than that one.
15.I think English is one of _______________
(important )subjects in middle school.
16.I am only one year ___________ (young) than you..
17.The boy is not so _____________ (interesting) as his brother.
18.Dick sings _____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John, but Mary sings______(well) in her class.
19.She will be much ____________ (happy) in her new house
20.John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____________ (young) child
单项选择
1.I’m shortsighted and I can’t see the words on the notice board ____.
A, clear B, clearly C, carefully D, good
2.Jean works hard but she doesn’t work ____ Mary. A, as harder than B, as hard than C, as harder as D, as hard as
3.This is ____ book in our library.
A, the most interesting B, most interesting C, the more interesting D, more interesting
4.Do you think maths is ____ important than English? A, very B, as C, more D, quite
5.They got a Christmas tree and it was ____ ours.
A, so tall as B, so taller as C, as tall as D, as taller as 6.The old soldier lived all by himself. Even though he was ____, he was not ____ at all.
A, alone, lonely B, alone, alone C, lonely, alone D, lonely, lonely
7.A taxi doesn’t run as ____ as an underground train. A, fast B, faster C, fastest D, more fast
8.YangpuBridge is one of ____ in the world.
A, bigger bridge B, the biggest bridge C, the biggest bridges D, bigger bridges
10.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is ____ one of all the movie songs.
A, the most beautiful B, most beautiful C, a beautiful D, much more beautiful
11.Her cousin can draw ____ an artist.
A, as well as B, not so well as C, as better as D, as good as
12.JinmaoTower is ____ building in Shanghai.
A, high B, tall C, highest D, the tallest
13.30,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but it’s ____ than we need.
A, far more B, very much C, far less D, very little 14.Mr Smith thought the CenturyPark was the second ____ in Shanghai.
A, large B, larger C, largest D, very large
15.I think Yao Ming, the famous basketball player, will be ____ new star in NBA.
A, hot B, hotter C, hottest D, the hottest
17.A: What delicious cakes! B: They would taste ____ with butter.
A, good B, better C, bad D, worse
18.Among all the teachersin this school, Miss Tao is one of ____.
A, young B, younger C, the youngest D, the most young
19.Thanks to Mrs Lin! With her help, we finished our work an hour ____.
A, late B, later C, early D, earlier
20.A: In our English study reading is more important than speaking, I think.
B: I don’t agree. Speaking is ____ reading.
A, as important B, so important as C, the most important D, the same as
21.Simon looks ____ today and smiles ____ all the time.
A, happy, happy B, happily, happily C, happy, happily D, happily, happy
22.It’s ____ to send an e-mail than a regular mail. A, much more quickly B, quick C, more quickly D, much quicker
23.The price of these dictionaries is ____ than before. A, much cheaper B, more expensive C, much higher D, more higher
24.Bob has ____ to tell you.
A, something important B, anything important C, important something D, important nothing
25.She is looking ____ at her lovely son.
A, happy B, happily C, happiness D, happier
形容词和副词冲刺练习
1．—He is slow in studying. I wonder how he could get good results in the exam.
—No wonder he is always ________.
A．livelyB．hard-working C．kind-heartedD．helpful
2．It has a strange smell in your room. You’d better keep the window ________. A．openB．opens C．closesD．closed 3．—What does your cousin look like now?
—Oh, he is much ________ than before.
A．strongB．stronger C．strongestD．too strong
4．Will you please speak ________? I’m afraid I can’t follow you.
A．loudlyB．pleasantly C．slowlyD．easily
5．—Who’s ________ basketball player in China now? It is Yao Ming?
—No. It’s Sun Mingming.
A．tallB．taller C．the tallest D．the taller 6．The busier he is, the ________ he feels. A．happily B．happy C．happier D．more happy
7．Amy makes fewer mistakes than Frank. She does her homework ________.
A．more carefully B．more carelessly C．more careful D．more careless 8．Mr. Smith always has ________ to tell us. A．some good pieces of news B．some pieces of good news
C．some good piece of news D．some piece of good news
9．Do you believe some special dogs can do things ________ man?
A．as good as B．as well as C．as soon as D．as careful as
10．I don’t like this kind of TV shows because they’re ________?
A．boring B．wonderful C．interesting D．beautiful
11．In winter the day is ________ than it is in summer.
A．short B．shorter C．shortest D．the shortest
12．The old man is looking at his granddaughter ______. He has not seen her for a long time. A．happy B．happily C．happier D．the happiest
13．Mary felt ill on Monday, and ________ the following day, so she went to see a doctor. A．badly B．worse C．worst D．more ill
14．The fish smells ________. You mustn’t eat it. A．nice B．heavy C．quick D．terrible
15．It is ________ to work out this problem. You needn’t ask the teacher.
A．enough easy B．easily enough C．easy enough D．very easily
16．Beijing, the capital of China, is one of ________ cities in the world.
A．the biggest B．bigger C．much bigger D．big
17．Don’t worry. Your grandma will get ________. A．well and well B．better and better C．well and better D．good and well
18．—Do you like the two skirts?
—The yellow one is good, but the green one looks ________.
A．nicer B．nice C．best D．good
19．________ you work, ________ you will do. A．Harder；better B．The harder；the worse C．Hardest；best D．The harder；the better 20．Though he has studied ________ at maths for months, he can still ________ make progress. A．hard；hard B．hardly；hardly C．hard；hardly D．hardly；hard
1.The turcky tastes ____ the chicken.
A, as better as B, much better than C, as well as D, the best to
2.I like Chinese because it sounds ____.
A, wonder B, wondering C, wonderful D, wonderfully
3.E-mailing is much ____ than long distance calling.
A, cheap B, cheaper C, cheapest D, the cheapest 4.Your advice sounds ____. We’ll all take your advice.
A, well B, carefully C, wonderful D, correctly 5.Nick didn’t do very ____ in the final exam, but his scores are ____ than last year’s
A, good, better B, bad, worse C, well, worse D, well, better
6.The sand-storm from the north yesterday seemed to become ____ in recent years.
A, bad B, badly C, the worse D, worse
7.The leading actor felt ____ when he saw a lot of people cheering him.
A, happy B, happily C, angrily D, lovely
8.If you decide on the date to leave Shanghai, please tell me ____ possible.
A, as fast as B, as quickly as C, as swiftly as D, as soon as
9.The price of the flats in the housing estates (住宅区) located in the center of Shanghai must be very ____. A, big B, huge C, high D, expensive
10.People prefer to send e-mail than to post letters because e-mail are much ____ than letters.
A, fast and convenient B, faster and convenient C, fast and more convenient D, faster and more convenient
11.He hasn’t got a very ____ voice, but he sings very ____.
A, good, well B, good, good C, well, well D, well, good
12.The Mars is far ____ to us than the Pluto (冥王星). We wish we could live on it one day.
A, close B, closer C, closest D, the closest
13.Nowadays, more and more people do enough excise to keep their ____ well.
A, healthy B, health C, unhealthy D, healthily 14.The girl looks as ____ as a film star.
A, lovely B, beautifully C, carefully D, swiftly 15.In the exam, the ____ you are, the ____ mistakes you’ll make.
A, carefully, little B, more careful, fewer
C, more careful, less D, more carefully, fewer。