新世纪大学英语综合教程4(第二版)
新世纪大学英语综合教程第四册新理念单元测试答案U2-C
新世纪（第二版）综合B4U2-C（试卷总分：100分）Part I Listening Comprehension ( 8 minutes )Directions: In this section, you will hear several conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer.∙1. A) She is on the train.该选项共0人选择B) She's looking at a time table.该选项共2人选择C) She needs to buy a map.该选项共0人选择D) She's taking pictures.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: I can't find the arrival times for the New York to Boston trains on this schedule.M: Look for New York in the left-hand column and follow i t across until you find the hour listed in the Boston column.Q: What is the woman doing?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙2. A) A shop assistant.该选项共0人选择B) A telephone operator.该选项共0人选择C) A wai t ress.该选项共2人选择D) A clerk.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: M: How about the food I ordered? I've been waiting for twenty minutes already.W: I'm very sorry, sir. I'll be back with your order in a minute.Q: What's the woman's job?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：C∙3. A) The idea of the paper is convincing.该选项共0人选择B) Some parts of the paper are not well written.该选项共2人选择C) The handwriting is not good.该选项共0人选择D) The paper is not complete.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: What do you think of my paper?M: Well, the idea is quite good. Were I you, I'd rewrite the last two paragraphs to make it better.Q: What does the man think about the woman's paper?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙4. A) The classes have improved his health.该选项共2人选择B) His new glasses fit better than the old ones.该选项共0人选择C) He's thinking of taking chess classes.该选项共0人选择D) He's unhappy about his life.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: You look great since you took those yoga and dancing classes.M: Thanks. I've never felt better in my life.Q: What does the man imply?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：A∙5. A) Colleagues.该选项共0人选择B) Employer and employee.该选项共0人选择C) Husband and wife.该选项共0人选择D) Mother and son.该选项共2人选择∙∙∙Script: W: John, what are you doing on your computer? Don't you remember your promise?M: This is not a game. It's only a crossword puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D∙6. A) The woman will follow the man wherever he goes.该选项共0人选择B) The man and the woman are lost.该选项共2人选择C) The man and the woman will go different routes from each other.该选项共0人选择D) The woman doesn't agree that it is the best route.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: M: Don't you think if we stick to the road path rather than wander off into the forest, we'll at least have a better chance of coming across someone?W: I think I'd go along with you there.Q: What can be inferred about the speakers?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙7. A) He did almost nothing.该选项共0人选择B) He played the main role in the project.该选项共0人选择C) He just did his part of the work.该选项共2人选择D) He was indispensable to the working team.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W:I'm proud of you, building that bridge. I t's the greatest thing I have ever seen in my life.M:Oh, I am only a small part of a team. There are more than 200 professional people on this job.Q:What does the man think of his contribution to the building of the bridge?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：C∙8. A) He stayed at home.该选项共1人选择B) He bought a car.该选项共1人选择C) He made more money.该选项共0人选择D) He went traveling.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: Where did you go for your holidays this year?M: Well, we're trying to save money to buy a car. So we decided not to go away.Q: What did the man do during the holidays?∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（2.00分）：A∙9. A) She is jogging.该选项共0人选择B) She is shopping.该选项共2人选择C) She is working.该选项共0人选择D) She is drinking milk.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: M:Where is Cindy now?W:She ran out of milk and went out to get some.Q:What is Cindy most probably doing now?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙10. A) The lost of some TV equipment.该选项共0人选择B) The delay in the delivery of certain goods.该选项共1人选择C) The improper functioning of the audi t department.该选项共0人选择D) The mistake made in the Atlantic Company's order.该选项共1人选择∙∙∙Script: M:Excuse me. I am from the Atlantic TV Appliances Company. I'd like to make some enquiries about our goods that we ordered two weeks ago.W:Oh yes ... but your order went to the audi t department by mistake. That's why there was a delay.Q:What problem are the two speakers talking about?∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（2.00分）：BPart II Reading Comprehension ( 24 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each c hoice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.∙The US software developer that claimed Green Dam-Youth Escort software infringed (侵犯……的权利)the copyright of their product is attempting to stop more computers 11 from using the software.California-based Solid Oak sent "cease and desist" letters to other US personal computer manufacturers besides Dell and Hewlett Packard, which had already received letters on Tuesday, Jenna DiPasquale, head of Solid Oak PR and Marketing, told China Daily yesterday. DiPasquale didn't provide the names of the computer manufacturers. Dell and HP had 12 received "cease and desist" letters from the company,13 them to stop distributing computers containing the alleged copied software on Tuesday.DiPasquale said yesterday she had no update yet on the possibility of filing suit in China against the two Chinese developers of Green Dam pornographic filter, Jinhui Computer System Engineering Co. and Dazheng Human Language Technology Co. But Solid Oak has been approached by several law firms in China who have 14 their services, according to DiPasquale.Zhang Chenmin, general manager of Jinhui, could not be reached for comment Thursday but said 15 this week that the software programs might have similarities but the code was not stolen. "After all, they areall well-known international pornographic websites that all porn-filters are meant to block. We didn't steal their programming code," Zhang said Sunday. An official of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) said the ministry had not received any 16 documents regarding Green Dam's possible lawsuit, so he 17 to make any comments yesterday.The Green Dam-Youth Escort software has been18 , as the Chinese government paid 41.7 million yuan ($6 million) and ordered that the software must be included in all computers sold on the mainland from July 1."Despite the wide criticisms about the software, the Chinese government has responsibility to 19 the youngsters from harmful information from the Internet," the Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said yesterday. Qin refused to 20 on the copyright infringement claims against the software.∙11. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：O∙12. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：L∙13. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：K∙14. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：J∙15. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：I∙16. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：F∙17. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：H∙18. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：E∙19. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙20. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：ASection BDirections: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.∙Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.On a Saturday night at the end of May, visitors to the forums section of Digital Sp y, a British entertainment and media news Web site, were greeted with an ad that loaded malicious(恶意的)software onto their computers. The Web site's advertising system had been hacked.A number of such attacks have occurred this year, as perpetrators(肇事者)exploit the complex structureof business relationships in online advertising, with its numerous middlemen and resellers. Web security experts say they have seen an uptick in the number of ads harboring malware as the economy has soured and publishers, needing to boost their ad revenues, outsource(外包)more of their ad-space sales.Viruses can be incorporated directly within an ad, so that simply clicking on the ad or visiting the site can infect a computer, or ads can be used to direct users to a nefarious(违法的,恶意的)Web site that aims to steal passwords or identities. In most cases, the problem becomes apparent wi t hin a matter of hours and quick fixes are put in place, but that's not fast enough for Internet surfers whose computers end up infected or compromised., a technology news site owned by Ziff Davis Enterprise, in February displayed an ad on its homepage masquerading as a promotion for LaCoste, the shirt maker. The retailer hadn't placed the ad — a hacker had, to direct users to a Web site where harmful programs would be downloaded to their computers, says Stephen Wellman, Director of Community & Content for Ziff Davis.Similar attacks occurred across a series of News Corp.-owned sites in February, including , and . In January, clicking on an ad on Major League Baseball's led visitors to a site wi t h malware.Digital Spy, Ziff Davis, Fox and MLB all say that immediately after they detected the incidents, they isolated the ads and removed them from their sites.Digital Spy sells the ad space on its forums section, visited by three million unique visitors a month, through a number of other companies, called ad networks. If one ad network doesn't sell the space to a marketer directly, it often will sell it to another network. The space also can be outsourced to ad exchanges, another set of companies, which hold an electronic auction(拍卖)for online ads.Web publishers say they have started limiting the number of companies they outsource their ad selling to and are working with security vendors, such as San Francisco-based ClickFacts, to detect malicious software on their networks and remove i t as quickly as possible.Ad technology companies and Internet companies say they, too, are making efforts to boost the security of their systems. Microsoft, Google and Time Warner's AOL say they use a series of technical and manual procedures to scan for malicious code in their systems.21. How many names of websites have been mentioned in this passage?A) 8.该选项共0人选择B) 7.该选项共0人选择C) 6.该选项共2人选择D) 5.该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：C22. What will be the best title for the passage?A) Web Ad Sales Open Door to Viruses该选项共1人选择B) Fighting Against Viruses该选项共1人选择C) Viruses and Internet Users该选项共0人选择D) Calling for a Better Internet该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（2.00分）：A23. A computer may be infected wi t h viruses from an ad if ________.A) the user's password is stolen该选项共0人选择B) the ad website harboring malware is visited该选项共0人选择C) the user is directed by the ad to a wicked website该选项共0人选择D) Both B) and C)该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D24. According to the passage, this war against the ad viruses involves the following enterprises EXCEPT________.A) web publishers该选项共0人选择B) Ad technology companies该选项共0人选择C) Internet companies该选项共0人选择D) software companies该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D25. Which of the following will have the closest meaning of the underlined word "masquerading" in Para.4?A) R egarding.该选项共0人选择B) Pretending.该选项共2人选择C) Appearing.该选项共0人选择D) Operating.该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Traditional plant breeding involves crossing varieties of the same species in ways they could cross naturally．For example, disease-resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed wi t h high-yield wheat to combine these properties. This type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predictable.Genetic engineering (GE) involves exchanging genes between unrelated species that cannot naturally exchange genes wi t h each other. GE can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different species — e.g. putting scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into tomatoes. It is possible thata scorpion toxin gene, even when it is in maize DNA, will still get the organism to produce scorpion toxin,but what other effects may it have in this alien environment？We are already seeing this problem —adding human growth hormone genes to pigs certainly makes them grow —but it also gives them arthritis and makes them cross-eyed, which was entirely unpredictable.It will be obvious, for example, that the gene for human intelligence will not have the same effect if inserted into cabbage DNA as it had in human DNA, but what side-effect would it have？In other words, is GM food(转基因食品)safe to eat？The answer is that nobody knows because long-term tests have not been carried out.Companies wanting a GM product approved in the UK or USA are required to provide regulatory bodies with results of their own safety tests．Monsanto's soya beans were apparently fed to fish for ten weeks before being approved. There was no requirement for independent testing, for long-term testing, for testing on humans or testing for specific dangers to children or allergic people.The current position of the UK Government is that "There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods." In the US, the American Food and Drug Administration (AFDA) is currently being prosecuted for covering up research that suggested possible risks from GM foods．26. Genetic engineering ________.A) involves crossing varieties of the same species该选项共0人选择B) is safe and fairly predictable该选项共0人选择C) is dangerous and entirely unpredictable该选项共0人选择D) covers the exchange of genes between different species该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D27. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A) The side-effect of adding human growth hormone to pigs is that pigs may acquire some diseases ofhuman.该选项共0人选择B) Human intelligence gene functions differently in human DNA and in cabbage DNA.该选项共0人选择C) In the UK or USA, a GM product cannot be approved before the results of its safety tests areprovided.该选项共0人选择D) Tests show that GM foods have specific dangers to children or allergic people.该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D28. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.该选项共0人选择B) The UK government and the US government have different attitudes towards GM foods.该选项共0人选择C) The AFDA in the US was charged wi t h concealing some research findings.该选项共1人选择D) The governments of UK and US are protecting the GM foods.该选项共1人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D29. The possible title for the passage might be .A) Safe to Eat?该选项共2人选择B) GM Food Needs该选项共0人选择C) Genetic Engineering该选项共0人选择D) A New Way of Breeding该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：A30. What's the writer's attitude towards GM food?A) Neutral.该选项共2人选择B) Positive.该选项共0人选择C) Negative.该选项共0人选择D) Indifferent.该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对0人，答错2人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（2.00分）：CPart III Vocabulary and Structure ( 10 minutes )Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.∙31. Life depends on the _________ between the heat received from the sun and the heat lost to coolersurroundings.A) relationship该选项共0人选择B) contrast该选项共0人选择C) exchange该选项共0人选择D) balance该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙32. The team's attempt to win the game was _____ by the opposing goalkeeper.A) shocked该选项共0人选择B) frustrated该选项共2人选择C) given up该选项共0人选择D) caught up该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙33. The house was very quiet, ___________ as it was on the side of a mountain.A) isolated该选项共2人选择B) isolating该选项共0人选择C) being isolated该选项共0人选择D) having been isolated该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙34. It _______ me to think about the consequence of your action because it would cause a disaster.A) terrified该选项共2人选择B) annoyed该选项共0人选择C) feared该选项共0人选择D) disappointed该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙35. Parents take a great interest in the _______ questions raised by their children.A) nasty该选项共0人选择B) naive该选项共2人选择C) obscure该选项共0人选择D) offensive该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B36. He got down from the jeep and walked into the villa, his shirt crumpled, and his footsteps ____.A) weary该选项共2人选择B) faint该选项共0人选择C) weak该选项共0人选择D) fragile该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙37. I'm ______ enough to know it is going to be a very difficult situation to compete against three strongteams.A) realistic该选项共0人选择B) radical该选项共0人选择C) aware该选项共0人选择D) conscious该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙38. Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy _______ housework as carryingwater and firewood.A) time-consumed该选项共0人选择B) timely-consuming该选项共0人选择C) timely-consumed该选项共0人选择D) time-consuming该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙39. As he has ______ our patience, we'll not wait for him any longer.A) torn该选项共0人选择B) wasted该选项共0人选择C) exhausted该选项共2人选择D) consumed该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙40. The shape of China has usually been compared ________ a cock.A) wi t h该选项共0人选择B) to该选项共2人选择C) as该选项共0人选择D) against该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B41. It is important to ____ between the rules of grammar and the conventions of written language.A) determine该选项共0人选择B) distinguish该选项共2人选择C) explore该选项共0人选择D) identify该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙42. The ______ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in thelife style of the people.A) implementation该选项共0人选择B) expedition该选项共0人选择C) demonstration该选项共0人选择D) manifestation该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙43. One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a ______ operation, he quickly recovered hissight.A) precise该选项共0人选择B) considerate该选项共0人选择C) delicate该选项共2人选择D) sensitive该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙44. The ink has _____ through the thin paper onto the picture beneath.A) soared该选项共0人选择B) softened该选项共0人选择C) soaked该选项共2人选择D) sobbed该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙45. The car _______ well to the controls.A) reflects该选项共0人选择B) replies该选项共0人选择C) responds该选项共2人选择D) corresponds该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C46. In a ______ sense, civilization is measured by how well people can get along with each other and worktogether.A) large该选项共1人选择B) wide该选项共0人选择C) expansive该选项共0人选择D) broad该选项共1人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙47. Lower tariffs(关税)and the growth of population and industry caused trade to ______ in the 19thcentury.A) soar该选项共1人选择B) ascend该选项共1人选择C) hover该选项共0人选择D) glide该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙48. Increasing the military share of the ______ world product has been possible only by reducing civilianconsumption.A) clumsy该选项共0人选择B) crude该选项共1人选择C) coarse该选项共0人选择D) gross该选项共1人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙49. If I ______ make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the filmwith you last night.A) were not to该选项共1人选择B) am not to该选项共0人选择C) shall not该选项共1人选择D) have not to该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙50. Thanks to the advance of science, many ______ materials have been invented which can be usedinstead of natural rubber.A) analytic该选项共0人选择B) synthetic该选项共2人选择C) counterfeit该选项共0人选择D) synthesis该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：BPart IV Error Correction ( 10 minutes )Directions: In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line.To correct these mistakes, you may need to change, delete or add a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.∙The accuracy of scientific observations and calculationsis always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods.For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promiseof more precise timekeeping.In their research for precision, scientists have turned to 51. __________atomic clocks that depend on various vibrated atoms or molecules 52. __________to supply their "ticking" . This is possible so each kind 53. __________of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration.The nitrogen atom in ammonia(氨), for an example, vibrates or "ticks" 54. __________24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably losemore than a second in 3,000 years. It will be of great importance 55. __________in fields such as astronomy. Cesium(铯)is an atom that vibrates 9.2billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiled water. 56. __________An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule maybe used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein'srelativity theories, according to i t a clock in motion and a clock 57. __________in rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite58. __________moving at a speed of 18,000 mile an hour, the clock could broadcast 59. __________its time readings to a ground station, where they would be comparedwith the readings on a similar model. However differences develop 60. __________would be checked against the differences predicted.∙51. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：In their search for precision, scientists have turned to∙52. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules∙53. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：to supply their "ticking" . This is possible because each kind∙54. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对0人，答错2人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（1.00分）： The nitrogen atom in ammonia(氨), for example, vibrates or "ticks"∙55. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1.00分）：no more than a second in 3,000 years. It will be of great importance∙56. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling wate r. ∙57. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1.00分）：relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock∙58. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对0人，答错2人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（1.00分）：in rest should keep time differently. Placed at an orbi t ing satellite∙59. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：moving at a speed of 18,000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast ∙60. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1.00分）：with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences develop∙Part V Translation ( 10 minutes )Directions: Translate the following sentences into English (with the given words or phrases).∙61. 人们对网络的攻击主要集中在以下方面：技术扰乱了人际关系，破坏了人际交往。
新世纪英语专业综合教程(第二版)第4册 Unit13
Detailed reading
MARRIAGE
Robert Lynd “Conventional people,” says Mr. Bertrand Russell, 1 “like to pretend that difficulties in regard to marriage are a new thing.” I could not help wondering, as I read this sentence, where one can meet these conventional people who think, or pretend to think, as conventional people do. I have known hundreds of conventional people, and I cannot remember one of them who thought the things conventional people seem to think. They were all, for example, convinced that marriage was a state beset with difficulties, and that these difficulties were as old,
Cultural background
American Beauty
Audiovisual supplement
Cultural background
Lester: That‟s my wife, Carolyn. See the way the handle on those pruning shears matches her gardening clogs? That‟s not an accident. Jim: Hush, Bitsy! Hush, what‟s wrong with you? Lester: That‟s our next-door neighbor, Jim. And that‟s his lover, Jim. Jim: You spoiled her. Bitsy, no bark. Come inside now. Me? Come on. Yes. Inside. Carolyn: Good morning! Jim! Jim: Good morning, Carolyn. Carolyne: I love your tie, that color! Jim: I just love your roses. How do you get them to flourish like this?
新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程第4册Unit8讲解
Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Eight: GlobalizationPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Work in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1. What do you know about globalization?2. What has globalization contributed to the world economy?3. What negative effects has globalization brought about?▇ Answers for reference:1. Globalization has been a commonly used term since the late twentieth century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances in technology, transportation and communication. It is the collaboration of countries to boost trade, and to reduce cultural differences.2. Globalization has contributed to the world’s economy in many beneficial ways.First, the advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to cross over frontiers easily. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive and competitive, thus raising the quality of goods, services and living standards. Second, globalization provides companies with more and larger markets. They can sell more goods and make more money. Meanwhile, they can create more jobs. Last but not least, consumers can also benefit from globalization. As products become cheaper, they can get new goods more quickly and easily.3. Though globalization has a lot of advantages, it also produces some negative effects. First, globalization results in more unemployment in industrialized countries because many factories have moved to developing countries where they can get cheap labour. Second, it causes some environmental problems. As companies in the developed countries open their factories in developing countries, serious environmental problems have occurred in some developing countries. Last, the natural resources of some of the developing countries are being robbed of by some developed countries in the process of globalization.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about globalization and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Jeffrey Sachs⊙Globalization was a deep trend pushed by technology and right ideas, as much as anything else.—Jeffrey SachsInterpretation:Everything has its law of development. The same is true of globalization. Driven by technology and right ideas, it has progressed rapidly and will develop in depth.About Jeffrey David Sachs (1954- ): an American economist and Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University. He is one of the youngest economics professors in the history of Harvard University. He is known for his work on the challenges of economic development, environmental sustainability, poverty alleviation, debt cancellation, and globalization.Robert Reich⊙Globalization and free trade do spur economic growth, and they lead to lower prices on many goods.—Robert ReichInterpretation:Stimulated by globalization and free trade, the world economy grows rapidly. At the same time, globalization and free trade have brought in fierce competition, and affordable prices have benefited consumers in a great way.About Robert Bernard Reich (1946- ): an American political economist, professor, author, and political commentator. He served in the administrations of Presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter and was Secretary of Labor under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1997.Jimmy Carter⊙If you are totally illiterate and living on $1 a day, the benefits of globalization never come to you.—Jimmy CarterInterpretation:Though globalization brings advantages to the world, it also brings about a great gap between the rich and the poor. There are still many people living below the poverty line, who cannot enjoy the fruits of globalization.About Jimmy Carter (1924- ): an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States (1977–1981). He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize.Larry Summers⊙In the developing world, far more people are poor because of too little globalization rather than too much.—Larry Summers Interpretation:People in many developing countries are still poor because they have not benefited from globalization. Globalization decreases poverty in developing countries.About Larry Summers (1954- ): an American economist. He served as the 71st United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. He was Director of the White House United States National Economic Council for President Barack Obama until November 2010.Section C Watching and Discussion▇ Watch the following video clip “What Is Globalization” and do the tasks that follow:1.Please decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F) based on theinformation in the video clip.( F ) Globalization is a process through which the financial markets, societies and cultures have become independent and tend to demerge.( T ) Globalization can also be viewed as the freedom of movement for goods, services, and people across borders.( F ) There seems to be an agreement on that economic globalization is an irreversible current.( F ) Global competition keeps prices low so inflation has no chance to occur.( F ) In a globalized world, when having a economy crush, a country can ask for help from other countries.( T ) Our economy is increasingly global as a result of mass communication and mass transportation.2.Do you think that globalization is an irreversible current? Why or why not? Is there anychance for small businesses to survive? How?Answers for reference:Open.Script：What Is GlobalizationHello, I’m Milo from , and here we’ll talk about globalization.Globalization is a word that we hear constantly nowadays. It can be defined as the trend in the financial markets and businesses to expand beyond national and territorial borders and boundaries. It is a process through which the financial markets, societies and cultures have become interdependent and tend to merge, blurring the boundaries between the local, national,and international.It is a dynamic process primarily led by multi-national businesses and organizations. It can also be viewed as the freedom of movement for goods, services, and people across borders. It is a phenomenon caused by the latest developments in mass communication and the technologies that have been developed and continue to be developed to support this new and instant way of communicating between people and organizations.The increased ease of mobility has also greatly contributed to this unstoppable trend. There seems to be a disagreement on whether economic globalization is or not an irreversible current. What is certain is that this trend has substantial effects on the world’s economies.The Pros of globalization include:∙Global competition keeps prices low so inflation is less likely to occur.∙An open economy can encourage innovation as people can exchange ideas freely and instantaneously.∙There are more varied and international goods available for consumption everywhere.On the negative side:∙Small businesses have difficulty surviving in an unregulated market and usually get eaten up by larger competitors.∙As economies become interdependent, a crush in a country’s economy will affect other countries in a negative way.To sum up we must understand that there are some basic aspects to globalization:∙Internet allows us to be global in the way we exchange information.∙We are more mobile than ever, travel has become less expensive and people move all over the place and get to see and experience different cultures.∙Environmental problems affect us all, issues such as air pollution, acid rain, and climate go beyond national borders.∙Our economy is increasingly global as a result of mass communication and mass transportation.Part II Listen and RespondSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1) What does globalization mean according to the speaker?A) It means that the world is becoming more and more integrated.B) It means that the world’s living standards are greatly improved.C) It means that more opportunities are given to the developing countries.D) It means that the world is developing more and more rapidly.2) What benefits do companies get from globalization according to the speaker?A) They are allowed to do business in the developing countries.B) They become more productive and competitive by doing business overseas.C) Their products can reach any place they want through modern means of transportation.D) They can communicate with other companies more easily.3) How do people in developing countries benefit most from globalization?A) They can meet various people online.B) They can get better education by studying overseas.C) They can learn from people from other countries.D) They can study in their home universities.4) What new threats does globalization bring?A) The quick spread of perishable items.B) The quick spread of wildfire.C) The quick spread of disease.D) The quick spread of the labor-force.5) What is the speaker’s attitude towards globalization?A) Prejudiced.B) Negative.C) Subjective.D) Objective.▇ Key:1) A 2) B 3) B 4) C 5) DSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Globalization has been a commonly used term since the late twentieth century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances in technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly.To begin with, globalization has contributed to the world’s economies in many beneficial ways. Advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to easily cross over frontiers. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive and competitive thereby raising the quality of goods, services and the world’s living standard.Secondly, a very critical advantage is the spread of education. With numerous educational institutions around the globe, one can move out from the home country for better opportunities elsewhere. Thus, integrating with different cultures, meeting and learning from various people through the medium of education is all due to globalization. Developing countries or labour-intensive countries have benefited the most.Script:The Advantages and Disadvantages of GlobalizationGlobalization has been a commonly used term since the late twentieth century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances in technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly.To begin with, globalization has contributed to the world’s economies in many beneficial ways. Advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to easily cross over frontiers. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive and competitive thereby raising the quality of goods, services and the world’s living standards.Secondly, a very critical advantage is the spread of education. With numerous educational institutions around the globe, one can move out from the home country for better opportunities elsewhere. Thus, integrating with different cultures, meeting and learning from various people through the medium of education is all due to globalization. Developing countries or labour-intensive countries have benefited the most.However, one cannot deny the negative effects resulting from globalization. Globalization has given rise to more health risks and threats of epidemics. A customary example is the dawn of HIV/AIDS. Having its origin in remote regions of Africa, the virus has spread like wildfire throughout the globe. Furthermore, food items are also transported to various countries, and this is a matter of concern, especially in the case of perishable items. The safety regulations and the standards of food preparation are different in different countries, which may pose a risk of potential health hazards.In conclusion, while globalization is inevitable, we must nevertheless urge individuals, companies and governments to use a more balanced approach by taking appropriate steps to deal with matters relating to the financial or economic gains versus the social, political and ecological concerns of the world.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1: Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1. What is the speaker’s definition of an inclusive globalization?2. What does an inclusive globalization demand of us?3. In what ways can an inclusive globalization be promoted?4. What is the impact of the 11 September attacks on the process of globalization?5. What message does the speaker mean to convey?▇Answers for reference:1. According to the speaker, an inclusive globalization recognizes and exploits the potential of globalization as a truly integrating and inclusive force. Its purpose lies not only in opening markets but also in expanding opportunity and promoting cooperation. Its ultimate goal is to ensure that globalization benefits the whole of humanity economically, politically and socially.2. An inclusive globalization demands that we tear down the walls in our minds so as to treat each other equally and to recognize the interdependence between nations and peoples. It alsodemands that we open our minds to a new, more integrated idea of community.3. There are many different ways to promote an inclusive globalization: opening markets for the products of developing countries; increasing development assistance; promoting good and transparent governance; addressing diseases and environmental problems that have not reached our shores; recognizing obligations to provide asylum; fostering a more orderly process of integrating migrants; and valuing pluralism as a top priority for every state.4. The 11 September attacks make it very clear that humanity is indivisible and terrorism is a threat to everyone, and that the fight against terrorism can be successful only if people of different races, nations or regions get united as one. For this purpose, globalization must be made to benefit all — those at the margins and those at the centre, the poor and the privileged, the shackled and the free.5. The speaker urges us to deal with the negative, unattended social and political consequences of globalization, and the solution lies in promoting an inclusive globalization to ensure that globalization benefits the whole of humanity.Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into five parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Section B In-depth StudySome people benefit from globalization, while others simply see it as one more manifestation of the inequity of the world. Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the United Nations, suggests that one way to address this issue is the pursuit of an inclusive globalization.A Plea for an “Inclusive” GlobalizationKofi Annan1 It has often been said that globalization is what distinguishes our era from all its predecessors. Globalization, we are told, is redefining not only the way we engage the world, but how we communicate with each other. Globalization is commonly understood to describe the increasing flow of goods, service, capital, technology, information, ideas and labour at the global level, driven by liberalization policies and technological changes. For a time, this logic was borne outby reality. Indeed, it worked so well that in many cases underlying schisms were ignored in the belief that the rising tide of material growth would eliminate the importance of political differences and social grievances.However, over the past few years, I and others have urged greater consideration for the potential political backlash if the social—as well as the economic—consequences of globalization are left unattended.2 Today, I would like to share some thoughts on an equally important aspect of globalization—namely its potential to be a truly integrating and inclusive force and the very real dangers if it fails to live up to that potential. In other words, just as we worry about the gap between haves and have-nots, we need to be equally concerned about the gulf between insiders and outsiders in a globalized world where no border is impermeable, and where the privileges—economic as well as political and social—of the few are painfully apparent to those multitudes who still yearn for liberty and opportunity. We need, in short, to direct our energies towards realizing the aspiration inherent in the awkward, but revealing Arabic translation of the word “globalization” —which means literally“world inclusivity”.3 Today, I wish to suggest that one way to address this new division—between those who benefit from globalization, and those who simply see it as one more manifestation of the inequity of the world—is to pursue an inclusive globalization whose purpose lies not only in opening markets but in expanding opportunity and promoting cooperation. By this I mean the need to ensure that the globalization of economies and societies is supported and sustained by a “globalization of community”—to create a wider, more expansive definition of our duties to our fellow men and women in the global village, and to ensure that globalization benefits them all—economically, politically and socially.4 Such a world demands that we tear down the walls in our own minds as well—those separating us from them, rich from poor, white from black, Christian from Muslim—so that we are able to recognize the untold ways in which we can all benefit from cooperation and solidarity across lines of nationality, race or economic development. Whether it is the area of crime, health, the environment, or the fight against terrorism, interdependence has ceased to be an abstract concept, and become a reality in our own lives. This poses a real challenge not only to political leaders, but to civil society, NGOs, business, labour unions, thinkers, and citizens of every nation. We need to rethink what belonging means, and what community means, in order to be able to embrace the fate of distant people and realize that globalization’s glass house must be open to all if it is to remain secure. This will require leaders in every sector to present the choices facing the public in a different light. They need to make the difficult but necessary case that we cannot continue to exclude the poor, the disenfranchised or those who are denied the basic right to liberty and self-determination. Or that if we do, we cannot at the same time hope to secure lasting peace and prosperity.5 There are myriad ways in which nations can act on this imperative—by opening markets for the products of developing countries; by increased development assistance; by promoting good and transparent governance; by addressing diseases and environmental problems that have not reached our shores, or at least not yet; by recognizing obligations to provide asylum; by fostering a more orderly process of integrating migrants; and by valuing pluralism as a top priority for every state.6 The United Nations itself was created in the belief that dialogue can triumph over discord, that diversity is a universal virtue, and that the peoples of the world are far more united by their common fate than they are divided by their separate identities. This dialogue must take place every day among all nations—within and between civilizations, cultures and groups. But it mustbe based on genuinely shared values. Without these values—values rooted in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—no peace can be lasting and no prosperity secure. That is the lesson of the United Nations’ first half-century. It is a lesson that we ignored at our peril. While it may seem somewhat vague to speak of globalization based on shared values, the vision of the world it seeks to create is quite clear and quite specific.7 This vision is based on an understanding that we are the products of many cultures, that our strengths lie in combining the familiar with the foreign. This is not to say that we cannot rightly take pride in our particular faith or heritage. We can and we should. But the notion that what is ours is necessarily in conflict with what is theirs is both false and dangerous. It has resulted in endless hostilities and conflicts, leading men and women to commit the greatest of crimes in the name of a higher power.8 Friends, if today, after the horror of 11 September, we see better, and we see further—we will realize that humanity is indivisible. New threats make no distinction between races, nations or regions. A new insecurity has entered every mind, regardless of wealth or status. A deeper awareness of the bonds that bind us all—in pain as in prosperity—has gripped young and old. The process of globalization cannot remain unchanged in the face of this recognition. It must be made to benefit those at the margins as well as those at the center, the poor as well as the privileged, the shackled as well as the free.9 The global reaction to the 11 September attacks should give us courage and hope that we can succeed in this fight. The sight of people gathering in cities in every part of the world from every religion to mourn—and to express solidarity with the people of the United States—proved more eloquently than any words that terrorism is not an issue that divides humanity, but one that unites it.10 The victims of the attacks on 11 September were, first and foremost, the innocent civilians who lost their lives, and families who now grieve for them. But peace, tolerance, mutual respect, human rights, the role of law and the global economy are all among the casualties of the terrorists’acts. Repairing the damage done to the fabric of the international community—restoring trust among peoples and cultures—will not be easy. But just as a concerted international response can make the work of terrorists much harder to accomplish, so should the unity born of this tragedy bring all nations together in defense of the most basic right—the right of all peoples to live in peace and security.11 An inclusive globalization will be central to achieving this fundamental goal.▇课文参考译文呼吁推行“包容性”全球化科菲·安南1 人们常说，全球化是一个不同于以往任何时代的全新时代。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后答案解析
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后答案解析(总7页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Unit 1you had had a spark of consideration for your family ,you wouldn't have taken so many stupid risks .to the lack of an adequate labor force ,even woman in this village were compelled to work in the coal mines .went through lovely countryside with great mountains ,some of them beautiful and green and wooded ,while others bare and wild .cleaner took off his coat and began to scrape the ashes from the furnace with his bare hands .in that area are already threatened with environment destruction since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed .auto company has seen a huge increase in the output of private cars this year due to the improved working efficiency .severe attack from enemy aircraft ,the troops were forced to retreat from the front .I came up to a giraffe lying on the grasses ,I found that it had been killed with a spear tipped with poison .stayed eight days in an open boat with no food ,and he was still alive ;his survival was a miracle .of the fittest is an eternal truth of nature .heart sank when he saw the fresh pile of mails ,memos and telephone messages on his desk .military goverment refused to transfer power to ademocratically elected civilian government .that area nearly six million people are affected by the drought and the civil war ,and there is areal danger of mass starvation .service personnel who are severely irresponsible purposely delay sending mail ,thereby giving rise to great loss of public trust .the increase in the number of foreign funded enterprises ,various kinds of financial disputes have emerged .earthquake may trigger landslides that cause great damage and loss of life .and global warming threaten to ruin the current and future state of our environmen .was reported that almost 7 million liters consumed during the 16-day beer festival in germany that year .a bitterly cold night ,the only shelter he could find was the hollow trunk of agreat tree .after the goverment's new policy was put into effect ,the economy of our country began to show signs of recovery .know well what difficulties we had to cope with in bringing our work to a successful conclusion .lives in fear of getting injured and never participated in any violent sports games .looks like this snow will stop the food supplies and we shall be hungry for a time ,but we've no choice but to tough it out.trees in this area have been cut down to make room forbuildings ,which has worsened our living environment .order to avoid possible infection by the unknow viruses ,researchers are protected from head to foot with caps ,face masks and white gowns .the warm wearher the explorers searched out some snow on the northern slope and boiled it for drinking water .bare-handed ,you have built up so many steel plants .this is nothing short of miraculous !yet we have't felt the need for any extra hands ,but its only a matter of time .one cannot choose ones birthplace ,one can certainly decide ,based on what one has experienced ,the best place to settle in .who spend time and mony teaching their children music ,can take heart from anew canadian study .which shows young children who take music lessons have better memories than their nonmusical peers.Unit 21 Sudies show that if a working environment is pleasant, productivity increases.2 Private space travel is a relatively new phenomenon. It’sdifficult at the moment to assess its effects.3 Alll of us need to build up ralationships with others unless we choose to live in complete isolation from the outside world.4 Sonce sending her child to the kindergarthen ,she has been delighted to see a gradual change in the boys character ;he seems less self-centered now.5 As an active environmentalist, Davis has earned a reputation as an outspoken opponent of any kind of nuclear waste dumping at sea.6 Quills were the chief writing tool from the 6th centuryuntil the advent of steel pens in the mid 19th century.7 Dp you think it will ever be possible to alter human genetic code in order to produce the perfect human being?8 In the end her sheer competence and professionalism won universal respect within and out of the government.9 his political views are rather extreme; I hate to discuss anything with him.10 The cheap perfume you see on special offer in petrol stations often smells nasty after a couple of hours.11 Theconsumer boom of the 1980s led to an explsion of shopping centre development in big cities around the country .12 You shouldnot use yours faithfully its too formal for this kind of personal letter.13. According to a survery among 1000 residents ,garbage collection service in the city is far from satisfactory.14 The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.15 The techiclans are working hard to modify the design of the new car to make it more competitive in the overseas market.16 In my childhood memories , we were living a rough but happy life, with no luxuries to speak of.1 The two runners reached the finish line almost at the sametime ;who came in first was indistinguishable to the naked eye.2 As a result of the recent financial collapse, many people are struck with worthless investments.3 The survey suggests that many college students don’t know for centain what kind of job is suitable or them.4 You can ask him again if you like , but it would make no difference he will still say no to you .5 The doctor explained that on average people who don’t smoke are healthier than those who do.6. I’m familiar with the operatin g system installes on thecomputer ,but when it comes to repairing the machine I don’t know a thing.7 Although peasants in some areas are better off now ,those in many other areas still live in poverty .8 The new staff insistes that opportunities for promotion should be built into the work contract.9 As they are discussing influential modern artists, three names immesiately come to mind.10 I don’t know the exact number ,but there are close to three million unemployes at present .11 Considering the recent storms and landslides,I am certainly not in favor of am outing in this weather.Unit 31 There are always people who dream of making a fortune from ganbling, even though they know the chances are slim.2 The inventor Thomas Edison was regarded as a dull boy whrn he was young because he couldnot work out easy mathematical calculations.3 The police had chased after the robbery suspect for about two days before they finally caught him in a deserted warehouse.4 The local newspaper has launches a campaign to raise money for the girl who has caught a rare disease.5 Rick climbing is attractive especially to young people because itis always s accompanied with hardship and adventure.6 The face value of the bill is one dollar , but its intrinsic valueis nothing but that of a piece of paper.7 Having won several championships in international matches recently, he currently ranks second among the worlds professional tennis players.8 There has been a great deal of publicity in the media about the campaingn against genetically modified food.9 The coach was relieves that Michael had recovered sufficiently from his knee injury and he was able to play in the semi-finals next week. 10 He has dropped his old had-boy image and now portrays himself as something of an angel.11 Due to its inefficiency,the cable TV company has become a frequent target of criticism from the public these days.12 A few mirrors can transform a dark room , making it look largerand lighter instantly.13 Earthquakes had destroyed their houses ,so they had no choice butto live temporarily in the tents put up overnight.argument never ceased as to whether it was fair to cover celebrities private lives in the mass mesia.15 Kelly got a new job as a secretary, but teo weeks later she became bored with the endless office chres ; so she quit.16 These two TV programs are both about news or currnt affairs,but they have attracted very different audiences in the United States.17 Jane’s parents held her in high regard and they supported her decision to be an actress.18 When the results of the vote were announced ,the Prime Minister acknowledged defeat.19Scientists are unable to predict with accuracy when and when warthquakes will strike.1 The teachers felt sorry for Nick, a former straight-Astudent ,because he was thrown out of college in the second year for taking drugs.2 You can do things for your health in the way ofdiet ,exercise ,good lifestyle, and so on.3. As the ship began to turn to its one side, the horrified passengers all clung on to the other for dear life.of the young girls I know set their sights on lofty goals and try very hard to accomplish what they aim at.5. She quit the well-paid office job since she was tired of doing the same thing day after day and she was eager to try something fresh.6. The civil administration promises that they would not turn away anyone who comes to the relief centre for help.7. If she wants to hang on to her professional reputation she should control her inconsistent emotions.8 Among us ,we would always address him as Your Majesty in his presense. Behind him, we invariably referred to him as Peanut.9 I’m sorry your tooth is hurting ,but you’ll have to live with it until we get you to the dentist.10 This guy likes to exaggerate and is good at nothing but boasting about his glorious past.11 As well as I could make out ,she had come for good ,and had no intention of ever leaving again.so many young graduates before them ,they set out to launch their own business after graduation.13. what if he goes home before us and canot get in what will he do thenbegan to tire of the job of a night watch one week after I was hired. Unit 41 Nearly 6 million people in the mid-western area were affected by the flood. And there is a real danger of mass starvation.2 Its incredible that when he gambled, he always won, whether he was playing a card game or betting on horse racing.3 The council is trying to get more people to do voluntary work and render social services in the less developed regions.4 Elephants are dying out because they are being hunted for the tusks.5 Wines can be classified as dry, medium or sweet according to their sugar content.6 Slavery was abolished in Canada in 1833, and the Canadianauthorities then encouraged slaves from America to settle down ontheir land.7 Some of the developing countries seem to be stuck with a tough situation the division between the rich and the poor has never been so clear and sharp.8 The mass media commented that the young man’s suicide was nothing but a senseless waste of his life.9 The younger generation should not just seek for the latest fashions; they should have long-term commitment and try to live a worthy life,10 There’s absolutely no coordination between the different work teams- we donnot know what others are doing.11 As witnesses to the accident ,we were asked to make written declarations of what we had seen .12 The police still don’t know tho committed the it is reported one of the suspects is a loafer by the name of BillJones.13 Now that my parents-in-law have decided to live with us ,we are now faced with necessity to purchase a larger apartment close to the campus.14 It seems as if every American boy between the ages of 9 and 15likes to play video games ,but such games are only moderately popular among girls of the same age group.15 He was a really considerate friend-always available to help at the slightest hint of trouble.16 A survey shows that a considerable number of people object to the governments immigration policy.17 This is a new pain-killing drug which came into use only six months ago, so its too early to evaluate its effectiveness now.18 She derived great satisfaction from playing the violin in her adulthood ,even though she used to get bored with it when she was in her late teens.1 In view of heer out standing academic achievements and other qualities, she stands/stood a chance of being admitted to one of the world’s best universities.2 His recent mismanagement of the company has ruled out thepossibility of getting promoted to the top management .3 The expedition consist/consists of five Europeans, two Australians and ten Chinese.4. Its good to see tom looking so happy now agter all the sufferings he has gone through in the last few years.5 When he competed at Stckholm Olympocs,Jim Thorpe was not an amateur player in the strict sence because he had been paid a few dollars to play semiprofessionals before.6 At a guess,I’d say that there were at least 1400 people on board when the ship sank in the red sea.7 The traditional practice that the father earns a living for the family and the mother stays at home is out of date as more and more women have joined the workforce.8 Even if her suggestion does not coincide with what you have in mind ,I would advise you to accept it.9 The tennis player had gone in for all the major tennis .10 They appreciate each other because they are both the sory of peoplr who just cannot let go once they have got their teeth into something.Unit 51 I don’t think it necessary to furnish our apartment a second time since we will sell it soon.2 He made a firm resolve to give up smoking and drinking as soon as he discovered that he had a heart trouble.3 To reduce the risks of railway accidents ,we spend over thenmillion yuan on maintaining the railway lines every year.4 My parents lived a frugal lifestyle all their lives .For onething ,they never discarded ,anything that was still of use; for another ,they never purchased things on impulse.5 the government has refused to sanction a further cut in the rate of corporate tax.6 As Linda is a career woman and her husband woels abroad ,they cannot raise their newborn son all by themselves andhace to employ a baby sitter on a fixed term of five years.7 My apartment was badly furnished because the workers did not strip the priginal paint off the wakks before they started painting.8 When we learned that the local college had only the bare essentials int terms of equipment,we decided to donate a million yuan so that they could improve their teaching facilities.9 The Jones purchased a second-hand car for 1200; it was a real I wonder how long it will last.10 It is always good to read some English novels in your sparetime .If you cannot understdand the original, you may read the simplified versions which are also available in the local bookstore. 11 Sam said to the girl , I will trade you some of my chocolate for some of your ice cream.12 Since you’ve decided to simplify your life and hace moved into a smakker house m you are going to have to make an effort to downsize your furniture and belongings.13 Representatives from the two nations had woeked together on numerous occasions before the peace treaty was signed to end the border conflicts.14 When the factory closed ,the machinery was sold off for only a fraction of its true value.15 I think it plan wrong to play loud music in the dorm when others are already asleep.16 The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupols did not know how to trackle it.17 The children are busy rolling ,folding ,and cutting paper in a hadcrafting competition.1 My sister is very economical and saving money seems to come naturally to her ; she always keeps track of all the money she spends.2 My parents failed to show up at the commencenment ;It turned out that their flight was delayed for 8 hours.3 Eric was a very shy boy , so much so that he even refused to strip down to his underwear for his medical examination.4 John began to take an interest in politics when he was at secondary school; no wonder he became a Congressman at the age of 35.5 They are going to let us use their laboratory ,and in return we must let them share the results of the research.6 His action is all of a piece with what he has been saying he will do for the past few months ;he is a man o his word .7 The winner was asked to write out numerous forms before he could get the award .8 The young couplr often eat out , for neither of them is interested in home cooking.9 After so many twists and turns in his life ,he learned nerver to look back with regret.10 The doctor advised that he cut out smoking or give it up completely for the sake of his health.。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4（第二版）_习题答案_U2
Unit Two Man and Technology Enhance Y our Language Awareness Words in Action ▆ Working with Words and Expressions 1.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1)productivity 2)phenomenon 3)isolation 4)gradual 5)opponent 6)advent 7)genetic 8)universal 9)extreme 10)nasty 11)boom 12)formal 13)survey 14)Similarly 15)modify 16)rough 2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1)at the same time 2)are stuck with 3)for certain 4)make no difference 5)on average 6)when it comes to 7)are better off 8)built into 9)come to mind 10)close to 11)i n favor of ▆Increasing Y our Word Power 1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage. Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆Answers:1)exterior2)external3)delightful4)pleasant5)separate6)isolate7)company8)companion9)acquire10)learn11)ripe12)mature2.Fill in each blank with one of the words listed below in the appropriate form, paying special attentionto the meaning and spelling.▆Answers:1)accept2)oppression3)loss4)excerpts5)depression6)loose7)except8)expectations9)lose10)suppress3.Words that come from the same root may be said to belong to the same family. Getting acquainted witheach member of the family is a sure way to increase your word power. Now complete the following table with words of the same family. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆Answers:1)technology2)eternity3)miracle4)relevance5)analysis6)luxurious7)leisurely / leisured8)subjective9)prosperous10)i nnovativeGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTComplete the following sentences with appropriate connectives listed in the following table.Task 1: C omplete▆Answers:1) Whatever2) Although / Though3) whereas4) However5) though / although6) Granted / Granting that7) as 8)While Task 2:T ranslate Translate the following sentences into English. ▆ Answers for reference: 1) Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.2) You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.3) She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.4) We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.5) No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.6) Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.7) No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I ’m wrong.8) She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers: 1) emphasize2) opposite3) improved4) luxuries5) benefited6) obviously7) consciously8) fractures9) eternal10) groundbreaking11) entitled12) correlation13) depends 14) exclusivelyTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for reference: 1) He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant. 2) The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s plan to build a new library. 3) The The two two two countries could countries could reach reach agreement agreement agreement successfully successfully successfully on on on scientific scientific scientific and and technological technological cooperation cooperation cooperation because because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work. 4) I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.5) He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average. 6) Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not. 7) The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use. 8) These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is that their job is more dangerous. 9) Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major. 10) What What is is is most most most important important important is is is that that that you you you must must must find find find out out out and and and solve solve solve the the the problems problems problems by by by yourselves. yourselves. yourselves. It It It makes makes makes no no difference whether I go there or not. 2. Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Nowadays, Nowadays, many many many people people people are are are enjoying enjoying enjoying the the the benefits benefits benefits brought brought brought about about about by by by material material material and and and technological technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s life exp ectancy has soared, too. However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money. Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too. Theme-Related Writing Write an essay of no less than 150 words about a technological invention. Y our writing should cover the following points:1) a brief description of the invention 2) the positive impact of the invention on people’s life3) the negative impact of the invention on people’s life4) your opinion ▇ Sample essay: The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s LivesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most. The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures. Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or or wrong wrong wrong calls. calls. calls. W W e are are inconvenienced inconvenienced inconvenienced by by by calls calls calls on on on occasions occasions occasions when when when we we we least least least expect expect expect one. one. one. Besides, Besides, Besides, the the technology technology infrastructure infrastructure infrastructure to to to support support support mobile mobile mobile communication communication communication has has has consumed consumed consumed valuable valuable valuable natural natural natural resources resources resources and and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems. Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better. (184 words) 。
新世纪大学英语（第二版）综合教程第4册Unit7
新世纪⼤学英语（第⼆版）综合教程第4册Unit7Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Seven: Reading and ReflectionPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1Why do you think we need to read?2What do you prefer to read — poems, novels or plays?3What role do you think literary works play in our lives?▆Answers for reference:1Hints:●Reading broadens our horizons.●Reading enriches our knowledge.●Reading puts us in contact with the best minds of human history.●Reading enriches our experience.●Reading empowers us with knowledge.●Reading improves our character and taste.●Reading is a good pastime.2Some hints:a)Different people read literature for different reasons and purposes because of their differentbackgrounds, tastes, experiences and educational background.b)Those who prefer reading novels may think novels are more interesting and easier to read probablybecause novels usually have plots. They can take readers to other places and times, real or imaginary, allowing them to meet people and experience life in many different ways. A good novel makes readers think, laugh, cry or wonder.3Reference:Literary works play an important role in our life. They can broaden our horizons. They help us experience a kind of life which we cannot have in real life. They help us see the things which we tend to ignore in our daily life. They can also help us escape from reality.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about reading and reflection and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Francis Bacon⊙Some books are to be tasted; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested.— Francis Bacon Interpretation:There are different ways of reading books. To taste a book, one can read it in a state of relaxation. To swallow a book one can glide his eyes across the lines of a book. To chew or digest a book one should read it actively. And when he has finished reading a book, the pages are filled with his notes. Only when good books are chewed and digested can they have a lasting influence on one’s life.About Francis Bacon (1561-1626): an English politician, philosopher, and writer. Francis Bacon graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge. He was the founder of English materialist philosophy, as well as of modern science in England. He is especially famous for his Essays, in which his practical wisdom is shown through his reflections and comments on rather abstract subjects.Benjamin Franklin◎Reading makes a full man, meditation a profound man, discourse a clear man.— Benjamin FranklinInterpretation:Reading broadens our horizons, molds our temperament and enlightens our minds. Reading provides us with the possibility of opening ourselves up to the world, which helps us to become learned and knowledgeable persons. Thinking deeply helpsus gain an insight into human life. Having scholarly conversations with others helps us become wiser.About Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790): a US politician, writer, and scientist. He was involved in writing two historically significant documents, the Declaration of Independence (《独⽴宣⾔》) and the Constitution of the United States (《美国宪法》). He is famous for proving that lightning is a form of electricity by doing a scientific test in which he flew a kite during a storm, and he invented the lightning conductor. He is also well known for his literary works such as Poor Richard’s Almanac (《穷理查德年鉴》1732-1757；亦译作《格⾔历书》、《穷理查历书》) and Autobiography (《⾃传》1790).Denis Parsons Burkitt◎It is better to read a little and ponder a lot than to read a lot and ponder a little.— Denis Parsons BurkittInterpretation:What really counts is not how many books we have read but whether we spend time thinking over what we have read. So we should read selectively and reflectively.About Denis Parsons Burkitt (1911–1993): an accomplished British surgeon. His major contribution to medical science was the description, distribution, and ultimately, the etiology (病因学；病源论) of apediatric (⼩⼉科的) cancer that bears his name Burkitt’s lymphoma (伯基特⽒淋巴瘤).Louisa May Alcott◎Good books, like good friends, are few and chosen; the more select, the more enjoyable.— Louisa May AlcottInterpretation:Books and friends should be few but good. We should be highly selective in reading books, and our greatest pleasure in reading comes from the best books.About Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888): an American novelist best known as author of the novel Little Women (《⼩妇⼈》）. Section C Watching and Discussion▇Watch the following video clip “Reading Really Matters” and do the tasks that follow.Introduction of the video:Dana Gioia, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, is talking about arts education.First he mentions a problem in the United States: People are reading less and employers are facing a serious problem that their new employees can’t read and can’t write.According to Dana Gioia, those people who read do exercise more and do more volunteering charity work.Then he comes to talk about how reading actually matters to a person.1 Now fill in the note form according to what you hear.Topic: Reading Awakens Something inside the Reader1) reading increases your sense of your own personal destiny.2) reading makes the lives of other people more real to you.In summary, reading makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated as your own.Reading builds a society with not only imaginative capability, intellectual capability, but compassion, and humanity.2Discuss the following questions.Do you agree that Chinese people are reading less?Do you think modern technology has influenced the way people read?Open.▇Script：Americans are reading less. Because they read less, they read less well. Because they read less well, they do less well in the educational system. We are in the process in the United States of producing the first generation in our history that’s less well-educated than their parents. Now, I mean, to me, this is, you know a…an abandonment of the whole American misroutes of self improvement. Because they do less well in school, they do less well in the job market and economically. The number one problems for new employers in the United States: new employees can’t read, new employees can’t write. And in fact, for those people who can’t even read above the basic level, 55% of those people end up unemployed.And even on a further level, they overwhelmingly are like, you know, are more likely to end up in the criminal justice system. Only 3% of the people in U.S. prisons read at a proficiency level. Because they read less well, you know, because in a sense they don’t develop these things, they are a lso less likely to be engaged in personal positive behavior however you wanna measure it.We can measure it many different ways. You would not think it, but it is overwhelmingly demonstrable: that people that read exercise more; people that read join, play sports more. They belong to civic organizations more. They do volunteering charity work nearly 4 times the level of non-readers.Well, when I saw these data, I said, well, wait. We have to be measuring something else. W e’re measuring income, and we’re measuring education. If you take the poorest people in the United States who read, they do volunteering charity work at twice the level of people who don’t read. So what does it say to us? It says something we know, each of us knows this: when you read, when you’re engaged in the arts, it awakens something inside of you. That does two things: the first is that it increases your sense of your own personal destiny. But, secondly, it makes the lives of other people more real to you. It creates a heightened sense of yourself as an individual, but it also brings you, maybe, especially when you’re reading novels or imagin ing the literature in which you follow the stories, the lives of the people in the dailiness of their existence, socially, economically. Maybe understanding, a man understanding how a woman thinks, and a man understanding how a man thinks, a person understanding how somebody from a different country, from a different race thinks and feels. This imaginative exercises, this meditative exercise, makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated as your own. And so, if you have a society, in which tens of millions of people guided by pleasure no less, undertake these types of contemplations and meditations, you have a society which builds… not only it’s imaginative capability, it’s intellectual capability, b ut it’s compassion, and it’s humanity.Part II Listen and RespondSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage. 1What does the speaker mean by efficient reading or reading efficiently?A)Reading a book for pleasure.B)Writing between lines while reading.C)Remembering the author’s thoughts.D)Scanning a book for facts.2What is the advantage of marking up a book according to the speaker?A)Marking up a book helps readers take in the brilliant ideas in the book.B)Marking up a book enables readers to know what they read.C)Marking up a book makes readers feel like the owner of the book.D)Marking up a book makes readers conscious of the fact that they are reading actively.3What is the true sense of owning a book?A)Marking it through active reading.B)Purchasing it with one’s own money.C)Writing one’s name on it.D)Understanding every word in it.4How do people read books for pleasure?A)They read them consciously.B)They read them in a state of relaxation.C)They read them passively.D)They read them actively.5How do people know they have read actively when they finish reading a book?A)They establish a relationship with the author.B)They gain possession of the book.C)The pages are full of their notes.D)Their spoken language has been improved.▇Key:1) B 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) CSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Why is mar king up a book indispensable to reading it? First, it keeps you 1) ________. And I don’t mean merely 2)________; I mean wide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is 3) ________, is thinking, and thinking tends to 4)________ itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the 5) ________ you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading is to 6) ________ anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an 7) ________ of what you have read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of 8) ________ and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that 9) ________ and tries to answer fundamental questions, 10) ________ the most active reading. When you’ve finished rea ding a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.▇Answers:1)awake 2) conscious 3) active 4) express 5) thoughts6) accomplish 7) understanding 8) relaxation 9) raises 10) demands▇Script:Reading EfficientlyYou know you have to read ―between the line s‖ to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading, that is: ―write between the lines‖. Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading. I contend that marking up a book is an act of love.There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.Why is mar king up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. And I don’t mean merely conscious; I meanwide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading i s to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer fundamental questions, demands the most active reading. When you’ve finished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1What is the difference between the lives of those who read and those who do not?2Can reading newspapers be categorized as reading? Why or why not?3What is the art of reading according to the author?4What does the author think of ―the taste for reading‖?5Can people benefit from reading the same books at different ages? Why or why not?▇Answers for reference:1According to the author, those who do not read are just like prisoners confined to their immediate world in respect to time and space. Their life falls into a set of routines and they see only what happens in their immediate neighbourhood with few friends and acquaintances to communicate with. In contrast, those who read have the privilege to escape temporarily from the present world and enter a different country ora different age as soon as they pick up a book. Good books put them in touch with the best minds inhistory and they are always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Books broaden their horizons and their life is never a set of dull routines.2According to the author, reading newspapers does not belong to the category of reading because the average reader of a newspaper is mainly concerned with getting reports about events and happenings without contemplative value. The best reading does not merely offer a report of events, but is able to lead readers into a contemplative mood.3According to the author, only reading with the object of enriching one’s charm and flavor can be called an art. The charm here is not related to one’s physical appearance, but one’s inner aura of elegance which canonly be acquired through reading. And flavor here refers to the flavor in speech, and its cultivation entirely depends on one’s way of reading.4The author thinks that taste is the key to all reading and is individual and selective. Each person has his own taste in the kinds of books he enjoys reading. Forcing one to read books that he dislikes will achieve no positive results.5Yes. People can benefit from reading the same book at different ages and get different flavors out of it.According to the author, people at different ages should read different kinds of books and good books can be read more than once at different ages.Exercise 2 Text A can be divided into four parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Section B In-depth StudyIn the following text, Lin Yutang, the Chinese writer, translator, linguist and inventor, shares with us his insight into reading as an art. He not only addresses such questions as why to read, what to read, and when to read, but also convinces us of the beauty and benefits of reading as an art.The Art of ReadingLin Yutang1 Reading or the enjoyment of books has always been regarded among the charms of a cultured life and is respected and envied by those who rarely give themselves that privilege. This is easy to understand when we compare the difference between the life of a man who does no reading and that of a man who does.2 The man who has not the habit of reading is imprisoned in his immediate world, in respect to time and space. His life falls into a set routine; he is limited to contact and conversation with a few friends and acquaintances, and he sees only what happens in his immediate neighborhood. From this prison there is no escape. But the moment he takes up a book, he immediately enters a different world, and if it is a good book, he is immediately put in touch with one of the best talkers of the world. This talker leads him on and carries him into a different country or a different age, or unburdens to him some of his personal regrets, or discusses with him some special line or aspect of life that the reader knows nothing about. An ancient author puts him in communion with a dead spirit of long ago, and as he reads along, he begins to imagine what that ancient author looked like and what type of person he was. Both Mencius and Ssema Ch’ien have expressed the same idea. Now to be able to live two hours out of twelv e in a different world and take one’s thoughts off the claims of the immediate present is, of course, a privilege to be envied by people shut up in their bodily prison.3 Such a change of environment is really similar to travel in its psychological effect. But there is more to it than this. The reader is always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Even if it is a book about physical events, there is a difference between seeing such events in person or living through them, and reading about them in books, for then the events always assume the quality of a spectacle and the reader becomes a detached spectator. The best reading is therefore that which leads us into this contemplative mood, and not that which is merely occupied with the report of events. The tremendous amount of time spent on newspapers I regard as not reading at all, for the average readers of papers are mainly concerned with getting reports about events and happenings without contemplative value.4 The best formula for the object of reading, in my opinion, was stated by Huang Shanku, a Sung poet. He said, ―A scholar who hasn’t read anything for three days feels that his talk has no flavor, and his own face becomes hateful to look at.‖ What he means, of course, is that reading g ives a man a certain charm and flavor, which is the entire object of reading, and onlyreading with this object can be called an art. One doesn’t read to ―improve one’s mind,‖ because when one begins to think of improving his mind, all the pleasure of read ing is gone. He is the type of person who says to himself: ―I must read Shakespeare, and I must read Sophocles, and I must read the entire Five Foot Shelf of Dr. Eliot, so I can become an educated man.‖ I’m sure that man will never become educated. He will force himself one evening to read Shakespeare’s Hamlet and come away, as if from a bad dream, with no greater benefit than that he is able to say that he has ―read‖Hamlet. Anyone who reads a book with a sense of obligation does not understand the art of reading.5 Reading for the cultivation of personal charm of appearance and flavor in speech is then, according to Huang, the only admissible kind of reading. This charm of appearance must evidently be interpreted as something other than physical beauty. W hat Huang means by ―hateful to look at‖ is not physical ugliness. As for flavor of speech, it all depends on one’s way of reading. Whether one has ―flavor‖ or not in his talk, depends on his method of reading. If a reader gets the flavor of books, he will show that flavor in his conversations, and if he has flavor in his conversations, he cannot help also having a flavor in his writing.6 Hence I consider flavor or taste as the key to all reading. It necessarily follows that taste is selective and individual, like the taste for food. The most hygienic way of eating is, after all, eating what one likes, for then one is sure of his digestion. In reading as in eating, what is one man’s meat may be another’s poison. A teacher cannot force his pupils to like what he likes in reading, and a parent cannot expect his children to have the same tastes as himself. And if the reader has no taste for what he reads, all the time is wasted.7 There can be, therefore, no books that one absolutely must read. For our intellectual interests grow like a tree or flow like a river. So long as there is proper sap, the tree will grow anyhow, and so long as there is fresh current from the spring, the water will flow. When water strikes a cliff, it just goes around it; when it finds itself in a pleasant low valley, it stops and meanders there a while; when it finds itself in a deep mountain pond, it is content to stay there; when it finds itself traveling over rapids, it hurries forward. Thus, without any effort or determined aim, it is sure of reaching the sea some day. There are no books in this world that everybody must read, but only books that a person must read at a certain time in a given place under given circumstances and at a given period of his life. I rather think that reading, like matrimony, is determined by fate or yinyuan. Even if there is a certain book that every one must read, there is a time for it. When one’s thoughts and experience have not reached a certain point for reading a masterpiece, the masterpiece will leave only a badflavor on his palate. Confucius said, ―When one is fifty, one may read the Book of Changes,‖ which means that one should not read it at forty-five. The extremely mild flavor of Confucius’ own sayings in The Analects and his mature wisdom cannot be appreciated until one becomes mature himself.8 Furthermore, the same reader reading the same book at different periods gets a different flavor out of it. For instance, we enjoy a book more after we have had a personal talk with the author himself, or even after having seen a picture of his face, and one gets again a different flavor sometimes after one has broken off friendship with the author. A person gets a kind of flavor from reading the Book of Changes at forty, and gets another kind of flavor reading it at fifty, after he has seen more changes in life. Therefore, all good books can be read with profit and renewed pleasure a second time.9 Reading, therefore, is an act consisting of two sides, the author and the reader. The net gain comes as much from the reader’s contribution through his own insight and experience as from the author’s own. I regard the discovery of one’s favorite author as the most critical event in one’s intellectual development. There is such a thing as the affinity of spirits, and among the authors of ancient and modern times, one must try to find an author whose spirit is akin with his own. Only in this way can one get any real good out of reading.▇课⽂参考译⽂读书的艺术林语堂1 读书或书籍的享受素来被视为有修养的⽣活上的⼀种雅事，⽽在⼀些不⼤有机会享受这种权利的⼈们看来，这是⼀种值得尊重和妒忌的事。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4unit2课文逐段翻译
Unit 2Text A技术与幸福Technology and Happiness詹姆斯·萨洛维奇PrefaceIn the present era, all of us are enthusiastically pursuing technological advancement and take it for granted that the development of technology will make us happier. However, little evidence can be found to prove the correlation between technology and happiness once material and technological advances reach a certain level. The text below may provide you with some insights into this issue.20世纪的美国人、欧洲人和东亚人都享受到了过去历代人都无法想象的物质和技术进步带来的乐趣。
譬如，在美国，从1950年到2000年国民生产总值翻了3倍。
人们的寿命大幅度提高。
二战后生产力的迅速发展使商品变得价廉物美。
诸如乘飞机旅游和打长途电话等曾经是奢侈的事情成了生活不可或缺的一部分。
In the 20th century, Americans, Europeans, and East Asians enjoyed material and technological advances that were unimaginable in previous eras. In the United States, for instance, gross domestic product per capita tripled from 1950 to 2000. Life expectancy soared. The boom in productivity after World War II made goods better and cheaper at the same time . Things that were once luxuries, such as jet travel and long-distance phone calls, became necessities. And even though Americans seemed to work extraordinarily hard, their pursuit of entertainment turned media and leisure into multibillion-dollar industries.那么，根据大多数标准衡量，你会说，现在的美国人比上个世纪中叶富裕多了。
新世纪大学英语综合教程第四册新理念单元测试答案U1-C
新世纪（第二版）综合B4U1-C（试卷总分：100分）Part I Listening Comprehension ( 7 minutes )Directions: In this section, you will hear several conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer.∙1. A) 5:00.该选项共0人选择B) 5:15.该选项共3人选择C) 5:30.该选项共1人选择D) 5:45.该选项共1人选择∙∙∙Script: M: What's the time for departure?W: 5:30. That only leaves us fifteen minutes to go through the customs and check our baggage.Q: At what time did the conversation take place?∙该题共5人答题，答对3人，答错2人，正确率为60%，错误率为40%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙2. A) The results were called in yesterday.该选项共0人选择B) The results might be ready tomorrow.该选项共5人选择C) The man needs another test tomorrow.该选项共0人选择D) The doctor gave him the results yesterday.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: M: Hello. This is John Brown. I am calling to see if my blood test results are in.W: Dr. Wong just sent them to the lab yesterday. So the earliest they could be back is tomorrow.Q: What does the woman mean?∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙3. A) Typing a proposal.该选项共1人选择B) Writing a proposal.该选项共1人选择C) Posting a proposal.该选项共0人选择D) Checking a proposal.该选项共3人选择∙∙∙Script: W:What are we going to do in case of mistake? The proposal has been typed already. It looks ready to go.M:We'll just have to write in any corrections by hand.Q:What are the man and the woman most likely doing?∙该题共5人答题，答对3人，答错2人，正确率为60%，错误率为40%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D∙4. A) His room is quite small.该选项共1人选择B) He has to walk around the dormitory.该选项共0人选择C) It's hard to find a room in the dormitory.该选项共4人选择D) It's his turn to inspect the dormitory room.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: Your dormitory room isn't very large, is it?M: I can hardly turn around in it.Q: What does the man mean?∙该题共5人答题，答对1人，答错4人，正确率为20%，错误率为80%∙正确答案（2.00分）：A∙5. A) Wife and Husband.该选项共0人选择B) Shop assistant and Customer.该选项共2人选择C) Waitress and Customer.该选项共2人选择D) Secretary and Boss.该选项共1人选择∙∙∙Script: W: Can I help you, sir?M:Well, I'd like to buy some socks and a shirt — a white one with long sleeves, please.Q:What is the most probable relationship between these two speakers?∙该题共5人答题，答对2人，答错3人，正确率为40%，错误率为60%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙6. A) Come to see him on Wednesday.该选项共1人选择B) Call him on Thursday.该选项共4人选择C) Make another appointment.该选项共0人选择D) Come back in a week.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W:Should I make an appointment to see you again, Mr. Jones?M:I'm not sure that will be necessary. You might call me Thursday morning.Q:What did Mr. Jones tell the woman to do?∙该题共5人答题，答对4人，答错1人，正确率为80%，错误率为20%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙7. A) He lost it.该选项共2人选择B) He used it last night.该选项共2人选择C) He was the last to use it.该选项共1人选择D) He finally brought it back.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: M: Where did you put the iron?W: Frank had it last.Q: What does the woman say about Frank and the iron?∙该题共5人答题，答对1人，答错4人，正确率为20%，错误率为80%∙正确答案（2.00分）：C∙8. A) To read the textbook.该选项共0人选择B) To read a novel.该选项共1人选择C) To write a composition.该选项共0人选择D) To see a movie and write a comment.该选项共4人选择∙∙∙Script: M:Did the professor give an assignment for Monday?W:Nothing to read in the textbook, but we have to see a movie and write a short comment about it.Q:What have the students been assigned to do before Monday?∙该题共5人答题，答对4人，答错1人，正确率为80%，错误率为20%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D∙9. A) In February.该选项共1人选择B) In January.该选项共3人选择C) In December.该选项共0人选择D) In November.该选项共1人选择∙∙∙Script: M: What terrible cold we are having now!W: November and December were bad enough, and I don't think the cold will be relieved before February.Q: When does the conversation most probably take place?∙该题共5人答题，答对3人，答错2人，正确率为60%，错误率为40%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙10. A) Buy a boutique.该选项共1人选择B) Buy a dress for his wife.该选项共4人选择C) Talk to Mrs Winter.该选项共0人选择D) Call Mr Howard.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: M:Mrs Winter, I need your advice. I want to buy a dress for my wife. Can you tell me where I can get one at a reasonable price?W:Sure, go to Mr Howard's boutique. He has beautiful styles and gives a 10% discount to husbands and boyfriends who shop alone.Q:What did the man wish to do?∙该题共5人答题，答对4人，答错1人，正确率为80%，错误率为20%∙正确答案（2.00分）：BPart II Reading Comprehension ( 24 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.∙The soaring number of gender-bending chemicals in the environment has disturbing fertility implications for humans and wildlife, scientists are warning. They say wild animals are being "feminized" by a host of common man-made 11 which mimic the female sex hormone oestrogen(雌激素)and escape into seas, rivers, the earth and air when waste is 12 of. The chemicals —found in food packaging, cleaning products, plastics, sewage and paint — cause genital deformities, reduce sperm count and even turn 13 into females. Dozens of species —including polar bears, fish, whales and otters —are suffering, according to the environmental group ChemTrust. Fish have been 14 hit by man-made gender-bending chemicals. In one study, half the male fish in British lowland rivers had signs of being 15 . But all vertebrates — or creatures with backbones — have 16 sex hormone receptors in their bodies."Therefore, observations in one species may serve to 17 pollution issues of concern for other vertebrates, including humans," the report says. Its author, Gywnne Lyons, a former government adviser on chemical-pollution, said: "Some 18 actions are needed to control gender-bending chemicals and more resources are needed for monitoring wildlife.""If wildlife populations crash, it will be too late. Unless enough males contribute to the next generation there is a real 19 to animal populations in the long term." Some studies have shown that sperm counts in the West have fallen over the past 30 years. Others have shown a rise in boys born with genitaldeformities. Communities heavily polluted with hormone-disrupting chemicals in Russia, Canada and Italy have 20 twice as many girls as boys.∙11. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：G∙12. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙13. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：I∙14. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：K∙15. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：E∙16. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：M∙17. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：N∙18. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙19. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙20. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：HSection BDirections: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.∙Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.All forms of life interact with the environment in which they exist, and also with other life forms. In the 20th century this premise gave rise to the concept of ecosystems, which can be defined as any situation where there is interaction between organisms and their environment.Ecosystems are composed of a variety of abiotic and biotic components that function in an interrelated way. The structure and composition is determined by various environmental factors that are interrelated.Variations of these factors will initiate dynamic modifications to the ecosystem. Some of the more important components are: soil, atmosphere, radiation from the sun, water, and living organisms.Each living organism has a continual relationship with every other element that makes up its environment.Within the ecosystem, species are connected and dependent upon one another in the food chain, and exchange energy and matter between themselves as well as with their environment.Every species has limits of tolerance to factors that affect its survival, reproductive success and ability to continue to thrive and interact sustainably with the rest of its environment, which in turn may have effects on these factors for many other species or even on the whole of life. The concept of an ecosystem is thus an important subject of study, as such study provides information needed to make decisions about how human life may interact in a way that allows the various ecosystems to be sustained for future use rather than used up or otherwise rendered ineffective. For the purpose of such study, a unit of smaller size is called a microecosystem. For example, an ecosystem can be a stone and all the life under it. A macroecosystem might involve a whole ecological region, with its drainage basin.The following ecosystems are examples of the kinds currently under intensive study: oceanic ecosystems, continental ecosystems, such as "forest ecosystems", meadow ecosystems such as steppes or savannas, or agro-ecosystems, systems in inland waters, such as lentic ecosystems such as lakes or ponds; or lotic ecosystems(激流生态系统) such as rivers. Another classification can be made by reference to its communities, such as in the case of a human ecosystem. Regional groupings of distinctive plants and animals best adapted to the region's physical natural environment, latitude, altitude, and terrain are known as biomes. The broadest classification, today under wide study and analysis, and also subject to widespread arguments about its nature and validity, is that of the entire sum of life seen as analogous toa self-sustaining organism.21. Which of the following statements about an ecosystem is NOT true?A) An ecosystem is usually composed of some nonliving and living organisms.该选项共2人选择B) A stone and all the life under it can be regarded as an ecosystem.该选项共1人选择C) An ecosystem means the interaction between some nonliving and living organisms and theirenvironment.该选项共2人选择D) Sunlight, air, soil, water, and human beings are some of the important elements within theecosystem.该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对2人，答错3人，正确率为40%，错误率为60%∙正确答案（2.00分）：C22. How is the relationship among all the living organisms?A) All the living organisms are closely related to each other.该选项共1人选择B) Each living organism depends on others.该选项共0人选择C) In order to thrive, they have to give and gain energy from others.该选项共2人选择D) All of the above.该选项共2人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对2人，答错3人，正确率为40%，错误率为60%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D23. Why is it important to learn the concept of an ecosystem according to the text?A) Many species has limited capacity to continue to grow vigorously.该选项共1人选择B) We can learn how to protect the natural resources for future use.该选项共0人选择C) Apart from a microecosystem, it is also important to learn the concept of a macroecosystem whichusually involves a whole ecological region.该选项共3人选择D) We can make decisions for human life to interact with sustainable development.该选项共1人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对0人，答错5人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B24. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) Rivers, lakes or ponds belong to oceanic ecosystem.该选项共2人选择B) The classification that each life can be regarded as a self-sustaining organism is still underwidespread arguments.该选项共0人选择C) The broadest classification of ecosystem might involve a whole ecological region, such as in thecase of a human ecosystem.该选项共1人选择D) All of the above.该选项共2人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对0人，答错5人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B25. The possible meaning of the word "lentic" in the last paragraph is "of or relating to ________".A) dirty waters该选项共2人选择B) still waters该选项共3人选择C) deep waters该选项共0人选择D) fresh waters该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对3人，答错2人，正确率为60%，错误率为40%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Beauty in nature has long been a common theme in life and in art, and books emphasizing beauty in nature fill large sections of libraries and bookstores. That nature has been depicted and celebrated by so much art, photography, poetry and other literature shows the strength with which many people associate nature and beauty. Why this association exists, and what the association consists of, are studied by the branch of philosophy called aesthetics. Beyond certain basic characteristics that many philosophers agree about to explain what is seen as beautiful, the opinions are virtually endless.Looked at through the lens of the visual arts, nature and wildness have been important subjects in various epochs of world history. An early tradition of landscape art began in China during the Tang Dynasty. The tradition of representing nature as it is became one of the aims of Chinese painting and wasa significant influence in Asian art. Artists learned to depict mountains and rivers "from the perspective ofnature as a whole and on the basis of their understanding of the laws of nature ... as if seen through the eyes of a bird." In the 13th century, the Song Dynasty artist Shi Erji listed "scenes lacking any places made inaccessible by nature," as one of the 12 things to avoid in painting.In the Western world the idea of wilderness having intrinsic value emerged in the 1800s, especially in the works of the Romantic movement. British artists John Constable and J.M.W. Turner turned their attention to capturing the beauty of the natural world in their paintings. Before that, paintings had been primarily of religious scenes or of human beings. William Wordsworth's poetry described the wonder of the natural world, which had formerly been viewed as a threatening place. Increasingly the valuing of nature became an aspect of Western culture.Many scientists, who study nature in more specific and organized ways, also share the conviction that nature is beautiful; the French mathematician, Jules Henri Poincaré said: "The scientist does not study nature because it is useful; he studies it because he delights in it, and he delights in it because it is beautiful. If nature were not beautiful, it would not be worth knowing, and if nature were not worth knowing, life would not be worth living. Of course I do not here speak of that beauty which strikes the senses, the beauty of qualities and of appearance; not that I undervalue such beauty, far from it, but it has nothing to do with science; I mean that profounder beauty which comes from the harmonious order of the parts and which a pure intelligence can grasp."26. What is the main point of the underlined sentence in Para.1?A) Nature has been represented by many arts including photography and poetry.该选项共2人选择B) Many literatures show the strength that many people use to associate nature with beauty.该选项共1人选择C) Beauty and nature are so closely linked that they find their way in books and arts.该选项共2人选择D) Nature and beauty have long been associated with strong artistic depiction.该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对2人，答错3人，正确率为40%，错误率为60%∙正确答案（2.00分）：C27. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the first paragraph?A) Many philosophers have the same feeling about what is seen as beautiful.该选项共0人选择B) People will never stop arguing about what is beautiful and what is not beautiful.该选项共4人选择C) Beauty in nature fills large sections of libraries and bookstores.该选项共1人选择D) A branch of philosophy called aesthetics studies the association between people and nature.该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对4人，答错1人，正确率为80%，错误率为20%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B28. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A) China is the earliest culture to develop the tradition of landscape art.该选项共0人选择B) Chinese painting has a significant influence on Asian art.该选项共2人选择C) Artists learned to represent mountains and rivers in a picture from the perspective of nature as awhole.该选项共1人选择D) Nature and wildness remain important themes for visual arts in various historical stages.该选项共2人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对2人，答错3人，正确率为40%，错误率为60%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D29. What can we know about William Wordsworth?A) William Wordsworth's poetry had formerly been viewed as a dangerous thing.该选项共0人选择B) People wandering the natural world in William Wordsworth's poetry think it is a threatening place.该选项共0人选择C) Because of some religious reasons, people thought the natural world in William Wordsworth'spoetry is a threatening place.该选项共2人选择D) The natural world in William Wordsworth's poetry is very wonderful.该选项共3人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对3人，答错2人，正确率为60%，错误率为40%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D30. Why do many scientists study nature?A) Nature is beautiful.该选项共2人选择B) Nature is worth studying.该选项共0人选择C) Scientists can grasp the harmonious order of the parts of nature.该选项共2人选择D) Scientists delight in studying nature because it is useful.该选项共1人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对2人，答错3人，正确率为40%，错误率为60%∙正确答案（2.00分）：APart III Vocabulary and Structure ( 10 minutes )Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentencethere are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.∙31. He made outstanding contributions in the ____ of foreign affairs.A) realm该选项共4人选择B) region该选项共0人选择C) reality该选项共1人选择D) referee该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对4人，答错1人，正确率为80%，错误率为20%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙32. I should assign you your share of labour, and ____ you to accomplish it.A) complete该选项共1人选择B) compare该选项共0人选择C) compensate该选项共1人选择D) compel该选项共3人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对3人，答错2人，正确率为60%，错误率为40%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙33. But they also say that even with today's ____ science, the DNA is right.A) important该选项共0人选择B) imperfect该选项共3人选择C) deficit该选项共1人选择D) import该选项共1人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对3人，答错2人，正确率为60%，错误率为40%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙34. That does not mean that we should develop a needlessly ____ mood against Germany.A) hospitable该选项共2人选择B) hospital该选项共0人选择C) hostile该选项共3人选择D) friendly该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对3人，答错2人，正确率为60%，错误率为40%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙35. Hagen saw Sollazzo's face go pale, his eyes ____ with rage.A) glazing该选项共3人选择B) shining该选项共0人选择C) glittering该选项共2人选择D) twittering该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对2人，答错3人，正确率为40%，错误率为60%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙36. He began to have blinding headaches and to ____ exhaustion.A) show signs of该选项共3人选择B) show around该选项共1人选择C) show off该选项共1人选择D) for show该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对3人，答错2人，正确率为60%，错误率为40% ∙正确答案（1分）：A∙37. Jim's father is afraid that he may ____ to larger firms.A) lose on该选项共0人选择B) lose to该选项共0人选择C) lose out该选项共5人选择D) loose out该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0% ∙正确答案（1分）：C∙38. I ____ every loyal Confederate to cast them out.A) call in该选项共0人选择B) call upon该选项共4人选择C) call off该选项共0人选择D) call out该选项共1人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对4人，答错1人，正确率为80%，错误率为20% ∙正确答案（1分）：B∙39. You should ____ go swimming right after eating.A) know better than to该选项共1人选择B) know better as to该选项共1人选择C) know better than该选项共3人选择D) know better as该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对1人，答错4人，正确率为20%，错误率为80% ∙正确答案（1分）：A∙40. He lay ____ sat in the armchair after drinking a lot of wine.A) rather than该选项共4人选择B) less than该选项共0人选择C) other than该选项共1人选择D) more than该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对4人，答错1人，正确率为80%，错误率为20% ∙正确答案（1分）：A∙41. Perhaps to ____ him, his father sent him to Admiral Farragut Academy in New Jersey.A) apprentice该选项共0人选择B) demand该选项共0人选择C) require该选项共0人选择D) discipline该选项共5人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙42. The troop made good their ____ from the occupied city.A) turn该选项共0人选择B) retreat该选项共5人选择C) yield该选项共0人选择D) escape该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙43. He had a fall, which was ____ of his downfall.A) miserable该选项共1人选择B) unfortunate该选项共0人选择C) ominous该选项共4人选择D) gloomy该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对4人，答错1人，正确率为80%，错误率为20%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙44. One single slip brings ____ regret, and looking back, your whole life has passed away.A) temporary该选项共1人选择B) instant该选项共0人选择C) spontanious该选项共0人选择D) eternal该选项共4人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对4人，答错1人，正确率为80%，错误率为20%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙45. That important personage was not ____ present to receive his guests.A) not yet该选项共0人选择B) so yet该选项共1人选择C) as yet该选项共4人选择D) no yet该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对4人，答错1人，正确率为80%，错误率为20%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙46. As adults, we do not have the same exposure to the language, even if we ____ a foreign country.A) live该选项共0人选择B) stay该选项共0人选择C) reside in该选项共5人选择D) live on该选项共0人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙47. No one had told Smith about ____ a lecture the following day.A) there was该选项共0人选择B) there would be该选项共1人选择C) there be该选项共0人选择D) there being该选项共4人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对4人，答错1人，正确率为80%，错误率为20%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙48. I was listening to the music, ____ I didn't hear the knock at the door.A) in the result that该选项共0人选择B) with the result that该选项共3人选择C) the result was that该选项共0人选择D) resulting that该选项共1人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对3人，答错2人，正确率为60%，错误率为40%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙49. A number that must be entered by a user before a remote terminal, or point of sale terminal, can beused to ______ information or complete a transaction.A) transform该选项共2人选择B) transfer该选项共2人选择C) transfuse该选项共0人选择D) transport该选项共1人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对2人，答错3人，正确率为40%，错误率为60%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙50. We are experiencing an incredible ______ from the age of industrial, mechanical artifacts to an age ofdigital, information objects.A) transmit该选项共1人选择B) transformation该选项共2人选择C) transmission该选项共0人选择D) transfer该选项共2人选择∙该题共5人答题，答对2人，答错3人，正确率为40%，错误率为60%∙正确答案（1分）：DPart IV Error Correction ( 10 minutes )Directions: In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line.To correct these mistakes, you may need to change, delete or add a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.∙The word nature is derived of the Latin word natura, 51. __________or "essential qualities, innate disposition," but literally meaning"birth." Natura originally related to the extrinsic characteristics 52. __________ that plants, animals, and other features of the world develop oftheir own accord. The concept of nature as a whole, the physicaluniverse, is one of several expansions of the original notion.Within the various uses of the word today, "nature" may refer 53. __________the general realm of various types of living plants and animals,and in some cases to the processes associated to inanimate 54. __________objects — the way what particular types of things exist and change 55. __________of their own accord, such as the weather and geology of Earth, 56. __________and the matter and energy of which all these things are composed.It is not often taken to mean the "natural environment" or wilderness —57. __________wild animals, rocks, forest, beaches, and in general those things thathave not been substantial altered by human intervention, or which 58. __________persist despite human intervention. For example, manufactured objectsand human interaction generally are not considered part of nature,unless qualified as, for example, "human nature" or "the whole of nature".This more traditional concept of natural things which can still found 59. __________today implies a distinction between the natural and the artificial,with the artificially being understood as that which has been brought 60. __________into being by a human consciousness or a human mind.∙51. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对0人，答错5人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（1.00分）：The word nature is derived from the Latin word natura,∙52. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对0人，答错5人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（1.00分）："birth." Natura originally related to the intrinsic characteristics∙53. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对4人，答错1人，正确率为80%，错误率为20%∙正确答案（1.00分）：Within the various uses of the word today, "nature" may refer to∙54. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：and in some cases to the processes associated with inanimate∙55. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：objects — the way that particular types of things exist and change∙56. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：of their own accord, such as the weather and geology of the Earth,∙57. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：It is often taken to mean the "natural environment" or wilderness —∙58. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：have not been substantially altered by human intervention, or which∙59. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：This more traditional concept of natural things which can still be found∙60. ______________________∙该题共5人答题，答对5人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：with the artificial being understood as that which has been brought∙Part V Translation ( 10 minutes )Directions: Translate the following passage(s) into English (with the given words or phrases).∙61. 大熊猫体型似熊，身体毛色绝大多数为黑白相间，即两耳、眼圈、鼻吻端、四肢及肩胛部为黑色，其余为白色。
B4U1新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程第4册Unit1
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D)B eause tce seh fasheiier arse ogngito e exbhautsde.17新世纪大英学系语教列(材第版二)综合程4教iLtesn nda RspoenWodd BankrTa s OkenTask wTonit U14.H w mochuf ihs is havestre ind th Noeth rAltnatc iverye yae? A)r 21b liilo ponnus. dB)1 2mlliion opunds .C) 0 b2liiolnpo nus. D)d 02 mlilinopoun ds1.8新纪大学世语英系列材教第二版)综合(程4教iLtesn nd ResaponWord daBk Tansk neOTask TwoU ni 1t5. Wht aarninw dog cseintsis givt eint h eapssga?eA) Ntaraul esrurcoe swli lbee haxused withti thn nexe fet wyeas.rB )iFshreser ves iwllbe edtsoyred iwthin he nexttfew yea srb eacue of secessivxe ifhsnig .)CPeo pel nis omep atrsof t e world wihll fcae tsavariot nebacue sf toeh roudhgt.D)Peop l’sede mando f nihs iwl dellcine n iose mprts afo th ewoldr.19新纪世学英语系大教材列第(版二)合综程4。
新世纪英语专业综合教程(第二版)第4册Unit3
For one thing, there was nothing to hack. People would provide their own pictures, their own information, and people had the ability to invite, or not invite, their friends to join. In addition, in a world where social structure was everything, that was the thing.
Practice: Please find more examples of antonyms in the text.
Detailed readT Will Baker
1 The Internet provides an amazing forum for the free exchange of ideas. Given the relatively few restrictions governing access and usage, it is the communications modal equivalent of international waters. It is my personal belief that the human potential can only be realized by the globalization of ideas. I developed this position years before the Internet came into widespread use. And I am excited at the potential for the Internet to dramatically alter our global society for the better. However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences.
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后答案（完整版）
Unit1Working with words and expressions 1. 2. clozeTranslationAnswers to Unit 2 Book 4Unit Two Man and TechnologyWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent6) advent 7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty11) boom 12) formal 13) soar14) survey 15) Similarly16) modify 17) rough2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average 6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at workIncreasing Your Word Power1.AdjectivesNounsAdjectivesNouns1) technologicaltechnology6) luxuriousluxury2) eternaleternity7) leisurelyleisure3) miraculousmiracle8) subjectivesubject4) relevantrelevance9) prosperousprosperity5) analyticalAnalysis10) innovativeinnovation2. 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic 6) multilateral7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5)a multifunction video camera6) a multi-ethnic community 7) a multimedia dictionary8) multi-cultural education9) a multilateral trade negotiation 10) multiform technological cooperation3. 1) j 2) c 3) b 4) i 5) a 6)g 7) d 8) e 9) f 10) h4.AdjectivesNounsAdjectivesNouns1) creativecreativity6) minorminority2) cruel cruelty7) original originality3) equal equality 8) pure purity4) local locality 9) regular regularity5) major majority 10) superior superiority1) superiority 2) equality 3) originality 4) minority5) Creativity 6) purity 7) cruelty Grammar Review1. 1) My mother would not be worried about me if she knew whatmy life was like.2) They would probably allow you to do the job if you were in better health.3) They wouldn’t work with such enthusiasm if they didn’t know what they were working for.4) I would have to look it up in the dictionary if I didn’t know the meaning of the word.5) She would understand what we say if she knew Chinese.6) I would be quite satisfied if you spoke with greater accuracy.2. 1) If we knew where he was, we would try to get in touch with him.2) If it were not for the expense involved, we would go there by plane.3) If we were to miss the train, we would have to wait another four hours.4) If we pooled all our resources, we would have enough money to buythe equipment.5) If he didn’t have a strong love for the handicapped children, he wouldn’t be working so tirelessly for them.Cloze1) emphasize 2) opposite 3) improved 4) luxuries 5) benefited6) obviously 7) consciously 8) fractures 9) eternal 10) groundbreaking11) entitled 12) correlation 13) depends 14) exclusivelyTranslation1. 1) He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.2) The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s plan to build a new library.3) The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4) I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.5) He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6) Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whetherhe can be a good lawyer or not.7) The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8) These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is more dangerous.9) Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10) What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.2.Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’sincome and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Theme-related WritingSample Essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s livesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides,the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiationwaves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology,improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us stillbetter.(184 words)key to unit 3 book 4WORDS IN ACTIONWorking With Words and Expressions1. 1) quest 2) remained 3) consume 4) likewise5) vessel 6) qualify7) stiff 8) collapsed9) predict 10) inevitably 11) absorbed 12) sheer13) refining 14) paralyzed 15) exchange2. 1) In a way 2) act on3) to such an extent that4) opens up 5) close off 6)look intoIncreasing Your Word Power1.Clipped wordsOriginal formsClipped wordsOriginal formsfaxfacsimilefridgerefrigeratorautoautomobilememo memorandumburgerhamburgerPoli-sciPolitical sciencedemo demonstrationsubSubstitute; submarine fluInfluenzazooZoological garden 2.Nouns / Adjectives SuffixesUncountable Nouns Chinese Meaningsking-dom / -hoodKingdom王国；领域fatherfatherhood父亲的身份（或资格）adultadulthood成年brotherbrotherhood手足之情，同胞之爱freefreedom自由；自主dukedukedom公爵的爵位likelylikeliness可能性neighbor neighborhood街坊，四邻；住宅区wisewisedom智慧，才智womanwomanhood女子成年期；女子气质3. 1) positive2) certain3) less4) unknown5) complete6) infinite7) hopeless8) modern9) individual10) contradictoryGRAMMAR REVIEW1. 1) If they hadn’t broken away from the out-of-date regulation, they wouldn’t have made great advances in their work.2) If they hadn’t taken proper care of her, she wouldn’t have recovered so rapidly.3) The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t made adequate preparations.4) We would have had a hard time if we hadn’t followed the right instructions.5) The flood would have caused great damage to our property if we hadn’t built so many reservoirs.6) They would have succeeded in the experiment if they had followed the right procedure.2. 1) If English hadn’t become a language of international business after World War II, most developing countries wouldn’t have required students to study it at school.2) If William hadn’t invaded England in 1066, the English language wouldn’t have had many words of French origin.3) If modern English hadn’t developed from several different languages, the grammar and spelling rules wouldn’t have been so irregular.4) If England hadn’t been conquered by the Normans in 1066,French wouldn’t have become the main language of the ruling class atthat time.CLOZE1. 1) topic 2) creates 3) really 4) grasp5) sure 6) opposite 7) contradictory 8) reality9) physical 10) rigidity 11) individual 12) humility13) rainbow 14) falsehoodTRANSLATION1. 1) Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish thebank robbers severely.2) The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in theirlong-term quest for a cure for the disease.3) Acting on the information they received, the police closed off thestreets and caught the bank robbers.4) We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5) The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to be re-employed.6) To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7) He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with the other students in a month.8) The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.9) It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponents.10) Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use / employment of new technologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.2.We all know that knowledge is power but we are seldom aware of how difficult knowledge transfer is. According to Victoria Griffith, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer and lack of trust is one of the major ones.It seems to her that people are only to absorb knowledge readily from those they know and trust. For example, in the early 17th century,Galileo argued that the earth and other planets move around the sun, but this knowledge was rejected by the general populations at that time because the Italian over three hundred years ago trusted the Roman Catholic Church more than they trusted science. What was worse, Galileo had to spend the rest of his life under house arrest for his ideas.Victoria Griffith reminds us that knowledge transfer is still a tough problem although we are living in the “knowledge era.”THEME-RELATED WRITINGSample Essay:Knowledge transfer is a human phenomenon and plays a very important role in the process of human evolution. With the knowledge accumulated over generations, human beings can now build and transform societies with unprecedented knowledge resources.However, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer. For example, lack of trust and resistance to change undermine the transfer of knowledge. People are less likely to acquire knowledge from those whom they don’t trust or to adopt new theories and practices they are notfamiliar with. Cultural and language barriers also hamper the transfer of knowledge between nations or ethnic groups. It would be almost impossible for people who speak different languages or dialects with different cultural backgrounds to communicate effecitvely, not to mention exchanging knowledge.An underdeveloped economy is another barrier to knowledge transfer. The lack of socio-economic and techno-environmental cooperation, as well as poor communications infrastructure, can greatly hinder the flow of knowledge within and between nations.To remove these barriers, people should change their attitude towards knowledge transfer and the learning of foreign languages and cultures. At the same time, efforts should be made to develop a better world economy. (190 words)The Answers to Book4---Unit4Enhance Your Language Awareness(I) Working with Words and Expressions1. (1) mass (2) gambled (3) voluntary (4) hunted (5) classified (6) abolished (7) division (8) senseless (9) fashions (10)coordination (11) declarations (12) spanned(13)recommends/recommended (14)moderately (15) slightest 2. (1) stands/stood a chance (2) ruled out (3) worthy of(4) gone through (5) in the strict sense (6) At a guess (7) earns a living (8) coincide with (9) gone in for (10) got their teeth into(II) Increasing Your Word Power1.(1) imaginary (2) congratulatory (3) Migratory (4)documentary(5) legendary (6) introductory (7) contradictory (8) explanatory2. (1) vocation (2) posts (3) trade (4) job(5) work (6) profession (7)career (8) position3. (2)lawyer (3)electrician (4) philosopher (5) musician(6) engineer (7) surgeon (8) cashier (9) photographer (10) biologist Grammar1(1) I don’t remember having borrowed/ borrowing anything from you.(2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.(3) The prospect of Profesor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.(4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.(5) Arriving at the school gate, ha found his classmates had alreadyassembled.2(1) He was afraid of falling behind the others..(2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.(3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan ?(4) We’re greatful to you for having given us so much help.(5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them. (III) Cloze(1) enjoy (2)physical (3)compelled (4) necessity (5) support (6) mental (7) idealize (8) status (9) values(10) classified (11) essential (12) mind (13) attitude (14) fortunate(IV) Translation1. Sentence translation(1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was compelled to resign from the post of general manager of the company.(2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.(3) I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.(4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds ofhardships.(5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.(6) The municipal government promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.(7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.(8) If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.(9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.(10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdles and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.\2. Paragraph translationSome people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiam, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he willl find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.The Answers to Book4---Unit5Enhance Your Language Awareness(I) Working with Words and Expressions1. (1) fortune (2) dull (3) chased (4) launched(5) finance (6) reputation (7) liberty (8) publicity(9) sufficiently (10) sympathy (11) target (12) educate (13) commerce (14) alike (15) bored (16) audiences(17) regard (18) assure2. (1) thrown out (2) and so on (3) for dear life (4) dedicate himself to (5) was tired of (6) turn away (7) hang on (8) for the sake of(II) Increasing Your Word Power1.Back-formationOriginal word Back-formation Original wordautomate automation housekeep housekeeperbabysit babysitter mass-produce mass-productionbook-keepbook-keeping self-destruct self-destructiondry-cleandry-cleaning window-shopwindow-shoppingediteditorwordprocesswordprocessor2. (1) reached / secured (2) achieved / attained (3) attained / reached(4) reach / secure (5) achieved / realized / fulfilled (6) fulfill / meet / satisy3. (2) competitive (3) same (4) momentary (5) specific(6) sufficient (7) cruel (8) humble (9) famous (10) reasonable Grammar Review1(1) (real) subject(2) object to the verb “make”(3) predicate(4) attribute modifying “opportunity”(5) object complement(6) adverbial of purpose(7) adverbial of result(8) predicative(9) attribute modifying “person”(10) independent element2(1) To become a famous writer(2) to take traveler’s checks(3) to employ a young engineer(4) take the machine apart(5) To understand the situation completely(6) to rise higher in position(7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before(8) to apply for a known job opening(9) to make trouble(10) To be more exact(III) Cloze(1) chase (2) reputation (3) dedicate (4) reward (5) sufficiently (6) measured (7) assure (8) Momentary (9) celebrity(10) target (11) frank (12) liberty (13) illusory (14) regard(IV) Translation1. Sentence translation(1) He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the venge of collapse but failed.(2) The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.(3) The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.(4) She loves giving parties and does os whenever she can find an excuse.(5) I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.(6) To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to the company.(7) It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.(8) Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another interview before hiring him.(9) The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.(10) I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.2. Paragraph translationMany people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect form the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their livesdoes motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success.For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitalbe fuse for theelectric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the endof their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. Aslong as you have tried your best, you’re already successful whether youare famous or not.Uint6Working with words and expressions 1. 2. clozeTranslationUint7Working with words and expressions 1. 2. clozeTranslationUint8Working with words and expressions 1. 2. clozeTranslation。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4 Unit 2 Man and Technology
Get Started
Unit 2
Discussion
Quotes
Watching and Discussion
Work in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.
1. What changes have taken place in our life with the advancement of technology?
— Isaac Asimov
Click Picture
Interpretation:
This quote tells us that knowledge is not wisdom. Knowledge alone does not necessarily make us wiser. Although science has brought about a rapid growth in knowledge, today’s society has not witnessed any corresponding increase in wisdom. And what we are in desperate need of today is wisdom rather than scientific knowledge, for knowledge helps us make a living while wisdom helps us make a life.
Get Started
Unit 2
Discussion
Quotes
Watching and Discussion
It is difficult to say what is impossible, for the dreams of yesterday are the hopes of today, and the realities of tomorrow.
新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程4（第2版）U1~U8paraphrase与中译英答案
新世纪⾼等院校英语专业本科⽣系列教材综合教程4（第2版）U1~U8paraphrase与中译英答案1, Britain has been in too long a period of stillness without taking any particular action against the enemy.2, We are sure to experience both Triumph and Disaster, but must avoid clouding our judgment through exaggerating their importance.3, Never give in unless we are convinced that it is honourable and sensible for us to do so.4, Other nations thought that Britain was completely conquered.5, We will win as long as we hold on to the end.1. I had arranged for them to meet each other at the pub, but the young man never turned up.2. You cannot tell merely from appearances whether things will turn out unfavourable to us or not.3. The soldier, who stood in the gap in every battle, gained the highest honors of the country.4. the chairman spoke so forcefully that the rest of the committee yielded to his opinion.5. They are well-to-do now, but along the way they had their ups and downs.6. There are two questions to which I will address myself in this lecture.7. We are planning a big Christmas party in your honour.8. Hearing that tune threw my mind back to my childhood.1. The phrase “personal space” has odd touch that was characteristic of the 1970s.2. In hot summer days people can be drawn to each other, especially to the opposite sex ( or feel disgusted with the closeness of others. )3. People in different regions are given different sizes of personal space.4. It is quite common that one person occupies a booth and a set of facing seats designed for four people.5. The author hopes that his own stand against the shrinking of personal space, while small in itself, will nonetheless eventually have a dramatic effect in the same way as the breeze from a butterfly’s wings in Japan, if it initiates a chain of waves, may eventually produce a tidal wave in California.1. The pigeon was wedged in the fork of a branch and it fell after a while.2. The payment that the motorist will have to make is proportional to the amount of damage he has done to the other person’s car.3. You can only enter the cave by inching through a narrow tunnel on your stomach.4. She stammered some apology for entering my office without knocking as she sidled towards thedoor.5. He took pains to explain to me that I was not being dismissed because I didn’t do my work well but because the company was confronted by financial troubles.6. The enlistment of young soldiers infused new hope and morale into the army.7. Once the older boys stake a claim to the lawn, the younger ones had to give way to them to avoid conflict.8. The man following her made her uneasy and she couldn’t help quickening her steps.1. As the Internet can be reached and used with relatively few restrictions, it plays a role in connecting people globally, which is comparable to traveling through international waterways.2. A lot of people talk about the "new information age", but not so many people are acquainted withthe idea that the Internet separates people from each other and fragments society further as a result.3. I think that in our society the top priority is given to the satisfaction of one's immediate needs. The Internet is the best means to achieve this purpose, for on the Internet one can do whatever he likes to.1, There's no denying that smoking is addictive. And once you are addicted, it's very difficult to get rid of the habit.2, In a Japanese-made video game, players can simulate the experience of AIDS from HIV infection until death.3, I’m sure he was in earnest when he said that you could use this money to continue your study of music.4, We can only increase production at the expense of quality, which could ruin the company's reputation.5, She is not often given to anger, but this time she really lost her temper.6, A teacher of foreign language should possess at the very least a graduate degree from a certified education school or institute if he is to teach high school.7, I soon perceived that I couldn't make him change his mind.1, The responsibility was therefore placed on Yamahata's shoulders to record the effects systematically and incidentally with a great and simple artistry.2, That vanished city rather than its remains represents the true measure of the event.3, In the photographs Nagasaki regains its own status.4, The human imagination had been exhausted and stopped at the wreckage of the first ruined city and failed to reach even the outskirts of Nagasaki.5, Apart from the pictures of Nagasaki we seem to need some other picture to inspire in us a hope of life to counterbalance the sense of doom suggested by the ruined Nagasaki.1. Their cattle were branded with the letter C.2. In this season Brooks has really come into his own as a goal scorer.3. An economic crisis is hanging over that country.4. He is the man who really gives the order, but he always remains in the background.5. After dispatching the messenger, what is left for us to do is nothing but to wait.6. You just have to call and he's here in a flash.7. They have lived in the shadow of war for totally seventeen years.8. These are the last seven Northeast Tigers in existence. If human beings failed to protect them, the tigers of this species would face extinction.1, Slowly, the movie gave a panoramic picture of the characteristics of friendship.2, This was not simply a shift from one fashion to another, but a trend toward more realistic and natural depictions in cinema-making.3, The tendency to present only men as capable of true friendship was challenged by the appearance of a more subtleapproach.4, Buddies act tough to show off to each other, so would not reveal weakness; friends show their need for each other and are ready to confess weakness.1. Your remarks do make sense, but the way of expression borders on rudeness.2. Any unemployed person counts as deserving government help.3, On the whole I am quite satisfied with the experiment.4. A person's appearance makes a difference in how others judge him.5. Advertising tends to portray women in very traditional roles.6. Having inherited a considerable fortune, the twin sisters just couldn't wait to show off their jewelry.7, Public interests once again shifted its focus to the changes in the urban environment.8, The new type of trains can run smoothly at the speed of about 500 kilometres per hour; in contrast, the old ones are slow and clumsy.1, July 4 is one of the times I, as a native American, feel instinctively uneasy about the great gaps in our children’s understanding of their American identity, and thus I am motivated to do something to fill the gaps.2, And living away from our native country does not matter much.3, In the days when I lived in France as an expatriated child, French children were dressed in the unique French style, thus looking quite different from their counterparts in other countries.4, Full immersion in a truly foreign world no longer seems possible in Western countries, and I think this is a deplorable impact of globalization upon the growth of children in a foreign country. 1, The hall resonated with the notes of the trumpet solo.2, I saw, in my mind's eye, the pale face of the mother when she heard the news of her son's death. 3, The way he walks reminds me of the way his father used to walk.4, I mixed the dates up and arrived on the wrong way.5, Her heart swelled with pride when she learned that her daughter had been admitted by Oxford University.6,Theoretically speaking, the whole population should have direct access to information without waiting for its being filtered by the government or the media.7, Democrats have launched a campaign to win women voters in this presidential election.8, After he inherited his father's estate, he was immersed in all kinds of sensuous pleasures.1.He almost had no sense of responsibility.2.He wrote large numbers of letters begging for money. In some letters he was servile withoutshame, and in other letters he loftily offered his targeted benefactor the privilege of contributing to his support. If the recipient refused to accept his offer, i.e. refused to lend him money, he would fly into a rage.3.He would use his influence on as many people as possible in order to meet some admirer of hiswho was only too glad to offer him his help.4.Since Wagner was driven by such tremendous forces, it is no surprise that he didn’t behave likea normal human being.1, For the sake of your family, you should look before you leap and not take so many risks.2. I feel a bit out of sorts after last night's heavy drink.3. His father pulled endless wires and got him a position in an inflated government department.4. If you read his letter carefully, you can find his real intention between the lines.5. I knew I was downright rude to him, but I found excuses for myself.6. Many of the outstanding figures of the past were exceptionally versatile men. Leonardo da Vinci, for instance, rolled a painter and an inventor into one.7. He finally killed himself after being under the torment of insomnia for many years.8. He was dumb with amazement.1. “Yes, I am going down,”he says, meaning literally that he is going down with the bed butmetaphorically that his physical condition is doing from bad to worse.2. The wild, relaxed laughter is a totally new sound in the world that nobody has ever heard. The joyful laughter could even give a promising future to caner patients.3. The aide looks across at me, shaking her head to express her frustration and pursing her lips to signal her annoyance.1. Searchlights fingered across the black water.2. Since a robbery happened in this building, the night watchman has become more careful and makes his rounds once every hour.3. He stuck to his plan, though there was nothing left to prop him up.4. He is paid by the police to spy on the activities of the terrorists.5. In time they will come to accept the harsh reality.6. That man’s behavior looks very suspicious. He is pretending to sleep, but now and then he steals a furtive glance at the passers-by.7. The social and economic changes that have taken place in this country are so sweeping that it has dwarfed all its neighbors.8. In the dim light of the daybreak, I saw a dark shape looming athwart the door.。
(完整版)新世纪大学英语综合教程4(第二版)UNIT1课后习题答案
Unit OneMan and NatureEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the followingsentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1) spark2) compelled3) bare4) scrape5) destruction6) output7) retreat8) tipped9) miracle10) eternal11) pile12) transfer13) mass14) thereby15) have emerged16) trigger17) threaten18) consumed19) hollow2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentenceswith them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1) show signs of2) cope with3) lives in fear of4) tough it out5) cut down6) from head to foot7) searched out8) nothing short of9) As yet10) settle in11) take heart▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage. Reflect on thedifferences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1) temptation2) attraction3) chance4) opportunity5) states6) country7) warned8) threatened / threatens9) refuse10) reject11) total12) gross2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words, such as “comsat”from“communications” and “satellite”. Try to find out what words the following blends are formed from.3.Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must be opposite inmeaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆ Answers:1) individual2) contradictory3) destructive4) rational5) primitive6) synthetic7) distant8) pessimistic9) irreplaceable10) enormousGrammar in Context1.Study the following sentences from Text B and point out the grammatical function of each of thepresent participles used as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3) an adverbial of result4) an adverbial of result5) an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances6) an adverbial of result7) an adverbial of time2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, using a presentparticiple as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) killing thousands upon thousands of people2) raising the average yield by 15 percent3) trying to deduce its operating principle4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time6) leaving the project unfinished7) Turning to the right8) Not wanting to make the patient nervousCloze▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:(1) realm(2) elemental(3) obtain(4) stubbornly(5) transferred(6) transformed(7) subdued(8) expansion(9) irreplaceable(10) extinct(11) dynamic(12) verge(13) moderate(14) ecological(15) rationalTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for Reference:1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9) Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.10) Ask for help. Don’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.2. Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Theme-Related Writing▆ Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Understanding of Environmental Protection”. Your writing should cover the following points:1) the relationship between man and the environment2) the urgency of environmental protection3) ways to protect the environment▆Sample essayMy Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, m an’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities,so as to preserve the environment for future generations.(167 words)。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4第二版UNIT1课后习题答案
新世纪大学英语综合教程第4( 课后习题答案)UNIT1二版．Unit OneMan and NatureEnhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1.In the boxes below are some ofthe words you havelearned in this unit. Complete the following sentenceswith the words given. Change the form wherenecessary.▆ Answers:1) spark2) compelled3) bare4) scrape5) destruction6) output7) retreat8) tipped9) miracle10) eternal11) pile12) transfer13) mass14) thereby15) have emerged16) trigger17) threaten18) consumed19) hollow2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions youhave learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1) show signs of2) cope with3) lives in fear of4) tough it out5) cut down6) from head to foot7) searched out8) nothing short of9) As yet10) settle in11) take heart▆ Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage. Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change theform if necessary.▆ Answers:1) temptation2) attraction3) chance4) opportunity5) states6) country7) warned8) threatened / threatens9) refuse10) reject11) total12) gross 2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words, such as “comsat”from “communications” and “satellite”. Try to find out what words the following blends are formed from. You may consult a dictionary if necessary. ▆Answers:Blend Formation Meaningsmog smoke + fog 烟雾blog web + log 博客brunch breakfast+ 早午餐（早餐和午lunch餐合为一餐）automobile +autocide撞车自杀suicidechunnel channel +海峡隧tunnelmotor + hotelmotel汽车旅net + citizennetizen网+sci-fiscience科幻小fiction+workaholicwork工作alcoholic+wi-fiwireless无线网fidelityin an adjective Column B with 3. Fill in the blanks in in opposite adjective must be Text A. The target a form and must Column to the one in A meaning correct collocation with the noun in Column C.Answers:▆ 1) individual2) contradictory3) destructive4) rational5) primitive6) synthetic7) distant8) pessimistic9) irreplaceable10) enormous Grammar in ContextpointB from following Study 1.the sentences Text andout the grammatical function of each of the presentparticiples used as an adverbial. ▆ Answers:1) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3) an adverbial of result4) an adverbial of result5) an adverbial of manner; accompanyingcircumstances6) an adverbial of result7) an adverbial of time2. Complete the followingsentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, using a present participle as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) killing thousands upon thousands of people2) raising the average yield by 15 percent3) trying to deduce its operating principle4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time6) leaving the project unfinished7) Turning to the right8) Not wanting to make the patient nervousClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen▆from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:(1) realm(2) elemental(3) obtain(4) stubbornly(5) transferred(6) transformed(7) subdued(8) expansion(9) irreplaceable(10) extinct(11) dynamic(12) verge(13) moderate(14) ecological(15) rationalTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English,usingthe words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for Reference:1) The village is so close to the border that the villagerslived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed intoan advanced industrial power.3) Seeing the projectsuccessfully completed, those whohad invested so much time and energy in it felt veryproud.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitablethat the US dollar will be further devalued.5) There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roadsin this area are barely adequate to cope with the presenttraffic.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so thegovernment called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years afterthe traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothingshort of a miracle.8) The students were all very much concerned about theWorld Cup, spending at least two hours every daywatching the live matches on TV.9) Thomas said that his family had settled in Floridamore than half a century ago.10) Ask for help. Don't tough it out yourself. I learnedthis lesson early in my life.2. Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference: Human beings live in the realm of nature. Theyare not only dwellers in nature, but also transformersof it. With the development of society and its economy,people tend to become less dependent on naturedirectly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature byties. No one can live outside nature. However, blood”“andbetween man previous dynamic balance theProblems breaking down. shown signs of nature hassuch as the population explosion, ecological imbalancebecome have of natural resources and the shortagebeing from keeping human society major factorsfurther developed.for choice the only Professor Spirkin holds thatproduction organization wise of human beings is theand care for Mother Nature. Theme-Related Writing▆Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic“My Understanding of Environmental Protection”. Your writing should cover thefollowing points:1) the relationship between man and theenvironment2) the urgency of environmental protection3) ways to protect the environment ▆Sample essayMy Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related.Man relies on the environment for water, food andshelter. A harmoniousrelationship between man andthe environment is essential for human survival on theearth.However, man and the environment have neverbeen on such bad terms as they are now. As societydevelops, man's transformation of nature has severelypolluted his living environment. Deforestation leads tochanges in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemicalpollutants endangers our health and the lives of otherbeings. And mass production has resulted in theshortage of irreplaceable natural resources such ascoal and oil. If we take no immediate and effectivesteps to protect our environment, human beings maybe the next species to becomeextinct.We should do our best to protect our environmentby planting more trees, taking care of wildlife,reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy,and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.(167 words)。
新世纪大学英语4课后答案
新世纪大学英语4课后答案【篇一：新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后答案unit 6】ess (i) working with words and expressions1. (1) commonplace (2) enduring (3) dim (4) command(5) imperfection (6) insensitive (7)abandon (8) finite(9) mean(10)weaving (11) additional(12) aspirations(13)gratitude (14)endless (15) faithful (16)committed2. (1)live on (2)dawned upon(3) live by (4) is invested with (5) hold fast to(6) all to(7) step aside (8) set out (9) to and fro (10) work at(ii) increasing your word power1.(1) take effective measures (2) anew kind of explosive(3) the only alternative(4) defensive weapons (5) an impressive speech(6) a comparative study of chinese and western cultures(7) take the imitative to donate blood (8) a creative musician (9) a distant relative(10) a constructive proposal3. (1) provide care （for）;receive care; take care; take careof(2) give sb. a chance; have a/ the chance; stand a chance （of）（3）show concern for; express concern about; voice one’s concern(4) agree to one’s demand; give in to one’s demand; give up a demand; makedemands on; meet a demand; satisfy a demand(5) accumulate experiences; acquire an experience; gain experience; learnfrom experience(6) be filled with fear; be seized with fear; express fear; live in fear (of); forfear of ; for fear that(clause)(7) accept gift; exchange gifts with; give a gift; present sb. with a gift; receivea gift(8) arouse hope; boost one’s hope; bring/give hope to sb.; fulfill a/ the hope;lose hope; raise one’s hope（9）build up one’s strength; develop/ find /gain/gather/save one’s strength(10) carry out a test; conduct a test; do /give a test; put sb. through a test; run atestgrammar1 （1）to (2) for (3) for (4) to(5)in（6）with（7）between （8）to（9）of （10）for（11）of （12）for 2(1) emma is an expert in/ on organic farming. (2) there is a greater demand for cars these days.(3) the computer has had a great impact on our modern life. (4) hey has a talent for making people laugh.(5) many people in this country are demanding a reduction in taxes.(6) i really have confidence in my best friend, and i can turn to for help when in anemergency.(iii) cloze(1) with (2)sense (3)faithful (4) commit (5) aspirations (6) gratitude(7) dawns (8)accumulated (9) nourishment(10) preoccupied (11) flowers(12) tendered(13) weave(14) elevate(iv) translation 1. sentence translation(1) the ambassador to the u.n. was invested with full authority to deal with all the foreign affairs concerning his country on behalf of his government.(2) all the way on the train i had been preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the conductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination(3) alth ough her husband’s name did not appear on the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident, she kept walking to and fro, anxious to see him back home sooner.(4) i was setting out to translate the contract into english when it dawned upon me tat both parties involved were chinese companies.(5) at the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troublesin their lives.(6) with the great aspirations to become an astronaut, jackson committed himself to the 2-year strenuous constitution training.(7) his paintings, drawing on timeless fairy stories, exemplified the european’s taste of that period.(8) the bus driver didn’t want to take any responsibility for the accident and so he took every means to put the blame on the passengers on board.(9) he not only risked his own life to save the old man from the burning house but made some room in his own house for him to settle down.(10) from childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct.2. paragraph translationwhat is truth? truth is the correct reflection of people’s knowledge about the objective world and its laws. truth makes people full of hope and life full of brilliance and glory. therefore, many people regard the pursuit of truth as the ultimate goal of their lives to the truth and make understanding contributionsto mankind.truth is both absolute and relative. we say that truth is absolute because truth can objectively reflect the essential of things. however, any truth is but people’s correct understanding of the development of things at a certain stage. therefore, truth is relative and develops constantly.sometimes, the brilliance of truth may dim but it will never die out. for some people, truth may seem beyond their reach. in fact, it is as long as we keep pursuing it heart and soul.【篇二：新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程2 1-4单元课后题答案】iving in harmonyenhance your language awarenesswords in action▆ working with words and expressions1. in the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. complete the followingsentences with them. change the form where necessary.▆ answers:bunch2) amazed3) shift4) bundle5) drop6) capacity7) participating8) style9) commerce10) rob11) symbol12) appreciated13) displayed14) slip15) conquer16) roast17) figured 1)2. in the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. do you understand theirmeanings? do you know how to use them in the proper context? now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. change the form where necessary.▆ answers:in rich contrast to2) are exposed to3) risked his life4) rely on5) at knife-point6) stands out7) runs contrary to8) flag down9) picks/picked up10) took a gamble on11) pulled away12) pulled over 1)▆ increasing your word power1. collocationslook at the adverbs listed in the box below, and decide which adverb is needed to collocate with the verb in each sentence. fill the correct adverb into the blank in the sentence. the same word may be used in more than one sentence. consult a dictionary if necessary.▆ answers:1) out2) over3) back4) down5) over6) up7) out8) back9) down10) out11) up12) over13) back14) out15) down16) over2. study the different meanings of the word “than” in the following sentences.▆ answers for reference:1) action speaks louder than words.2)3)4)5) production here needs temperatures lower than 25 degrees celsius. i like to keep things rather than throw them away. there is nobody here other than me. she?d rather leave her job than (be forced to) work for that boss.3. word buildingnow choose the chinese meaning from column b that matches each italicized word in column a. you may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆ answers:1) d.2) k3) n4) j5) a6) g7) f8) b9) o10) m11) p12) e13) c14) h15) i16) lgrammar in context1. the –ing form and the infinitive form of the verbtask: choose either the infinitive form or the –ing form of the verb in the brackets to complete each of the following sentences.▆ answers:1) preparing2) to thank3) repairing / to be repaired4) to get5) studying6) being treated7) missing8) to reduce9) to leave10) worrying2. the –ed form and the –ing form of the verbce.task：complete the following sentences by translating the chinese in the brackets into english, payingattention to the use of the -ing form and the -ed form of verbs.▆ answers:1) kept nodding, rather confused2) fallen leaves3) surprised, hiding4) deeply moved5) following6) being, interested7) located8) readingcloze▆ complete the following passage with words chosen from text a. the initial letter of each is given.▆ answers:1) relying2) intrigued3) penny4) for5) covered6) treated7) amazed8) contrary9) generally10) whatever11) invited12) attentive13) wheretranslation▆ translate the following sentences into english, using the words given in brackets.▆ answers for reference:1) the rumor about his divorce is just a ploy to gain publicity for his new film.2) he took a gamble on starting a factory with all the money his parents had left him.3) after winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph.4) in the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures.5) in the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble.6) the baby is the very picture of health.7) people have realized the dangers of exposing children to violence and sex on tv.8) we always had in mind for whom we were making the film.theme-related writing▆ choose one of the following writing tasks and complete it after class.1) write an essay (of about 250 words) about a memorable experience in which you helped a stranger or were helped by him or her.2) write an essay (of about 150 words) about human relationships in our society. the following hints might serve as a guide:a. the problems existing in the relationships between people in our society.b. the negative results such problems may bring about to our society.c. what can you do to help establish a harmonious society as a student?▆sample essay for task 1:one weekend morning, while walking on a bustling street with a light heart, i was suddenly overtaken by a startling moan. turning around, i discovered the sound was coming from a black mass in a corner. “what?s that?” my heart pounded heavily. i went up and saw a human being, alive but in a dreadful state. he was crouching on the ground with deformed hands and legs, mumbling something. he had obviously lost the normal ability to move and work. a dirty plate was placed in front the miserable-looking man, in which there were some coins and small notes.as my eyes were drifting away from him, his eyes caught mine suddenly. what eyes they were! filled with misery and expectation, they were looking straight at me. he was unable to speak, but i seemed to hear his pleading voice and read his despairing mind. his look seemed to be telling me about his hard life and his longing for help. for a while, i was at a loss what to do. should i drop some coins in the plate like some other passers-by or turn away in indifference? i recalled news reports about men pretending to be beggars, who were actually healthy and able to work. could this be another one of those scams? but the beggar was there, groaning and living. then something seemed to hit me hard. i drew a five-yuan notefrom my pocket, dropped it in his dirty plate and walked away quickly in silence.“no good deed is too small.” maybe we need to bear thissaying in mind.▆sample essay for task 2:we are living in a world of distrust. we live behind coldsecurity bars; we do not talk to strangers, let alone go out ofour way to help them; we live in fear of fake products. in short, fear and feelings of insecurity fill the environment we live in.all this greatly harms our society. growing up in such an environment, we tend to feel isolated and care only about ourselves. if things go on like this, ?trust?, ?teamwork?,and ?harmony? will eventually become terms unheard of.in my opinion, trusting others and being trustworthy are thetwo basic principles that we should follow if we want toimprove human relationships. we may not be in a position to change others, but we can change the way others see us by winning their trust in us. mutual understanding and love arethe pillars that support a harmonious【篇三：新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程4答案unit4】nce your language awareness words in action▇ working with words and expressions1 in the boxes below are some of the words you have learnedin this unit. complete the following sentences with them.change the form where necessary. ■answers: 1) mass 2) gambled 3) voluntary 4) hunted 5) classified 6) abolished 7) division 8) senseless 9) fashions 10) coordination 11) declarations 12) committed 13) necessity 14) moderately 15) slightest16) considerable 17) evaluate 18) derived2 in the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. complete the sentences with them. change the form where necessary. ■answers:1) stands/stood a chance 2) ruled out 3) consist /consists of 4) gone through 5) in the strict sense 6) at a guess 7) earns a living 8) coincide with 9) gone in for 10) got their teeth into▆ increasing your word power 1 word buildingdid you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary” and “satisfactory” in texts a and b? the suffix -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to form an adjective. now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into chinese.▆1) imaginary 2) congratulatory 3) migratory 4) documentary 5) legendary 6) introductory 7) contradictory 8) explanatory2 study the following usage notes and then complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from the box. ▆ answers for reference: 1) vocation2) posts3) trade 4) job5) work6) profession 7) career8) position3 underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to the use of prepositions. write down your corrections in the space provided. if there is no mistake, write “no mistake”. ▇ answers:1) ( of will.2) ( against black people.3) (for 4) (with) the deceased musician was buried in his home village in5) (over) the mayor (市长stone of the new museum.6) (of always pretend otherwise.7) (in ) the old man’s will was signed witnesses—his younger sister and one of his favourite students.8) ( no mistake ) when britain declared war on germany, jack’s grandpa joinedthe army and his grandma was frightened for his safety all the time.9) (of) the marketing strategy that i designed proved successful and my10) (no mistake ) the new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it is difficultof access for wheel-chair users.11) (for to know that his passport had been revoked (吊销) by the us government.12) (of “popular” writers, whom he describes as talentless and worthless.grammar in context1 turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences. ▇ answers for reference:1) i don’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you. 2) she’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to new york. 3) the prospect of professor smith’s coming to see us cheered us all. 4) jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.2 replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase. ▇ answers for reference:1) he was afraid of falling behind the others.2) we wer e all amused at hey’s running after the dog in his slippers. 3) have they informed you of the change in the plan?4) we’re grateful to you for having given us so much help. 5) we assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.clozecomplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. the initial letter of each is given. ▇ answers: (1) enjoy (2) physical (3) compelled (4) necessity (5) support (6) mental (7) idealize (8) status (9) values (10) classified (11) essential (12) mind (13) attitude (14) fortunatetranslation1 translate the following sentences into english, using the words or expressions given in brackets.▇ answers for reference:1) as more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as general manager/ resign from the postof general manager) of the company. 2) she is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) i bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan. 4) to bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships. 5) the police have ruledout murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) the municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) i did not go in for the campus tennis championships held last month because of my injured leg.8）if you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming chairman of the students union.9) not all the books he wrote were as successful as this oneso i recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.10) at the 2004 athens olympic games liu xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an american athlete.2 translate the following passage into english. ▇ answers for reference:some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. they never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. in fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.to do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work.in addition, he should have initiative and creativity. having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.in addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. if he can do so, he will find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.theme-related writingwrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “my career choice”. your writing should cover the following points: 1) the kind of job you prefer to do2) factors you consider when choosing the job 3) conclusion ▆ sample essay:my career choicewhen it comes to the choice of career, different people consider the matter from different perspectives. personally i prefer to be a teacher.i have three reasons for my decision. the first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, i think i am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring success in teaching. the second reason is that i am interested in the job. it would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. the third reason is related to my occupational attitude. i always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. i have always held my teachers in respect and i hope i would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.i think teaching is an ideal career for me. being a university student now, i will work hard to realize my dream.(198 words)。
新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程第4册Unit7
Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Seven: Reading and ReflectionPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1Why do you think we need to read2What do you prefer to read — poems, novels or plays3What role do you think literary works play in our lives▆ Answers for reference:1Hints:Reading broadens our horizons.Reading enriches our knowledge.Reading puts us in contact with the best minds of human history.Reading enriches our experience.Reading empowers us with knowledge.Reading improves our character and taste.Reading is a good pastime.2Some hints:a)Different people read literature for different reasons and purposes because of theirdifferent backgrounds, tastes, experiences and educational background.b)Those who prefer reading novels may think novels are more interesting and easier toread probably because novels usually have plots. They can take readers to other places and times, real or imaginary, allowing them to meet people and experience life in many different ways. A good novel makes readers think, laugh, cry or wonder.3Reference:Literary works play an important role in our life. They can broaden our horizons. Theyhelp us experience a kind of life which we cannot have in real life. They help us see the thingswhich we tend to ignore in our daily life. They can also help us escape from reality.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about reading and reflection and discuss in pairs what you canlearn from them.Francis Bacon⊙Some books are to be tasted; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested.— Francis BaconInterpretation:There are different ways of reading books. To taste a book, one can read it in a state ofrelaxation. To swallow a book one can glide his eyes across the lines of a book. To chew ordigest a book one should read it actively. And when he has finished reading a book, the pagesare filled with his notes. Only when good books are chewed and digested can they have a lastinginfluence on one’s life.About Francis Bacon (1561-1626): an English politician, philosopher, and writer. Francis Bacongraduated from Trinity College, Cambridge. He was the founder of English materialist philosophy,as well as of modern science in England. He is especially famous for his Essays, in which hispractical wisdom is shown through his reflections and comments on rather abstract subjects.Benjamin Franklin◎Reading makes a full man, meditation a profound man, discourse a clear man.— Benjamin FranklinInterpretation:Reading broadens our horizons, molds our temperament and enlightens our minds. Reading providesus with the possibility of opening ourselves up to the world, which helps us to become learnedand knowledgeable persons. Thinking deeply helps us gain an insight into human life. Havingscholarly conversations with others helps us become wiser.About Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790): a US politician, writer, and scientist. He was involvedin writing two historically significant documents, the Declaration of Independence (《独立宣言》) and the Constitution of the United States (《美国宪法》). He is famous for provingthat lightning is a form of electricity by doing a scientific test in which he flew a kiteduring a storm, and he invented the lightning conductor. He is also well known for his literaryworks such as Poor Richard’s Almanac (《穷理查德年鉴》1732-1757；亦译作《格言历书》、《穷理查历书》) and Autobiography (《自传》1790).Denis Parsons Burkitt◎It is better to read a little and ponder a lot than to read a lot and ponder a little.— Denis Parsons BurkittInterpretation:What really counts is not how many books we have read but whether we spend time thinking overwhat we have read. So we should read selectively and reflectively.About Denis Parsons Burkitt (1911–1993): an accomplished British surgeon. His majorcontribution to medical science was the description, distribution, and ultimately, theetiology (病因学；病源论) of a pediatric (小儿科的) cancer that bears his name Burkitt’slymphoma (伯基特氏淋巴瘤).Louisa May Alcott◎Good books, like good friends, are few and chosen; the more select, the more enjoyable.— Louisa May AlcottInterpretation:Books and friends should be few but good. We should be highly selective in reading books, and our greatest pleasure in reading comes from the best books.About Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888): an American novelist best known as author of the novel Little Women (《小妇人》）.Section C Watching and Discussion▇Watch the following video clip “Reading Really Matters” and do the tasks that follow. Introduction of the video:Dana Gioia, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, is talking about arts education.First he mentions a problem in the United States: People are reading less and employers are facing a serious problem that their new employees can’t read and can’t write.According to Dana Gioia, those people who read do exercise more and do more volunteering charity work.Then he comes to talk about how reading actually matters to a person.1 Now fill in the note form according to what you hear.Topic: Reading Awakens Something inside the Reader1) reading increases your sense of your own personal destiny.2) reading makes the lives of other people more real to you.In summary, reading makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated as your own.Reading builds a society with not only imaginative capability, intellectual capability, but compassion, and humanity.2Discuss the following questions.Do you agree that Chinese people are reading lessDo you think modern technology has influenced the way people readOpen.▇Script：Americans are reading less. Because they read less, they read less well. Because they read less well, they do less well in the educational system. We are in the process in the United States of producing the first generation in our history that’s less well-educated than their parents. Now, I mean, to me, this is, you know a…an abandonment of the whole American misroutes of self improvement. Because they do less well in school, they do less well in the job market and economically. The number one problems for new employers in the United States: new employees can’t read, new employees can’t write. And in fact, for those people who can’t even read above the basic level, 55% of those people end up unemployed.And even on a further level, they overwhelmingly are like, you know, are more likely to end up in the criminal justice system. Only 3% of the people in U.S. prisons read at a proficiency level. Because they read less well, you know, because in a sense they don’t develop these things, they are also less likely to be engaged in personal positive behavior however you wanna measure it.We can measure it many different ways. You would not think it, but it is overwhelmingly demonstrable: that people that read exercise more; people that read join, play sports more. They belong to civic organizations more. They do volunteering charity work nearly 4 times the level of non-readers.Well, when I saw these data, I said, well, wait. We have to be measuring something else. W e’re measuring income, and we’re measuring education. If you take the poorest people in the United States who read, they do volunteering charity work at twice the level of people who don’t read. So what does it say to us It says something we know, each of us knows this: when you read, when you’re engaged in the art s, it awakens something inside of you. That does two things: the first is that it increases your sense of your own personal destiny. But, secondly, it makes the lives of other people more real to you. It creates a heightened sense of yourself as an individ ual, but it also brings you, maybe, especially when you’re reading novels or imagining the literature in which you follow the stories, the lives of the people in the dailiness of their existence, socially, economically. Maybe understanding, a man understandinghow a woman thinks, and a man understanding how a man thinks, a person understanding how somebody from a different country, from a different race thinks and feels. This imaginative exercises, this meditative exercise, makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated as your own. And so, if you have a society, in which tens of millions of people guided by pleasure no less, undertake these types of contemplations and meditations, you havea society which builds… not only it’s imaginative capability, it’s intellectual capability,b ut it’s compassion, and it’s humanity.Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word BankSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1What does the speaker mean by efficient reading or reading efficientlyA)Reading a book for pleasure.B)Writing between lines while reading.C)Remembering the author’s thoughts.D)Scanning a book for facts.2What is the advantage of marking up a book according to the speakerA)Marking up a book helps readers take in the brilliant ideas in the book.B)Marking up a book enables readers to know what they read.C)Marking up a book makes readers feel like the owner of the book.D)Marking up a book makes readers conscious of the fact that they are reading actively.3What is the true sense of owning a bookA)Marking it through active reading.B)Purchasing it with one’s own money.C)Writing one’s name on it.D)Understanding every word in it.4How do people read books for pleasureA)They read them consciously.B)They read them in a state of relaxation.C)They read them passively.D)They read them actively.5How do people know they have read actively when they finish reading a bookA)They establish a relationship with the author.B)They gain possession of the book.C)The pages are full of their notes.D)Their spoken language has been improved.▇Key:1) B 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) CSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading it First, it keeps you 1) ________. And I don’t mean merely 2) ________; I mean wide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is 3) ________, is thinking, and thinking tends to 4) ________ itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the5) ________ you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading is to 6) ________ anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an 7) ________ of what you have read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of 8) ________ and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that 9) ________ and tries to answer fundamental questions, 10) ________ the most active reading. When you’ve finished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.▇Answers:1)awake 2) conscious 3) active 4) express 5) thoughts6) accomplish 7) understanding 8) relaxation 9) raises 10) demands▇ Script:Reading EfficientlyYou know you have to read “between the line s” to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading, that is: “write between the lines”. Unless you do, you are not likely to do the mo st efficient kind of reading.I contend that marking up a book is an act of love.There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.Why is mar king up a book indispensable to reading First, it keeps you awake. And I don’t mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what youhave read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer fundamental questions, demands the most active reading. When you’ve finished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1What is the difference between the lives of those who read and those who do not2Can reading newspapers be categorized as reading Why or why not3What is the art of reading according to the author4What does the author think of “the taste for reading”5Can people benefit from reading the same books at different ages Why or why not▇ Answers for reference:1According to the author, those who do not read are just like prisoners confined to their immediate world in respect to time and space. Their life falls into a set of routines and they see only what happens in their immediate neighbourhood with few friends and acquaintances to communicate with. In contrast, those who read have the privilege to escape temporarily from the present world and enter a different country or a different age as soon as they pick up a book. Good books put them in touch with the best minds in history and they are always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Books broaden their horizons and their life is never a set of dull routines.2According to the author, reading newspapers does not belong to the category of reading because the average reader of a newspaper is mainly concerned with getting reports about events and happenings without contemplative value. The best reading does not merely offera report of events, but is able to lead readers into a contemplative mood.3According to the author, only reading with the object of enriching one’s charm and flavorcan be called an art. The charm here is not related to one’s physical appearance, but one’s inner aura of elegance which can only be acquired through reading. And flavor here refers to the flavor in speech, and its cultivation entirely depends on one’s way of reading.4The author thinks that taste is the key to all reading and is individual and selective.Each person has his own taste in the kinds of books he enjoys reading. Forcing one to read books that he dislikes will achieve no positive results.5Yes. People can benefit from reading the same book at different ages and get different flavors out of it. According to the author, people at different ages should read different kinds of books and good books can be read more than once at different ages.Exercise 2 Text A can be divided into four parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.▇ Answers for reference:Section B In-depth StudyIn the following text, Lin Yutang, the Chinese writer, translator, linguist and inventor, shares with us his insight into reading as an art. He not only addresses such questions as why to read, what to read, and when to read, but also convinces us of the beauty and benefits of reading as an art.The Art of ReadingLin Yutang1 Reading or the enjoyment of books has always been regarded among the charms of a cultured life and is respected and envied by those who rarely give themselves that privilege. This is easy to understand when we compare the difference between the life of a man who does no reading and that of a man who does.2 The man who has not the habit of reading is imprisoned in his immediate world, in respect to time and space. His life falls into a set routine; he is limited to contact and conversation with a few friends and acquaintances, and he sees only what happens in his immediate neighborhood. From this prison there is no escape. But the moment he takes up a book, he immediately enters a different world, and if it is a good book, he is immediately put in touch with one of the best talkers of the world. This talker leads him on and carries him into a different country or a different age, or unburdens to him some of his personal regrets, or discusses with him some special line or aspect of life that the reader knows nothing about. An ancient author puts him in communion with a dead spirit of long ago, and as he reads along, he begins to imagine what that ancient author looked like and what type of person he was. Both Mencius and Ssema Ch’ien have expressed the same idea. Now to be able to live two hours out of twelve in a different world and take one’s thoughts off the claims of the immediate present is, of course, a privilege to be envied by people shut up in their bodily prison.3 Such a change of environment is really similar to travel in its psychological effect. But there is more to it than this. The reader is always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Even if it is a book about physical events, there is a difference between seeing such events in person or living through them, and reading about them in books, for then the events always assume the quality of a spectacle and the reader becomes a detached spectator. The best reading is therefore that which leads us into this contemplative mood, and not that which is merely occupied with the report of events. The tremendous amount of time spent on newspapers I regard as not reading at all, for the average readers of papers are mainly concerned with getting reports about events and happenings without contemplative value.4 The best formula for the object of reading, in my opinion, was stated by Huang Shanku, a Sung poet. He said, “A scholar who hasn’t read anything for three days feels that his talk has no flavor, and his own face becomes hateful to look at.” What he means, of cou rse, is that reading gives a man a certain charm and flavor, which is the entire object of reading, and only reading with this object can be called an art. One doesn’t read to “improve one’s mind,” because when one begins to think of improving his mind, al l the pleasure of readingis gone. He is the type of person who says to himself: “I must read Shakespeare, and I must read Sophocles, and I must read the entire Five Foot Shelf of Dr. Eliot, so I can become an educated man.” I’m sure that man will never be come educated. He will force himself one evening to read Shakespeare’s Hamlet and come away, as if from a bad dream, with no greater benefit than that he is able to say that he has “read” Hamlet. Anyone who reads a book with a sense of obligation does not understand the art of reading.5 Reading for the cultivation of personal charm of appearance and flavor in speech is then, according to Huang, the only admissible kind of reading. This charm of appearance must evidently be interpreted as something other t han physical beauty. What Huang means by “hateful to look at” is not physical ugliness. As for flavor of speech, it all depends on one’s way of reading. Whether one has “flavor” or not in his talk, depends on his method of reading. If a reader gets the flavor of books, he will show that flavor in his conversations, and if he has flavor in his conversations, he cannot help also having a flavor in his writing.6 Hence I consider flavor or taste as the key to all reading. It necessarily follows that taste is selective and individual, like the taste for food. The most hygienic way of eating is, after all, eating what one likes, for then one is sure of his digestion. In reading as in eating, what is one man’s meat may be another’s poison. A teacher cannot force his pupils to like what he likes in reading, and a parent cannot expect his children to have the same tastes as himself. And if the reader has no taste for what he reads, all the time is wasted.7 There can be, therefore, no books that one absolutely must read. For our intellectual interests grow like a tree or flow like a river. So long as there is proper sap, the tree will grow anyhow, and so long as there is fresh current from the spring, the water will flow. When water strikes a cliff, it just goes around it; when it finds itself in a pleasant low valley, it stops and meanders there a while; when it finds itself in a deep mountain pond, it is content to stay there; when it finds itself traveling over rapids, it hurries forward. Thus, without any effort or determined aim, it is sure of reaching the sea some day. There are no books in this world that everybody must read, but only books that a person must read at a certain time in a given place under given circumstances and at a given period of his life. I rather thinkthat reading, like matrimony, is determined by fate or yinyuan. Even if there is a certain book that every one must read, there is a time for it. When one’s thoughts and experience have not reached a certain point for reading a masterpiece, the masterpiece will leave only a bad flavor on his palate. Confucius said, “When one is fifty, one may read the Book of Changes,” which means that one should not read it at forty-five. The extremely mild flavor of Confucius’ own sayings in The Analects and his mature wisdom cannot be appreciated until one becomes mature himself.8 Furthermore, the same reader reading the same book at different periods gets a different flavor out of it. For instance, we enjoy a book more after we have had a personal talk with the author himself, or even after having seen a picture of his face, and one gets again a different flavor sometimes after one has broken off friendship with the author. A person gets a kind of flavor from reading the Book of Changes at forty, and gets another kind of flavor reading it at fifty, after he has seen more changes in life. Therefore, all good books can be read with profit and renewed pleasure a second time.9 Reading, therefore, is an act consisting of two sides, the author and the reader. The net gain comes as much from the reader’s contribution through his own insight and experience as from the author’s own. I regard the discovery of one’s favorite author as the most critical event in one’s intellectual development. There is such a thing as the affinity of spirits, and among the authors of ancient and modern times, one must try to find an author whose spirit is akin with his own. Only in this way can one get any real good out of reading.▇课文参考译文读书的艺术林语堂1 读书或书籍的享受素来被视为有修养的生活上的一种雅事，而在一些不大有机会享受这种权利的人们看来，这是一种值得尊重和妒忌的事。
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新世纪大学英语综合教程4(第二版) 第四章答案Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action▇ Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers: 1) mass 2) gambled 3) voluntary 4) hunted 5) classified 6) abolished 7) division 8) senseless 9) fashions 10) coordination 11) declarations 12) mitted 13) necessity 14) moderately 15) slightest16) considerable 17) evaluate 18) derived2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers:1) stands/stood a chance 2) ruled out 3) consist /consists of 4) gone through 5) in the strict sense 6) At a guess 7) earnsa living 8) coincide with 9) gone in for 10) got their teeth into▆ Increasing Your Word Power 1 Word BuildingDid you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary” and “satisfactory” in Texts A and B? The suffix -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to form an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese.▆1) imaginary 2) congratulatory 3) Migratory 4) documentary 5) legendary 6) introductory 7) contradictory 8) explanatory2 Study the following usage notes and then plete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from the box. ▆Answers for reference: 1) vocation2) posts3) trade 4) job5) work6) profession 7) career8) position3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to the use of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there is no mistake, write “No Mistake”. ▇ Answers:1) ( of will.2) ( against black people.3) (for 4) (with) The deceased musician was buried in his home village in5) (over) The mayor (市长stone of the new museum.6) (of always pretend otherwise.7) (in ) The old man’s will was signed witnesses—his younger sister and one of his favourite students.8) ( No Mistake ) When Britain declared war on Germany, Jack’s grandpa joinedthe army and his grandma was frightened for his safety all the time.9) (of) The marketing strategy that I designed proved suessful and my10) (No Mistake ) The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it is difficultof aess for wheel-chair users.11) (for to know that his passport had been revoked (吊销) by the US government.12) (of “popular” writers, whom he describes as talentless and worthless.Grammar in Context1 Turn the following plex sentences into simple sentences. ▇ Answers for reference:1) I don’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you. 2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York. 3) The prospect of Professor Smith’s ing to see us cheered us all. 4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.2 Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase. ▇ Answers for reference:1) He was afraid of falling behind the others.2) We were all amused at Hey’s running after the dog in his slippers. 3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given. ▇ Answers: (1) enjoy (2) physical (3) pelled (4) necessity (5) support (6) mental (7) idealize (8) status (9) values (10) classified (11) essential(12) mind (13) attitude (14) fortunateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in brackets.▇ Answers for reference:1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was pelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as general manager/ resign from thepost of general manager) of the pany. 2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan. 4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships. 5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.8）If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and being Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as suessful as this one so I remend that you borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the xx Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.2 Translate the following passage into English. ▇ Answers for reference:Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and e off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorousenthusiasm. If he can do so, he will find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.THEME-RELATED WRITINGWrite a position of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Career Choice”. Your writing should cover the following points: 1) the kind of job you prefer to do2) factors you consider when choosing the job 3) conclusion ▆ Sample Essay:My Career ChoiceWhen it es to the choice of career, different people consider the matter from different perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher.I have three reasons for my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with mypersonality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to municate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring suess in teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my oupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.(198 words)人在自然界亚历山大·斯伯金1人类生活在大自然的王国里。