Powder and waterborne coatings 2000–2010
耐高温可焊车间底漆
耐高温可焊车间底漆张双喜【摘要】Energy saving, cost reduction, environmental protection and safety are the important problems for shipbuilding and paint industry. A new weldable and heat resistant shop primer was developed. Through the comparison with conventional shop primer, test this new shop primer showed an excellent heat resistance (up to 1 200 ℃) , less burnt extention and u-nique welding performance which could reduce the re - rust - removing workload and the manufacture. This new shop primer was comparatively simple and convenient to apply and environmentally friendly, as well as harmless to the operator. It will bring a prospective market and vast economic and social efficiency.%节能降本、绿色环保和健康安全是造船业、涂料业面临的大问题.本研究阐述了新一代耐高温可焊性车间底漆的制备过程,并且与传统型、第一代车间底漆之间进行了系统的比较,发现其耐高温,烧延面积小,焊接性能好,大大减少了二次除锈重涂的工作量,在很大程度上降低了制造成本；新一代耐高温车间底漆施工操作简单、方便、环保,并且采用醇类溶剂作为稀释剂,对操作工人身体无毒害,具有广阔的市场前景和很高的经济效益及社会效益.【期刊名称】《涂料工业》【年(卷),期】2013(043)004【总页数】4页(P66-69)【关键词】车间底漆;焊接性;切割性;耐腐蚀性;耐热性;再涂性【作者】张双喜【作者单位】上海胜星树脂涂料有限公司,上海201405【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ635.9现代船舶由大型钢板焊接而成。
细滑石粉的分散及其在水性涂料中的应用
细滑石粉的分散及其在水性涂料中的应用胡庆荣【摘要】利用沉降试验测定了不同类型的高分子分散剂在水性介质中分散细滑石粉的分散效果,待细滑石粉分散稳定后,将其悬浮液置于苯丙乳液中,二者融合形成了水性涂料.结果表明:分散剂FSJ-502的分散效果最好;细滑石粉加入后涂层的干性、回黏性、硬度和耐蚀性均有所提高.【期刊名称】《化工设计通讯》【年(卷),期】2017(043)009【总页数】2页(P51-52)【关键词】细滑石粉;水性涂料;分散试验【作者】胡庆荣【作者单位】大庆油田庆升实业公司,黑龙江大庆 163416【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ630.4Abstract：the use of different types of polymer dispersant dispersed fine talc in aqueous medium were determined by sedimentation test，and the dispersion stability of fine powder suspension was added into emulsion paint made of water.The results show that the dispersing effect of dispersant FSJ-502 is the best.The addition of fine stone powder increases the drying，viscosity，hardness and corrosion resistance of the coating.Key words：fine stone powder；waterborne coatings；dispersion test随着经济和技术的进步，细滑石粉被广泛运用于各行各业中，例如涂料、化妆品、塑料及造纸等。
将细滑石粉运用到涂料过程中，能够达到涂料与墙面形成易刷、平整及光泽度好的效果，因此，使用了细滑石粉的涂料，具有良好的耐冲击性、柔韧性，并且其具有硬度高的特点。
高固体份涂料
窄分子量分布的丙烯酸树脂的合成
采用夺氢能力较弱的引发剂，如叔戊基过氧化合物；因为引 发剂夺氢能力越小，所得树脂的粘度越低 提高引发剂浓度。引发剂浓度可达4％或更高 较高合成反应温度（超过150℃） 采用链转移剂，如羟基硫醇链转移剂，不仅可以降低丙烯酸 树脂的分子量，还可以提供聚合物端羟基。这些方法都有利 于得到相对窄的分子量分布和低分子量。 新的聚合工艺用于生产低聚物，并不需要较高的引发剂浓度
多异氰酸酯和多元醇的粘度
产品 摩尔质量 粘度 cPs@25℃ 供货形式 中等固含 的多元醇 30000 2000 60%固含 高固含多 元醇 ＜10000 5000 80％固含 多元醇的粘度远高于多异氰酸酯。 实际上即使是低粘度的多元醇的 其粘度也是多异氰酸酯的数倍。 即使采用粘度仅仅为几厘泊的多 异氰酸酯，对降低涂料粘度的能 力也有限。然而为了满足降低 聚氨酯涂料中，多异氰酸酯占基料 中重量的20～30％，对涂料整体粘 度的影响较小 VOC的挑战，最简单的方法就是 制备更低粘度的固化剂。通过在 生产工艺过程中的改变，就能获 得更低粘度的三聚体和缩二脲。
热喷涂和超临界流体喷涂酸雨对汽车面漆层腐蚀作用的评价方法分散剂表面锚定基团对不同的颜料的锚定性能有机颜料naptholredperylenesquinacridone酞氰绿碳黑anthraquinonediaryides多胺多元醇聚氨酯氢键基团无机颜料eg氧化铁红titanates钛酸酯钛白粉胺羧酸基团磺酸基团磷酸基团离子或酸碱基团颜料类型基团类型锚固机理常用的两类超分散剂图3基于多锚定基团的超分散剂图3基于单锚定基团的超分散剂超分散剂的中聚合物链和锚定基团的链接形式锚定基团在聚合物的末端锚定基团在聚合物的两端bab型嵌段共聚物aba嵌段共聚物无序共聚物梳型共聚物高固体份涂料的活性稀释剂2050交联后低聚物的tg50050000粘度100cpsohnco氨基树脂cooh环氧基氨基树脂硅醇自缩合nh环氧nco官能团类型23官能团度400800窄分布分子量理想范围性能为了提高户外耐候性常加入硅氧烷作为反应性稀释剂可提高汽车清漆的耐酸雨性低分子量的丙烯酸多元醇分子量分布较窄其官能团度较低
水性涂料用流平剂
2 涂膜缺陷的成因
在涂料施工过程中常出现的涂膜缺陷有桔皮 、鱼 眼 、缩孔 、缩边 、贝纳德旋涡 、浮色 、发花等 。与其相关 的影响因素是表面张力 、底材粗糙度 、湿膜厚度 、施工 后涂料触变性 、涂膜的湿边时间和干燥时间等 。
水性涂料通常是非牛顿流体 ,有其特性粘度和触 变性 。由于在涂料施工过程中剪切力变化 ,涂装后涂 料的触变性是影响流平性的重要因素 。自干涂料在 涂装后即达到最低粘度 ,容易流平 ;烤漆在烘烤阶段 达到最低粘度 ,物理干燥过程的溶剂挥发 ,或化学干 燥过程中的交联都会引起粘度的增大 ,并且这种粘度 的增大会超过因温度升高而引起的粘度下降 。因此 ,
另外 ,温度 、浓度 、溶液挥发速度或涂料组分之间 的密度不同都可形成表面张力梯度 ,引起涂膜表面不 平整 。
通常 ,上述这些现象都可借助流平剂来解决 。
4 流平剂的作用
加入流平剂会影响涂膜的外观 、层间附着力和再
涂性 。常规的流平剂有丙烯酸共聚物 、有机硅和氟碳
表面活性剂三类 。以甲基丙烯酸酯作为单体的均聚
不过通常涂膜厚度不能超过涂料的由于底材的粗糙度湿膜厚度涂装后涂料的触变性和涂膜的湿边时间都由涂料体系施工方式和固化条件而定因此只有表面张力这一因素是可通过调整配方来改变的
·环境保护·
水性涂料用流平剂
G. Hobisch ,I. Kriessmann ,W. Staritzbichler (Solutia Austria GmbH) U. Kubillus (Solutia Chemicals ( Thailand) Ltd. )
收稿日期 2002 - 01 - 18 联系人地址 上海市西藏中路 18 号港陆广场 1806 室周小姐 联系电话 (021) 63867500 转 27
翻译14
对在南Cowden Unit所用CO2泡沫中的表面活性剂进行室内评估摘要：在南Cowden Unit岩心处进行了几项CO2泡沫实验以选择可适用的添加剂。
对四种添加剂(顶压液CD-1045、顶压液CD-1050、发泡剂NES-25和Rhodapex CD-128)的发泡能力进行了评估。
初步筛选后选择出的顶压液CD-1045和Rhodapex以待更进一步测试。
用共注法和表面活性剂与气体交替注入法(SAG)对这些表面活性剂在不同前缘速度条件下进行了测试；合成泡沫不但表明其选择性流动度降低(高渗透区的高阻力系数)，而且还展现出了其剪切稀释泥浆的特性。
当共注顶压液CD-1050时，在测试岩心上各四段岩心所产生的泡沫平均阻力系数高于使用Rhodapex。
后者中表面活性剂的特性试验结果表明，其特性优于使用SAG过程中所表现出的各种特性、并且因使用了它，Baker白云岩心还展现出了较低的吸附特性。
当在Rhodapex范围内仅靠试验数据难以选择顶压液CD-1045时，利用经济学和计算法可在诸多的表面活性剂中筛选出某一种可适用的产品。
使用含有250ppm作为牺牲剂的羟乙基纤维素的顶压液CD-1045所进行的二次吸附性测试表明，该种表面活性剂的吸附力未降低。
关键词：泡沫；表面活性剂；岩心；发泡实验；泥浆一、前言该项研究仅是S20MM项目中的一小部分。
该项目所需研究经费由美国南Cowden Unit能源部和所有者工作利益部提供。
为实施该类DOE项目方案，钻探了几口使用CO2水驱工艺驱油的几口油井。
但由于为提高CO2扫油效率而耗用的这项额外花费太高，促使这项研究必须筛选出四种表面活性剂以鉴别挑选出在使用CO2泡沫时所需用的最佳活性剂。
它们将用于对南Cowden Unit使用CO2水驱工艺时几口水平井的流动度控制。
四种表面活性剂，顶压液CD - 1045 、CD-1050(由Chaser International提供)、Rhodapex CD-128(由Rhone-Poulenc公司提供)和发泡剂NES-25(由Henkel公司提供)分别逐一被评估。
氯化橡胶云铁防锈漆
PracticalCoverage实际涂布率
Allow appropriate loss允许适量损耗
Application Details
施工详述
Mix Radio混合比
One pack单罐装
Method of Application施工方法
Airless Spray无空气喷涂Recommended推荐采用
该涂料为溶剂型涂料，为避免事故或危险发生，应采取最低限度的安全措施如下：
此涂料为易燃物,并含有挥发性易燃溶剂，故必须远离火星和明火。
严禁在作业场所吸烟，并应该采取有效措施，防止火星产生(如采用防爆电器设备，杜绝静电积累,避免金属撞击等)。
施工场所应尽量保持良好通风。为消除使用过程中的爆炸隐患,应保证足够的通风量以维持气体/空气比例不超过最低爆炸极限的10 %,通常每千克溶剂需要200立方米通风量,(与溶剂种类相关)就能维持最低爆炸极限10 %的工作环境。
不限
Storage and
Handling
贮存与管理
Storage贮存Store in cool and dry conditions贮存于阴凉干燥处
Pack size包装规格25Kg in 20 liter container 25公斤装于20公升容器中
Flash Point闪点≥31℃高于23℃
The product is a kind of solvent-based paint. In order to avoid the accident or dangerous occurrence, minimal safety precaution, as follow, should be down.
粉末涂料英语
The investigation of IR, DSC, GPC showed that water resistance, corrosion resistance, stockpiling property and mechanical strength of the lanthanide bakelite modified epoxy powder coating were improved apparently and showed the way was feasible.利用红外、DSC、GPC等测试方法，对粉末涂料进行研究，发现改性后粉末涂料体系耐水性及耐腐蚀性能明显提高，其贮存性能及力学强度也得到了明显改善，说明此方法可行。
收藏指正2.FC-1 CORROSION PROTECTIVE EPOXY POWDER COATINGFC-1防腐型环氧粉末涂料收藏指正3.Performance Research of White Pure Polyester Powder Coatings白色纯聚酯粉末涂料的性能研究收藏指正4.Study on High-adhesive Force Epoxy Powder Coating高附着力环氧粉末涂料的研究收藏指正5.Industrial clients specialized in production of paint and coating ,ink, building materials, adhesive and sealant ,plastics, pharmaceutical goods and pigments can all be benefited from the multinational suppliersnetwork of WWRC.生产油漆、粉末涂料、油墨、建筑材料，粘胶剂及密封剂、塑料、原料等行业的工业用家，均可透过环绮化工搜寻最合适的原料。
IOS-MAT-0066-10
Issued bySignatureAuthorised bySignature Replaces:Björn Johansson and Stellan GrönbergProduct Requirements & Compliance/Product Laws & StandardsPär Stenmark Manager Product Requirements & Compliance/IKEA of SwedenAA-163938-9Surface coatings and coverings – general requirementsContentsThis specification describes IKEA requirements on surface coatings and coverings, solvents and thinners used to treat surfaces before and after coating/covering the products as well as surface cleaning, metal surface treatment and stainless steel surfaces, in respect of chemical content, physical properties, visual qualities, and documentation. The specification is valid for application of surface coatings and coverings (see section 6 Definitions ) to all substrates except the following:•Coating on leather• Printing and coating on textiles• Non-film-forming printing on paper and cardboard other than foil/covering (whereas film-forming printing on paper is included in the IOS-MAT-0066; and printing/coating on foil covering is also included in IOS-MAT 0066, as part of the covering).• Coatings applied to paper during the production process of paper. This coating is considered as part of the paper and included within the scope of IOS-MAT-0010. • Ceramic glazes • Enamel on metal• Inorganic decorations which are fused into/onto glass, enamel, or ceramic glazes• Glue-based filler used for spot application (e.g. white glue with saw dust, or hotmelt glue) • Mirror paint that is in the scope of IOS-MAT-0088• Coatings on zip fasteners that are in the scope of IOS-PRG-0029 • Bed slats coated with glue in the scope of IOS-MAT-0109 • Labels that are in the scope of IOS-PRG-0019• Plastic film applied on paper (this is in the scope of IOS-MAT-0010)About this specificationThis specification addresses IKEA suppliers as well as their surface coating and coveringsuppliers. The purpose of this specification is to describe IKEA requirements concerning surface coatings and coverings in order to:• Minimise harmful effects to environment and health from IKEA articles.• Ensure compliance of IKEA articles with health and environment regulations in all IKEA markets.• Ensure the quality of surfaces on IKEA articles, such as surface resistance, surface appearance, correct colour and gloss, and good workmanship. This document is connected to IOS-TM-0002 Surface resistance – test methods.All references to standards and legislations shall be seen as referring to the latest updated version, unless otherwise stated.Implementation of changesChanges in this specification, version no AA-163938-10, shall be implemented in production at the latest from packaging date stamp 1619 (year 2016 week 19).Products having a packaging date stamp earlier than specified above shall be shipped to IKEA before shipping products compliant with this version of the specification.Signing of the self declaration by the coating/covering supplier means that all their materials delivered after signature date comply with all applicable requirements in IOS-MAT-0066 version 10 (AA-163938-10) – regardless of the specification’s latest implementation date for the IKEA supplier of the changed requirements.Renewal of verification documentationSigning of the self declaration by the coating/covering supplier means that all their materials delivered after signature date comply with all applicable requirements in IOS-MAT-0066 version 10 (AA-163938-10) – regardless of the specification’s latest implementation date stamp for the changed requirements in the IKEA sales article.Changes to regulations and lists referred to in this documentWhen new substances are added to lists of substances (in laws, in standards or by authorities), or classified according to classifications, which are referred to in this specification, the requirements for these substances shall be fulfilled within four months after the substance has been added to the cited list, unless otherwise specified by IKEA.Annual self declarations do not need extra renewal in case new substances are added to the lists of banned substances, unless otherwise stated.Table of contents1Chemical requirements (4)1.1Surface coatings and coverings – requirements for all substrates (4)1.1.1Additional requirements specifically for powder coatings – all substrates (10)1.1.2Additional requirements specifically for UV coatings – all substrates (11)1.2Additional requirements for surface coatings and coverings for solid wood, wood-based materials, and wood-like natural materials (12)1.2.1Additional requirements specifically for UV coatings (14)1.3Additional requirements for surface coatings and treatments for metal substrates (15)1.4Additional requirements for surface coatings for polymeric substrates (16)1.5Additional requirements for surface coatings for glass (16)2Physical properties (16)2.1Surface resistance (16)2.1.1Applicability of surface resistance requirements tables 2.1.A to 2.1.K (16)2.1.2Verifying tests of surface resistance (16)2.1.3Surface resistance requirements (17)2.1.4Scope of surface resistance tables regarding wood-like natural materials (21)2.2Surface coating/covering adhesion (21)2.3Coating blocking and stickiness (21)3Visual requirements (22)3.1Colours (22)3.1.1Colour samples (22)3.1.2Approval of colour and tolerances (22)3.2Gloss (23)3.3Surface appearance and defects in coating film/finish (23)3.4Fingerprints (23)3.5Textured paints (23)4Metal surfaces – coatings and stainless steel (24)4.1Service conditions (24)4.1.1Requirements (25)4.2Corrosion requirements and test methods (26)4.2.1Neutral salt spray test (26)4.2.2Acetic acid salt spray test (26)4.2.3Dip test (26)4.2.4Minimum thickness (28)4.2.5Stainless steel – grinding and polishing requirements (28)4.2.6Use of polishing and finishing compounds (28)4.3Corrosion and coating thickness test frequency (30)5Documentation (30)5.1Verifying tests (30)5.2Sample information (30)5.2.1Test to verify the chemical content (30)5.2.2Test to verify the physical properties (31)5.2.3Test to verify the corrosion on metal surfaces (31)5.3Requirements on test reports and self declarations (31)5.4Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and Technical Data Sheets (TDS) (31)5.5Self declarations (32)5.5.1Inorganic coatings (32)5.5.2Water-based degreasing, iron phosphating and electrolytic zinc plating (32)5.5.3UV coatings (32)5.5.4Solvents used for cleaning (32)5.6Documentation exception (32)5.7Certificate of Compliance of CPSA/CPSIA (33)5.8Warning limits (investigation limits) as a support for compliance (33)6Definitions (34)Appendix A: List of allowed biocides used as preservatives during storage (41)Appendix B: Test methods for surface resistance – deviations and comments (42)Appendix C: Surface coating/covering declaration of chemical substances by surface coating/covering supplier (43)Appendix D: Lead test requirement according to 16 CFR, Part 1303 (USA) (48)Appendix E: Polishing and finishing compounds for metal substrates declaration of chemical substances by polishing and finishing supplier (51)References (53)Summary of Changes in version 10 (55)1Chemical requirementsWhen choosing surface coating and covering materials, and production processes, the aim shall be to select an alternative which minimises any harmful effects to health and environment:•In the raw material•During the production process•During use of the article•When the article becomes wastePrior to packing, the finished surface shall be cured and well ventilated. Requirements on emissions and odour from the final product are stated in IOS-MAT-0010 Chemical compounds and substances.The IKEA supplier is responsible that only surface coating and covering components and systems, which are guaranteed by the coating/covering supplier to fulfil the requirements listed below on content of chemical substances, are used in the production of IKEA products.The IKEA supplier is also responsible to secure that there is no contamination of the surface coating/covering leading to non-compliance with the IKEA chemical requirements in this specification.Note: Solvent for cleaning/degreasing includes solvents used before and after the application ofa surface coating/covering, as well as on surfaces that are not coated/covered.1.1Surface coatings and coverings – requirements for all substrates Table 1.1 Surface coatings and coverings – general requirementsSurface coating/ covering Substance Requirements Test method MinimumDocumentRequirementLiquid coatings •Alkylphenolethoxylates(APEO)•Alkylphenols(AP)•AlkylphenolphosphitesNot allowed to be used.Contamination limit value: 0.10 % in theready-to-use mixture.Extraction(methanol +ammoniumacetate) +HPLC anddetection byMS DADSelfdeclaration(SD)Table 1.1 Surface coatings and coverings – general requirementsSurface coating/ covering Substance Requirements Test method MinimumDocumentRequirementLiquid coatings Biocides of allkindsAddition of biocides used as preservativesfor products during storage (=in-canpreservatives) is only allowed according tothe list of allowed biocides in Appendix A.The concentration of individual biocides, orof mixtures of biocides as parts of aweighted sum (see Appendix A forexplanation), shall not exceed the limits inAppendix A.Addition of biocides used for any otherpurpose is not allowed, unless otherwisestated in the product documentation(Biocides used as film and woodpreservatives are included in IOS-MAT-0098).Addition of biocides is also allowed afterpermission from IKEA. Permission is neededfor all biocides not listed in Appendix A. SeeTable C1 in Appendix C.Apart from the above, biocides used aspreservatives for products during storagebut not in Appendix A and coming fromcoating ingredients that are used at aconcentration of maximum2 % of the final coating component can beused, as long as they are not CMR and theirsum concentration is not above5 ppm (0.0005 %) in the final surfacecoating component.Screeningtest. Differentextraction andanalysismethodsdepending onwhich mate-rials and sub-stances to betested.SDTable 1.1 Surface coatings and coverings – general requirementsSurfacecoating/coveringSubstance Requirements Test method MinimumDocumentRequirement All types ofsurfacecoatings/coverings,thinners,and pre-treatmentCMRsubstancescategory 1Aand 1B andSubstances ofVery HighConcern(SVHC)CMR substances category 1A and 1B andSVHC are not allowed to be used.Contamination limit value: 0.10 %For coatings, this contamination limit valueis valid for each separate coatingcomponent.Some examples of CMR substances that arenot allowed:•N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)(CAS no: 872-50-4)•2-ethoxy-ethanol (ethyl glycol) (CASno: 110-80-5)•2-ethoxy ethylacetate (ethyl glycolacetate) (CAS no: 111-15-9)•Dimethylformamide (DMFA, DMFO)(CAS no: 68-12-2)•2-methoxy ethanol (Ethylene glycolmonomethyl ether, EGME) (CAS no:109-86-4)•2-methoxy ethylacetate (methyl glycolacetate EGMEA) (CAS no: 110-49-6)Note: The following CMR substances areallowed to be used in the followingprocesses:•Inorganic nickel compounds and boricacid/borates used in electrochemicalplating baths•Inorganic nickel compounds used whenanodizing•Inorganic cobalt compounds used inbath for post-treatment after electrolyticzinc plating•Formaldehyde – only according tosection 1.2, 1.3 and 1.5.Screeningtest. Differentextraction andanalysismethodsdepending onwhichmaterials andsubstances tobe tested.SDSurfacecoveringsElementalchlorinebleachingPulp that has been bleached with elementalchlorine is not allowed to be used in themanufacturing of supporting paper.-- SDAll types ofsurfacecoatings/covering,thinners,and pre-treatmentFragrances Fragrances, perfumes and masking agentsare not allowed to be used withoutapproval from IKEA.-- SDTable 1.1 Surface coatings and coverings – general requirementsSurface coating/ covering Substance Requirements Test method MinimumDocumentRequirementLiquid coatings, and coverings Organotin(tinorganic)compoundsNo kind of organotin compounds areallowed to be used.Contamination limit value for sum of allorganotin compounds:2.5 mg/kg dry surface material.The limit values refer to the alkyl/aryl tincation without the counter ion.Note: test requirement refers to organotinslisted in the definition of organotincompounds.Exception: In polyurethane coatings onglass, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL, CAS no:77-58-7) including monoalkyltin compoundsare allowed to be used as catalyst at amaximum concentration of 0.05% totalorganotin in the ready-to-use mixture.Extraction andGC-MSFor EDcoating: SDand Testreport (TR)For allothers: SDAll types of surface coatings/ coverings Phthalates The following phthalates are not allowed tobe used:•phthalates defined as CMR substancescat 1A or 1B•phthalates that are SVHC•phthalates listed on theState of California“Proposition 65” list•di-n-octyl phthalate, DNOP(CAS no. 117-84-0)Contamination limit value: 500mg/kg forsum of all phthalates. For coatings, thislimit is valid both in the solid content of theready-to-use mixture and in the dry surfacematerial.Note: For information purposes, IKEA willaim to keep an updated list on IKEASupplier Portal of phthalates that areclassified as CMR or SVHC by the EuropeanUnion or that are on the CalifornianProposition 65 list, and thus in the scope ofthis requirement.Extraction andGC-MSSDSurface coatings and coverings PVC (Polyvinylchloride)Not allowed to be used -- SDTable 1.1 Surface coatings and coverings – general requirementsSurface coating/ covering Substance Requirements Test method MinimumDocumentRequirementIsocyanate -containing liquid coatings TDI and HDImonomersMonomer levels of:•TDI (toluene diisocyanate, CAS no:26471-62-5)•HDI (hexamethylene diisocyanate,(CAS no: 822-06-0)In isocyanate-containing liquid coatings andhardeners (prepolymer solution) shall beless than 0.5 % by weight for the sum ofthese diisocyanates monomers in eachcoating component.In 1-component PU systems, the sum ofthese diisocyanates monomers shall be lessthan 0.25 % by weight in the ready-to-usemixture.LC-MS/MS SDOil Waste oil Not allowed to be used -- SD Heavy metal content in coatings and coveringsAll types of surface coatings/ coverings Cadmium (Cd)and itscompoundsNot allowed to be used.Contamination limit value:40 mg Cd/kg dry surface material.Total digestionfollowed byAAS or ICPSDAll types of surface coatings Lead (Pb) andits compoundsNot allowed to be used.Contamination limit value:90 mg Pb/kg dry surface material.Total digestionfollowed byAAS or ICP incompliancewith 16 CFRPart 1303(CPSC – CH-E1003) (USA)SD and TR1for solidfilms infurniturearticles inthe scope of16 CFR, Part1303 (USA),seeAppendix D2, 3SD for allothersurfacecoatings.All types of surface coverings Lead (Pb) andits compoundsNot allowed to be used.Contamination limit value:90 mg Pb/kg dry surface material.Total digestionfollowed byAAS or ICPSDNote: For the purpose of lead testing in accordance with 16 CFR, part 1303, surface coatings applied on coverings are considered as a surface coating, and lead requirements on surface coating as above applies, see Table 1.1. Lead (Pb) and its compounds.1 The TR may be replaced by tests of lead by the coating supplier in coating products that are identical in all material respects to those used in production of the furniture article, see Appendix D. Test reports from these tests of lead in coating products shall be handed over by the coating supplier to the IKEA supplier for registration in the IKEA Connect database, see section 5.2 This requirement is valid regardless of whether a furniture article, as defined in Appendix D, is delivered to the USA or not.3 The content of other heavy metals that are analysed in the same test (on dry surface coating from the final article) shall also be reported in the test report.Table 1.1 Surface coatings and coverings – general requirementsSurface coating/ covering Substance Requirements Test method MinimumDocumentRequirementAll types of surface coatings/ coverings Mercury (Hg)and itscompoundsNot allowed to be used.Contamination limit value:10 mg Hg/kg dry surface material.Total mercurycontent bymicro-wavedigestion andcold vapourAASSDAll types of surface coatings/ coverings Migration ofheavy metalsincluding theircompounds(Sb, As, Ba,Cd, Cr, Pb,Hg, Se)Surface coating films and covering systemson all products shall not exceed limits forheavy metal migration. For limits, see EN71-3:1994/A1:2000.EN 71-3:1994/A1:2000SDSolvent compositionLiquid coatings, pre-treatment, thinners, and solvents for cleaning/ degreasing AromatichydrocarbonsolventsThe content of total aromatic hydrocarbonsolvents shall be less than 1.0 % by weightin the liquid fraction of each surface coatingcomponent.Examples:•Toluene (CAS no: 108-88-3)•Xylene (CAS no (group): 1330-20-7)•Ethylbenzene(CAS no: 100-41-4)•Styrene (CAS no: 100-42-5)•Trimethylbenzenes and higher aromatichydrocarbonsFurthermore, benzene-containing solventsare not allowed to be used. Contaminationlimit value in the solvent: 0.10 % benzene(CAS no: 71-43-2) of each surface coatingcomponent.ISO 11890-2 SDLiquid coatings, pre-treatment, thinners, and solvents for cleaning/ degreasing ChlorinatedhydrocarbonsolventsUse of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents isnot allowed.Contamination limit value: 0.10 % for thesum of all chlorinated hydrocarbons in theliquid fraction of each surface coatingcomponent.Examples:•Methylene chloride(CAS no: 75-09-2)•Chloroform (CAS no: 67-66-3)•Perchloroethylene(CAS no: 127-18-4)•Trichloroethylene(CAS no: 79-01-6)•1,1,1-trichloroethane(CAS no: 71-55-6)Headspacegas chromato-graphy withelectroncapturedetection(HSGC-ECD)SD1.1.1 Additional requirements specifically for powder coatings – all substratesNote : these requirements are in addition to the requirements in Table 1.1Table 1.1.1 Additional requirements specifically for powder coatings – all substrates Substance RequirementsTest method MinimumDocumentation requirementDi-organotin and tri-organotin compoundsTri-organotins are not allowed to be used. Contamination limit value: 1 mg/kg for sum of tri-organotin compounds in the dry surface material.Di-organotin compounds are allowed to be used, but the sum of di-organotin and tri-organotin compounds shall not be more than 2.5 mg/kg in the dry surface material. Note: All tri-organotin compounds arebanned, and all di-organotins are restricted to the sum limit of 2.5 mg/kg, but the minimum test demand only includes those tri- and di-organotins that are listed in the definition of organotin compounds.The limit values refer to the alkyl/aryl tin cation without the counter ion.Extraction and GC-MSSD and TRTGIC(Triglycidyl isocyanurate)Powder coatings shall not contain any addition of TGIC hardener (CAS no: 2451-62-9). This cross-linking agent is primarily used in polyester-based powder coatings.Contamination limit value 0.10 % by weight in the ready-to-use powder coating.-- SD1.1.2Additional requirements specifically for UV coatings – all substrates Note: these requirements are in addition to the requirements in Table 1.1Table 1.1.2 UV coatings including UV printing inks – general requirements all substratesSubstance Requirements Test method MinimumdocumentationrequirementStenomeric acrylates It is not allowed to use any stenomeric acrylate,including acrylic acid (CAS no: 79-10-7), that isclassified as:Tox. 1-4, STOT SE 1&2, STOT RE 1&2 or Asp.Tox. 1 according to Regulation (EC) No1272/2008 (the CLP regulation) according toeither of the following:•harmonised classification according to AnnexVI in the CLP regulation•the classifications made within the PARADconsortium (see PARAD consortium report onUV/EB acrylates)Contamination limit value: 1.0 % by weight inthe ready-to-use mixture for the sum of suchstenomeric acrylates.Extraction andGC-MSSDToxic coating ingredients Coating ingredients classified as Acute Tox. 1-3,STOT SE 1 or STOT RE 1 according to Regulation(EC) No 1272/2008 are not allowed.Note: Residual substances (technical impurities)classified as toxic are allowed to be found in thecoating ingredients as long as the coatingingredient itself is not classified as toxic.--SDToxic, harmful and corrosive preparations The ready-to-use UV-coating preparation shallnot be classified as Acute Tox. 1-4, STOT SE 1 &2, STOT RE 1 & 2, Asp Tox 1, Skin Corr 1A & 1B,CMR cat. 1A, 1B & 2 or Resp. Sens. cat. 1according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.--SD1.2Additional requirements for surface coatings and coverings for solidwood, wood-based materials, and wood-like natural materialsTable 1.2 Surface coatings and coverings for solid wood, wood-based materials, and wood-like natural materialsSurface coating/ covering Substance Requirements Test method MinimumDocumentationrequirementAll types of surface coatings Formaldehyde Surface coating products shall notcontain formaldehyde, i.e.:•No formaldehyde shall be addedto the surface coating product.•No formaldehyde shall be createdduring storage and curing of thesurface coating.•The formaldehyde contaminationlevel shall be maximum0.5 mg/m2h measured accordingto EN 717-2 (Gas analysismethod) with the finished surfacecoating applied to a glass plate orother inert substrate.The samplingshall reflect arealistic worstcase in com-parison to whenthe productcould reach acustomer (i.e.normal handlingin factory,storage time,packaging andtransport to thenearest desti-nation).SDSurface coverings Formaldehyde Exception from general CMR ban:formaldehyde is allowed to be usedin the following case:•In the production of low-pressurelaminates (LPL), continuous-pressure laminates (CPL), andhigh-pressure laminates (HPL),which are impregnated withmelamine/formaldehyde or urea/formaldehyde resins.•In coatings applied on thecovering as part of itsmanufacture, before the coveringis applied to the substrate.Note: in any case of use offormaldehyde-containing resins,requirements regardingformaldehyde emission stated inother parts of the productdocumentation shall be fulfilled.-- Fordocumentationrequirements,see IOS-MAT-0003.Table 1.2 Surface coatings and coverings for solid wood, wood-based materials, and wood-like natural materialsSurface coating/ covering Substance Requirements Test method MinimumDocumentationrequirementLiquid coatings and thinners OrganicsolventsSurface coatings and thinners shallhave a maximum VOC content of130 g VOC/litre of the ready-to-useproduct.In special cases and after approvalby IKEA, surface coatings andthinners containing organic solventsexceeding 130 g VOC/litre may beused if the process is performedunder conditions with efficient VOCencapsulation and VOC exhaustreduction. The total VOC emissionshall be maximum 15 % of allsolvents used in connection with theapplication of solvent-bornecoatings, including for cleaning ofcoating equipment, as per the massbalance calculation.Note: This requirement does notapply to printing of names or codesfor articles, components or materialswhen that printing has no relevancefor the design of the article.ISO 11890-2ASTM D 2369, incases wherereactive diluentsare presentSDFor special caseswith VOC exhaustreduction, asolventmanagementplan (massbalance)according to EUDirective2010/75/EUAnnex VII part 7shall be carriedout every 12months andconnected inConnect to thearticle (throughappropriatematerial/process/componentcombination).Liquid un-saturated polyester coatings Styrene andvinyl toluenemonomersThe sum of styrene and vinyl toluenemonomers shall be less than 1.0 %by weight in the ready-to-usemixture.-- SDPeroxides Aromatic peroxide hardeners are notallowed to be used.-- SD1.2.1Additional requirements specifically for UV coatingsTable 1.2.1 UV coatings for solid wood, wood-based materials, and wood-like natural materials Substance Requirements Test method MinimumdocumentationrequirementResidual free monomers (stenomeric acrylates) Residual stenomeric acrylic monomers in thefinished cured coating film and the substrateshall be less than 800 mg/m2 extractable.Note: This requirement refers to the finalproduct after curing.In order to fulfil this requirement, key UV-process parameters such as UV-radiation level,UV-lamp distance, applied amount of coating,flow speed etc. shall be fully controlled anddocumented.IOS-TM-0002,section 17SD and TRResidual photo-initiators Roller coated surfaces•Residual concentration of photo-initiators inthe finished cured coating film and thesubstrate shall be less than 2000 mg/m2extractable.Other UV-coated surfaces•No limit (but still test requirement).IOS-TM-0002,section 17SD and TROdour Smell problems caused for example byincorrect curing, or by residues of photo-initiators, their breakdown products and theirimpurities, are not allowed.If any shipment of goods emits an unpleasantor unexpected smell, or deviates from earliershipments or from reference sample in termsof emissions/odour, in a way that is deemedby IKEA to involve a risk of discomfort orhealth effects for customers, this is to beconsidered a valid cause for claim of saidshipment. In case of dispute, evaluation ofodour to bemade by IKEAwith anevaluation groupof at least six persons--1.3Additional requirements for surface coatings and treatments formetal substratesTable 1.3 Surface coatings and treatments for metal substratesSurface coating/ covering Substance Requirements Test method MinimumdocumentationrequirementHot dip galvanizing Cadmium Zinc grades with cadmium content lowerthan 40 mg/kg shall be used.ICP SDChrome plating Hexavalentchrome(Cr-VI)Not allowed to use Cr-VI (chromates,bichromates, or chromic acid) in chromeplating.-- SDChromating, passivation and anodizing Hexavalentchrome(Cr-VI)Not allowed to use Cr-VI (chromates,bichromates, or chromic acid).If Cr-VI is found according to spot testand/or boiling under extractionprocedure (qualitative tests, seeIEC 62321), this indicates that Cr-VI hasbeen used, which is not allowed.IEC 62321 SDAnodizing – correction pens AromatichydrocarbonsolventsException: The 1 % limit for totalaromatic hydrocarbons in the liquidfraction (see Table 1.1) does not applyto correction pens used to touch upanodized surfaces, if used on less than0.2 % of the total anodized surface(yearly average).Note: this exception does not apply tobenzene.--Surface coatings Formaldehyde Exception from general CMR ban:formaldehyde-containing amino resinsare allowed to be used.Note: the formaldehyde-containingresin should be fully cured after thecoating process. Emission limit forformaldehyde from complete productaccording to IOS-MAT-0010 applies.-- SD。
Powder coating
专利名称：Powder coating发明人：Aoki, Katsutoshi,Maruta, Masayuki,Sato, Yukiya,Tajima, Hisakazu,Tohjo, Takehiko, c/oKao Corporation,Inagaki, Yasunori,Tanaka,Shingo, c/o Kao Corporation申请号：EP98106278.9申请日：19980406公开号：EP0870808A2公开日：19981014专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：The powder coating for use in a coating method which includes the steps of mixing and applying two or more powder coatings to a substrate, the powder coating comprising a resin not having thermosetting properties at a temperature of 160°C or less by itself, and being heat-cured at a temperature of 160°C or less when used in combination with other powder coatings. The powder coating composition comprising two or more powder coatings, wherein each of the powder coatings comprises a resin not having thermosetting properties at a temperature of 160°C or less by itself, and being heat-cured at a temperature of 160°C or less to form a coating film when used in combination with other powder coatings.申请人：KAO CORPORATION地址：14-10, Nihonbashi Kayaba-cho, 1-chome Chuo-ku Tokyo JP国籍：JP代理机构：VOSSIUS & PARTNER更多信息请下载全文后查看。
翻译
热喷涂2007：全球涂料解决方案(Ed.) B.R. Marple, M.M. Hyland, Y.-C. Lau, C.-J. Li, R.S. Lima, and G. Montavon ASM国际出版，材料园，俄亥俄州，美国，2007年版权所有冷喷涂涂料的附着力：粉末，基材和热处理的影响H. Makinen, J. Lagerbom, P. Vuoristo坦佩雷理工大学，材料科学研究所，坦佩雷，芬兰摘要在冷喷涂过程中，各种问题影响涂料的力学性能。
粘度强度通常被认为是最重要的力学性能。
这项研究的目的是探讨冷喷铜和镍洛合金涂层结合的强度。
重点是研究，尤其是粉末，基材粘接强度及热处理的影响。
对三种不同的铜和三种镍20%铬粉进行了测试，衬底材料是碳钢和铜。
此外，对基底前处理的冷喷涂铜涂层结合强度的影响进行了研究。
粉末和冷喷涂基材的影响视材料而定。
冷喷涂在铜基材的粘合强度明显要比在刚基材高。
此外，热处理时随着退火温度的提高粘附强度也随之提高。
引言冷喷涂工艺的主要工艺参数为：气体类型（氦气，氮气），喷嘴的设计，气体压力和温度。
然而，其他重要参数如，颗粒大小（一般为5-25微米），颗粒温度，基体材料的类型和涂层材料的物理性质也对涂料和沉积效率[1,2,3]产生显著影响。
这种涂料在粉末以高速撞击基材时产生，变形并和基材相互粘合。
冷喷涂粉末间良好的粘合需要基于微粒撞击基材[3]时的高度变形可塑性。
微粒和基材间及微粒和微粒间成功的粘合需要撞击的速度高于被称为微粒临界速度。
在没有喷涂的情况下速度低于微粒临界速度会出现腐蚀和微粒反弹现象[1]。
冷喷涂能具有显而易见的高附着力，不需要任何颗粒或者基材的溶[5]。
根据阿萨迪等[4]，粘合强度值通常在30至40Mpa 范围内。
更高的速度产生更高的价值。
粘附强度测试通常是由拉伸测试得出的。
根据标准EN582“热喷涂，拉伸粘结强度测试”，粘合强度的计算最大负荷率和表面积样品得来的。
粉末涂料英文术语
Powder Coating GlossaryAbrasive 研磨剂A course material used in blast cleaning, such as sand, steel shot, glass beads or plastics.用于喷抛清理一种流动材料，例如砂子、钢丸、玻璃珠或塑胶制品。
Absorption 吸收Process of soaking up or assimilation of one substance by another.一种介质向另一种介质渗透和同化的过程。
AC (Current)交流电Current Alternating electrical current.电流交互变得的电流。
Accelerator 促进剂Material that accelerates the curing or crosslinking, a mixture of crosslinkers or resins. Catalyst. 加速固化或交联的一种材料，可以混合在交联剂或树脂中，起催化作用。
Acicular Pigments 针状颜料Pigments whose particles are needle shaped.粒径形状似针状的一种颜料。
Acrylic 丙烯酸型A coating powder with a significant content of a polymer containing short chain esters of various acrylic monomers.一种粉末涂料类型，该类型中有效的树脂体系为短链的不同丙烯酸单体的酯类聚合物。
Acrylic Resin 丙烯酸树脂A clear resin derived from polymerised esters of various acrylic monomers. Acrylics are used for automotive topcoats and in other applications where resistance to chalking with exposure to sunlight is important一种由不同丙烯酸单体聚合的透明的酯类树脂，丙烯酸树脂同在汽车顶涂或其他的场合在阳光曝晒下具有非常高的耐粉化性能。
涂布率、厚度、细度、粘度、温度、计量单位等常用换算表
303
166
138
6.3
308
171
142
6.4
313
176
146
6.5
318
181
151
6.6
323
(续)附录一 涂布率换算表
平方英尺/ 美加仑 159 163 167 171 175 179 183 187 191 195 199 203 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244 248 252 256 260 265 269
O
5.40
P
5.80
Q
6.40
R
6.90
S
7.30
T
8.10
U
9.20
V
13.00
W
15.70
X
18.90
Y
25.80
Z
33.30
Z1
39.60
Z2
49.85
Z3
67.90
Z4
91.00
Z5
144.50
Z6
217.10
附录五 温度换算表
涂料技术资讯网
°C
°F
°C
°F
0
32.0
4 3.5
刮板细度计微米(µm) 110 101.6 88.9
3
76.2
2.5
63.5
2
50.8
1.5
38.1
1
25.4
0.5
12.7
0
0.0
注：1 英寸 = 2.54 厘米 = 1000 英丝 = 25400 微米
1 英丝 = 25.4 微米
筛目 105 140 #
化妆品中的脂质体_英_汤姆_克拉乌齐克
化 妆 品 中 的 脂 质 体 (英)译者简介:周静怡,男,1943年生,1961年毕业于北京有机化工学校,工程师。
地 址:030001,山西省太原市文源巷34号,中国日用化学工业研究所。
邢英站:男,1963年生,1984年毕业于山西省轻工业学校,工程师。
地 址:030001,山西省太原市文源巷34号,中国日用化学工业研究所。
12(总12)汤姆·克拉乌齐克(美) 周静怡 邢英站摘译摘 要 化妆品配方师可从许多来源中选择各种油脂,但最终要由质量、价格和性能来评价。
脂质体为化妆品配方提供了显著的性能,它使皮肤润滑、柔和、富有弹性,具有封闭性,在皮肤上能产生一层薄膜以防止皮肤中水份散失。
另外,它的清洗、乳化、光泽、附着性和润滑性都拓宽了脂质体及其衍生物的应用范围。
介绍了一种由遗传工程开发并已商业化生产的富含月桂酸酯的月桂酸Canola 油,它在温和及泡沫方面有肯定的优势。
油脂的纯度对化妆品配方非常重要,化妆品乳液的稳定性取决于脂质体的纯度。
还介绍了化妆品组分评述规划的作用。
关键词 化妆品 脂质体 性能Lipids in CosmeticsTom KrawczykA bstract :T he cosmetic fo rmulators can choose a varie ty of fats and oils from different of sources .T he cosmetic formulation ,how ever ,is ul -timately judg ed by many factors ,such as quality ,price ,and performance etc .Lipids offer sig nificant benefits in cosmetic formulations .One such effect is emolliency ,o r providing softness and flexibility to skin .A related effect is occlusivity ,or the ability to creat a film on skin that inter -feres with the loss of water from skin .Other effects ,such as cleansing ,emulsification ,glo ss ,adhesion and lubricity ,add to the rang e of applica -tio n for lipids and their derivatives .A new ingredient of a different sor t with the commercial production of its g enetically engineered high -lau -rate canola oil has heen contributed ,it has show n definite advantages over co nventional coconut oil -based soap formulations in terms of mild -ness and foaming .A hig h level of purity is extremely important to functio nality .The stability of cosmetic emulsions depends on the purity or lipid .A lso it introduces the effect of The Cosmetic Ingredients Review P rogram .Key words :cosmetic lipid performance 脂质体为化妆品配方提供了显著的好处。
Water_Borne_Acrylic_Coatings
ater-b orne acrylic coat-ings represent one facet of acrylic chemistry.Polymers based on acrylic chemistry are known for toughness; exception-al resistance to ultraviolet light (UV);and, therefore, their ab ility to retain clarity and color. Current water-borne acrylic coatings, b ased on acrylate and methacrylate monomers, retain these essential characteristics. They can b e further modified depending on the specific end use requirements. As a result,acrylic chemistry defines not a single type but rather a family of materials suitable in a wide variety of applica-tions, including primers and gloss coatings for direct-to-metal applica-tions; original finishes on heavy equipment; maintenance coatings for shop or field application to struc-tural steel and other metals such as aluminum and galvanized surfaces;coatings for concrete, masonry, and wood; and many other uses.Numerous exposure studies (some lasting up to 20 years) have shown that acrylic polymers can be used to produce coatings that provide long-term protection to metallic sub -strates. Side-b y-side studies in de-manding marine and industrial/chemical environments confirm that some water-b orne acrylic formula-tions are at least equivalent in pro-tective performance to the materials traditionally used in these applica-tions, such as epoxies, urethanes,and alkyds. In many cases where long-term flexib ility is required,acrylic water-b orne finishes have significantly outperformed their con-Another important characteristic is that water-b orne acrylic coatings represent a safer alternative for workers and for the environment.Like other water-b orne coatings,they are nonflammab le and non-flame-supporting, and they contain only low levels of organic solvents that can cause pollution. Experimen-tal formulation techniques devel-ventional, solvent-b orne counter-parts.1,2As might be expected from their outstanding UV resistance, the tint retention of acrylic water-b orne coatings also has b een outstanding.In addition, when specific cross-link-ing chemistries are used, long-term gloss retention appears comparab le to the b est solvent-b orne systems,even in severe exposures at South Florida latitudes.WcontinuedGENERIC COATING TYPESWater-Borne Acrylic CoatingsIn 1985, several tanks in the Deer Park, TX, plant of Rohm and Haas, located on the Houston Ship Channel, were painted with a three-coat water-borne acrylic protective coating system.Applied at a dry film thickness of 10 mils to Near-White Blast Cleaning, SSPC-SP 10, the coating system continues to provide corrosion resistance after 10 years.Photos courtesy of Rohm and Haasby Roy Flynn and David Watson, Rohm and HaasLloyd M. Smith, General Editor, Corrosion Control Consultants and Labsoped in recent years reduce solvent emissions to less than 50 g/L (0.4 lbs/gal.) and use anti-c orrosive pig-ments free of heavy metals suc h as lead and chromium.This artic le will disc uss the basic s of water-borne ac rylic c oatings, in-c luding their history, basic c hem-istry, formulation and applic ation c onsiderations, and performanc e properties.HistoryOne of the earliest uses of ac rylic c hemistry was in ac rylic sheet and molding powder for the manufac-ture of plastic s. During World War II, airplane c anopies were made from acrylic sheet and provided ex-c eptional toughness and c larity. Acrylic plastics also found use in au-tomotive tail lights bec ause of their ability to maintain c larity and c olor over time. This c ombination of toughness and UV resistanc e ulti-mately led to the development ofac rylic resins for a wide range ofcoating applications.In the early 1950s, the first acrylicwater-borne c oatings were devel-oped in the form of emulsions.These ac rylic polymer emulsionswere used to formulate interiorhouse paints and exterior masonryc oatings. Subsequent modific ationsproduc ed c oatings with inc reasedexterior durability, espec ially interms of tint retention and resistanceto c halking. Bec ause of their exc el-lent performanc e properties, virtual-ly all exterior arc hitec tural water-borne finishes today are based onacrylic chemistry.Development work began in theearly 1960s to modify the earlyarc hitec tural c oatings for metal sub-strates. During the 1970s, furtheradvanc es in water-borne ac rylictec hnologies resulted in c oatingsfor factory-applied industrial applica-tions. Bec ause of the need towithstand harsher c onditions andthe requirement for better bloc k re-sistanc e in fac tory-applied applic a-tions (so painted piec es c ould bestacked for shipment), this next gen-eration of water-borne ac rylic c oat-ings was signific antly harder thanearlier versions.Through the development and re-finement of ac rylic c opolymers,today’s water-borne ac rylic mainte-nance finishes offer toughness, hard-ness, retention of gloss and c olor,and good protec tion in direc t-to-metal applic ations for many expo-sure environments.3Industrial andchemical storage tanks, bridges, andoffshore platforms represent severalof their many uses.Generic Chemical Characteristicsand VariationsIn their simplest form, water-borneac rylic polymers c ontain ac rylateGENERIC COATING TYPESand me thacrylate monome rs chose n to provide a spe cific balanceof hardne ss and durability. Othe r acrylic monome rs can be use d to improve solvent and water release and hydrophobicity (re sistance to water absorption).Whe n use d in prote ctive coatings, acrylicmonome rs are typically modi-fied by the addition of co-monomers like styre ne, which provide s gloss, hardne ss, and improve d wate r ab-sorption resistance, and acrylonitrile, which greatly improves solvent resis-tance. The resulting polymers can be further modified with other materials to improve adhesion on metallic and other difficult substrates.The basic polyme rs re fe rre d to above can be modifie d e ve n furthe r by adding monome rs that contain functional groups like hydroxyl or carboxyl. The re sulting polyme rs can be use d to manufacture two-compone nt coatings consisting of the wate r-borne acrylic and a cross-linking material such as epoxy or isocyanate (ure thane) harde ne rs. Acrylics impart improve d sunlight resistance and color and gloss reten-tion compare d to othe r re sins that can be use d in the se type s of coatings.Single-compone nt, se lf-cross-link-ing syste ms for wate r-borne acrylic coatings are achieved by adding ma-te rials that cure by air oxidation. The se cross-linking syste ms signifi-cantly improve chemical and solvent resistance.Formulation ConsiderationsIn wate r-borne acrylic coatings, the be st prote ction against corrosion is achieved by optimizing film quali-ty and, hence, barrier properties, and by using traditional nontoxic, corro-sion-inhibiting pigme nts that mini-mize unde rcutting whe n the film is damaged.Optimizing film quality re quire s care ful polyme r (late x) de sign and choice of formulation additive s.While it is true that wate r-borneformulations are more complex thansolve nt-borne formulations, e achcompone nt has an important func-tion. The key to coating longevity isto se le ct formulation mate rialsthat do not disrupt the film-formingproce ss, which de te rmine s barrie rproperties, and ultimately, corrosionresistance.4To fully unde rstand the impor-tance of formulation compone nts,one must first unde rstand the dy-namics of film formation in wate r-borne acrylic syste ms. Film forma-tion involve s fusion of the polyme r(latex) particles in the liquid coating.During the e arly stage s of particlefusion, the films are characterized bycontinuedmicroscopic channel s between the latex particles. Under practical paint-ing conditions, these channels disap-pear over a period of weeks as the particl es continue to mel d together. To accel erate this process, vol atil e sol vents, termed coal escing agents, are incl uded in the formul ation. These slow-evaporating, organic sol-vents act as temporary plasticizers at the particle surface and optimize the coalescence of the polymer particles. The presence of these coal escing sol vents means the vol atil e organic compound (VOC) content of water-borne acryl ics is not zero. The or-ganic sol vent content is measurabl e in accordance with anal ytical meth-ods used to measure VOC content, al though most formul ations have a VOC content well below any current or anticipated regulatory limit. Residual l evel s of coal escents are retained in the films for a long time and produce a rubbery, tough, and fl exibl e coating. The coal escent is critical for fiel d-appl ied coatings where atmospheric conditions vary. In col d and damp conditions, fil m formation must occur quickl y. For this reason, a temporary pl asticizer-type of coalescent solvent is typical-ly used. For new construction where appl ication occurs under control l ed conditions (as in a shop or factory), adjustments in the vol atil ity of the coal escent can be made that permit faster development of hardness, and in turn, better early handling proper-ties and block resistance.Physical Properties ofCured FilmsWater-borne acryl ic coatings can be formul ated to produce either gl oss or semigl oss coatings, and l ow-gl oss primers and topcoats. Whil e pol ymer design is the most critical factor in determining gl oss characteristics, formul ation compo-nents are al so important. Sel ection of titanium dioxide (TiO2) grade has a stronger impact on gloss in acrylicGENERIC COATING TYPESwater-borne finishes than in solvent-borne finishes. Recentl y, high dura-bil ity TiO 2grades have become avail abl e that produce a better bal ance of gl oss and chal k resis-tance. For chalk resistance, UV stabi-l izers and sil icone modification, tra-ditional tool s for sol vent-borneacrylics, are finding increased use in the water-borne materials.Performance Properties and Testing of Cured FilmsThe best testimonial to the perfor-mance properties of water-bornecontinuedFig. 1 - This photograph illustrates the protective characteristics of emulsion products designed for maintenance applications. On the left is an architectural acrylic finish, and on the right is an acrylic designed for maintenanceapplications. A cheese cloth soaked in sulfuric acid was placed over both halves of the panel.acrylic coatings is their history of long-term service on tanks, bridges, and other steel structures. Tradition-al accelerated laboratory p erfor-mance testing of fresh latex films is often not an accurate p redictor of actual service because the disap-p earance of submicroscop ic chan-neling in the films is incomp lete at the time of exposure.Traditional salt sp ray tests call for films that have only been air dried for a short time. These fresh films do not reflect the changes that coatings incur after exp osure for even a few years. On aging, solvent-borne sys-tems continue to cure, and embrit-tlement is often a negative result. The thermoplastic water-borne coat-ings, on aging, reach a p oint of optimum properties speculated to be the result of continued p article fusion and leaching of water-sensi-tive paint additives.For this reason, many scientists are introducing an aging factor by using a weathering cycle to test protective coatings in the laboratory. This wet-dry cycling, combined with UV ex-p osure, intermittent salt exp osure, and temp erature variations, p ro-duces test results that are more rep-resentative of a film’s p erformance in actual service conditions.5 Chemical and solvent resistance are key p rotective coatings p rop er-ties that can be demonstrated in lab-oratory tests. For an accurate assess-ment of these p rop erties, however, films must be defect-free and have adequate film thickness. Chemical resistance can be determined by sp ot tests that are best done on a substrate that itself is degraded by the reagent. Fig. 1 shows the results of an acid sp ot test of an acrylic water-borne p rotective coating ver-sus an acrylic water-borne architec-tural coating, both ap p lied over a zinc-rich p rimer. As a class, water-borne acrylic p rotective coatings have good acid and base resistance. With acrylonitrile in the p olymerbackbone, modest solvent resistance can be obtained with certain acrylics. In the cross-linking type of acrylic systems (two-component sys-tems), the solvent resistance can be further improved to approach that of cross-linking solvent-borne finishes. In commercial practice, certain water-borne acrylics generally are recognized as reasonable alterna-tives to chlorinated rubber, vinyl, and alkyd finishes in terms of their chemical resistance.6,7,8Exposure to a saltwater atmos-phere can be consid ered another type of chemical resistance test. Water-borne acrylic coatings will withstand a short period of standard laboratory salt spray test as long as the films are d efect-free and are high build. Where films are d am-aged following the conventional practice of X-scribing, corrosion-in-hibiting pigments are need ed with water-borne acrylics to control cor-rosion at the scribe. In general, reac-tive pigments are inorganic salts with controlled solubility rates. Both the anion and cation of the reactive pigment can positively affect salt spray corrosion tests.The current practice is to use com-binations of reactive pigments to protect against short-term and long-term corrosion. In ad d ition to reac-tive pigments, completely soluble, corrosion-inhibiting ad d itives, such as sod ium nitrite, are need ed with water-borne finishes to control spot rusting, a cond ition known as flash rusting. Flash rusting appears as small, brown spots on the coating and results from slow drying condi-tions, especially under high humidi-ty. (Note that the in-can stability of water-borne primers can be adverse-ly affected if they contain reactive pigments and soluble ad d itives. Problems can be prevented by care-ful latex design and judicious selec-tion of formulation ingredients. Low levels of carboxyl functionality in the latex and the use of pigment dis-persant stabilizers are important incontrolling stability.)Early rusting can be consid ered amore severe problem because it canoccur after the painting job is com-pleted. It is most prominent in latefall or early spring when cond ensa-tion collects on the coating becausetemperatures d rop close to freezingat night. The appearance of unsight-ly rust-colored stains is completelyunacceptable to the owner of thestructures being painted. It is notclear at this time whether early rust-ing contributes to long-term corro-sion problems. Careful resin d esignand jud icious selection of formula-tion materials are critical to reducingor eliminating this phenomenon.continuedSSPC Painting System Specification No. 24.00 is a performance-b ased specification for latex painting sys-tems.9It recognizes the shortcom-ings of accelerated laboratory testing and includes requirements for out-door exposure testing for higher performance-level certification. Surface Preparation RequirementsThe preferred level of surface prepa-ration for water-b orne acrylic coat-ing systems over steel is a b last-cleaned surface of commercial grade (SSPC-SP 6) or higher. A lower level of performance can b e achieved on a hand or power tool-cleaned sur-face. Other metal sub strates and coated surfaces require solvent cleaning, and in some situations, sanding or b rush b lasting to lightly roughen the surface. A test patch should be applied and evaluated for adhesion if there is any concern about adhesion.10,11When water-borne acrylic coatings are applied to surfaces with oil or grease contamination, a solvent wipe may be insufficient preparation b ecause the solvent tends to smear and spread a molecular layer of oil that can interfere with adhesion, or residual hydrocarb on solvent may remain on the surface. A better alter-native is detergent cleansing. In ad-dition, scuff sanding or b rush b last-ing of glossy surfaces helps to promote adhesion of the film to the surface. On tightly adherent rust in normal industrial environments, water-b orne coatings maintain their film integrity b etter than many sol-vent-borne finishes.Painting over oily and salt-contam-inated surfaces is an unsound prac-tice, especially for water-b orne acrylics. Careful surface preparation is required to optimize film adhesion and, ultimately, film performance. Consult the coatings manufacturer on surface preparation requirements for a specific product.Application Characteristics,Methods, and EquipmentThe paint formulator can producewater-b orne acrylic coatings witha wide range of application charac-teristics.Nonionic rheology modifiers havea minimal effect on corrosion, andtheir use allows the manufacture ofcoatings with varying shear viscosi-ties for application b y b rush, roller,or spray. Virtually all types of equip-ment used to apply solvent-b ornecoatings can be used to apply water-b orne coatings. However, someminor modifications may b e neces-sary.For example, it generally is recom-mended that b rushes b e made ofcontinuedsynthetic bristles and spray equip-ment use stainless steel components. It is important that the applicator fully understand the different formu-lation and application characteristics of water-borne coatings compared to solvent-borne coatings. Because water-borne coatings are much more influenced by temperature, air flow, and relative humidity, they may re-quire different techniques to pro-duce satisfactory results.Outstanding initial appearance isnot one of the strengths of water-borne protective coatings. The appli-cator must be especially concernedwith excessive sag and poor dryingunder high humidity conditions, andwith overspray and low gloss underhot, dry conditions. In addition, theblending of spray patterns can bedifficult at low humidity. Rheologycontrol additives are useful to pre-vent excessive sagging, and a lowersolids level is helpful when cuttinginto overlapping spray patterns.With experience, any careful paintercan achieve good results with acrylicwater-borne coatings.Another way that water-bornecoatings differ from solvent-bornecoatings is their higher tendency toproduce a microfoam, or tiny bub-bles on the surface, which can affectfilm appearance. Use of proper for-mulating techniques can minimizethis tendency.Foaming characteristics are moreproblematic with water-borne pro-tective coatings compared to sol-vent-borne formulations during bothmanufacture and application. Forthis reason, defoamer additives areimportant. Not surprisingly, the bestapplication properties are achievedby carefully balancing rheology anddefoamer additives.Water is both a thinner andcleanup solvent. Only clean potablewater should be used. Water forthinning purposes should be addedin small quantities because its effecton viscosity can be dramatic.CureAtmospheric conditions during ap-plication and cure influence the cur-ing mechanism of water-borneacrylic coatings. The water mustevaporate, and the latex particlesmust coalesce. Therefore, film for-mation depends on temperature, hu-midity, and air flow.Air movement greatly influenceshow fast a water-borne coating de-velops early water resistance. Thedrying of water-borne coatings iscompromised under stagnant airconditions. Yet with air movementas low as 1 mile per hour (1.6 k mper hr), water-borne coatings canreach a water-resistant state withinGENERIC COATING TYPEScontinuedGENERIC COATING TYPESnormal painting time s unde r most humidity conditions. Although ve ry high humidity can e xte nd drying time, this limitation has not prevent-e d the succe ssful application of ar-chite ctural wate r-borne coatings over the years.Safety ConsiderationsAmong the gre ate st be ne fits of wate r-borne mainte nance coatings are the ir non-flammability, re duce d odor, and comparatively low toxicity re lative to conve ntional solve nt-borne coatings. They require no fur-the r pre cautions than those use d with a typical wate r-borne e xte rior house paint. As with any coating, standard industrial hygie ne proce-dure s should be followe d: all skin contact should be avoide d, and spraying should be performed using proper respiratory protection. ConclusionAcrylic che mistry has many use s in coatings. It can be incorporate d into other coating types such as dry-ing oil, e poxy, and ure thane che m-istry. Wate r-borne acrylic coating systems have progressed from archi-tectural uses to industrial uses. They can be applie d to many diffe re nt substrate s, including ste e l, galva-nize d me tal, aluminum, concre te, masonry, and wood.The se coating syste ms have a proven history of performance com-parable to othe r conve ntional coat-ings for prote cting ste e l, including bridges in marine environments and che mical tanks in aggre ssive Gulf Coast e nvironme nts. Furthe rmore, water-borne acrylics have the benefit of not re quiring flammable or toxic solve nts for thinning or cle anup. Formulations have ve ry low VOC conte nt, we ll be low any curre nt or projected regulatory limit. JPCL References1.William Medford, “Testing LowV OC Coatings in Aggressive En-vironments: North Carolina’s Ex-perience,” Journal of Prote ctiveCoatings & Linings(May 1995),23-29.2.Soren Nysteen, “Practical Experi-ence with Air-Drying WaterbornePaints for Protection of SteelConstructions,” 12th Interna-tional Conference, Paint Re-search Association.3.Roy Flynn, “Waterborne Coatingsfor Industrial Maintenance, PartII: Recent Experience with AcrylicMaintenance Finishes,” Journalof Prote ctive Coatings & Linings(October 1986), 42-46.4.Roy Flynn, “Development of Poly-mers for Water-Based Mainte-nance Finishes,” Mate rials Pe r-continuedGENERIC COATING TYPESformance(November 1985), 32-35.5. C.H. Simpson, C.J. Ray, and B.S.Skerry, “Accelerated CorrosionTesting of Industrial Mainte-nance Paints Using a Cyclic Cor-rosion Weathering Method,” Jour-nal of Protective Coatings &Linings(May 1991), 28-36.6.Robert Klepser, “Water BasedMaintenance Coatings Systems,”in Maintaining Structures WithCoatings, Proceedings of SSPC91, P ublication No. SSP C-91-17,Long Beach, CA, November 1991(P ittsburgh, P A: Steel StructuresPainting Council, 1991), pp. 96-106.7.Frank J. Windler, “Water BasedCoatings: A Viable Alternative toVOC Requirements,” in Maintain-ing Structures With Coatings,Proceedings of SSPC 91, LongBeach, CA, November 1991, Pub-lication No. SSP C-91-17, (P itts-burgh, PA: Steel Structures Paint-ing Council, 1991), pp. 75-95.8.Wayne E. Kurcz, “The P erfor-mance of Waterborne ExteriorCoatings in the Railcar Indus-try,” presented at Corrosion/90,Las Vegas, NV, April 1990 (NACEInternational: Houston, TX,1990), Paper No. 255.9.SSP C-P S 24.00, “Latex P aintingSystem for Industrial and MarineAtmospheres, P erformance-Based,” System s and Specifica-tions, ed. John Keane et al., SteelStructures Painting Manual, Vol.2 (Pittsburgh, PA: Steel StructuresPainting Council, 1991), p. 207.10.Roy Flynn, “Improved Formula-tion and Performance for Water-borne Acrylic Maintenance Coat-ings,” Journal of ProtectiveCoatings & Linings(October1989), 47-52.11.“Coatings Over NonabrasiveCleaned Steel Substrates,”NACE Publication 6H188 (NACEInternational: Houston, TX,1988).NOVEMBER 1995 / 97 Copyright ©1995, Technology Publishing Company。
知名化妆品中英对照
知名化妆品中英对照BIOTHERM 碧欧泉Biosource Foaming Gel Cleanser 活泉洁面凝胶（有泡沫）Biocils Waterproof Eye Make-up Remover 眼部卸妆水（可卸防水眼妆）Aquasource Oligo-Thermal Moisturizing Gel For Dry Skin 活泉水分露（粉色，适合干性）Aquasource Oligo-Thermal Moisturizing Gel For Normal Skin 活泉水分露（绿色，中性皮肤）Bionuit Overnight Visibly Effective Skin treatment 显效护理晚霜D-Stress Fortifying Anti-Fatigue Radiance Gel/Cream for Dry Skin 抗压舒容醒肤晚霜（干性）Hydra-Detox Daily Moisturizing Creams 深层排毒保湿霜（日用）Hydra-Detox Daily Moisturizing Lotion 深层排毒保湿露（日用）Reducteur Rides Anti-Wrinkle and Firming eye Cream 抗皱紧肤眼霜Symbiose Daily Aging Treatment Liposome Gel 抗皱护理者哩（日用）BioPur Pure Cleansing gel 清脂清爽洁肤者哩Biosource Instant Cleansing Foam 活泉瞬间洁肤沫（有泡沫）Biosource Softening Cleansing Mousse 活泉软化清洁摩丝Biosource Clean Skin Peel-Off Mask 活泉洁肤面膜（撕拉式）Biosensitive Calming Regulating Oil-Free Lotion SPF12 抗敏镇静无油露SPF12D-Stress fortifying Anti-Fatigue Radiance Essence 抗压舒容醒肤精华D-Stress Fortifying Anti-Fatigue Radiance Gel/Cream forNormal/CombinationSkin 抗压舒容醒肤者哩/霜（中，混合型）Reducteur Rides Tensing Wrinkle and Firming Essence 抗皱紧肤精华BioPur Mattifying Astringent Lotion 清脂紧肤水（带粉）BioPur Clarifying Balancing Night Gel 清脂平衡晚间凝胶BioPur Matte Hydrating Fluid 清脂水分露（哑光）BioPur Emergency Anti-Imperfection with AHA 清脂瞬间抗痘露（含果酸）BioPur Ultra-Matte T-Zone Essence 清脂T区调理精华素soothing After Sun Gel for Face and Body 活泉晒后舒缓乳（脸部和全身用）LANCOME 兰蔻Ablutia Fricheur Purifying Foam Cleanser 清爽洁肤泡沫（有泡沫，具体系列不详）Clarifiance Oil-Free Gel Cleanser 康尼芬无油洁面者哩Exfoliance, delicate Exfoliating Gel 柔白磨砂凝胶（敏感性可用）Vinefit Complete Energizing Lotion SPF1 葡萄多酚日乳SPF15 Complexion Expert 一种调整肤色的乳液，名字不详，好象是可以做底乳的ReSurface 除皱理纹精华Touche Optim’ Age一种抗皱霜，系列名字不详SPF 15 Face and Body Lotion with Pure Vitamin E 脸部身体防晒露SPF15（含纯VE）SPF 25 Face and Body Lotion with Pure Vitamin E 脸部身体防晒露SPF25（含纯VE）High Protection SPF 30 Face Cream with Pure Vitamin E 高效脸部防晒霜SPF30（含纯VE）UV Expert SPF 15 Sunscreen, Daily UVA/UVB Protection Water-Lite Fluide 柔白每日隔离防晒露SPF15（隔离UVA,UVB，清新水质配方）Soleil Expert Sun Care SPF 30 High Protection sun Stick 柔皙高效防晒棒SPF30Soleil Ultra Eye Protection SPF 40 柔皙高效眼部防晒SPF40Stick Nutrix Levres, Lip Balm 滋润润唇膏Gel Eclat Cleansing Gel 焕容洁肤者哩Clarifiance Alcohol-Free Natural Astringent 康尼芬无酒精收缩水Tonique Controle Toner for Oily and Normal to Oily Skin 去油光清脂带粉爽肤水（绿水，油性，中油性）Vitabolic Clarifier Radiance Boosting Tonic 光彩活力爽肤露Bienfait Total Creme SPF15 全美护肤霜SPF15Extra Controle Anti-Imperfections Acne Treatment Matifying Solution 绿色去油光瞬间抗痘露Spot Controle Acne Treatment 绿色去油光抗痘护理露Gel Purete Foaming Gel Face Wash 纯净脸部洁肤者哩（泡沫）Gel Tendre Non-Foaming Makeup Remover Face and Eyes 柔和眼面卸妆乳（无泡沫）Lotion Tendre Soothing Toner 柔和爽肤水Hydra Max Balanced Hydrating Cream 水分平衡保湿霜Hydra Max Balanced Hydrating Gel 水分平衡保湿露Rectifiance Day Lift Refining Cream SPF 15 日间紧肤霜SPF15 Rectifiance Day Lift Refining Lotion SPF 15 日间紧肤露SPF15 Rectifiance Day Lift Refining Oil-Free Lotion SPF 15 日间紧肤无油露SPF15Rectifiance Nuit Night Lift Restoring Cream 夜间紧肤修护霜（以上四个都是抗皱提拉肌肤的东西）Source Extreme Dual Benefit Complex 复合精华双效营养露Dyd Correction Anti-Wrinkle Firming eye Cream 抗皱紧实眼霜Fluide Multi-Protection Daily Protection Lotion SPF25 多效日用防晒露SPF25Lift Serum Extreme Anti-Wrinkle firming Complex 极致抗皱紧实精华Solution Destressante Calming Emulsion 抗压镇静乳液Masque Lift Express 紧肤面膜Masque Force Hydratante 保湿面膜CHANEL 香奈尔Lotion Pruete Purifying Toner 清爽洁净爽肤水Eye Lift Anti-Puffiness/Dark Circle eye Lotion 眼露（抗眼袋和黑眼圈）T-Mat Shine Control T控精华CD 迪奥Capture Rides Wrinkle Creme for Eyes 活肤驻颜眼部精华霜Hydra-Star Moisture Creme for Dry Skin 水分保湿霜（干性）Hydra-Star Night Treatment Creme for Dry Skin 水分保湿夜间护理霜（干性）Icone Hypersensitive Skin Emulsion for the Face ICONE系列抗敏面乳Icone Regulation Creme Dehydrated Skin ICONE系列调节面霜（专为缺水皮肤）Icone for Hyper-Sensitive Skin ICONE抗敏系列的？？？（标注不明，翻不出）Vitalmine 焕彩活力素（可作底乳）Model Lift 纤容霜UV 30 Ultra UV Face Coat 高效UV面部防晒液SPF30Purifying Lotion 清新焕容爽肤水Refreshing Wash-Off Cleansing Gel 清新水洗洁面者哩Refreshing Lotion 清新爽肤水Clarifying Cleansing Mask 清爽净肤面膜Capture Rides Fluide Multi-Action Wrinkle Lotion SPF 8 with Cyclic AHA 抗皱多效防护露SPF8Capture Rides Multi-Action Wrinkle Creme SPF8 抗皱多效日霜SPF8Ultra-Mat Perfect Matte-Finish 具体看不出是什幺，应该是一种妆前乳或完妆乳，哑光Mati-Star Oil-Free Mattifying Moisturizer 控油无油保湿乳（哑光）Clinique 倩碧Mild Clarifying Lotion 柔和爽肤水（露状，绿色的那款，最柔和的）All About Eyes 全效护理眼霜Daily Eye Benefits 每日眼霜Moisture in Control 保湿润肤霜Moisture On-Call 保湿润肤霜Moisture on Line 保湿润肤霜（不大清楚以上三个的区别，但是都是属于保湿类）Moisture Surge Treatment formula 水磁场保湿凝胶Anti-Gravity Firming Lift Cream 抗地心引力紧肤霜Weather Everything SPF 15 全天候防晒霜SPF15（具有隔离效果的日霜）City Block SPF 15 城市防护霜SPF15Super City Block SPF 25 Oil-Free Daily Face Protector 特效城市防护无油护理日霜SPF15Lip Block SPF 15 唇部防护膏SPF15Quick Bronze Tinted Self Tanner 快速美黑乳液Self-Tanning Face formula I/II 脸部美黑乳液1号和2号配方Self-Tanning Face formula III/IV 脸部美黑乳液3号和4号配方Exceptionally Soothing Cream for Upset Skin, Anti-Itch Cream 镇静抗敏护理霜（防倦怠和湿疹）Exceptionally Soothing Lotion for Upset Skin 镇静抗敏舒缓露（抗倦怠）Skin Calming Moisture Mask 舒缓保湿面膜Facial Soap ExtraMild, Mild and Extra Strength 洁面皂1，2，4号Rinse-Off Foaming Cleanser 水洗洁面霜（有泡沫，可卸妆）Wash-Away Gel Cleanser 水洗洁面者哩Clarifying Lotions 1,2,3,4 洁肤水1，2，3，4号Face Zone Sun Block SPF 30 脸部防晒露SPF30Full-Service Sun Block SPF 15 防晒霜SPF15（全身可用）Full-Service Sun Block SPF 20 防晒霜SPF20（全身可用）Total Cover Sun Block SPF 30 身体防晒霜SPF30Oil-Free Sun Block SPF 15 无油防晒露SPF15Deep Cleansing Emergency Masque 深层清洁面膜Sheer Matteness T-Zone Shine Control 清爽T字控油露Acne Solutions Cleansing Foam 抗痘清洁沫（有泡沫）Acne Solutions Antibacterial Facial Soap 抗痘杀菌洁肤皂Acne Solutions Night Treatment Gel 抗痘夜间护理者哩Acne Solutions spot Healing Gel 抗痘瞬间胶Estee Lauder 雅诗兰黛Perfectly Clean Foaming Gel Cleanser, Normal/Oily and Oily Skin 完美洁肤者哩（有泡沫，中偏油，油性）Perfectly Clean Foaming lotion Cleanser, Normal/Dry and Dry Skin 完美洁肤露（有泡沫，中性偏干，干性）Re-nutriv Firming Throat Crème白金级颈部紧肤霜Re-nutriv Intensive Lifting Crème白金级深层紧肤霜Re-nutr iv Replenishing Crème白金级修护霜Resilience Lift Eye Crème弹力紧肤眼霜Resilience Eye Crème弹力眼霜New Resilience Lift SPF 15 Face and Throat Cream 新弹力紧肤霜SPF15（脸部，颈部）Resilience Lift SPF 15 Face and Throat Lotion 弹力紧肤霜SPF15（脸部，颈部）Verite Soothiing Spray Toner 抗敏系列舒缓柔和喷雾式爽肤水Verite Calming Fluid 抗敏系列的镇静露Verite Moisture Relief Crème抗敏系列的滋润舒缓霜Estoderme Crème霜类，效果系列不详Estoderme Emulsion 乳液类，同上系列，效果不详100％ Time Release Moisturizer Creme 100％矿泉保湿霜CIear Difference Oil-Control Hydrator for Oily Normal/Oily and Blemish-Prone Skin 瞬间控油保湿露（油性，中性偏油，痘痘肤质）Advanced Night Repair Protective Recovery Complex 特效夜间修护精华露Time Zone Eyes Ultra- Hydrating Complex 眼部保湿护理精华Time Zone Moisture Recharging Complex 眼部滋润修复精华Idealist 完美焕颜修护精华露Age Controlling Crème抗皱霜，具体系列不详Spotlight Skin Tone Perfector 柔光焕颜乳（底乳）Skin Perfecting Crème Firming Nourisher完美紧肤滋润霜Nutritious Bio Protein 乳蛋白活力滋养霜Diminish Retinol Treatment 夜间紧肤抗皱精华露Swiss Performing Extract Moisturizer 滋润霜，可能有萃取某种瑞士植物的精华，具体不详Day Wear Super Anti-Oxidant Complex SPF 15 抗氧化护理日霜SPF15Go Bronze Tinted Self Tanner for Face 脸部美黑乳液Sun Block for Face SPF 15 脸部防晒霜SPF15Sun Block for Face SPF 30 脸部防晒霜SPF30So Clean Deep Pore Mask 深层清洁面膜So Moist Hydrating Mask 矿泉保湿面膜Stress Relief Eye Mask 抗压舒缓眼膜Triple Crème Hydrating Mask三效保湿霜状面膜Perfectly Clean Solid Cleanser Normal to Dry 完美洁肤皂（中性，干性）Rich Results Hydrating Cleanser 丰润保湿洁肤乳Deep Sweep Skin Refiner 深层净肤精华Clear Finish Purifying Toner N/D 爽肤水（干性，中性）Clean Finish Purifying Toner N/O 爽肤水（中性，油性）Equa1izer Oil- Free HydroGel 无油平衡保湿凝胶Unline Total Eye Care 抗细纹眼部护理霜Counter-Blemish lotion 抗痘露L’Oreal 欧莱雅Hydra Fresh Deep Cleanser Foaming Gel for Normal to Oily Skin 水清新深层清洁者哩（中性，油性，泡沫）Hydra Fresh Cleanser Foaming Cream for Normal to Dry Skin 水清新清洁霜（泡沫，中性，干性）Shine Control Foaming face Wash with Pro- Vitamin B5 爽洁控油洁面乳（泡沫，含VB5）RevitaClean Cold Cream for Dry or Maturing Skin 活力洁肤冷霜（干性，成熟）RevitaClean Gentle Foaming Cleanser 活力轻柔洁肤乳（泡沫）Line Eraser Pure Retinol Concentrate 无痕晚霜（含纯RETINOL，是抗皱的）Eye Defense with Liposomes 眼霜（含脂质体，好象是那个粉红色的罐子）Overnight Defense 护理晚霜Wrinkle Defense 抗皱乳霜Revitalift Anti-Wrinkle Firming Cream with Pro-Retinol A & Par-Elastyl, forFace and Neck 抗皱紧实脸部颈部霜（含RETINOL A和弹性脘）Revitalift Eye Anti-Wrinkle and Firming Cream 抗皱紧肤眼霜（以上以REVITALIFT打头的，已经上市，具体名字不详，欧莱雅的产品翻译前面应该都有花蕊二字）Hydra Fresh Toner 水清新爽肤水Shine Control Double-Action Toner Oil Free 控油双效爽肤水（无油）Shine Control Oil-Free Toner 控油爽肤水（无油）Future E Moisture + A Daily Dose of pure Vitamin E for Your Skin SPF15 未来E滋润日霜SPF15（含VE，VA）Line Eraser Pure Retinol Concentrate SPF 15 抗皱精华SPF15（含纯RETINOL）Mary Kay 玫琳凯Time Wise Age Fighting Moisturizer 幻时滋润霜Deep Cleanser Fonnula 3 深层清洁乳3号配方Day Solutions SPF 15 日间防晒乳SPF15Advanced Moisture Renewal Treatment Cream 高效滋润更新护理霜Instant Action Eye Cream 速效眼霜Triple Action Lip Enhancer 三效护唇霜Purifying Bar 清爽洁肤皂Hydrating Freshener formula 1 爽肤水1号Purifying Freshener formula 2 爽肤水2号Blemish Control Toner formula 3 爽肤水3号Indulging Soothing Eye Mask 舒缓眼膜Daily Protection Moisturizer with Sunscreen SPF 15 日间防护滋润乳SPF15 Night Solutions 晚霜Triple-Action Eye Enhancer 三效眼霜Skin Revival System 肌肤更新系统Sun Essentials Ultimate Protection Sunblock SPF 30 艳阳高效防护霜SPF30 Sun Essentials Sensible Protection Sunblock SPF 15 艳阳防护霜SPF15 Sun Essentials intense Protection Sunblock SPF 20 艳阳高效防护霜SPF20 Sun Essentials Lip Protector Sunblock SPF 15 艳阳润唇膏SPF15Olay 玉兰油Foaming Face Wash 泡沫洁肤乳Sensitive Skin Foaming Face Wash 泡沫洁肤乳（敏感肤质）Age Defying Series Daily Renewal Cream Beta Hydroxy Complex 活肤精华霜Complete UV Protective Moisture lotion SPF 15 (Fragrance and Fragrance Free) 面部滋润防晒露SPF15（香型，无香型）Complete UV Protective Moisture Cream SPF 15 (Fragrance and Fragrance Free)面部滋润防晒霜SPF15（香型，无香型）Refreshing Toner 清新爽肤水Age Defying Series Protective Renewal Lotion Beta Hydroxy Complex, SPF 15活肤精华露SPF15Age Defying Series Revitalizing Eye Gel 活肤精华眼者哩ProVital Protective Moisture Lotion SPF 15 面部滋润防晒霜SPF15（PROVITAL可能是OLAY的一个系列）Daily UV Protectant Beauty Fluid Daily Care Series Moisture Replenishment lotion SPF 15 日用美肤滋润防晒露SPF15Daily UV Protectant Cream Daily Care Series SPF 15 日用面部防护乳SPF15 Shiseido 资生堂Benefiance Revitalizig Eye Cream 盼丽风姿活力眼霜Benefiance Enriched Revitalizing Cream 盼丽风姿润泽活力霜Pureness Oil-Blotting Paper 飘尔丽思吸油面纸Vital Perfection Balancing Softener VP平衡爽肤水Gentle Sun Block Cream SPF 22 柔和防晒霜SPF22Sun Block Face Cream SPF 35 面部防晒霜SPF35Sun Block Stick SPF 35 防晒棒SPF35Translucent Sun Block Stick SPF 30 透明防晒棒SPF30Ultra Light Sun Block lotion SPF 30 防晒露SPF30（超级轻盈配方）Gentle Cleansing Foam 柔和清洁沫（泡沫）Day Protective Moisturizer SPF 15 日间滋润乳SPF15Beneflance Enriched Balancing Softener 盼丽风姿丰润平衡柔肤水Benefiance Daytime Protective Emulsion SPF 8 盼丽风姿日乳SPF8 Benefiance Daytime Protective Cream SPF 8 盼丽风姿日霜SPF8 Benefiance Energizing Essence 盼丽风姿活力精华素Benefiance Neck Firming Cream 盼丽风姿紧实颈霜Pureness Cleansing Gel 飘尔丽思洁肤者哩Pureness Balancing lotion 飘尔丽思平衡爽肤水Pureness Balancing lotion Oil-Control 飘尔丽思调整皮脂健肤水Pureness Moisturizing Cream 飘尔丽思滋润霜Pureness MoistUrizing Emulsion 飘尔丽思滋润乳Pureness Moisturizing Gel Oil- Free 飘尔丽思滋润冻密（无油）Pureness Hydro Pulifyng Masque, Peel-Off 飘尔丽思水分清洁面膜（撕拉式）Vital Perfection T ？Zone Balancing Toner VP完美T区平衡爽肤水Vital Perfection Daytime Protection Moisturizer SPF 8 VP滋润日乳SPF8 Vital Prote~tion Soothing lotion VP舒缓滋润露Vital Perfection Rinse-Off Clarifying Mask VP水洗式清新面膜Bio- Performance Advanced Super Revitalizer Whitening formula 百优捷皙活力美白乳霜Gentle Cleansing Foam 柔和洁面沫Hydro Refining Softener 水分柔肤水Day Essential Moisturizer SPF 10 日间滋润乳SPF10Day Essential Moisturizer, Enriched SPF 10 日间加强滋润乳SPF10Day Essential Moisturizer, Light SPF 10 日间滋润轻柔乳液SPF10T Zone Balancing Gel T区平衡者哩Vichy 薇姿Normaderm Express Cleansing Gel, for Acne Prone Skin 抗痘瞬间洁面者哩（暗疮肌肤）Lumiactive Rejuvenating Daily Filter-Care 隔离驻颜霜Optalia Restructuring Eye Gel OPTALIA 眸丽眼部修护者哩（带一条条银丝的）Regenium Night Renewal Cream 更新晚霜Thermal S1 : long Lasting Hydration S1长效保湿霜Thermal S2: long lasting Hydration for Very Dehydrated Skin S2长效保湿霜（极干性）Thermal S2 lotion: long lasting Hydration S2长效保湿霜Capital Solei1 Protective Gel-Cream SPF 15 防晒者哩－霜SPF15Capital Soleil Protective Lotion SPF 15 防晒露SPF15Capital Soleil Sunblock Cream for the Face SPF 25 面部防晒霜SPF25 Capital Soleil Sunblock lotion SPF 25 防晒露SPF25Capital Soleil Total Sunblock lotion SPF 30 全效防晒露SPF30Capital Soleil Total Sunblock Cream SPF 45 全效防晒霜SPF45Capital Soleil Total Sunblock Cream SPF 60 全效防晒霜SPF60Capital Soleil. Sunblock Lotion for Children SPF 25 儿童防晒露SPF25 Capital Soleil Sunblock lotion for Children SPF 35 儿童防晒露SPF35 Capital Soleil Sunblock Stick SPF 25 防晒棒SPF25Capital Soleil Self- Tan Milk for the Body 身体美黑露Capital Soleil After Sun Calming Reparative Gel for Sunburn 晒后修护舒缓者哩Heliocalm Calming Reparative Gel for Face and Body 舒缓修复脸部身体者哩Purifying Thermal Mask 润泉活力面膜（清洁性）Dermatological Cleansing Bar 润肤洁面皂Normaderm Express 2-in-One lotion, for Acne Prone Skin 抗痘瞬间二合一洁肤液（就是爽肤水，暗疮肌肤）Purete Thermale Dermo Protective Toning lotion, for Dry Skin 润泉爽肤水（干性）Purete Thermale Dermo Protective Toning Lotion, for Normal to Combination Skin 润泉爽肤水（中性，混合型）Lift-Activ 弹力修纹紧肤霜Lift-Activ Eyes 弹力修纹紧肤眼霜Lift-Activ Lotion 弹力修纹紧肤露Lift-Activ Night Intensive Detoxifying Firming Care 弹力修纹夜间排毒护理乳Lift-Activ Dry Skin 弹力修纹紧肤霜（干性）Thermal S Mat S型清爽保湿者哩（哑光）Heliocalm Soothing and Hydrating After-Sun Milk 晒后舒缓水分乳液Normaderm Express (Tinted and Non- Tinted) Treatment Cream, for Acne Prone Skin 抗痘系列护理霜（暗疮，有色配方和无色配方）Normaderm Patch Express, for Acne Prone Skin 抗痘瞬间贴（暗疮）Normaderm Stick Express Treatment Stick for Imperfections, for Acne Prone Skin 抗痘瞬间暗疮笔（暗疮皮肤）。
Parker Chomerics电性可导多硫乳涂料、空隙填充剂和粘合剂说明说明书
Parker Chomerics electrically con-ductive polythioether sealants, gap fillers, and caulks are used for their excellent resistance to water, galvan-ic corrosion, aggressive chemicals, and aircraft fluids (jet fuels, de-icing fluids, hydraulic fluids and Polyal-phaolefin [PAO] based coolants). Painting Procedure While there is no performance need to overcoat these materials, if your application requires an additional painting step for cosmetic orother reasons, you may overcoat these materials without the useof a primer. The advantage ofthe polythioether system over more traditional silicone-based electrically conductive sealants is that it provides a readily paintable surface. This eliminates the needfor an additional primer step before painting.CHO-BOND 1018 and CHO-BOND 1019 electrically conductive polythioether sealants are typically applied to the metal surface of an enclosure or after a finish coating. After applying the electrically con- ductive polythioether and waiting the minimum recommended cure time of three (3) days at 77± 20°F (22± 11°C), the material can then be painted. The CHO-BOND material will continue to cure even after painting. Full cure of the CHO-BOND 1018 and CHO-BOND 1019 is typically achieved in one (1) week at room temperature.Long-term ReliabilityQualified to ASTM B117 on 1000-hoursalt fog exposure on aluminum witha chromium finish in accordance withMIL-DTL-5541 hexavalent Type I,Class 1A and trivalent Type II, Class3. Test conditions include harshexposure to heat, humidity, and saltfog where the CHO-BOND 1018 andCHO-BOND 1019 maintains stableEMI shielding performance.Class N and MIL-DTL-53022 Type IIepoxy primers.Powder CoatingProcedureThe challenge with powder coatingis that while the continuous usetemperature for polythioethermaterials is -80°F to 320°F (-62°Cto 160°C), the typical powdercoating processes may exceed thistemperature for a limited period oftime as they are being applied.The power coating cure temperaturemay reach up to 375°F (190°C),which exceeds the continuous usetemperature of CHO-BOND 1018and CHO-BOND 1019 electricallyconductive polythioether materialsby 55°F (30°C).Qualification of the specificapplication with time andtemperature of the powder coatingprocess is typically evaluated by theend-user for long-term reliability andstability of both the CHO-BOND andthe powder coating.Powder coatings are applied asfree-flowing, dry powders. The maindifference between a conventionalliquid paint and a powder coatingis that the powder coating does notrequire a solvent to keep the binderand filler parts in a liquid suspensionform. Instead, the powder coating istypically applied electrostatically andis then cured under heat to allow it toflow and to form a “skin.”CHO-BOND 1018 before (left) and after (right) 1,000hours salt fog exposure.After 1,000 hours exposure in a ASTM B117 salt fogenvironment, CHO-BOND 1019 panel (left) shows nochange where competitive product shows corrosion (right).Qualified TopcoatPrimers for PaintingThe overcoat adhesion has beenqualified with MIL-PRF-23377 Type II,CHO-BOND® 1018 & CHO-BOND® 1019 Instructions for Painting & Powder Coating© 2023 Parker Hannifin Corporation. All rights reserved.Talk to an Expert about Your ProjectGet a Quote Where to Buy Instructions for Painting & Powder Coating Cont’d.Testing Protocols for Advanced Curing TemperatureCHO-BOND 1019 material was ap-plied to an aluminum substrate and allowed to fully cure. These fully cured test samples were then placed into a temperature chamber that was set to ramp up to a temperature of 375°F (190°C). The temperaturechamber was then held at this condi-tion for a period of 45 minutes. After removing the samples from the temperature chamber, they were evaluated for electrical and mechani-cal properties as shown in the table below.ConclusionParker Chomerics CHO-BOND 1018 and CHO-BOND 1019 electrically conductive polythioether sealant ma-terials are excellent choices whetheryou choose to coat them with tradi- tional paint or powder coatings as they showed no significant deterio-ration in mechanical or electrical properties after heat aging them at 375°F (190°C) for 45 minutes.These materials are used for their excellent resistance to water, galvanic corrosion, aggressive chemicals, and aircraft fluids (jet fuels, de-icing fluids, hydraulic fluids and Polyalphaolefin [PAO] based coolants).CHO-BOND 1019 Time and Temperature Power Coating ExposureCHO-BOND 1018 & CHO-BOND 1019 Ordering InformationCHOAG1004 May 2023。