高中英语第13讲：语法满分冲刺12：虚拟语气(2)b

高考英语一轮总复习第13讲虚拟语气(2) 课后作业
一、单项选择
1．(2012·安徽高考)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ______ there，she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
A．lives B．would live C．has lived D．were to live
2．(2012·福建高考)We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we ______ more places of interest yesterday.
A．visited B．had visited C．would visit D．would have visited
3．(2012·湖南高考)Sorry，I am too busy now. If I ______ time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A．have had B．had had C．have D．had
4．(2012·天津高考)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold ______ us a ride home. A．didn't offer B．wouldn't offer C．hasn't offered D．hadn't offered 5．(2011·课标全国高考)They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A．will B．can C．must D．should
6．(2011·北京高考)—Where are the children？The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ______ always late.
A．weren't B．hadn't been C．wouldn't be D．wouldn't have been
7．(2011·北京高考)Maybe if I ______ science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.
A．studied B．would study C．had studied D．was studying
8．(2011·天津高考)I ______ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.
A．had come B．was coming C．would come D．would have come 9．(2011·福建高考)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I ______ it，but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A．attended B．had attended C．would attend D．would have attended 10．(2011·陕西高考)I_____ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A．couldn't have gone B．didn't go C．wouldn't go D．hadn't gone
11.(2013·北京卷·T34)If we a table earlier, we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue.
A. have booked
B. booked
C. book
D. had booked
12. (2013·安徽卷·T28)I to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.
A. went
B. had gone
C. would go
D. would have gone
13.(2013·陕西卷·T12)My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend.
A. should
B. might
C. could
D. would
14.(2013·浙江卷·T8)Eye do ctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam at the age of six months old.
A. was
B. be
C. were
D. is
15.(2013·天津卷·T14)If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he able to speak it much better now.
A. will be
B. would be
C. has been
D. would have been
16.(2013·福建卷·T30)—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No. If so, he his car to our college yesterday.
A. would drive
B. drove
C. would have driven
D. had driven
17.(2013·重庆卷·T29)—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella. —Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we.
A. hadn’t
B. haven’t
C. didn’t
D. don’t
18.(2013·江苏卷·T30)I should not have laughed if I you were serious.
A. thought
B. would think
C. had thought
D. have thought
19．(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)What do you mean, there are only ten tickets？There________ be twelve. A．should B．would
C．will D．shall
20．(2009·江苏高考)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ________it differently. A．could express B．would express
C．could have expressed D．must have expressed
二、语法填空题
One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 1 (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 2 the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 3 (sit) at the front. He 4 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be 5 (mental) disabled. Behind him were other people to 6 he was trying to talk, but after some minutes 7 walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him 8 his own either.
After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had 9 amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.
I’m glad I made a choice. It made 10 of us feel good.
三、完形填空
You Are Going Places
One day I came home from school, changed my clothes and got ready for work. I work at a local restaurant in town as a cashier and waiter.
I went to work feeling 1 . And to make matters worse, I was busy that evening. It’ s the same thing over and over again. 2 with customers who complain about their food and where they are 3 is too big or too small. Little things like that tend to 4 a lot of us 5 , but we manage to deal with them.
Three elderly ladies walked in and sat by the window. It happened to be the very 6 near where I kept the dirty 7 in the boxes. Trying to keep up with all the dirty tables, customers leaving and coming in and 8 running all over the house, it was crazy. 9 these elderly women were watching 10 I was working to make sure every table was clean and ready for the next customers.
When they 11 their meals, I took their plates back to the kitchen. They talked to me for a while about school, how I was doing, what 12 I was in and what I planned to do in the future.
13 they were leaving, they walked past me and one of them said to me in a 14 and gentle voice, “You are going places. ”And that was it. They left the15 and I had tears in my eyes, because they gave me 16 to believe in myself. They 17 my spirit from being down and gave me a 18 to keep on working hard.
People used to tell me that I couldn’t have a career in19 until I had a degree. I’m now a co-anchor (联合主持人)of a student-produced television 20 . And the best thing is: I’m only 17 years old and I am a senior in high school.
1. A. tired B. excited C. up D. down
2. A. Dealing B. Helping C. Talking D. Meeting
3. A. sat B. seated C. laid D. seating
4. A. attract B. avoid C. adjust D. annoy
5. A. employees B. customers C. bosses D. employers
6. A. table B. box C. spot D. kitchen
7. A. dishes B. rooms C. clothes D. customers
8.A. men B. women C. servers D. customers
9. A. And B. Otherwise C. But D. So
10. A. what B. how C. where D. why
11. A. finished B. completed C. ordered D. got
12. A. place B. grade C. mark D. position
13. A. Before B. While C. As D. After
14. A. confident B. loud C. low D. pleasant
15. A. kitchen B. house C. restaurant D. table
16. A. ability B. courage C. imagination D. time
17. A. put down B. picked up C. took over D.pointed out
18.A. cause B. reason C. present D. permission
19.A. television B. government C. school D. restaurant
20.A. company B. station C. show D. advertisement
参考答案
一、单项选择
1．D句意：格雷斯不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果她住在那儿的话，就不能经常见到她的父母了。

由句意可知，这是对将来事情的虚拟。

故主句中要用“would＋动词原形”，条件句中可以用were to do, 一般过去时态或者should ＋do。

所以只有D项符合题意。

2．D由句子中的“我们在那个小村庄里迷了路”与otherwise可想到本题考查对过去事情的虚拟语气；otherwise等于if we hadn't lost our way in that small village，因此其主句的谓语应用“would have done”的形式，故答案为D项。

3．D句意：很抱歉，我现在很忙。

要是我有时间，一定会与你去远足的。

根据句意可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句中的谓语动词要用过去式。

故D项正确。

4．D句意：昨天，如果不是哈罗德让我们搭他的车回家，我们就叫辆出租车了。

表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句的谓语动词用过去完成时。

5．D should have done意为“本该做某事(但实际上未做)”，符合句意。

句意：他们本该在午饭的时候到达，但是他们的航班延误了。

A项为将来完成时；B项的can表推测，不能用于肯定句中；C项构成must have done结构，表示“一定做过某事”。

6．A本题是考查wish后接虚拟语气的用法，而且是对现在情况的虚拟，应用一般过去时表示。

句意：——孩子们到哪儿去了？饭菜快凉了。

——真希望他们不要总这么晚。

7．C由“if I ...then”可知，从句是对过去事情的虚拟，应用过去完成时。

句意：或许当时如果我学自然科学而不学文学的话，我就会给你更多的帮助。

故选C项。

8．D由空后的but I didn't know that they were waiting for me可知“我”并没有早点来，因此第一句是一个虚拟语气的句子。

因为讲述的过去的事情，所以句子应借助于“would＋have ＋过去分词”的形式。

本句可以改为以下形式：I would have come sooner if I had known that they were waiting for me.句意：我本来能够早点来，但是我不知道他们在等着我。

故选D 项。

9．D由but后的I was busy preparing for a job interview可知说话者并没有去听演讲，因此此处应是一个表示过去情况的虚拟语气。

对过去的事情进行虚拟时，主句应用“would＋have＋过去分词”。

本句可以改为I would have attended it if I hadn't been busy preparing for a job interview.句意：——你错过了关于核污染的演讲真是遗憾。

——我本想去参加的，但是我正忙着准备工作面试。

故选D项。

10．A句意：如果没有你们慷慨相助，我不可能度过那段艰辛的岁月。

表达与过去事实相反的虚拟时，主句用“wou ld/could/should/might＋have done”，故选A项。

11.选D。

考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果我们早些预订餐桌,现在就不会站在这里排队了。

此题为混合虚拟条件句,主句是与现在事实相反,从句与过去事实相反,故从句使用过去完成时。

12.选D。

考查虚拟语气。

句意:昨晚我本应去参加堂兄的生日晚会,但是我没空。

根据句中last night及but可知本题表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

13.选A。

考查虚拟语气。

句意:妈妈建议我们这周末换换口味出去吃饭。

suggest如果意为“建议”的话,后跟的从句要用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用“(should+)do”的形式,故选A。

14.选B。

考查虚拟语气。

句意:眼科医生建议,孩子的第一次眼睛检查应该在6个月大时进行。

recommend建议,其宾语从句中用should do表虚拟语气,且should可以省略。

故选B。

15.选B。

考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果他以前多花时间练习说英语的话,他现在就能说得好多了。

这是一个if引导的错综时间的虚拟语气。

根据后面的“now”可推知主句谓语动词应该用would/could/should/might +do的形式,故选B。

16.选C。

考查虚拟语气。

句意:——你认为乔治已经通过驾照考试了吗?——没有。

如果通过了,昨天他就已经开车去我们大学了。

由yesterday可知本句是与过去事实相反的假设,所填处是主句的谓语动词,故用would have done的形式,因此选C。

17.选A。

考查虚拟语气。

句意:——今早上下了滂沱大雨。

很高兴我们带了伞。

——是的。

要是我们没带的话就全身湿透了。

与过去事实相反的虚拟语气从句使用过去完成时,故选A。

18.选C。

考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果我早知道你是认真的话,我原本不该嘲笑你的。

主句中
谓语动词使用should not have laughed,表明与过去的事实相反,从句应该使用had done。

19.选A考查情态动词。

句意：你说的是什么意思？只有10张票吗？本来应该有12张票的。

情态动词should表示“应该”，符合句意。

20.选C考查情态动词的用法。

根据句意可知他觉得本来能够用别的方式表达的(却没有那样做)。

显然是对过去的事表示遗憾，因此应该使用could have done，表示本来可以做却未做。

二、语法填空
1.【答案】later，指那天晚些时候。

【命题立意】考查形容词的级。

【解题思路】根据句意可知此处时间状语意思是：当天晚些时候，用late的比较级。

2.【答案】until
【命题立意】考查状语从句。

【解题思路】根据句意可以猜测出其意思是：表示“直到”，用until/till，即“等到车来”。

3.【答案】sitting/sit
【命题立意】考查非谓语动词。

【解题思路】做感官动词notice的宾语补足语，与notice的动作同时进行，用v-ing形式；表示客观事实，notice的宾语补足语用不带to的动词不定式。

看见某人在做某事，用notice sb. doing/do sth.。

4.【答案】was pretending
【命题立意】考查动词时态。

【解题思路】所填词表示当时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。

注意与后面的giving it a voice并列。

5.【答案】mentally
【命题立意】考查副词。

【解题思路】修饰形容词作状语，，应用副词。

6.【答案】whom
【命题立意】考查定语从句。

【解题思路】由talk to sb.可知，用to whom引导定语从句。

先行词是people，关系词在从句中作介词to的宾语，用whom。

7.【答案】they
【命题立意】考查代词。

【解题思路】做句子主语，指代前文中的people，故用人称代词的主格they。

8.【答案】on
【命题立意】考查介词。

【解题思路】此处所填词与one’s own构成搭配，因定词组on one’s own (=alone)，做状语，用on。

9.【答案】an
【命题立意】考查冠词。

【解题思路】此处所填词构成短语have a/an …conversation，意思是：和……交谈，用冠词an。

10.【答案】both
【命题立意】考查不定代词，
【解题思路】作made宾语用代词；又由上文"We (指I and the mentally disabled man) had an amazing conversation"可知，本句中的us指作者和那个弱智者“两人都”很高兴是两个人，故此处用both。

三、完形填空
1.【解析】选D。

我去上班的时候心情非常不好。

feeling down 是现在分词作伴随状语，意为“闷闷不乐”。

倒数第二段的They ______ my spirit from being down. . . 也说明了该题答案。

2.【解析】选A。

应付那些抱怨食品等的顾客。

deal with对付；help with帮助做……；talk with和……交谈；meet with遇到，经受。

3.【解析】选B。

顾客抱怨他们坐的位置。

seat“使就座”，be seated意为“坐下，就座”；sit 是不及物动词，应为where they sat。

4.【解析】选D。

诸如此类的小事容易使我们雇员烦恼。

annoy表示“使生气”。

因为作者前面提到了顾客的种种抱怨，因此那些小事只能导致雇员烦恼、生气。

attract吸引；avoid避免；adjust调整。

5.【解析】选A。

句中的us和下文的we给出了提示。

employees表示“受雇者，雇工”。

6.【解析】选C。

她们碰巧坐在我存放用过的盘子的盒子的地方附近。

spot表示“地方，地点”。

根据后面的where I kept the dirty in the boxes，排除B项；不可能把脏盘子放在客人用餐的桌子上，故排除A；kitchen不会与客人用餐的地方处于同一个位置，故排除D。

7.【解析】选A。

the dirty dishes指客人用过的盘子。

因为作者是在餐厅打工的学生，所以“端盘子”才能与文章主题相符。

8.【解析】选C。

顾客们的进进出出、服务人员的穿梭走动。

该空指服务人员在餐馆的来回走动，穿梭服务。

顾客们是来这里就餐的，不能来回走，故排除D。

A、B两项太片面。

9.【解析】选C。

虽然餐馆处于一片忙乱的状态，但是这三位妇女在专心地看着我。

该空前的crazy给出了暗示。

10.【解析】选B。

注视着我为了确保每张桌子是干净的去迎接下一批顾客而多么努力地工作。

how相当于how hard。

11.【解析】选A。

她们吃完饭的时候。

根据下文的I took their plates back to the kitchen排除
C、D选项；complete往往用于完成“建筑物”、“工程”、“书籍”等；而finish指做完手中的事情，如“用完”、“吃完”等。

12.【解析】选B。

她们询问我上哪个年级。

通过上下文，可知作者是个打工的学生，故B 项符合文意。

grade年级；mark分数。

13.【解析】选C。

当她们离开的时候，她们经过我身边。

as引导时间状语从句时，表示主、从句的动作同时发生。

由句意排除A、D两项；while引导时间状语从句时，从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词。

14.【解析】选A。

她们从我身边经过时，有一个人用自信且温和的语调说。

由下文的You are going places. (你前途无量)推测说话者语气。

因为说话人在鼓励作者，所以只有A项符合语境。

15.【解析】选C。

她们离开了餐馆。

由下文知道，they指three elderly ladies，她们来餐馆用餐。

16.【解析】选B。

根据文意可知，别人给予了作者自信的“勇气”，作者才得以重新振作起来。

17.【解析】选B。

她们让我振作起来。

pick up使恢复精神。

put down放下，镇压；take over 接管；point out指出。

18.【解析】选B。

她们给了我继续努力的理由。

reason表示某种行为的原因；cause表示某种现象的原因。

19.【解析】选A。

有人曾经告诉我，没有学位，我就不能从事电视台的工作。

下文的I’m now a co-anchor of a student-produced television ______. 暗示了本题的答案。

20.【解析】选C。

a student-produced television show表示学生制作的电视节目。

show表示“演出，表演节目”。

长难句分析
一、长难句的分类
1、带有较多成分的简单句。

如：
Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television pr ograms and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used. 例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。

在这个有30多个词的简单句中，动词-ing形式短语用作时间状语，不定式to be used修饰的不仅是women’s magazine，而且还修饰television programs and stations. exact television
同时修饰programs和stations两个词，这在翻译中可以看出来。

插入语for instance把主语和谓语分隔开了。

2、含有多个简单句的并列句。

如：
In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.在20世纪70年代，他在耶鲁当外科医生，有位出色的太太和5个漂亮的孩子，但他那时过得却很不开心。

在第二个并列句中，即在had前面省略了and he.
Discrimination(歧视) isn’t their only concern；almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington’s gene(基因) develops symptoms(症状) during middle age，and doctors can do nothing to help. 担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑，几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来，而医生对此却无能为力。

三个分句均为简单句，分别用分号和and连接。

3、含有多个从句的复合句。

如：
I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.
我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：由于地球上人口的不断增长，由于我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。

在possibility后由that引导的同位语从句中还含有一并列结构的时间状语从句：as…resources.
However，those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students(文科生) graduate with the belief that the prospective(预期的) workplace may not have a place for them.
然而，我们这些有这个年龄段孩子的家长们都知道，这样的机会少得可怜；我们也知道，许多文科毕业生认为未来的就业市场没有他们的一席之地。

本句的主谓语是：those of us know。

know有两个由that引导的宾语从句，其中第二个省略了know。

在主句中还有一个定语从句修饰those of us，在第二个宾语从句中还有一个同位语从句修饰belief。

4、含有多个插入成分的句子。

如：
His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently（无知地）enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.他在电子邮件的地狱之旅是糊里糊涂开始的。

作为国际计算机联合公司这家软件公司的董事长，他当时还是第一次听说他的雇员们是多么快地就接受了他们公司的新的电子邮件系统。

as chairman of Computer Associates International是he的同位语，a software company是Computer Associates International的同位语，他们将从属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。

5、并列复合句。

如：
I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse，but I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not，change was unavoidable.
我经历过好的变化，也经历过坏的变化，但是我从来没有怀疑过这样一个事实，即不管我喜欢与否，变化总是不可避免的。

在but后的那个并列的分句中有一个同位语从句，其中还含有一个让步状语从句。

They also found that the bus conductor had a major role in preventing vandalism（故意破坏行为），and at the times he went up the stairs to the upper deck to collect fares，vandalism did not often occur.
他们还发现公交车售票员在防止发生故意破坏方面发挥了重要的作用。

当售票员到双层公交车的上层收费时，破坏行为就不常发生。

在前一个并列分句中有一个宾语从句，在后一个并列的分句中有一个修饰times的定语从句，这个定语从句前省略了关系词that或when.
二、长难句分析步骤
1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。

2、如果是简单句，首先确定主谓结构；接着确定宾语和宾语补足语（如有的话）；然后确定定语和状语等次要成分，即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。

按照所确定的各个成分，给出全句大意（可用翻译法）。

译文意思应当通顺，并和上下文意义基本吻合。

如意义出入较大，文理不通，则分析可能有误，这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析。

3、如果是并列句，首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后将全句综合考虑。

4、如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词并确定出主句，这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后确定从句的性质，即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构；最后整体考虑全句大意，尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。

三、长难句分析的注意事项
在分析句子成分时，还应特别注意下列几点：
1、是否有同位语和插入语。

2、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。

3、替代词的所指对象。

4、判断并列成分的层次。

5、句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将他们归入后文的句法分析。

6、在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。

7、非限定动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时又带着自己较长的从属成分，尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析。

8、在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词、短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。

练习：
1.Canada has vast areas of wilderness, from the Arctic north, where average winter
temperatures are usually minus 20 degrees centigrade, to the 8,892-kilometre-long border with
the USA to the south, which is the longest border in the world not defended by an army or the police.
2.Montreal, a port in the province of Quebec, is the second largest city in Canada, and also the
second largest French-speaking city in the world, Paris being the largest.
3.As a modern, dynamic city, Montreal has a lively night scene, with many restaurants and
clubs, as well as cultural and street festivals to ensure that no visitor is ever bored.
4.It also has superb scenery, a beautiful harbour, and all the comforts of modern life and
international cuisine, in addition to being close to some very popular ski areas.
5.The waterfalls, the largest of which is shaped like a semicircle, are 670 metres wide, and fall
56 metres in an awesome white sheet of water.
6.Although only a handful of people became successful, many stayed and built settlements in
the area, and there are now many museums showing what life was like back then.
7.Indeed, sitting in front of the television watching a sports event, with a drink in one hand and
some fast food in the other, is very common in Australia.
8.Another popular sport, cricket, is originally from the UK, and has been exported to and
followed in countries influenced by it, such as Australia, India, Pakistan, Kenya and South Africa.
9.I think that that that that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong.
10.Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，
for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used.
11.Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term
teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures。

(2009 江苏)
12.However，those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are
relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students(文科生) graduate with the belief that the prospective(预期的) workplace may not have a place for them.
13.If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language,
you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.
14.He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill，in Bedfordshire，and
thought that he must have tried the hare in a place he knew well，but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773．
15.It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected
computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.（NMET2003.E篇）。