1试题及(答案)
2023考研英语一真题及答案
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East.They were typically__1__outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments or__2__.This word"Caravanserais"is a__3__of the Persian word"karvan",which means a group of travellers or a caravan,and seray,a palace or enclosed building.The Perm caravan was used to __4__groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__merchants,travellers or pilgrims.From the10th century onwards,as merchant and travel routes become more developed,the __6__of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road__7__possibility of being attacked by thieves or being__8__to extreme conditions.For this reason,Caravanserais were strategically placed__9__they could be reached in a day's travel time.Caravanserais served as an informal__10__point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road.__11__,those structures became important centers for culture__12__and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures,ideas and beliefs,__13__talking knowledge with them, greatly__14__the development of several civilizations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and__15__in the trade of goods along the Silk Road.__16__,it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and__17__supplies for their own journeys.It is__18__that around120,000to15, 000caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,__19__only about3000are known to remain today,many of which are in__20__.1.[A]displayed[B]occupied[C]located[D]equipped2.[A]privately[B]regularly[C]respectively[D]permanently3.[A]definition[B]transition[C]substitution[D]combination4.[A]classify[B]record[C]describe[D]connect5.[A]apart from[B]instead of[C]such as[D]along with6.[A]construction[B]restoration[C]impression[D]evaluation7.[A]doubted[B]faced[C]accepted[D]reduced8.[A]assigned[B]subjected[C]accustomed[D]opposed9.[A]so that[B]even if[C]now that[D]in case10.[A]talking[B]starting[C]breaking[D]meeting11.[A]By the way[B]On occasion[C]In comparison[D]As a result12.[A]heritage[B]revival[C]exchange[D]status13.[A]with regard to[B]in spite of[C]as well as[D]in line with14.[A]completing[B]influencing[C]resuming[D]pioneering15.[A]aided[B]invested[C]failed[D]competed16.[A]rather[B]indeed[C]otherwise[D]however17.[A]go in for[B]stand up for[C]close in on[D]stock up on18.[A]believed[B]predicted[C]recalled[D]implied19.[A]until[B]because[C]unless[D]although20.[A]ruins[B]debt[C]fashion[D]seriesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat,but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy,a conservative member of the board who sympathises with the views of the energy sector,is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils.These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.“In the national standards,everything has to do with climate change—that’s very lopsided,”she claims.“There are as many scientists working against all the panic of global climate change as there are those who are pushing it.Texas is an energy state and we need to recognise that.You need to remember where your bread is buttered.”Most scientists and independent experts sharply dispute her views.“What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan boardmembers,rather than facts and sound scholarship,”says Dan Quinn,senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network,a non-profit group that monitors public education.“They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.”Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US and around the world,as researchers, policymakers,teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education,a non-profit group of scientists and teachers,looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes,gave barely half of US states a grade B+or higher.Among the10worst performers were some of the most populous states,including Texas,which was given the lowest grade(F)and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch,the centre’s deputy director,cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards,“that does not mean it will be taught”,he says.Another issue is that,while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages—such as earth and space sciences in high schools—it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught,such as biology and chemistry.It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.Branch points out that,even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change,unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.21.In paragraph1,the weather in Texas is mentioned toA.forecast a policy shift in Texas schools.B.stress the consequences of climate change.C.indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting.D.draw the public's attention to energy shortages.22.What does Quinn think of Hardy?A.she exaggerates the existing panic.B.she denies the value of scientific work.C.she shows no concern for pre-teens.D.she expresses self-contradictory views.23.The study mentioned in Paragraph5A.climate education is insufficient at state public schools.B.policy makers have little drive for science education.C.Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.D.environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.24.According to Branch,state-level science standards in the USA.call for regular revisionB.require urgent applicationC.have limited influenceD.cater to local needs25.It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schoolsA.agree to major public demandsB.reflects teachers'personal biasC.may mispresent the energy sectorD.can be swayed by external forcesText2Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the2010s.Now,with record-high home prices and historically low inventory,there’s an increased urgency in such regulation,particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.In New Hampshire,where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below1percent,housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,”said Nick Taylor,executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast.Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns,“employers are having a hard time attracting employees,and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,”Taylor said.However,short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists,pointed out Ryan Castle,CEO of a local association of realter.“A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry,and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,”Castle said,“and so it’s a cyclical effect.”Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue,said Keren Horn,an affordable housing policy expert at the University of Massachusetts Boston.“I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing.If it’s their vacation home anyway,and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?”Horn said.Issues arise,however,when developers attempt tocreate large-scale short-term rental facilities—de facto hotels—to bypass taxes and regulations.“I think the question is,shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel,but disguising it as not a hotel,be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?”Horn said.At the end of2018,Governor Charlie Baker signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers.“The bill requires every rental host to register with the state,mandates they carry insurance,and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy,”the Globe reported. Boston took things even further,limiting who is authorized to rent out their home,and requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department.Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling cities and towns. The only way to solve the issue,however,is by creating more housing.“If we want to make a change in the housing market,the main one is we have to build a lot more.”26.Which of the following is true of New England?A.Its housing supply is at a very low level.B.Its communities are in need of funding.C.Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.D.Its home prices are under strict control.27.The bill mentioned in Paragraph2was intended toA.curb short-term rental speculation.B.ensure the supply of cheap housing.C.punish illegal dealings in housing.D.allow a free short-term rental market.pared with Castle,Taylor is more likely to supportA.further investment in local tourism.B.an increase in affordable housing.C.strict management of real estate agents.D.a favorable policy for short-term workers.29.What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph5?A.The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.B.The efficient operation of the local housing market.C.The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.D.The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.30.Horn holds that imposing registration requirements isA.an irrational decision.B.an unfeasible proposal.C.an unnecessary measure.D.an inadequate solution.Text3If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench,you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit;the same may be true of The President's Daughter,the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson.Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House,a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.The problem began late last year,when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones“at a very significant level”.The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables,display spaces and windows,and were“quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.PRH declined to comment on the issue,but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me:“Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH,the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade.We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock.We do this generally by giving their titles less prominent positioning within our bookshops.In the meantime,PRH authors have been the losers-as have customers,who might expect the new titles from the country’s biggest publisher to be prominently displayed by its biggest book retailer.Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit,but it’s those mid-list authors,who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers,who will be praying for an end to the dispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher,Simon&Schuster-the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars,lower advances,and more conformity in terms of what is published.And one wonders if PRH would have been confident enough to deal with Waterstones in the way it has if it weren’t quite such a big company(it was formed with the merger of Penguin and Random House in2013)and likely to get bigger.“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels.Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers,publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon,”says Lownie.“The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices.After all,many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.31.the author mentions two books in the paragraph1to presentA.an ongoing conflictB.an intellectual conceptC.a prevailing sentimentD.a literary phenomenon32.Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?A.To make them easily noticeable.B.To comply with PRH's requirement.C.To respond to PRH's business move.D.To arrange them in a systematic way.33.What message did the spokesman of Waterstones seem to convey?A.their customers remain royalB the credit limit will be removedC.their stock is underestimatedD.the book market is rather slack34.What can be one consequence of the current dispute?A Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerablyB Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticismC Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name author's booksD Waterstones branches sutter a severe reduction in revenue35.Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?A Small publishers ought to stick togetherB Big publishers will lose their dominanceC The publishing industry is having a hard timeD The merger of publishers is a worrying trendText4Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research.Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than30,000journals.The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways,including the perceived quality of the journal(as reflected bythe title’s impact factor)and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates.The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce,but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.Citation cartels,where journals,authors,and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time.In2016,researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns,including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently,another expression of this predatory behavior:so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.The advent of electronic publishing and authors’need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals.The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind.These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers.In other instances,there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations.The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals.Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than150citations in the same year that it was published.How insidious is this type of citation manipulation?In one example,an individual—acting as author,editor,and consultant—was able to use at least15journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities.The problem is rampant in Scopus,which includes a high number of the new“international”journals.In fact,a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice.Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year.And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities:when an editor,a reviewer,or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references,do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.36.According to Paragraph1,the careers of scientists can be determined by[A]how many citations their works contain[B]how many times their papers are cited[C]the prestige of the people they work with[D]the status they have in scientific circles37.The support service consultancies tend to[A]recommend journals to their clients.[B]list citation patterns their clients.[C]ask authors to include extra citations[D]advise contributors to cite each other38.The Function of the“milk cow”journals is to[A]boost citation counts for certain authors[B]help scholars publish articles at low cost[C]instruct First-time contributors in citation[D]increase the readership of new journals.39.What can be learned about Scopus From the last two paragraphs?[A]It fosters competition among citation providers[B]It has the capability to identify suspicious citations[C]It hinders the growth of"international"journals[D]It established to prevent citation manipulation40.What Should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?[A]Take legal action[B]Demand an apology.[C]Seek professional advice[D]Reveal their misconductPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Last year marked the150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson.Jackson snapped the1st-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons,Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies.On a late19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories,Ferdinand V.Hayden.The team included a meteorologist,a zoologist,a mineralogist,and an agricultural statistician.[B]Two centuries ago,the idea of preserving nature,rather than exploiting it,was a novel one to many U.S.settlers.One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts—and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular—came in the form of vivid photographs.[C]As an effective Washington operator,Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals.He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings,to each member of Congress.“The visualization, particularly those photographs,really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,”says Murphy.[D]Throughout the trip,Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the“collodion process”that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture,then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom.The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times,and involved heavy,awkward equipment—several men had to assist in its transportation.Despite these challenges,Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful,to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp.While veterans of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights,these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.[E]The journey officially began in Ogden,Utah on June8,1871.Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake.That fall,they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.[F]Though Native Americans(and later miners and fur trappers)had long recognized the area’s riches,most Americans did not.That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region,from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna.In addition to the entourage of scientists,the team also included artists:PainterThomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.[G]The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor.In quick succession,the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early1872. That March,President Ulysses S.Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park.Some locals opposed the designation,the decision was largely accepted—and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area.“I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the time frame that it did without those images,”says Hansen,journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls,Rangers and Rogues, Bisonord Bears:100years of the national Park Service.[H]Perhaps most importantly,these images provided documentary evidence of the park’s sights that later made its way to government officials.Weeks after completing the expedition,Haydencollected his team’s observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives,along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved(and that his department deserved additional funds).41.B—A—42.F—E—43.D—H—44.C—45.GPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)There has been some exploration around the use of AI in digital marketing.For example,AI can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would be appropriate to'speak'to a specific target customer group by revealing information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data.46)AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies,favourite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.At the same time,AI can also be used to generate content for social media posts and chat sites.AI can also provide a bridge between the need of the brand to communicate emotionally with the customer and identifying their rapidly changing needs.While working at PWC,Norbert Wirth wrote an article on AI where identified that marketers are equally eager and hesitant in adopting Al,because synthesizing all these different functions presents them with new challenges.Al can help marketers to create clear marketing messages and choose the most attractive marketing mix for each target segment.A specific example would be the use of AI in developing the customer journey by automating all the different touchpoints (when the organization should contact the potential customer)through behavioural analytics so that they are the most effective for that customer or customer group.The main disadvantage of using AI to respond to customers is that there are concerns about trusting personal interactions to machines,which could lead not only to the subsequent loss of interpersonal connections,but also to a decrease in marketing personnel.47)Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer’s role by reducing creativity and removing jobs,but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.By allowing Al to develop content some brand marketers may find that they are losing control over the brand narrative.48)Algorithms that are used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns,especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.For Al to be successful,data needs to be accessible,but the use of personal data is becoming more regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming more difficult.49)lf customers are not willing to share data,Al will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication. Therefore,unless customers are prepared to sign release agreements,the use of Al may become somewhat restricted in the future.Not only can Al help to create the marketing content,but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers.Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged,such as location,devices used,website interactions,and sites visited,to display marketing messages in appropriate forms,including emails,social media posts,pop-up advertisements,and banners at an appropriate frequency.50) The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.Understanding humans may be complicated,but we reveal a considerable amount about what appeals to us through our browsing history.(46)AI can also be used to identify the lifestyles choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favorite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.【参考译文】社交媒体还可以识别包括消费者的爱好、最爱的名人和时尚等的生活习惯的选择，从而在通过社交媒体发布的营销信息中提供独一无二的内容。
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语(新高考1卷)试题及答案
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（新高考1卷）第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5个小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19.15.B. £ 9.18.C. £ 9.15.答案是C。
1. Why did the woman go to Mallorca?A. To teach Spanish.B. To look for a job.C. To see a friend.2. What does the man ask the woman to do?A. Take him to hospital.B. Go to a class with him.C. Submit a report for him.3. Who will look after the children?A. Jennifer.B. Suzy.C. Marie.4. What are the speakers going to do?A. Drive home.B. Go shopping.C. Eat out.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. How to fry fish.B. How to make coffee.C. How to remove a bad smell. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
自考通英语一试题及答案
自考通英语一试题及答案1. Choose the correct answer from the options provided.- (A) The book is on the table.- (B) The book is under the chair.- (C) The book is beside the door.- (D) The book is behind the window.Answer: (A)2. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.- She is very _______ in her work.- (A) careful- (B) careless- (C) lazy- (D) activeAnswer: (A)3. Rewrite the following sentence in the passive voice.- The teacher will give the students a test tomorrow.- (A) The students will be given a test by the teacher tomorrow.- (B) A test will be given to the students by the teacher tomorrow.- (C) The students will give a test to the teacher tomorrow.- (D) A test will be given by the students to the teacher tomorrow.Answer: (B)4. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese. - "I enjoy reading books in my spare time."- (A) 我喜欢在我的业余时间读书。
2020年考研数学一真题及答案解析
（4）【答案】（A）.
【解析】若 anrn 发散，则 r R ，否则，若 r R ，由阿贝尔定理知， anrn
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（）
（A）存在矩阵 P ，使得 PA B.
（B）存在矩阵 P ，使得 BP A.
（C）存在矩阵 P ，使得 PB A.
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,
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（B） anrn 发散时， r R . n 1
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2024年广西普法考试试题以及答案(一)
1、下列选项中关于法律的施行日期表述正确的是（）。
单选题A法律可以不明确规定施行日期B签署公布法律的主席令可以载明该法律的通过和施行日期C法律可以明确规定施行日期D法律应当明确规定施行日期题目详解【答案】D【考点】《中华人民共和国立法法》2、《医疗保障基金使用监督管理条例》正式施行时间是（）。
单选题A2021年1月1日B2021年4月1日C2021年5月1日D2021年12月31日题目详解【答案】C难度系数：3、县级以上地方人民政府可以采取（）等方式，推动湿地周边地区绿色发展，促进经济发展与湿地保护相协调。
多选题A定向扶持B产业转移C吸引社会资金D社区共建题目详解【答案】A B C D【考点】《中华人民共和国湿地保护法》4、《水污染防治法》规定, 交通主管部门的（）对船舶污染水域的防治实施监督管理。
单选题A执法机构B环境机构C海事管理机构D环境管理机构题目详解【答案】C【考点】《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》5、只要发现青少年有犯罪行为，一律对其进行处罚，杜绝后患。
（）判断题A正确B错误题目详解【答案】B【考点】《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》6、根据《广西旅游条例》规定，县级以上人民政府应当根据旅游业发展需要和财政状况设立旅游发展专项资金或者安排旅游发展专项经费。
（）判断题A正确B错误题目详解【答案】A【考点】《广西壮族自治区旅游条例》7、国家鼓励被授予专利权的单位实行产权激励，采取（）等方式，使发明人或者设计人合理分享创新收益。
多选题A股权B期权C分红D奖金题目详解【答案】A B C【考点】《中华人民共和国专利法》8、《中华人民共和国环境保护法》已由中华人民共和国第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第八次会议于( )修订。
单选题A2014年3月30日B2014年5月6日C2014年4月24日题目详解【答案】C【考点】《中华人民共和国环境保护法》9、根据《中国共产党党内法规和规范性文件备案审查规定》，应当向上级党组织报备的党内法规和规范性文件，自发布之日起( )内由制定机关报备。
《管理会计》试题一及答案
《管理会计》试题一 、单项选择题（每题 2分，共20分）边际贡献率为（A 、固定生产成本B 、变动生产成本C 、固定非生产成本D 变动非生产成本8当单价单独变动时，则（2、影响保本点的因素包括（A.单价B. 单位变动成本C.固定成本D.目标净利润 3、固定成本的特点有（C 、单位固定成本的反比例变动性D 、单位固定成本的不变性4、 预测分析的方法一般分为两大类，这两大类是（）。
1、 管理会计以强化企业内部管理、（ 为最终目的。
2、 3、 A 、降低成本 B 、降低保本点 F 列成本项目中不属于固定成本的是 A A 、广告费 C 、计件工资形式下的生产工人工资 F 已知某企业总成本是销售额 实现最佳经济效益、管理人员工资 、房屋租赁费x 的函数，二者的函数关系为: D 、增加销售量y=2000+0.4x ，则该企业的A.40%B.60%C.50%D.无法确定4、 狭义的相关范围是指（A 、期间范围 B业务量范围、成本范围、费用范围5、 企业质量检验员的工资属于（A 、半固定成本B 、半变动成本 、延期成本 、曲线式成本6、 变动成本法的产品成本是指（7、管理会计的内容是指与其职能相适应的内容, 它不包括（ A 、预测决策会计 B 、规划控制会计C 、责任会计 财务会计A.会使保本点同方向变动B. 会使安全边际同方向变动C.会使利润反方向变动D.会使保利点同方向变动9、德尔非法是（）中的一种具体形式。
A 推销员判断法B 、专家判断法C 综合判断法D 、因果分析法10、（）一般适用于不具备完整可靠的历史资料、无法进行定量预测的企业。
A 、判断分析法 二、多项选择题（每题B 、趋势预测法C 、因果预测法D 、调查分析法3分，共30分）1、管理会计的内容有（A 、预测决策会计B 、规划控制会计C 、责任会计D 、考核会计A 、总额的不变性B 、总额的变动性A、定量预测法B 、因果预测法C、判断分析法 D 、定性预测法5、成本性态分析的历史资料分析法包括（）A、直接分析法B、高低点法C、散布图法D、直线回归法6、具体的成本预测方法包括（）。
爆破员考试(一)试题及答案
爆破员考试（一）试题及答案1. 利用导爆管延期雷管来实现网络延期的方式主要有以下三种：（）、孔外延期和孔内外分别延期。
（4章新题） [单选题] *A.线路延期B.主延期C.孔内延期(正确答案)D.辅助延期2. 临时存放爆破器材的船只，船上应悬挂危险标志，夜间挂（）。
（8章） [单选题] *A.绿灯B.红灯(正确答案)C.黄灯3. 民用爆炸物品（）上应同时有警示标识和登记标识。
（2章新题） [单选题] *A.最小计数单位和基本包装单元(正确答案)B.基本计数单位和最小包装单元C.最小计数单位和基本包装单元4. 我国1955年从（）引进了硐室爆破技术。
（1章新题） [单选题] *A.美国B.苏联(正确答案)C.瑞典5. 临时存放爆破器材的船只，爆破器材的存放量不应超过（）。
（8章） [单选题] *B.5C.106. 《爆破安全规程》规定：一般爆破，交流电不小于2.5A,直流电不小于（）。
（4章新题） [单选题] *A.2.0A(正确答案)B.2.5AC.3.0AD.3.5A7. 爆破员岗位职责要求，爆破作业结束后，应将剩余的（）清退回库。
（1章新题） [单选题] *A.火工品B.民用爆炸物品(正确答案)C.炸药和雷管8. 岩石中矿物的排列和相互配置的关系在外貌上的特征叫做（）。
（5章新题）[单选题] *A.岩石的特性B.岩石的年代C.岩石的构造(正确答案)D.岩石的质量9. 工业雷管编码采用（）位字码。
(2章新题） [单选题] *A.11B.1210. 多头掘进时，爆破母线要随用随挂。
爆破母线必须挂在电缆、信号线下方，距离要大于（）。
（6章） [单选题] *A.0.3m(正确答案)B.0.4mC.0.5mD.0.6m11. 焚烧法销毁火炸药时，要将待销毁的火炸药铺成厚度不大于（）cm的药条。
(8章新题） [单选题] *A.5B.10(正确答案)C.2012. 电雷管由管壳、加强帽、起爆药、（）与电点火装置组成。
科目一试题及答案
科目一试题及答案1. 驾驶机动车在高速公路上行驶，车速超过每小时100公里时，应当与同车道前车保持多少米以上的距离？A. 50米B. 100米C. 150米D. 200米答案：D2. 机动车驾驶证被暂扣期间，驾驶人可以驾驶机动车吗？A. 可以B. 不可以C. 视情况而定D. 只有在紧急情况下可以答案：B3. 机动车在道路上发生故障，难以移动时，驾驶人应该怎么办？A. 立即停车，开启危险报警闪光灯B. 继续驾驶，寻找修理厂C. 停车后离开车辆，等待救援D. 停车后在车后放置警告标志答案：A4. 驾驶机动车在高速公路上行驶，遇有雾、雨、雪、沙尘、冰雹等低能见度气象条件时，能见度在50米以内时，最高行驶速度不得超过多少公里每小时？A. 20公里B. 40公里C. 60公里D. 80公里答案：A5. 机动车驾驶人在实习期内驾驶机动车上高速公路行驶，应当由持相应或者更高准驾车型驾驶证三年以上的驾驶人陪同。
对吗？A. 对C. 视情况而定D. 只有在夜间行驶时需要陪同答案：A6. 机动车在高速公路上行驶，遇有雨、雪、雾、霾、沙尘等低能见度气象条件时，能见度在100米以内时，最高行驶速度不得超过多少公里每小时？A. 20公里B. 40公里C. 60公里D. 80公里答案：B7. 机动车驾驶人违反道路交通安全法律、法规关于道路通行规定的，处警告或者多少元以上二百元以下罚款？A. 10元B. 50元D. 200元答案：B8. 机动车在高速公路上行驶，遇有雾、雨、雪、沙尘、冰雹等低能见度气象条件时，能见度在200米以内时，最高行驶速度不得超过多少公里每小时？A. 60公里B. 80公里C. 100公里D. 120公里答案：A9. 驾驶机动车在高速公路上行驶，车速超过每小时100公里时，与同车道前车保持的距离不得少于多少米？A. 50米B. 100米C. 150米答案：D10. 机动车驾驶人在实习期内不得驾驶哪些车辆？A. 公共汽车B. 营运客车C. 执行任务的警车D. 所有选项答案：D11. 机动车驾驶人在实习期内驾驶机动车，应当在车身后部粘贴或者悬挂统一式样的实习标志。
高等数学1期中考试试题参考答案
《高等数学（Ⅰ）》试卷学院：______ 班级：_____学号：________姓名：________任课教师：_____题类一二三四五总分阅卷人得分一、选择题（每题2分，共16分）1、 下列极限存在的是…………………………………………………………( )（A ）（B ） （C ） （D ） xx 21lim ∞→1310lim -→x x x e x 1lim ∞→xx 3lim ∞→2、，，则下列不正确的是…………………………()0)(lim =→x f ax ∞=→)(lim x g ax （A ）（B ） ∞=+→)]()([lim x g x f ax ∞=→)]()([lim x g x f ax （C ）（D ） 0][lim )()(1=+→x g x f ax 0)](/)(lim[=→x g x f ax 3、则下列正确的是…………………………(),0)(lim >=→A x f ax ,0)(lim <=→B x g ax （A ） f (x )>0, （B ） g(x )<0, （C ） f (x )>g (x ) （D ）存在a 的一个空心邻域，使f (x )g (x )<0。
4、已知， 则………………………………………………( ),2lim)(0=→xx f x =→)2x (sin3x 0limf x （A ） 2/3, （B ） 3/2 （C ） 3/4 （D ） 不能确定。
5、若函数在[1，2]上连续，则下列关于函数在此区间上的叙述，不正确的是……（ ）（A ） 有最大值 （B ） 有界 （C ） 有零点 （D ）有最小值6、下列对于函数y =x cos x 的叙述，正确的一个是………………………………………( )（A ）有界，且是当x 趋于无穷时的无穷大，（B ）有界，但不是当x 趋于无穷时的无穷大，（C ） 无界，且是当x 趋于无穷时的无穷大，（D ）无界，但不是当x 趋于无穷时的无穷大。
科目一全部试题及答案
科目一全部试题及答案一、选择题1. 驾驶机动车在高速公路上行驶，车速超过规定时速的百分之五十的，公安机关交通管理部门应当依法追究刑事责任。
（）A. 正确B. 错误答案：B2. 下列哪种行为不属于违反道路交通安全法的行为？A. 酒后驾车B. 超速行驶C. 遵守交通规则D. 疲劳驾驶答案：C3. 机动车行驶至人行横道时，遇有行人正在通过人行横道，应当（）。
A. 减速行驶B. 停车让行C. 绕行通过D. 持续鸣笛答案：B4. 驾驶机动车在没有中心隔离设施或者没有中心线的道路上，遇相对方向来车时，应当（）。
A. 靠左行驶B. 靠右行驶C. 保持原速行驶D. 随时准备停车答案：B5. 驾驶机动车在道路上发生故障，需要停车排除故障时，驾驶人应当立即开启（）。
A. 危险报警闪光灯B. 转向灯C. 雾灯D. 远光灯答案：A二、判断题1. 驾驶人在道路上驾驶机动车，血液中酒精含量超过规定标准，但未发生交通事故的，不构成违法行为。
（）答案：错误2. 驾驶机动车时，可以穿着拖鞋或者赤脚驾驶。
（）答案：错误3. 在道路上行驶的机动车，必须在车辆前后规定的位置上悬挂机动车号牌。
（）答案：正确4. 驾驶机动车时，驾驶人可以观看电视或者使用手机。
（）答案：错误5. 机动车在高速公路上行驶，可以随意停车上下乘客。
（）答案：错误三、填空题1. 驾驶机动车在道路上行驶，应当按照交通信号灯的指示通行。
当信号灯显示______灯时，表示禁止通行。
答案：红灯2. 机动车驾驶人在道路上行驶，遇有前方车辆排队等候时，应当______。
答案：依次排队等候3. 在没有交通信号灯控制的路口，机动车驾驶人应当减速慢行，并让______的车辆先行。
答案：右方道路来车4. 驾驶机动车在高速公路上行驶，车速不得超过标志、标线规定的最高车速，最低车速不得低于______。
答案：设计速度5. 机动车行驶至交叉路口，遇有停车信号时，应当停在______。
答案：停止线以外四、简答题1. 请简述驾驶机动车在道路上行驶时，应当遵守的基本安全原则。
驾照考试科目一考试试题及答案(必过)
驾照考试科目一考试试题及答案(必过)1.行车中遇到对向来车占道行驶，应_____。
A.紧靠道路中心行驶B.主动给对方让行C.用大灯警示对方D.逼对方靠右行驶正确答案是：B2.车辆在主干道上行驶，驶近主支干道交汇处时，为防止与从支路突然驶入的车辆相撞，应_____。
A.提前减速、观察，谨慎驾驶B.保持正常速度行驶C.鸣喇叭，迅速通过D.提前加速通过正确答案是：A3.发生缓慢翻车有可能跳车逃生时，应向_____跳车。
A.运行的前方B.翻车方向C.翻车相反方向D.翻车一侧正确答案是：C4.图中标志的含义是表示车辆向右行驶。
A.正确B.错误正确答案是：B5.倒车过程中，要随时注意车头两侧的空间位置，以免因转向角度过大而发生刮擦事故。
A.正确B.毛病正确谜底是：A6.车辆转向突然失控时，应立即用力踏下制动踏板，使车辆尽快减速停止。
A.正确B.毛病正确答案是：B7.行车中，遇其他驾驶人恳求帮助时，可容许恳求，热忱互助。
A.正确B.错误正确谜底是：A8.图中标志的含义是_____。
A.禁止借道行驶B.禁止超车C.解除禁止超车D.禁止变更车道正确答案是：C9.行车中遇故意不避让车辆的行人时，可连续鸣喇叭加速通过。
A.正确B.毛病正确答案是：B10.驾驶车辆驶入高速公路加速车道后，遇行车道车辆稀少时，可_____。
A.从正常行驶车辆后驶入行车道B.从正常行驶车辆前驶入行车道C.停车等待正常行驶车辆通过D.加速直接驶入行车道正确谜底是：A11.仪表板上的“如图〞灯亮，表示平安带插头未插入固定扣。
A.正确B.毛病正确谜底是：A12.发生交通事故后当事人逃逸的，不承当事故责任。
A.正确B.毛病正确谜底是：B13.行车中遇老人横过道路，行动缓慢，可持续鸣喇叭催促。
A.正确B.错误正确答案是：B14.灵活车遗失的，申请补发时应供给和遗失的书面声明。
A.单位证明B.居委会证明C.机动车驾驶人的身份证明D.车辆证明正确答案是：C15.中华群众共和国道路交通平安法?是为了维护道路交通秩序，_____，提高通行效力。
2020年考研英语(一)真题及答案
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B],[C],or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Even if families don’t sit down to eat together as frequently as before,millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation’s great traditions:the Sunday roast.l a cold winter’s day,few culinary pleasures can2it.Yet as we report now.The food police are determined our health.That this3should be rendered yet another quality pleasure4to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has5a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrvlamide that forms in some foods cooked6high temperatures. This means that people should7crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin—crust pizzas and only8toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?9studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no10evidence that it causes cancer in humans. Scientists say the compound is l1to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof l2 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is l3to follow the FSA advice.l4, it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to wove a l5.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be l6up on Sunday alongside some steamedvegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine.But would life be worth living?l7,theFSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods l8,but reduce their lifetime intake.However its l9risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective.Constant health scares just20with one listening.1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed5.[A]issued[B]received[C]compelled[D]guaranteed6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]if[D]While10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]conclusive[D]negative11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow12.[A]On thebasis of[B]At the cost of[C]In addition to[D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate14.[A]As usual[B]In particular[C]By definition[D]After all15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern16.[A]made[B]saved[C]saved[D]used[D]In general17.[A]To be fair[B]For instance[C]To be brief18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition20.[A]follow up[B]pick up[C]open up[D]end upSection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A], [B],[C],or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK“town of culture”award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in2017and has been awarded to Coventry for zozl.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in£220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain’town,it is true are not prevented from applying,but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture,a sough-after award banM1w Glawow in1990and Liveropool in2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever ofself-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows that will follow—village of culture?Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-alt A badly run“year of culture”washes in and out of a place like the tide,bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there;they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community.groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow’s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A“town of culture”could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town’s peculiarities—helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a“town of culture”award could______[A]consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B]promote cooperation among Britain’s towns.[C]increase the economic strength of Britain’s towns.[D]focus Britain’s limited resources on cultural events.22.According to Paragraph2,the proposal might be regarded by some as_______[A]a sensible compromise.[B]a self-deceiving attempt.[C]an eye-catching bonus.[D]an inaccessible target.23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it_______[A]endeavours to maintain its image.[B]meets the aspirations of its people.[C]brings its local arts to prominence.[D]commits to its long-term growth.24.Glasgow is mentioned in Praannh3in precent_______[A]a contrasting cast(B]a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D]a related topic.25.‘What is the author’s attitude towards the proposal?[A]Skeptical.[B]Objective.[C]Favourable.[D]Critical.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money Scientists need journals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only fmd a market for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profils of more than£900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than£21Gm in2016to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since2015.The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is nowpublished under open access terms:either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around£500to$5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs”had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money”partly because_______[A]its fUnding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B]its marketing strategy has been successful.[C]its payment for peer review is reduced.[D]its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs2and3,scientific publishers Elsevier have_______[A]thrived mainly on university libraries.[B]gone through an existential crisis.[C]revived the publishing industry.[D]financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sd-Hub?[A]R.elieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concerned.[D]Encouraged.29.It can be learned from Paragraphs5and6that open access terms___________[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B]render publishing much easier for scientists.[C]reduce the cost of publication substantially[D]free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?[A]Trial subscription is offered.[B]Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D]The few feed on the many.Text3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure“gender parity”on boards and commissions,provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than40percent female.In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities,they have proposed imposing government quotas.If the bills become law,state boards and commissions will be required to set aside50percent of board seats for women by2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California,which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law,which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an“important’policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,even where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of“equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently minor the percentage of women in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between2010and2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by54percent. Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic,Mice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skin”phenomenon.where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will[A]help lite to reduce gender bias.[B]pose a threat to the state government.[C]raise women’s position in politics.[D]greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A]It has irrited private business owners.[B]It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D]It will settle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate______[A]the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C]the pressure on women in global corporations.[D]the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to______[A]the underestimation of elite women’s role.[B]the objection to female participation on bards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D]the growing tension between Labor and management.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A]Women’s need in employment should be considered[B]Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C]Eveone should try hard to promote social justice.[D]Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text4Last Thursday,the French Senate passed a digital services tax,which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital sen-ices to consumers or users in France.Digital services include everything from providing a platfonu for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data.and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a”GAFA tax.”meaning that it is designed to apply primañly to companies such as Google,Apple,Facebook and Amazon—in other words,multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy,with the Unite States trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend,with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britain’s DPT(diverted profits tax),Australia’s MAAL(muthnational antiavoidance law),and India’s SEP(significant economic presence)test, but a few.At the same time,the European Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures,the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)is currently working with131countries to reach a consensus by the end of2020on an international solution.Both France and the United States are involved in the organization’s work,but France’s digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France’s planned tax is a clear waning:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system.other nations are likely to follow suit,and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to______[A]regulate digital services platforms.[B]protect French companies’interests.[C]impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D]curb the influence of advertising.37.It can be learned from Para2raoh2that the digital services tax______[A]may trigger countermeasures against France.[B]is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C]aims to ease international trade tensions.[D]will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38-The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that_______[A]redistribution of tech giants’revenue must be ensured.[B]the current international tax system needs upgrading[C]tech multinationals’monopoly should be prevented.[D]all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39.It can be learned from Paragraph5that the OECO’s current work______[A]is being resisted by US companies.[B]needs to be readjusted immediately.[C]is faced with uncertain prospects.[D]needs to involve more countries.40.Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A]France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B]France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says“NO”to Tech Multinationals[D]France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph(4145).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Eye fixations are brief[B]Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C]Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D]Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E]Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F]Most people are not comfoztble holding eye contact with strangers[G]Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation,eye contact with another person can show that you are paving attention in a friendly way.But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here’s what hard science reveals about eye contact:41.We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes,and she will look back This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.In adulthood,looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention.It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room,“Eye contact and smile”can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42.Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocn increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded This was also found inhigh-functioning men with some autistic spectnim symptoms,who may tend to avoid eye contact.Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches,using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.With the use of eye-tracking technology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation.While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations,it’s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations.“Whether you’re a politician or a parent,it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you’re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,”said Minson.44.When we look at a face or a picture,our eyes pause on one spot at a time,often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur at about three per second,and the eyes then jump to another spot,until several important points in the image areregistered like a series of snapshots.How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.In people who score high in a test of neuroticism,a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety,eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jan Hietanen and colleagues.“Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.”A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Yourtranslation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the14th century known as the Renaissance,the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being.Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.(46)With the Church’s teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modem periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance,the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus,Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47)Before each of their revelations,many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking including the geo-centric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.Copernicus theorized in1543that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth,but the Sun.a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48)Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists.more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church’s long standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists.This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of17th century.(49)As many took on the duty of trying tointegrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world,the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.The17th and18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity.Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty,tolerance and progress.(50)Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase‘sapere aude’or‘dare to know’,after Irnmanuel Kant used it in his essay“An Answer to the Question:What is Enlightenment’?”.It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go fort and seek out the truth,which they believed to be founded in knowledgeSection III WritingPartA51.Directions:The student union of your university has assigned you to infomi the international students about an upcoming singing contest.Write a notice in about100words. Write your answer on theANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the pictures below In your essay,you should1)describe the picture briefly,2)interpret the implied meaning,and3)give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)2020年考研英语一答案解析Section I1.【答案】C On【解析】此处考察介词词义辨析。
公司安全培训试题及一套答案
公司安全培训试题及一套答案单位:_______ 姓名:_______ 时间:_______ 分数:______ 满分:100一、单选题（25题每题1分，共25分）1.安全色中（）表示提示、安全状态及通行的规定。
A.红色B.蓝色C.绿色D.绿色2.用钢筋切断机切断（）毫米以内的短料时，不得用手直接送料。
A.20毫米B.30毫米C.40毫米3.不锈钢容器进行水压试验时，应该控制水中的( )含量，防止腐蚀。
A.氢离子B.氧离子C.氯离子4.监督劳动者上岗前、在岗期间、离岗时的职业健康检查，发现有与所从事职业有关的健康损害的劳动者，应及时（），并依法妥善安置A.调离原岗位B.让其下岗C.劝退D.办理病休5.临时用电线路及设备应有良好的绝缘，所有的临时用电线路应采用（）等级不低于500V的绝缘导线。
A.耐强B.耐压C.耐抗D.耐磨6.严禁使用有严重安全隐患的假冒伪劣电器、“三无”产品或无国家（）安全标志的电器产品A.强制性B.警示C.标识D.认可7.依据《安全生产法》规定，重大危险源是指长期地或者临时地生产、搬运、使用或者储存危险物品，且危险物品的数量等于或者超过（）的单元（包括场所和设施）。
A.一定量B.临界量C.规定量D.规定量8.三类设备是指不属于一类设备、二类设备，本身价值较低，单机价值低于（）万元的设备。
A.10B.15C.209.设备操作人员因违反操作规程，出现人为损坏设备或造成（）的，根据损失情况决定处罚额度和其他责任。
A.较小损失B.中等损失C.较大损失10.后热是焊工立即将焊件加热( )度，保温2~6h后空冷。
A.150~200B.250~350C.500~65011.《劳动法》规定：劳动者在劳动过程中必须严格遵守（），对用人单位管理人员违章指挥、强令冒险作业，有权拒绝执行。
A.生产制度B.法律法规C.劳动法D.安全操作规程12.单位在营业期间，下列( )做法是错误的。
A.遮挡消防安全疏散指示标志B.在安全出口处设置疏散标志C.当营业场所人数过多时，限制进入人数13.施工单位( )依法对本单位的安全生产工作全面负责。
2023年考研数学一真题及答案
2023年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试数学（一）试题一、选择题：1-10小题，每小题5分，共50分，下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合要求的请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸指定位置上.（1）曲线1ln()1y x e x 的斜近线方程为：A.y x e B.1y x eC.y xD.1y x e（2）已知微分方程"'0y ay by 的解在(,) 上有界，则,a b 的取值范围为A.0,0a b B.0,0a b C.0,0a b D.0,0a b （3）设函数()y f x 由2||||sin x t t y t t确定，则A.()f x 连续，'(0)f 不存在B.'(0)f 不存在，()f x 在0x 处不连续C.'()f x 连续，"(0)f 不存在D."(0)f 存在，"()f x 在0x 处不连续（4）已知(1,2)n n a b n ，若级数1nn a与1nn b均收敛，则“1nn a绝对收敛”是“1nn b绝对收敛的”A.充分必要条件B.充分不必要条件C.必要不充分条件D.既不充分也不必要（5）已知n 阶矩阵,,A B C 满足ABC O ，E 为n 阶单位矩阵，记矩阵,,O A AB C E AB BC E O E AB O的秩分别为123,, ，则A.123 B.132 C.312D.213（6）下列矩阵中不能相似于对角阵的是A.11022003aB.1112003a aC.11020002aD.11022002a（7）已知向量1123 ，2211 ，1259 ，2101，若 既可由12, 线性表示，也可由12, 线性表示，则 ()A．33,4k k RB.35,10k k RC.11,2k k RD.15,8k k R（8）设随机变量X 服从参数为1的泊松分布，则 E X EX ()A.1eB.12C.2eD.1（9）设12,,...n X X X 为来自总体 2,N u的简单随机样本，12,,...mY Y Y来自总体2,2N u的简单随机样本,两样本之间相互独立，记11n i i X X n ，11m i i Y Y m ， 221111n ii S X X n ，222111mi i S Y Y m ，则（）A.2122,S F n m S B.21221,1S F n m S C. 21222,S F n m S D. 212221,1S F n m S（10）设12,X X 为取自总体2,N u 的简单随机样本，0 未知，若12ˆa XX 为 的一个无偏估计，则a （）A．2B.2C.D.二、填空题：11~16小题，每小题5分，共30分.请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上.（11）当0x 时，函数 2ln 1f x ax bx x 与 2cos x g x ex 是等价无穷小，则____ab （12）曲面222ln 1z x y x y在点 0,0,0处的切平面方程为________（13）设 f x 为周期为2的周期函数，且 1,0,1f x x x ，若 0212n n a f x a，则21nn a________.（14）设连续函数 f x 满足： 2f x f x x ，20f x dx，则 31f x dx _______.（15）已知向量11011 ，21101 ，30111 ，1111，112233k k k ，若(1,2,3)T T i i i 222123k k k 则________.（16）则随机变量X 与Y 相互独立，111,,Y 2,32X B B则 P X Y ______.三、解答题：17~22小题，共70分.请将解答写在答题纸指定位置上，解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17.（本题满分12分）设曲线L: (x 0)y y x 经过点 1,2，L 上任意一点 x,y P 到y 轴的距离等于该点处的切线在y 轴上的截距（1）求 y x （2）求函数 x1=f x y t dt 在 0, 的最大值18.（本题满分12分）求函数23(,)()()f x y y x y x 的极值19.（本题满分12分）设空间有界区域 由柱面221x y 与平面0z 和1x z 围成， 为 的边界曲面，取外侧，求2cos 3sin I xzdydz xz ydzdx yz xdxdy.20.（本题满分12分）设()f x 在 ,a a 上具有2阶连续导数，证明：（1）(0)0f ，则存在(,)a a ，使得 21''()()()f f a f a a；（2）若()f x 在(,)a a 内取得极值，则存在(,)a a ，使得21|''()|()()2f f a f a a21.已知二次型2221231231213(,,)2222f x x x x x x x x x x ，满足对任意22212312323(y ,y ,y )2g y y y y y .（1）求可逆变换x Py ，将123(,,)f x x x 化为123(y ,y ,y )g （2）是否存在正交变换，将123(,,)f x x x 化为123(y ,y ,y )g 22.设二维随机变量 ,X Y 的概率密度为 22222+y +y 1,0x x f x y，，其他（1）求X,Y 的协方差（2）X,Y 是否相互独立（3）求22Z X Y 的概率密度2023年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试数学（一）试题解析一、选择题：1-10小题，每小题5分，共50分，下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合要求的请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸指定位置上.（1）【答案】：B【解析】：1ln()11lim lim limln(11x x x x e y x k e x x x）11lim()lim[ln()]lim [ln()1]11x x x b y kx x e x x e x x11lim ln[1]lim (1)(1)x x x x e x e x e所以斜渐近线方程为：1y x e（2）【答案】：C 【解析】：微分方程"'0y ay by 的特征方程为20a b ，当240a b 时，特征方程有2个不同的实数根12, ，则12, 至少有一个不等于零，若12,C C 都不为零，则微分方程的解1212x xy C e C e 在(,) 无界当240a b ，特征方程有2个相等的实根，1,22a若20C ，则微分方程的解212()a x y C C x e在(,) 无界当240a b时，特征方程的根为1,222a i则通解为：212(cos sin )22ax y eC C 此时，要使微分方程的解在在(,) 有界，则0a ，再由240a b 知0b （3）【答案】：C 【解析】：1）当0t 时，3sin cos ,sin 3x t dy t t ty t t dx；当0t 时，,sin sin sin x t dyt t t y t t dx；当0t 时，因为'00()(0)sin (0)lim lim 03x t f x f t tf x t'00()(0)sin (0)lim lim 0x t f x f t t f x t所以'(0)0f 2）0sin cos lim '()lim 0'(0)3x t t t t f x f；'00sin cos lim '()lim 0(0);3x t t t t f x f所以0lim '()'(0)0x f x f ，所以'()f x 在0x 处连续3）当0t 时，因为"00'()'(0)sin cos 2(0)lim lim 339x t f x f t t t f x t"00'()'(0)sin cos (0)lim lim 2x t f x f t t t f x t所以"(0)f 不存在（4）【答案】：A 【解析】由条件知1()nn n ba为收敛的正项级数，进而绝对收敛；设1nn a绝对收敛，则由||||||||n n n n n n n b b a a b a a ，由比较判别法知，得1nn b绝对收敛设1nn b绝对收敛，则由||||||||n n n n n n n a a b b b a b ，由比较判别法知，1nn a绝对收敛（5）答案：B 【解析】：对分块矩阵使用推广的初等行变换，注意到初等变换不改变矩阵的秩，如下：0000E A A E BC E BC E ，000A r r n BCE BC E，1n 00E C AB C AB E OE OE， 20ABC ABr r r AB n O E OE2E OE O E AB E AB AB E ABO OO OAB，则有： 2132E AB n r n r AB n r AB ABO（6）答案：D 【解析】：选项A 矩阵得特征值为三个不同得特征值，所以必可以相似对角化；选项B 矩阵为实对称矩阵，所以必定可以相似对角化选项C 矩阵得特征值为1，2，2，二重特征值的重数23(2)r C E ，所以必可以相似对角化选项D 矩阵的特征值为1，2，2,二重特征值的重数23(2)r D E ，所以不可相似对角化.（7）【答案】：D【解析】：根据题意，即是存在1234,,,k k k k ，使得11223344k k k k ，等价于求解12123434(,,,)0k k k k ,得到通解：12343111k k k k k，代入34,k k k k ，得到：15,8k k R（8）【答案】：C【解析】：由X服从参数为1的泊松分布，得到1EX ，1111110212211!!!!k k k k e e e e E X EX k e k e k k k k e（9）【答案】：D 【解析】：注意到：2212221222121222111,1,2211,11n S m S Z n Z m Z S n Z F n m Z S m（10）【答案】：A【解析】：注意到： 0,1Y N，根据：ˆ()E E a Y，则a，22222y y E Y y，解出2a二、填空题：11~16小题，每小题5分，共30分.请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上.（11）【解析】：注意到22220ln 1ln 11limlim1cos 11cos x x x x ax bx x x x bx x a e xe x，首先得到：1a ，另外根据等价无穷小替换， 2222001ln 12lim lim 1311cos 2x x x b x x x bx x e x，得到：2b ，则2ab （12）【解析】：切平面法向量为：''0,0,01211x y z n z，根据点法式方程，切平面方程为：2z x y （13）【解析】由 f x 展开为余弦级数知， f x 为偶函数，由傅里叶级数公式知122221cos cos 1n a x n xdx n n所以20n a ，21nn a（14）【解析】32323112122121111u+2u+21=++2=++x =2f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx f d f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx dx（15）【解析】11111222333123111130013T T T T T k k k k k k k同理：2311,3k k所以222123119k k k（16）【解析】由于11,3X B，所以x=0,1，1Y 2,2B，所以y=0,1,2 22012221111=0=0+=1=1=32323p X Y p X Y p X Y C C，，三、解答题：17~22小题，共70分.请将解答写在答题纸指定位置上，解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.（17）【解析】（1）曲线L 在点 x,y P 处的切线方程为'y=y (X -x)Y ，令X=0,切线在y 轴上的截距为'Y y xy ，即'11y y x，解得 ln y x x c x ，又经过点 1,2，所以c=2， 2ln y x x x （2）由（1）知 x1=2ln f x t t dt ， '=x 2-lnx 0f x ，得到驻点2x e，由单调性知 f x 的最大值在驻点处取得，最大值241544f ee .（18）【解析】'3'23(235)020x yf x y xy x f y x x得驻点为210(0,0),(1,1),(,)327，''32''''(235)(315),(23),2xx xy yy f y xy x x y x f x x f ，代入''''''0(0,0),02xx xyyy A f B f C f，则20AC B ，充分条件无法判断，利用定义法，当0x 时，取232332355(0),(,)()()[(1)](),y x kx k f x y y x y x kx x k x kx o x 则555500(,)()lim lim x x f x y kx o x k x x，由极限的局部保号性：0,(,0)x 时，(,)0f x y ，(0,)x时，(,)0f x y ，故在(0,0)处(,)f x y 不取极值；代入''''''12(1,1),52xx xy yy A f B f C f，则20AC B ，所以在(1,1)处(,)f x y 不取极值；代入''''''100272108(,32732xx xy yyA fB fC f，则20AC B ，且0A 所以在210(,)327处(,)f x y 取极小值4729.（19）【解析】利用高斯公式得102122320(2sin 3sin )2dz(1)cos 54xyxyxyx D D D I z xz y y x dV dxdy z x dxdy x dxdy d r dr其中因为 关于yoz 对称，被积函数是x 的奇函数所以(sin 3sin )0I xz y y x dV，22:1xy D x y （20）【证明】（1）22111''()''()()(0)'(0)'(0),022f f f x f f x x f x x x 介于与之间，则222''()()'(0),(0,)2f f a f a a a ，233''()()'(0),,0)2f f a f a a a (-，则223()()''()''()2a f a f a f f ，由()f x 在 ,a a 上具有2阶连续导数，故()f x 在 32, 上具有2阶连续导数，所以()f x 在 32, 上必存在最大值M 和最小值m ，使得 231''()''()2m f f M由介值定理存在存在 32,(,)a a ，使得 23211''()''()''()()()2f f f f a f a a，得证.（1）设()f x 在x x 点处取得极值，则0'()0f x ，221100000010''()''()()()'()())()(),22f f f x f x f x x x x x f x x x x x 介于与之间，220020''()()()(),,2f f a f x a x a x()，230030''()()()(),,2f f a f x a x a x()，222232003020''()''()1|()()||()()||''()|()|''()|()222f f f a f a a x a x f a x f a x 32(,),''()max{|''()|,|''()|}a a f f f ，故223020222001|()()||''()|()|''()|()2|''()|[()()]2|''()|2f a f a f a x f a x f a x a x a f命题得证。
(完整)一级安全教育试题及答案
（（完整））一级安全教育试题及答案一、判断题 (每题2分，共计40分)1.施工现场流动吸烟属于重大违章行为。
（）A、正确(正确答案)B、错误2.当现场有人发生异物穿透伤时，应立即将异物拔出。
（）A、正确B、错误(正确答案)3.在使用脚手架前要检查是否有验收标志，没有标志不能使用。
（）A、正确(正确答案)B、错误4.为了工作方便，高处作业时可以抛掷物体。
（）A、正确B、错误(正确答案)5.核电施工证经过双方协商同意，可以将施工证暂时借给其他工友使用。
（）A、正确B、错误(正确答案)6.施工用梯子可以自行生产，牢固即可。
（）A、正确B、错误(正确答案)7.中暑的人员应立即脱离热湿环境、降低体温、补充水份。
（）A、正确(正确答案)B、错误8.毒蛇咬伤后，伤员要采取自救互救，不应该拔腿就往医院跑。
( )A、正确(正确答案)B、错误9.施工人员安全帽、安全带、安全网称为救命“三宝”。
（）A、正确(正确答案)B、错误10.高处作业人员使用安全带时,必须系挂在作业上部的牢靠处,高挂低用。
（）A、正确(正确答案)B、错误11.其他普通工种只要经过本单位的培训授权，也可无证从事特种作业。
（）A、正确B、错误(正确答案)12.高处临边作业工具应固定，以防坠物落下。
（）A、正确(正确答案)B、错误13.在进入施工现场时，必须穿戴适当的基本个人防护用品，包括:安全帽、工作服、安全鞋等。
（）A、正确(正确答案)B、错误14.在施工现场，不该自己干的工作不做，不是自己作业范围内的设备及工具不碰、不动。
（）A、正确(正确答案)B、错误15.穿过现场脚手架搭、拆作业，起重作业等控制区时快速通过即可。
（）A、正确B、错误(正确答案)16.从业人员在作业过程中，应当严格遵守本单位的安全生产规章制度和操作规程，服从管理，正确佩戴和使用防护用品。
（）A、正确(正确答案)B、错误17.当我们收到违章指挥或强令冒险作业时我们遵守执行.( )A、正确B、错误(正确答案)18.一般认为环境温度超过40℃时，人员即有中暑风险。
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1试题及(答案)三个办法一个指引知识考试测试题（一）一、单项选择题：(25分，每题0.5)1、固定资产贷款单笔金额超过超过项目总投资___超过___万元人民币的贷款资金支付，应采用贷款人受托支付方式。
( C ) 。
A、5%，300B、10%，300C、5%，500D、10%，5002、《流动资金贷款管理暂行办法》的核心指导思想是( B )。
A、授信条件B、需求测算C、支付方式3、( B )是指对现有企、事业单位原有设施进行技术改造(包括固定资产更新)以及相应配套的辅助性生产、生产福利设施等工程和有关工作。
A、基本建设贷款B、技术改造贷款C、项目融资D、流动资金贷款4、商业银行的贷款余额与存款余额的比例应符合下列哪项条件？A、不得低于25%B、不得低于10%C、不得超过50%D、不得超过75% 答案：D5、任何单位和个人购买商业银行股份总额多大比率以上的，应事先经中国人民银行批准？A、5%B、8%C、10%D、15% 答案：C6、在下列哪种情况下，中国人民银行可以对商业银行实施接管？A、严重违法经营B、重大违约行为C、可能发生信用危机D、擅自开办新业务答案：C7、李先生在2007年2月1日存入一笔1 000元的活期存款，3月1日取出全部本金，如果按照积数计息法计算，假设年利率为0.72％，扣除20％利息税后，他能取回的全部金额是( )。
A、1000.60元B、1000.56元C、1000.48元D、1000.45元答案：D8、( )又叫做辛迪加贷款。
A、流动资金循环贷款B、银团贷款C、贸易融资贷款D、项目贷款答案：B9、制定营销策略是银行( )的职责。
A、总行B、分行C、支行D、以上都行答案：A10、国家助学贷款的贷款对象不包括( )。
答案：BA、北京市普通高等学校中经济确实困难的全日制本科生B、天津市普通高等学校中经济确实困难的在职研究生C、上海市普通高等学校中经济确实困难的全日制高职生D、广东省普通高等学校中经济确实困难的全日制研究生11、( )是基于银行同客户的现有关系，向客户推荐银行的其他产品。
答案：CA、情感营销B、分层营销C、交叉营销D、单一营销12、个人教育贷款在贷款审查和审批环节中的风险点不包括( )。
A.业务不合规，业务风险与效益不匹配18、个人汽车贷款的借款人需要调整借款期限的前提条件不包括( )。
A.无欠息B.贷款未到期C.信用记录良好D.无拖欠本金，本期本金已归还答案：C19、以下关于个人住房贷款担保方式规定不正确的是( )。
A.在个人住房贷款业务中，采取的担保方式以抵押担保为主B.在未实现抵押登记前，普遍采取抵押加阶段性保证的方式C.在一手房贷款中，在房屋办妥抵押登记前，一般由开发商或担保机构承担阶段性保证责任D.在二手房贷款中，一般由中介结构或担保机构承担阶段性保证的责任答案：C20、为了有效规避有担保流动资金贷款保证人还款能力发生变化的风险，贷款银行应当( )。
答案：BA.保证人信用等级不能高于借款人B.选择信用等级高、还款能力强的保证人C.接受股东之间和家庭成员之间的单纯第三方保证方式D.具有正当的职业和稳定的经济收入，具有按期偿还贷款本息的能力21、个人征信查询系统中，( )涵盖了信用卡与贷款的明细等情况。
A.个人身份信息B.信用交易信息C.个人职业信息D.居住信息答案：B22、在个人住房贷款业务中，担保公司的“担保放大倍数”是指( )。
A.担保公司对外提供担保的余额和自身实收资本的倍数B.担保公司向银行的贷款和自身实收资本的倍数C.担保公司提供给借款者的贷款和自身实收资本的倍数D.担保公司的营业收入和自身实收资本的倍数答案：A23、采用主导式定位方式的银行( )、A、在市场上占有极大的份额B、刚刚开始经营或刚刚进入市场C、分支机构不多D、资产规模中等答案：A24、公积金个人住房贷款业务的操作模式不包括( )。
A、银行受理，公积金管理中心审核审批，银行操作B、公积金管理中心受理、审核审批，银行操作C、公积金管理中心受理，银行审核审批，银行操作D、公积金管理中心和承办银行联动答案：C25、到期一次还本法适用于( )的贷款。
答案：AA、期限在一年以内B、期限在十年以上C、收入不稳定D、自身财务规划能力较强的客户26、个人住房担保贷款管理试行办法》于( )颁布。
答案：DA、1980年B、1985年C、1995年D、1998年27、对借款人所购车辆为自用车的，个人汽车贷款额度不得超过所购汽车价格的( )。
答案：AA、80%B、70%C、60%D、50%28、有担保流动资金贷款的利率不得低于中国人民银行规定的同期同档次利率的( )倍。
A、1B、1.1C、2D、2.1 答案：B29、个人经营专项贷款的还款来源是( )A、由经营产生的现金流B、个人控制企业的利润C、个人控制企业的固定资产折旧D、个人控制企业的经营现金收入答案：A30、下列不属于商用房贷款信用风险主要内容的是()。
A、借款人还款能力发生变化B、商用房出租情况发生变化C、保证人还款能力发生变化D、贷款人资金状况发生变化答案：D31、“三个办法一个指引”规定的基本贷款流程中未包括下列哪个环节（C）A、风险评价B、贷款发放与支付C 、贷款限额管理 D、贷后管理32、贷款新规规定的固定资产贷款的受托支付最低标准是（D）A、单笔金额超过50万元的贷款资金支付B 、单笔金额超过500万元的贷款资金支付C 单笔金额超过500万元，或超过项目总投资5％的贷款资金支付D单笔金额超过500万元，或超过项目总投资5％且超过50万元的贷款资金支付33、流动资金贷款风险管理的核心要求是（D）A、贷款人受托支付B、面谈面签C 、完善贷款合同管理 D、合理确定流动资金贷款需求量34、除特殊情形外，个人贷款资金应采取哪种方式向借款人交易对象支付（A）A、贷款人受托支付B、借款人自主支付C、当事人约定的支付方式D、按贷款用途分别适用相关贷款管理办法的规定35、“参照本办法执行”的含义是（C）A、可以不执行B、需要遵守办法规定的各项要求C、具备执行条件的，要执行；不具备执行条件的，可暂不执行D、可依据贷款人的意愿执行36、信贷管理的主要策略不包括（C）A、信贷风险预防策略B、信贷风险分散策略C、信贷风险衍生策略D、信贷风险转移策略37、下列贷款中不属于固定资产贷款的品种有（D）A、房地产开发贷款B、土地储备贷款C、项目融资D、贸易融资38、下列说法正确的是（A）A《流动资金贷款管理暂行办法》自发布之日起施行B《固定资产贷款管理暂行办法》自发布之日起施行C《个人贷款管理暂行办法》自发布之日起三个月后施行D《项目融资业务指引》自2009年11月1日起施行39、有关“专门账户”说法正确的是（C）A专门账户就是《人民币结算账户管理办法》中的专用账户B 专门账户不是专用账户C 专门账户可以是专用账户，也可以是一般结算账户D 银行只能为控制贷款资金发放而要求借款人开立专门账户40、银团贷款的支付管理与控制由（B）负责A、牵头行B、代理行C、参加行D、各银团贷款成员共同约定的任一成员行41、实行贷款人受托支付方式的贷款资金原则上应在（A）通过借款人账户支付给借款人交易对手A、贷款发放当天B、贷款发放两天内C、贷款发放后1周内D、没有明确的时间限制42、采用贷款人受托支付的，贷款人应在_____审核借款人相关交易资料是否符合合同约定条件。
（A）A、贷款资金发放前B、贷款资金支付时C、贷款资金支付后D、什么时候都可以43、固定资产贷款发放和支付过程中，贷款人应确认____的项目资本金足额到位，并与贷款配套使用。
（B）A、高于拟发放贷款B、与拟发放贷款同比例C、略低于拟发放贷款D、全部44、贷款应完善固定资产贷款内控机制，实行贷款（D）管理。
A、目标B、责任C、全风险D、全流程45、贷款人应将固定资产贷款纳入对借款人及借款人所在集团客户的统一授信（ C ）管理。
A、目标B、比例C、度D、时间46、（ D ）依照本办法对贷款人固定资产贷款业务实施监督管理。
A、国资委B、审计署C、人民银行D、银行业监督管理机构47、借款人向贷款人申请固定资产贷款时，应（ C ）所提供材料真实、完整、有效。
A、保证B、公正C、承诺D、告知48、贷款人应在合同中与借款人约定提款条件以及贷款资金支付接受（C ）管理和控制等与贷款使用相关的条款A、监管部门B、审计部门C、贷款人D、内审部门49、贷款人在合同中与借款人约定的提款条件应包括与贷款同比例的（A ）已足额到位、项目实际进度与已投资额相匹配等要求。
A、资本金B、违约金C、保证金D、准备金50、贷款人应在合同中与借款人约定对借款人相关账户实施（ B ）A、管理B、监控C、指导D、约束二、多项选择(25分，每题1分)1、在固定资产发放和支付过程中，借款人出现以下情形的，贷款人应与借款人协商贷款发放和支付条件，或按合同约定停止贷款贷款资金的发放和支付：( ABCD )A、信用状况下降B、不按合同约定支付贷款资金C、项目进度落后于资金使用进度D、违反合同约定，以化整为零方式规避贷款人受托支付的2、具有下列情形之一的流动资金贷款，原则上应采用贷款人受托支付：( ABC )A、与借款人新建立信贷业务关系且借款人信用状况一般B、支付对象明确且单笔支付金额较大C、贷款人认定的其他情形3、具有下列情形之一的个人贷款，经贷款人同意可采取借款人自主支付：( ACEF )A、借款人无法事先确定具体交易对象且金额不超过三十万元人人民币的B、借款人无法事先确定具体交易对象且金额不超过五十万元人人民币的C、借款人交易对象不具备有效使用非现金结算方式的D、贷款资金用于生产经营且金额不超过三十万元人人民币的E、贷款资金用于生产经营且金额不超过五十万元人人民币的F、法律规定的其他情形4、下列说法正确的是：( AC )A、一年以内(含)个人贷款，展期期限累计不得超过原贷款期限。
B、一年以内(含)个人贷款，展期期限累计不得超过原贷款期限的一半C、一年以上的个人贷款，展期期限与原贷款期限相加，不得超过该贷款品种规定最长贷款期限。
D、一年以上的个人贷款，展期期限与原贷款期限相加，不得超过该贷款品种规定最长贷款期限的一半。
5、贷款人应与流动资金借款人在借款合同中约定的支付条款，应包括以下内容， ( ABDE )A、贷款资金的支付方式和贷款人受托支付的金额标准B、支付方式变更及触发变更条件C、贷款期限和利率D、贷款资金支付的限制、禁止行为E、借款人应及时提供的贷款资金使用记录和资料6、商业银行发放贷款必须做一以哪些选项所述内容？（ BC ）A、借款人必须提供担保B、必须订立书面借款合同C、必须在中国人民银行规定的利率幅度内确定贷款利率D、期限不能超过10年7、个人贷款的对象要求( AC )。