专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷361(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷361(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
听力原文：How to Write a Dissertation Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to today’s lecture about writing. I have known that you are preparing to write a dissertation at present. Unless you have written many formal documents before, you are going to find that it’s difficult! So, in today’s lecture, I will talk about methods for writing a dissertation. The foremost things you should know are two necessary preparations for successful completion of a dissertation. The first is planning ahead. A plan imposes a structure on the project and prevents you from drifting aimlessly for long periods of time. It will help motivate you to work during tedious or difficult phases and provides the incentive to make sacrifices. The second is the maintenance of healthy balance. The dissertation is such a time-consuming project that it can seem impossible to lead a balanced life. Without a healthy balance of life, you may feel angry, resentful, frustrated, overwhelmed, and depressed on a consistent basis. In order to maintain a healthy balance, it is often helpful to devote time every day and week to your physical social intellectual, emotional and spiritual well-being. Next, I will provide you with a few general ideas about a dissertation. As we know, a thesis is a hypothesis or conjecture. A dissertation is a lengthy, formal document that argues in defense of a particular thesis. So many people use the term “thesis” to refer to the document that a current dictionary now includes it as the third meaning. No. 1: Scientific method. The scientific method adopted in a dissertation means starting with a hypothesis and then collecting evidence to support or deny it. Before one can write a dissertation defending a particular thesis, one must collect evidence that supports it. Thus, the most difficult aspect of writing a dissertation consists of organizing the evidence and associated discussions into a coherent form. No. 2: Critical thinking. The essence of a dissertation is critical thinking, not experimental data. Analysis and concepts form the heart of the work. A dissertation also concentrates on principles: it states the lessons learned, and not merely the facts behind them. No. 3: Supporting materials. In general, every statement in a dissertation must be supported either by a reference to published scientific literature or by original work. But, a dissertation does not repeat the details of critical thinking and analysis found in published sources: it uses the results as fact and refers the reader
to the source for further details. Each sentence in a dissertation must be complete and correct in a grammatical sense. Moreover, a dissertation must satisfy the strict rules of formal grammar. For example, no undefined technical jargon, no hidden jokes, and no slang, even when such terms or phrases are in common use in the spoken language. Indeed, the writing in a dissertation must be clear. Shades of meaning matter: the terminology and prose must make fine distinctions. The words must convey exactly the meaning intended, nothing more and nothing less. Each statement in a dissertation must be correct and defensible in a logical and scientific sense. Furthermore, the discussions in a dissertation must satisfy the strictest rules of logic applied to mathematics and science. Thirdly, we have to know what one should learn from the exercise. A11 scientists need to communicate discoveries: the dissertation provides training for communication with other scientists. Writing a dissertation requires a student to think deeply, to organize technical discussion, to muster arguments that will convince other scientists, and to follow rules for rigorous, formal presentation of the arguments and discussion. When writing a dissertation, we should also be clear about definitions and terminology. Each technical term used in a dissertation must be defined either by a reference to a previously published definition for standard terms with their usual meaning or by a precise, unambiguous definition that appears before the term is used for a new term or a standard term used in an unusual way. And each term should be used in one and only one way throughout the dissertation. The easiest way to avoid a long series of definitions is to include a statement. Then, only define exceptions. The introductory chapter can give the intuition of terms provided they are defined more precisely later. Last but not least important is language points. There is a principle we should remember, i.e. good writing is essential in a dissertation. As for voice, remember to use active constructions. For example, say “the operating system starts the device”instead of “the device is started by the operating system.” Then write in the present tense. For example, say “The system writes a page to the disk and then uses the frame” instead of “The system will use the frame after it wrote the page to disk”. Moreover, you should define negation early. For instance, say “no data block waits on the output queue”instead of “a data block awaiting output is not on the queue.”At last you should be careful that the subject of each sentence really does what the verb says it does. All computer scientists should know the rules of logic. Unfortunately the rules are more difficult to follow when the language of discourse is English instead of mathematical symbols. When written using mathematical symbols, the differences are obvious because “for all” and “there exists” are reversed. As far as the language points are concerned, there is a key to success: practice. No one ever learned to write by reading essays like this. Instead, you need to practice and practice. This is the secret to writing a good dissertation. To conclude, we have discussed some necessary preparations before writing a dissertation: What follows are some guiding principles, including some general ideas of a dissertation and how to reach a good writing. Finally, I provide you with a key to successful writing, i.e. practice. After this lecture, I hope you may find your dissertation-writing smooth.
How to Write a Dissertation I. Two necessary preparationsA.
Planning【T1】______【T1】______B. The【T2】______ of balanced life【T2】______all you have to do: devote time to physical, social,intellectual,【T3】______ well-being【T3】______II. The general ideaA. A thesis is a hypothesis or conjectureB.
A dissertation is a lengthy,【T4】______【T4】______1. Scientific methodThe scientific method needs a【T5】______ of evidence【T5】______—to support a hypothesis —to deny a hypothesis2.【T6】______【T6】______—the essence of a dissertation — a dissertation【T7】______ principles【T7】______3. Supporting materialsA dissertation must【T8】______ every statement with a【T8】______reference or original work—It does not repeat details of published materials—It uses the results as fact III. Learning from the exerciseA Getting trained to【T9】______ with other scientists 【T9】______B. Learning to think deeply IV. Definitions and terminologyA Each technical term must be defined—by a reference to a definition【T10】______【T10】______—by a precise, unambiguous definition beforea)the term is used for a new termb)a standard term used in an unusual wayB. Each term should be used in one and only one way throughout the dissertationV. Language pointsA. Good writing is【T11】______ in a dissertation【T11】______B. Using active constructionsC. Writing in the 【T12】______tense【T12】______D.【T13】______negation early【T13】______E. Paying attention to【T14】______【T14】______VI. Key to success:【T15】______【T15】______
1．【T1】
正确答案：ahead／／beforehand
解析：讲座的主题是“methods for writing a dissertation(撰写学位论文的方法)”，接着提出2个必要准备，其中之一就是planning ahead，可知答案为ahead，或其近义表达beforehand。

知识模块：听力
2．【T2】
正确答案：maintenance
解析：两个必要的准备中的另外一个是和谐生活的维持，由此可知答案为maintenance。

知识模块：听力
3．【T3】
正确答案：emotional and spiritual
解析：为了维持健康的平衡，需要做的就是把时间投入到身体、交际、脑力、情感以及精神的健康上，前面几项都已列出，可知答案为emotional and spiritual。

知识模块：听力
4．【T4】
正确答案：formal document
解析：录音材料提到博士学位论文是一种lengthy,formal document，由此可知答案为formal document。

定义性或概念性的信息是常考之处，也是理解全文的关键。

知识模块：听力
5．【T5】
正确答案：collection
解析：原文材料提到“科学的方法为：先提出假设，再收集证据对其进行论证或推翻”，空格处需要一个名词．由此可知答案为collection。

序列词之后的信息为常考点。

知识模块：听力
6．【T6】
正确答案：critical thinking
解析：录音材料提到第二点为“批判地思考”，其后又提及“学位论文的精髓要求批判地思考”，对照考题，由此可知答案为critical thinking。

知识模块：听力
7．【T7】
正确答案：concentrates on
解析：讲座在讲述批判性思考时，还提到学位论文还侧重于原理，由此可知答案为concentrates on。

知识模块：听力
8．【T8】
正确答案：support
解析：根据录音原文“一般来说，论文中的每一个论证都应具备相应的支持(support)，无论是已出版的科技文章还是原著”，可知答案为support。

知识模块：听力
9．【T9】
正确答案：communicate
解析：此题谈到人们应从练习中学习的其中一个方面，即“所有的科学家都需要对所发现的事物进行交流探讨，博士论文就为此提供了训练的机会”，可知答案为communicate。

知识模块：听力
10．【T10】
正确答案：previously published
解析：此题谈论文写作中的下定义和术语界定，具体提到“用于学术论文中的每一个术语，都必须收录在之前出版的标准术语参考文献中”，由此可知答案为previously published。

知识模块：听力
11．【T11】
正确答案：essential／／important／／vital
解析：此题涉及人们必须知道的最重要原则，即Good writing is essential in a dissertation．由此可知答案为essential，或其近义表达important或vital。

知识模块：听力
12．【T12】
正确答案：present
解析：此题涉及论文写作中的时态，录音原文建议write in the present tense，再对照考题，可知答案为present。

知识模块：听力
13．【T13】
正确答案：Defining
解析：在讲到语言点的时候，讲座还提到了你应该提早明确否定，原文中出现的原词是define，而空格处需要填入动词的现在分词形式，所以答案为Defining，注意首字母要大写。

知识模块：听力
14．【T14】
正确答案：grammar and logic
解析：原文提到你应该当心每个句子的主语要和动词保持一致，还有所有的电脑科学家应该懂得逻辑规则，总结起来就是要注意语法和逻辑，所以答案为grammar and logic。

知识模块：听力
15．【T15】
正确答案：practice
解析：此题总结成功的秘诀，即there is a key to success：practice。

由此可知答案为practice。

知识模块：听力
SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.
听力原文：Mrs. Harris has come to see the headmaster of her son’s school to ask his advice about her son’s further education.M: Good morning. Mrs. Harris. Do sit
down. I understand you’d like to have a word with me about William.W: Yes, that’s right, headmaster. I hope I should see you as soon as possible before William does anything he’ll regret.M: Regret? Mrs. Harris?W: Well, you see, he has his heart set on becoming an artist. My husband and I think he ought to take up something more secure. I mean even if he went to art school, there would be no guarantee that he could get a good job afterwards.M: He could probably teach, Mrs. Harris.W: He wouldn’t like that. He says he wouldn’t be a teacher if it were the last job on earth. Oh, ha, beg your pardon, headmaster, I didn’t mean...M: Not at all, Mrs. Harris. I wouldn’t have been a teacher myself if I’d had my way. I’d have been an actor if my parents had let me. So I have some sympathy with William’s problems. Now, let’s see, if he wants to be an artist, he’ll have to decide what sort of artist he wants to be.W: I don’t quite follow you, headmaster.M: Well, choosing a major can be a tricky endeavor that requires a great deal of planning. What I mean is if he wants to be a commercial graphic artist or cartoonist, that sort of thing, he might do very well if he took an art course at a technical college. And besides, the entry qualifications wouldn’t be so stiff. On the other hand, if he wants to go to one of the major art schools, you’d better not raise his hopes too high. There’s a good deal of competition to get accepted. And he’d have to have at least three O levels and two A’s at good grades before he’d even be considered. Oh, and there is another thing, he’d have to do a year’s foundation course first, probably at another college. He’d get a grant of course, provided he’d got the right O’s and A’s. W: But art, headmaster, it’s so chancy.M: I don’t think you should stand in his way, Mrs. Harris. If I were you, I’d let him decide himself. You’d better accept the fact that nowadays young people don’t worry about security the way we did when we were young. Hobbies are often a predictor of what one should choose as his major. It is great that your son starts identifying his passions.1. What is the purpose of Mrs. Harris’ visit to the headmaster?2. What did the headmaster set heart on when he was young?3. According to the headmaster, what do we learn about major art schools?4. According to the headmaster, what do nowadays young people like?5. What can we learn from this part of the conversation?
16．
A．To make a special plea for future cooperation.
B．To seek advice on her son’s major in college.
C．To show her regret at the school’s education.
D．To guarantee William’s security in school.
正确答案：B
解析：对话一开始Mrs．Harris就开门见山说明来意，想让校长帮忙确保儿子William选择相对保险的专业以利将来谋生。

可见Mrs．Harris目的是为儿子的专业选择征求意见，故B为正确答案。

知识模块：听力
17．
A．An acting career.
B．A sporting career.
C．Becoming a teacher.
D．Becoming an architect.
正确答案：A
解析：对话中Mrs．Harris担心William若选择艺术专业将找不到安稳的工作，校长安慰说William将来可以教书，Mrs．Harris说儿子绝不会当老师，并为此话可能冒犯校长而道歉，校长却坦言，自己年轻时如果父母同意他自由选择，他也不会当老师，而会选择当演员。

因此A为正确答案。

知识模块：听力
18．
A．They recruit students from technical colleges.
B．Most students graduated there would be cartoonists.
C．The entrance competition is awfully fierce.
D．The students must take a foundation course there.
正确答案：C
解析：问题与major art schools有关。

对话提到，如果William想要去专业艺术院校，最好不要抱太高期望，因为竞争激烈，必须成绩优异才有录取机会，还得先读一年基础课，有可能还在外校读。

由此可知，C“入学竞争相当激烈”是符合专业艺术院校事实的表述。

知识模块：听力
19．
A．They don’t prefer to choose hobbies as their majors.
B．They accept the fact that parents make decisions for them.
C．They know what their passions are before entering colleges.
D．They are unconcerned about security when choosing majors.
正确答案：D
解析：问题与现在的年轻人有关。

对话中校长劝Mrs．Harris不要代替William 做决定，现在的年轻人不像他们当年那样担心安稳(don’t worry about security)。

D项are unconcerned about是原文的同义表达，故正确。

A“不愿意选择兴趣当专业”和B“接受父母替他们做决定的事实”都与事实相反。

C“在进大学前知道自己酷爱什么”指的是William，而非现在的年轻人普遍都这样。

知识模块：听力
20．
A．Choosing art as a major takes a risk.
B．Mrs. Harris thinks art schools are hard to enter for.
C．The entry qualifications of colleges are tough.
D．Going to art schools requires 3 A’s and 2 O’s.
正确答案：A
解析：对话开头Mrs．Harris就担心儿子选择艺术专业会找不到安稳的工作，校长介绍专业艺术院校的情况后，她更加觉得选择艺术专业很冒险(so chancy)。

A项的take a risk是其同义替换，为答案。

C错在把major art schools放宽到colleges
了。

知识模块：听力
听力原文：W: Well, I must admit my husband and I would’ve felt much happier if he’d chosen to do something else. Perhaps it’s still not too late for him to change his mind. You know, I could get him a good job with my own firm if he had a science degree. You know, and future possibilities... a great salary. opportunities to make a difference in the community, and supporting...M: From what I know of him, Mrs. Harris, I don’t think he’s the sort of boy to change his mind, not in a hurry, at any rate. In any case, I think you ought to let him decide. Let him focus on his strengths and stick to what he is good at. If he enjoys art, don’t force a science major, or it will probably prove disastrous and he will end up changing later anyway.W: But an artist, headmaster, what’s he going to live on?M: Making a career as an artist isn’t easy, of course. But William’s always been interested in painting: you know that, and this field will give him the opportunity to live out his dream. It would be a good idea if you had a talk with your Art Master Mr. Simms. He can tell you more about the possibilities than I can. I know he thinks very highly of William’s work, though you’d better not tell William that I’ve said so.W: I suppose I shouldn’t worry so much, headmaster. But I can’t say I like the idea—painting pictures and that, it doesn’t seem like real work to me.M: On second thoughts, I think the best thing would be for me to have a word with Mr. Simms first and find out what he thinks of William’s chances of being accepted at art school. It’s a very liberal training, you know, not just painting pictures.W: No, of course not. Thank you very much for your advice, headmaster. I’d be grateful if you let me know what Mr. Simms says.M: I’ll do that, Mrs. Harris, and in the mean time, don’t worry about William. He’ll be all right so long as he does as well as he’s doing at present.6. Why does Mrs. Harris want her son William to be a science degree holder?7. What can we learn form the conversation?8. What do we learn about the headmaster’s opinion?9. According to the conversation, what do we learn about William’s art talent?10. What does the headmaster suggest Mrs. Harris do at the end of the conversation?
21．
A．Because William is interested in it.
B．Because William is good at this field.
C．Because it promises a well-paid job.
D．Because her firm is in want of scientists.
正确答案：C
解析：Mrs．Harris提到，如果William能拿到理科学位，自己的公司可以为他提供一份不错的工作。

a good job，a great salaries等溢美之词表明她对于儿子找到好工作的厚望，因此C正确。

注意说话人婉转表明自己立场的用语，例如I could…if，I must admit…。

知识模块：听力
22．
A．William has no enthusiasm of painting now.
B．Mrs. Harris is happy about Williams’ decision.
C．William’s mother runs her own business.
D．A science degree guarantees one outstanding.
正确答案：C
解析：Mrs．Harris说如果William有理科学位，会在自己的公司给他找个好工作。

由此可知C项“William的妈妈经营自己的公司”正确。

对话中校长提到，William一直对画画感兴趣(always been interested in)，A项说他现在没有，与原文不符；虽然Ms．Harris觉得理科学位有保障，但不能等同于学理科让人出色，D项的outstanding没有依据。

知识模块：听力
23．
A．William can make a comfortable living as an artist.
B．Mrs. Harris should persuade William to come down to earth.
C．It’s unwise to force William to choose an art major.
D．William won’t make a change of his decision easily.
正确答案：D
解析：校长说，以他对William的了解，他不是一个会改变想法的男生(don’t think he’s…)。

D“William不会轻易改变自己的决定”与原文一致。

校长明确说以艺术家作为职业不容易，A项的comfortable与此相反；B“Mrs．Harris应劝William回到现实”与校长说的let him decide“让他做决定”不符；William 自己想选艺术专业，C项中的force“强迫”不对。

知识模块：听力
24．
A．It’s highly appreciated by Mr. Simms.
B．He’s good at painting pictures on the wall.
C．It made him easily choose art for a living.
D．It helps him to apply for a science major.
正确答案：A
解析：问题询问与William的艺术才能相关的选项。

校长建议Mrs．Harris 找William的美术老师Mr．Simms聊聊，他对William的作品评价很高。

A项is highly appreciated是把原文thinks very highly of转换成了被动表达，意思一致，为答案。

知识模块：听力
25．
A．Persuade her son into making a more realistic decision.
B．Prepare her son for an art course at a technical college.
C．Wait until the headmaster discusses with Mr. Simms.
D．Talk with Mr. Simms about William’s chance of acceptance.
正确答案：C
解析：对话接近尾声时，校长先是建议Mrs．Harris向Mr．Simms征求意见，但在Mr．Harris坚持认为艺术作为谋生手段不切实际时，校长决定亲自与
Mr．Simms探讨William被艺术院校录取的可能性，因此C为正确答案。

知识模块：听力。