1.3.2 2012-2014 AUDIT SCHEDULE Blank
CISA考试练习(习题卷5)
CISA考试练习(习题卷5)第1部分：单项选择题，共100题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。
1.[单选题]以下哪项提供了对平衡计分卡的最好的解释？A)被用于标杆到目标服务水平。
B)被用于度量提供给客户的IT 服务的效果。
C)验证组织的战略和IT 服务的匹配。
D)度量帮助台职员的绩效。
答案:C解析:平衡计分卡被用于匹配组织的战略和IT 服务。
2.[单选题]以下哪项在实施信息系统审计计划时是最重要的？A)查阅以前审计的审计发现B)设计一个对数据中心设施物理安全的审计计划C)查阅信息系统政策和程序D)进行风险评估答案:D解析:3.[单选题]某组织正在实施企业资源规划(ERP)应用程序。
为确保项目按计划进行并取得预期结果，准应该对项目的监督工作负主要贵任?A)项目发起人B)系统开发项目团队(SDPT)C)项目督导委员会D)用户项目团队(UPT)答案:C解析:A.通常，项目发起人就是负责主要业务部门(应用程序将提供支持的部门)的高级经理。
项目发起人为项目提供资金，并与项目经理密切合作，确定项目的关键成功因素或指标。
项目发起人不负责审查项目进度。
B.系统开发项目团队(SDPT)完成分配的任务、遵照项目经理的指示工作，并与用户项目团队进行沟通。
SDPT不负责审查项目进度。
C.为企业资源规划(ERP)实施项目提供总体指导的项目督导委员会负责项目进度审查，以确保取得预期结果。
D.用户项目团队(UPT)完成分配的任务、与系统开发团队进行有效的沟通，并根据项目经理的建议进行工作。
UPT不负责审查项目进度4.[单选题]以下哪种实施模式会为连接到互联网的出站数据提供最大程度的安全性？A)具有身份认证头（AH)和封装安全负载(ESP）的传输模式B)安全套接字层(SSL)模式C)具有AH和ESP的隧道模式D)三重数据加密标准（三重DES）加密模式答案:C解析:隧道模式可为整个IP数据包提供保护。
为达到此目的，AH和ESP服务可以是嵌套的。
专业采购英语词汇
组装、冲压、喷漆等专业词汇Assembly line组装线 Layout布置图 Conveyer流水线物料板Rivet table拉钉机 Rivet gun拉钉枪 bolt螺栓 Screw driver起子 driller钻孔床Pneumatic screw driver气动起子 pedal踩踏板 fasten锁紧(螺丝)supervisor 课长 rear plate后板 fuse together熔合MT制造生技 left fork叉车ME制造工程师 chassis 基座 Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键thumb screw大头螺丝 front plate前板 Tiana天那水reset button重置键 Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试sheet metal parts 冲件 material check list物料检查表carton纸箱 sub-line支线 personnel resource department 人力资源部 bezel panel面板stamping factory冲压厂 painting factory烤漆厂 molding factory成型厂 common equipment常用设备robot机械手 lathe车床 production department生产部门 planning department企划部planer 刨床 plastic parts塑胶件 miller铣床 grinder磨床staker=reviting machine铆合机 factory director厂长 position职务 cleaning cloth抹布deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长 group leader/supervisor组长to move, to carry, to handle搬运 to unload material卸料 to return material/stock to退料pack packing包装to file burr 锉毛刺 final inspection终检 to connect material接料material上料 chain链条deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良education and training教育与训练 proposal improvement提案改善administration/general affairs dept总务部 die locker锁模器 dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良automatic screwdriver电动启子 defective to staking铆合不良 embedded lump镶块defective product label不良标签 feeding is not in place送料不到位 stamping-missing漏冲identifying sheet list标示单 major defect主要缺陷 compound die合模 pressure plate=plate pinch压板flow board流水板 hydraulic handjack油压板车 forklift叉车 fingers割手套head of screwdriver起子头 mop拖把 welder电焊机 garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱 garbage bag垃圾袋 magnetizer加磁器production line流水线to clean a table擦桌子 packaging tool打包机 packaging打包 wrong part错件dimension/size is a little bigger尺寸偏大(小) operation procedure作业流程slipped screwhead/shippery screw thread滑手 gauge(or jig)治具burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边poor processing 制程不良 scratch划伤 basket蝴蝶竺 to revise, modify修订fold of pakaging belt打包带折皱 painting make-up补漆 discoloration羿色engineering工程 quality品质 QC品管 missing part漏件 to pull and stretch拉深enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects企划 equipment设备 approval examine and verify审核stop/switch off a press关机die change 换模 culture教养 (be)qualfied, up to grade合格qualified products, up-to-grade defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品 waste废料isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板 carton box纸箱 roll material卷料to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料 to impose lines压线not up to grade, not qualified不合格 evaluation评估 regulation整顿 to start a press开机material change, stock change材料变更 feature change 特性变更 parameters参数manufacture management制造管理 abnormal handling异常处理 consume, consumption消耗 failure, trouble故障engineering, project difficulty工程瓶颈 automation自动化 stage die工程模 shut die架模add lubricating oil加润滑油 vocabulary for stamping 冲压常词汇 die lifter举模器robot机械手 cylinder油缸taker取料机 inch寸动 conveyer belt输送带transmission rack输送架top stop上死点to continue, cont.连动 analog-mode device类模器to grip(material)吸料 location lump, locating piece, block stop 定位块reset复位 smoothly顺利 receive领取 upper die base上模座processing, to process加工 delivery, to deliver 交货 to collect, to gather收集registration card登记卡 to control管制 tolerance工差application form for purchase请购单 equipment设备 remark备注 mold成型 meeting type 会别abrasion磨损 statistics统计 to take apart a die卸下模具reverse angle = chamfer倒角 easily damaged parts易损件 die 模具 punched hole冲孔scratch刮伤 bottom stop下死点 dent压痕 one stroke一行程 filings铁削 conservation清洁模具工程常用词汇progressive die, follow (-on)die 连续模 compound die复合模 panel board镶块to pull, to stretch拉伸 engraving, to engrave刻印 Line streching, line pulling线拉伸 to stake铆合designing, to design设计 folded block折弯块 sliding block滑块 die block模块 location pin定位销design modification设计变化 die plate, front board模板 padding block垫块 bolt螺栓upper padding plate blank上垫板 stepping bar垫条spare dies模具备品 work order工令to put file in order整理资料 spare tools location手工备品仓quantity of customs count 会计师盘,点数量 the first page第一联end-user/using unit(department)使用单位－(NHK厂区送财会部) first count初盘人summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表not included in physical inventory不列入盘点 work in progress product在制品 sample样品present members出席人员 decision items决议事项 chairman主席 conclusion结论pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日 production control confirmation生产确认approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办 to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工 total合计PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表approved by核准stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表 on-hand inventory现有库存 available material良品可使用type形态 item/group/class类别 quality品质 prepared by制表year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表raw materials原料 finished product成品 semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品 skid/pallet栈板 cause analysis原因分析tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割 EDM放电机coil stock卷料 sheet stock片料 cover plate盖板pilot导正筒 drag form压锻差 expansion dwg展开图radius半径 molding成型 slug hole废料孔 feature die公母模 shim(wedge)楔子 button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子 active plate活动板 female die母模 male die公模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块factor系数main manifold主集流脉 bezel斜视规 blanking穿落模alkaline etch龄咬 fillet镶;嵌边 part number/P/N料号 good products良品 assembly组装desmut剥黑膜 drill铝 scraped products报放心品 club car高尔夫球车 under cut=scrap chopper清角 capability能力 parameter参数Anodize阳性处理 seal封孔 blinster气泡 short射料不足 quenching淬火 tempering回火barcode条码 volatile挥发性 flow chart流程表单 poly-line多义线 convex凹 degate打浇口 concave凸induction light感应光 ram连杆 cold slug冷块 cam driver铡楔response=reaction=interaction感应 derusting machine除锈机edge finder巡边器 nick缺口 sand blasting喷沙 speck瑕疵 gas mark焦痕shine亮班 splay 银纹 satin texture段面咬花gouge沟槽;凿槽 delamination起鳞 velocity速度cushion缓冲 metal plate钣金 magnesium镁金 magnalium镁铝合金annealing退火 coordinate座标 carbonization碳化 alloy合金 thermocouple热电偶模具工程类plain die简易模 pierce die冲孔模 forming die成型模 pin销 wire spring圆线弹簧riveting die铆合模 pierce冲孔 bending折弯trim切边 deburr or coin压毛边 dome凸圆 groove压线tick-mark farside反面压印 stamp letter冲字(料号)lathe车 die structure dwg模具结构图 procedure dwg工程图press specification冲床规格die height range适用模高五金零件类inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉 dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧guide pin导正销 outer guiding post外导柱 located pin定位销模板类top block上垫脚 punch pad上垫板 top plate上托板punch holder上夹板 stripper pad脱料背板 up stripper上脱料板male die公模(凸模) feature die公母模 die holder下夹板stripping plate内外打(脱料板) upper plate上模板lower plate下模板die set下模座 die pad下垫板 punch set上模座lower stripper下脱料板零件类punch冲头 slag well冷料井insert入块(嵌入件)special shape punch异形冲子r ound punch圆冲子supporting block for location 定位支承块bushing bolck衬套cover plate盖板 guide pad导料块air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆 trimming punch切边冲子 stiffening rib punch = stinger 加强筋冲子 ribbon punch压筋冲子 reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板sliding block滑块 active plate活动板 lower sliding plate下滑块板upper holder block上压块 upper mid plate上中间板spring box弹簧箱 spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶塑件&模具相关英文compre sion molding压缩成型plsitive mold挤压式模具 split mold分割式模具 cavity型控母模 core模心公模 welding mark溶合痕taper锥拔 leather cloak仿皮革shiver饰纹 flow mark流痕cylinder汽缸套 chip细碎物handle mold手持式模具移转成型用模具encapsulation molding低压封装成型射出成型用模具well type蓄料井 insulated runner绝缘浇道方式hot runner热浇道 cold slag冷料渣h=0.02~0.05mm w=3.2mmL=3~5mm welding line熔合痕 sleave套筒eject pin顶出针knock pin顶出销return pin回位销反顶针insert core放置入子runner stripper plate浇道脱料板subzero深冷处理 three plate三极式模具 runner system浇道系统stress crack应力电裂 orientation定向sprue gate射料浇口，直浇口sprue lock pin料头钩销(拉料杆) tab gate搭接浇口dish gate因盘形浇口fan gate扇形浇口H=F=1/2t~1/5t T=2.5~3.5mm d iaphragm gate隔膜浇口tunnel gate隧道式浇口pin gate针点浇口品质人员名称类QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control 终点品质管制人员OQC output quality control 最终出货品质管制人员POC passage quality control 段检人员 air vent排气道QE quality engineering 品质工程人员品质保证类FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查TVR tool verification report 模具确认报告 3B 3B 模具正式投产前确认CP capability index 能力指数CPK capability index of process 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality 合格供应商品质评估OOBA out of box audit 开箱检查 8 disciplines 8项回复内容FQC运作类S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收品质水准CR Critical 极严重的AOQ Average Output Quality 平均出厂品质AOQL Average Output Quality Level 平均出厂品质 TYP Type 类型Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 品质/可靠度服务UAI Use As It 首件检查报告L/N Lot Number 特采PPM Percent Per Million 批号FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 百万分之一制程统计品管专类SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制AR Averary Range 全距平均值SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计品质管制R Range 全距DIM Dimension 尺寸UCL Upper Central Limit 管制上限MAX Maximum 最大值其它品质术语类QIT Quality Improvement Team 品质改善小组QCC Quality Control Circle 品质圈PDCA Plan Do Check Action 计划执行检查总结ZD Zero Defect 零缺点QP Quality Policy 目标方针QAN Quality Amelionrate Notice 品质改善活动TQM Total Quality Management 全面品质管理MRB Material Reject Bill 退货单 LQL Limiting Quality Level 最低品质水准QT Quality Target 品质目标 7QCTools 7 Quality Controll Tools 品管七大手法通用之件类PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划ECN Engineering Change Notes 工程变更通知(供应商)IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知系统文件类QC Quality System 品质系统CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件CMCS C-China M-Manufact C-Compaq S-Stamping CQCA Q-Quality A-Assembly Compaq产品在龙华组装厂品管作业规范CQCP P-Painting Compaq产品在龙华烤漆厂品管作业规范部类PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织MC Material Control 物料控制GS General Specification 一般规格A/C Accountant Dept 会计部QE Quality Engineering 品质工程(部)P/A Personal & Administration 人事行政部PD Product Department 生产部 P Painting 烤漆(厂)QA Quality Assurance 品质保证(处) S Stamping 冲压(厂)R&D Research & Design 设计开发部QC Quality Control 品质管制(课)生产类SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求PO Purchasing Order 采购订单D/C Date Code 生产日期码 PAL Pallet/skid 栈板 CTN Carton 卡通箱MO Manufacture Order 生产单其它OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原设备制造PCE Personal Computer Enclosure 个人电脑外设PC Personal Computer 个人电脑 CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器SGCC SGCC 热浸镀锌材料N/A Not Applicable 不适用OK Ok 好 NG Not Good 不行,不合格 C=0 Critical=0 极严重不允许 ESD Electry-static Discharge 静电排放5S 希腊语---- 整理,整顿,清扫,清洁,教养ATIN Attention 知会CC Carbon Copy 副本复印相关人员APP Approve 核准,认可,承认FDD Floppy Disk Drive 软碟机IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路CAD Computer Aid Design 计算机辅助设计WDR Weekly Delivery Requitement 周出货需求L/T Lead Time 前置时间(生产前准备时间 DT Desk Top 卧式(机箱)P/M Product Market 产品市场ASS'Y Assembly 装配,组装5WIH When,Where,Who,What,Why,How to 5M Man,Machine,Material,Method,Measurement 4MIH Man,Materia,Money,Method,Time 人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源) DQA Desigh Quality Assurance 设计品质保证SQA Strategy Quality Assurance 策略品质保证EMI Electronic Magnetion Inspect 高磁测试LRR Lot Rejeet Rate 批退率FMI Frequency Modulatim Inspect 高频测试MQA Manufacture Quality Assurance 制造品质保证B/M Boar/Molding(flat cable) CAM Computer AID ManufacturingDVD Digital Vedio Disk C/P Connector of PCABIOS Achanced Basic in put/output system 先进的基本输入/输出系统CMOS Complemeruary Metoll Oxide Semiconductor 互补金属氧化物半导体PDA Personal Digital Assistant 个人数字助理IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路MCA Micro Channel Architecture 微通道结构DIMM Dual in-line Memory Module 双项导通汇流组件FMEA Failure Mode Effectivenes 失效模式分析CAR Correction Action Report 改善报告NG Not Good 不良WPR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出货要求TBA To Be Design 待定,定缺D/C Drawing ChangePPM Parts Per Million 百万分之一TPM Total Production Maintenance 全面生产保养EMI Electrical-Music Industry 电子音乐工业MMC Maximum Material Condition MMS Maximum Material Size LMC Least Material Condition LMS Least Material Size模具技术用语各种模具常用成形方式compound molding 复合成形 rotary forging 回转锻造accurate die casting 精密压铸 powder forming 粉末成形compression molding 压缩成形 rotational molding 离心成形encapsulation molding 注入成形 sand mold casting 砂模铸造extrusion molding 挤出成形 shell casting 壳模铸造calendaring molding 压延成形 powder metal forging 粉末锻造foam forming ?泡成形 sinter forging 烧结锻造 forging roll 轧锻 six sides forging 六面锻造 profile die 轮廓模 slush molding 凝塑成形gravity casting 重力铸造lost wax casting 脱蜡铸造 matched mould thermal forming 对模热成形模hollow(blow) molding 中空(吹出)成形 squeeze casting 高压铸造 warm forging 温锻hot chamber die casting 热室压铸 swaging 挤锻 hot forging 热锻各式模具分类用语clod hobbing 冷挤压制模 louvering die 百叶窗冲切模bismuth mold 铋铸模 landed plunger mold 有肩柱塞式模具composite dies 复合模具 manifold die 分歧管模具button die 镶入式圆形凹模 loading shoe mold 料套式模具counter punch 反凸模 modular mold 组合式模具chill mold 冷硬用铸模 loose mold 活动式模具gypsum mold 石膏铸模 protable mold 手提式模具electroformed mold 电铸成形模 multi-gate mold 复式浇口模具ingot mold 钢锭模 punching die 落料模 lancing die 切口模 raising(embossing) 压花起伏成形 unit mold 单元式模具 universal mold 通用模具solid forging die 整体锻模 split forging die 拼合锻模extrusion die 挤出模 palletizing die 叠层模 buster 堵口split mold 双并式模具 sprueless mold 无注道残料模具blank through dies 漏件式落料模 porous mold 通气性模具squeezing die 挤压模 stretch form die 拉伸成形模single cavity mold 单腔模具three plates mold 三片式模具 trimming die 切边模segment mold 组合模 semi-positive mold 半全压式模具unscrewing mold 退扣式模具 yoke type die 轭型模hot-runner mold 热流道模具模具厂常用之标准零配件air vent vale 通气阀 anchor pin 锚梢casting lug 铸耳 cavity 模穴(模仁)blank holder 防皱压板 blanking die 落料冲头angular pin 角梢 baffle 调节阻板bolster 上下模板 bottom board 浇注底板 bolster 垫板bracket 托架 bumper block 缓冲块 casting ladle 浇注包cold punched nut 冷冲螺母 cooling spiral 螺旋冷却栓ball slider 球塞滑块 binder plate 压板 pressure die 压紧模die block 块形模体 die body 铸模座 dowel hole 导套孔die bush 合模衬套 die button 冲模母模die clamper 夹模器 die fastener 模具固定用零件die holder 母模固定板 die lip 模唇die plate 冲模板 die set 冲压模座direct gate 直接浇口 dog chuck 爪牙夹头dowel 定位梢clamping block 锁定块 coil spring 螺旋弹簧dowel pin 合模梢 dozzle 辅助浇口Compaq产品在龙华冲压厂制造作业规范膜形浇口 finish machined plate 角形模板 finish machined round plate 圆形模板 fixed bolster plate 固定侧模板 flanged pin 带凸缘? flash ga ejector pad 顶出垫 ejector pin 顶出梢floating punch 浮动冲头 gate 浇口goose neck 鹅颈管 guide bushing 引导衬套guide pin 导梢 guide post 引导柱guide plate 导板 guide rail 导轨head punch 顶?冲头 headless punch 直柄冲头heavily tapered solid 整体模蕊盒 hose nippler 管接头impact damper 缓冲器 injection ram 压射柱塞land 合模平坦面 land area 合模面lock block 压块 locking block 定位块 locking plate 定位板match plate 分型板lining 内衬 locating center punch 定位中心冲头locating pilot pin 定位导梢 locating ring 定位环 loose bush 活动衬套parting lock set 合模定位器 pass guide 穴型导板peened head punch 镶入式冲头 pilot pin 导? plate 衬板 pin gate 针尖浇口pre extrusion punch 顶挤冲头 punch 冲头 puncher 推杆 pusher pin 衬套梢 rack 机架 rapping rod 起模杆 retainer pin 嵌件梢runner ejector set 流道顶出器 runner lock pin 流道拉梢retainer plate 托料板 return pin 回位梢 ring gate 环型浇口re-entrant mold 凹入模screw plug 头塞 set screw 固定螺丝shedder 脱模装置 shoe 模座之上下模板 shoot 流道moving bolster plate 可动侧模板 one piece casting 整体铸件 parallel block 平行垫块 paring line 分模线shoulder bolt 肩部螺丝 skeleton 骨架 slag riser 冒渣口slide(slide core) 滑块sprue bushing 注道衬套 sprue bushing guide 注道导套 square nut 方螺帽stop collar 限位套 stop pin 止动梢stop ring 止动环 stopper 定位停止梢 straight pin 圆柱?stripper bolt 脱料螺栓support pillar 支撑支柱/顶出支柱 support pin 支撑梢 sweep templete 造模刮板stripper bushing 脱模衬套 stripper plate 剥料板 tab gate 辅助浇口taper key 推拔键 thrust pin 推力销vent 通气孔 wortle plate 拉丝模板模具常用之工作机械3D coordinate measurement 三次元量床 boring machine 搪孔机 cnc milling machine CNC铣床 contouring machine 轮廓锯床 copy grinding machine 仿形磨床 copy lathe 仿形车床 drilling machine ?孔机 engraving E.D.M. 雕模放置加工机 form grinding machine 成形磨床 shim 分隔片 roller 滚筒graphite machine 石墨加工机 horizontal boring machine 卧式搪孔机 runner 流道horizontal machine center 卧式加工制造中心 internal cylindrical machine 内圆磨床NC grinding machine NC磨床 NC programming system NC程式制作系统 planer 龙门刨床 NC lathe NC车床profile grinding machine 投影磨床 projection grinder 投影磨床 shaper 牛头刨床radial drilling machine 旋臂?床 drilling machine NC钻床surface grinder 平面磨床 turret lathe 转塔车床 universal tool grinding machine 万能工具磨床检验量测工具用语autocollimator 自动准直机 bench comparator 比长仪block gauge 块规 bore check 精密小测定器 caliper gauge 卡规 clearance gauge 间隙规digital micrometer 数位式测微计 feeler gauge 测隙规cylinder square 圆筒直尺 depth gauge 测深规inside calipers 内卡钳 inside micrometer 内分??卡interferometer 干涉仪 leveling block 平台 micrometer 测微计profile projector 轮廓光学投影仪 protractor 分角器 try machine 试模机 sine bar 正弦量规radius 半径 ring gauge 环规 square master 直角尺 stylus 触针 working gauge 工作量规telescopic gauge 伸缩性量规snap gauge 卡模 scale 位置刻度模具钢材alloy tool steel 合金工具钢 aluminium alloy 铝合金钢morse taper gauge 莫氏锥度量规 optical flat 光学平晶 optical parallel 光学平行 nonius 游标卡尺forging die steel 锻造模用钢 galvanized steel sheet 镀锌铁板 tungsten steel ?钢low manganese casting steel 低锰铸钢 marging steel 马式体高强度热处理钢 hard alloy steel 超硬合金钢 high speed tool steel 高速度工具钢martrix alloy 马特里斯合金 meehanite c meehanite metal 米汉纳铁 merchant iron 市售钢材bearing alloy 轴承合金 blister steel 浸碳钢 clad sheet 被覆板molybdenum high speed steel 钼系高速钢 molybdenum steel 钼钢 silicon steel sheet 矽钢板hot work die steel 热锻模用钢 low alloy tool steel 特殊工具钢tin plated steel sheet 镀锡铁板 tough pitch copper 韧铜stainless steel 不锈钢表面处理关连用语annealing 退火 anode effect 阳极效应 cementite 炭化铁age hardening 时效硬化 ageing 老化处理 coating 涂布被覆anodizing 阳极氧化处理 atomloy treatment 阿托木洛伊表面air hardening 气体硬化 air patenting 空气韧化austempering 奥氏体等温淬火 austenite 奥斯田体/奥氏体box carburizing 封箱渗碳 bright electroplating 辉面电镀barrel plating 滚镀 barrel tumbling 滚筒打光 blackening 染黑法carbide 炭化物 carburized case depth 浸碳硬化深层carburizing 渗碳 chemical plating 化学电镀 chemical vapor deposition 化学蒸镀creeping discharge 蠕缓放电 decarburization 脱碳处理bonderizing 磷酸盐皮膜处理 box annealing 箱型退火 decarburizing 脱碳退火 depth of hardening 硬化深层first stage annealing 第一段退火 flame hardening 火焰硬化 graphitizing 石墨退火ion carbonitriding 离子渗碳氮化 ion carburizing 离子渗碳处理 induction hardening 高周波硬化grain size 结晶粒度 granolite treatment 磷酸溶液热处理diffusion 扩散 diffusion annealing 扩散退火 embossing 压花hardenability curve 硬化性曲线 hardening 硬化 heat treatment 热处理 hot bath quenching 热浴淬火 hot dipping 热浸镀liquid honing 液体喷砂法 low temperature annealing 低温退火metallizing 真空涂膜 nitriding 氮化处理nitrocarburizing 软氮化 oil quenching 油淬化martensite 马氏体/硬化铁炭 metallikon 金属喷镀法 phosphating 磷酸盐皮膜处理 physical vapor d overheating 过热 pearlite 针尖组织 overageing 过老化controlled atmosphere 大气热处理 corner effect 锐角效应 comemtite 渗碳体flame treatment 火焰处理 full hardenabilit plasma nitriding 离子氮化 pre-annealing 预备退火segregation 偏析 selective hardening 部分淬火 sand blast 喷砂处理precipitation 析出 precipitation hardening 析出硬化 process annealing 制程退火 quench ageing 淬火老化 quench hardening 淬火 quenching crack 淬火裂痕 quenching distortion 淬火rust prevention 防蚀 salt bath quenching 盐浴淬火seasoning 时效处理 sintering 烧结处理second stage annealing 第二段退火 secular distortion 经年变形 reconditioning 再调质 shor single stage nitriding 等温渗氮 stabilizing treatment 安定化处理 straightening annealing 矫直退火 strain ageing 应变老化 stress relieving annealing 应力消除退火subzero treatment 生soaking 均热处理 softening 软化退火solution treatment 球状化退火 supercooling 过冷surface hardening 表面硬化处理 temper brittleness 回火脆性 thermal refining 调质处理 thermoechanical treatment 加工热处理tempering crack 回火裂痕 vacuum carbonitriding 真空渗碳氮化 vacuum carburizing 真空渗碳处理 time quenching 时间淬火 transformation 变态tufftride process 软氮化处理 under annealing 不完全退火residual stress 残留应力 retained austenite 残留奥 quenching stress 淬火应力 recrystallization 再结晶 press quenching vacuum nitriding 真空氮化 water quenching 水淬火wetout 浸润处理 normalizing 正常化焊接用语acetylene 乙炔 ampere 电流安培 angle welding 角焊gas shield 气体遮蔽 groove welding 起槽熔接 overlaying 堆焊argon arc welding 氩弧焊接 bare electrode 光熔接条cascade 阶叠熔接法 clad weld 被覆熔接 arc 电弧butt welding 对接焊接 camber 电弧弯曲hand face shield 手握面罩 hard facing 硬表面堆焊plug welding 塞孔熔接 positioned welding 正向熔接 seaming 接合pressure welding 压焊 propane gas cutting 丙烷气切割metal electrode insert gas welding MIG熔接 nugget 点焊熔核seam welding 流缝熔接 series seam welding 串联缝熔接pure nickel electrode 纯镍熔接条 reinforcement of weld 加强焊接spot welding 点焊接 stitch welding 针角焊接 spark 火花stud arc welding 电弧焊接 under laying 下部焊层 welding flux 焊剂void 焊接空隙 weld flow mark 焊接流痕 weld flush 缝凸起 weld line 焊接纹 welding 焊接welding distortion 焊接变形welding stress 熔接应变 welding torch 熔接气炬射出成形关联用语compound 混合料 daylight 开隙 gunk 料斗cull 残料废品 cure 凝固化cryptometer不透明度仪drycycletime空料试车周期时间 ductility 延性 elastomer 弹性体extruded bead sealing 压filler 充填剂 pellet 粒料breathing 排气cold slug 半凝式射出 colorant 著色剂 copolymer 共聚合体color matching 调色mould clamping force 锁模力 mould release agent 脱模剂granule 颗粒料film blowing 薄膜吹制法 floating platen 活动模板 foaming agent 发泡剂 gloss 光泽 isomer 同分异构物kneader 混合机 leveling agent 匀涂剂 matched die method 配合成形法 nozzle hot mark 热斑 hot stamping 烫印 injection ram 射出冲柱activator 活化剂 bag moulding 气胎施压成形bonding strength 黏合强度 caulking compound 填隙料 cell 气孔 color ma plasticizer 可塑剂 plunger 压料柱塞injection nozzle 射出喷嘴 injection plunger 射出柱塞porosity 孔隙率 post cure 後固化 resilience 回弹性 torpedo spreader 鱼雷形分流板take out device 取料装置 tie bar 拉杆 void content 空洞率shot cycle 射出循环 slip agent 光滑剂 transparency 透明性 oriented film 取向薄膜塑胶原料cellulose acetate 酸纤维素CA cellulose acetate butyrate 醋酸丁酸纤维素CAB acrylic 压克力 casein 酪素 composite material 复合材料 cresol resin 甲酚树脂CFengineering plastics 工程塑胶 epoxy resin 环氧树脂EP dially phthalate 苯二甲酸二烯丙酯 disperse reinforcement 分散性强化复合材料ethyl cellulose 乙基纤维素 ethylene vinylacetate copolymer 乙烯-醋酸乙烯EVA high density polyethylene 高密度聚乙烯HDPE high impact polystyrene 高冲击聚苯乙烯HIPS ethylene-vinlacetate copolyme 醋酸乙烯共聚物EVA expanded polystyrenelow density polyethylene 低密度聚乙烯LDPE melamine resin 三聚氰胺酚醛树脂MFpolyamide 耐龙PA polybutyleneterephthalate 聚对苯二甲酸丁酯PBT plastic 塑胶 polyacrylic acid 聚丙烯酸PAPpolymetylmethacrylate 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯PMMA polyoxymethylene 聚缩醛POMpolythene 聚乙烯PE polyurethane 聚氨基甲酸酯PU PP polystyrene 聚苯乙烯PSpolyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯PVC polyvinylfuoride 聚氟乙烯PVF polyvinylidenechloride 聚偏二氯乙烯PVDCprepolymer 预聚物 silicone resin 矽树脂 thermoplastic 热塑性 thermosetting 热固性成形不良用语color mottle 色斑 crazing 碎裂 ,龟裂 deformation 变形 fissure 裂纹 edge crack 裂边 fading 退色filler speak 填充料斑 edge 切边碎片 incrustation 水锈flange wrinkle 凸缘起皱flow mark 流痕 galling 毛边skin inclusion 表皮摺叠 burr 毛边 camber 翘曲grease pits 污斑 grinding defect 磨痕 mismatch 偏模cell 气泡 center buckle 表面中部波皱 check 细裂痕 checking 龟裂body wrinkle 侧壁皱纹 breaking-in 冒口带肉nick 割痕 orange peel 橘皮状表面缺陷overflow 溢流 peeling 剥离sweat out 冒汗 torsion 扭曲 whitening 白化 wrinkle 皱纹 pit 坑 pitting corrosion 点状腐蚀 indentation 压痕 scar 疤痕 scrap 废料pock 麻点 resin wear 树脂脱落chipping 修整表面缺陷 clamp-off 铸件凹痕 flaw 刮伤 corrosion 腐蚀 crack 裂痕collapse 塌陷sagging 松垂 saponification 皂化 scrap jam 废料阻塞aberration 色差 atomization ?化scuffing 深冲表面划伤 seam 裂痕 scratch 刮伤/划痕shock line 模口挤痕 short shot 充填不足 shrinkage pool 凹孔streak 条状痕 surface check 表面裂痕 sink mark 凹痕internal porosity 内部气孔模具常用刀具与工作法用语backing 衬垫 belt sander 带式打磨机 machine 倒角机chamfering tool 去角刀具 chisel 扁錾 concave cutter 凹面铣刀cross joint 十字接头 cutting edge clearance 刃口余隙角hexagon headed bolt 六角头螺栓 hexagon nut 六角螺帽 index head 分度头 drill stand 钻台 edge file 刃用锉刀 hatchin protable driller 手提钻孔机 punch 冲头 metal saw 金工锯chuck 夹具 compass 两角规scraper 刮刀 screw driver 螺丝起子 sand paper 砂纸convex cutter 凸形铣刀spanner 扳手 spline broach 方栓槽拉刀 scribing 划线square trowel 直角度square 直角尺 square sleeker 方形镘刀 stripping 剥离工具second out file 中纹锉电脑关联用语animation 卡通影片 application 应用 bug 故障 bus 汇流排3D modeling 三次元模拟 access 通路 board 基板 format 格式化 graphic 圆解 memory swap 交换记忆cassette 卡座 color display 彩色显示器 command 指令CAE 电脑辅助工程分析 CAM 电脑辅助制造 CAD 电脑辅助设计 tape 磁带 terminal 终端机communication 通信 database 资料库 modeling 造型eyelet 眼孔 floppy 磁碟片 simulation 模拟 software 软体compact 精简小型 computer 电脑 copy 复制 cursor 游标curve modeling 曲面模拟hardware 硬体 honeycomb 蜂巢 laser printer 雷射印表机lay out 布置 memory 记忆network 网路 new version 新版texture 构造 trim 修边 solid model 实体模型 system 系统 venter 排气风扇 program 程式 scanning 扫描各种冲模加工关连用语barreling 滚光加工 bending 弯曲加工 caulking ?合加工compression bending 押弯曲加工drawing with ironing 抽引光滑加工 embossing 浮花压制加工 knurling 滚花forming 成形加工cutting 切削加工 dinking 切断蕊骨 drawing 引伸加工extrusion 挤制加工 finishing 精整加工fine blanking 精密下料加工 finish blanking 光制下料加工progressive drawing 连续引伸加工 progressive forming 连续成形加工 louvering 百叶窗板加工 impact extrusion 冲击lock seaming 固定接合 marking 刻印加工 parting 分断加工indenting 压痕加工 ironing 引缩加工 necking 颈缩加工 progressive bending 连续弯曲加工 progressive blanking 连续下roll bending 滚筒弯曲加工 mouse 滑鼠 belling 压凸加工cam die bending 凸轮弯曲加工 coining 压印加工 crowning 凸面加工 filing 锉削加工roll finishing 滚压加工 rolling 压延加工 roughing 粗加工shearing 切断加工 sizing 精压加工/矫正加工 scrapless machining 无废料加工 clutch 离合器spinning 卷边?接 trimming 整缘加工 burring 冲缘加工curl bending 卷边弯曲加工冲压机械及周边关连用语column 圆柱 connection screw 连杆调节螺钉 clump 夹紧double crank press 双曲柄轴冲床 draght angle 逃料倾斜角 filling in 填砂crankless 无曲柄式 cross crank 横向曲轴 cushion 缓冲core compound 砂心黏结剂 counter blow hammer 对击锻锤die height 冲压闭合高度 die life 模具寿命 edging 边锻伸bottom slide press 下传动式压力机 board drop hammer 板落锤die opening 母模逃孔 die spotting press 调整冲模用压力机fly wheel brake 飞轮制动器feed length 送料长度 feed level 送料高度 feed 料斗送料brake 煞车 buckle 剥砂面film play 液面花纹 fine blanking press 精密下料冲床friction 摩擦 fly wheel 飞轮foot press 脚踏冲床 formboard 进模口板 frame 床身机架closed-die forging 合模锻造friction brake 摩擦煞车 gap shear 凹口剪床 gripper 夹具die assembly 合模 die cushion 模具缓冲垫 cradle 送料架depression 外缩凹孔die approach 模口角度unloader 卸料机 lower die 下模knockout 脱模装置 knuckle mechanic 转向机构notching press 冲缺口压力机 opening 排料逃孔roller feed 辊式送料 roller leveler 辊式矫直机 seamless forging 无缝锻造 shave 崩砂 shear angle 剪角pressfit 压入 progressive 连续送料 pinion 小齿轮motor 马达 moving bolster 活动工作台 level 水平robot 机器人 roll forming machine 辊轧成形loop controller 闭回路控制pusher feed 推杆式送料 pusher feeder 料片押片装置overload protection device 防超载装置 pinch roll 导正滚轮 blanking 反转下料isothermal forging 恒温锻造 key clutch 键quick die change system 快速换模系统 regrinding 再次研磨 pitch 节距gripper feeder 夹紧传送装置 releasing 松释动作 reversed micro inching device 微寸动装置 microinching equip rotary bender 卷弯成形机 safety guard 安全保护装置scrap cutter 废料切刀 scrap press 废料冲床 separate 分离sieve mesh 筛孔 sintering of sand 铸砂烧贴 pulse 脉冲shrinkage fit 收缩配合 shut height 闭合高度 traverse 摇臂strip feeder 料材送料装置 stripping pressure 弹出压力sheet loader 薄板装料机 shot 单行程工作 shank 柄部spin forming machine 旋压成形机 spotting 合模stroke 冲程 take out device 取料装置 transfer 传送unloader 卸载机 vibration feeder 振动送料机 straight side frame 冲床侧板 stretcher leveler 拉伸矫直机two speed clutch 双速离合器 uncoiler 闭卷送料机transfer feed 连续自动送料装置 turrent punch press 转塔冲床线切割放电加工关连用语graphite contraction allowance 电极缩小余量 graphite holder 电极夹座 dressing 修整hair crack 发裂 horn 电极臂discharge energy 放电能量chrome bronze 铭铜 clearance corner shear drop 直角压陷 deflection 桡曲度 slag 熔渣magnetic base 磁性座 jump 跳刀 arc discharge 电弧放电master graphite 标准电极 pipe graphite 管状电极 gap 间隙sharp edge 锐角部tough bronze 韧铜 tungsten bronze ?青铜 tap casting 顶注flange 凸缘 graphite 石墨锻铸造关连用语air set mold 常温自硬铸模 aerator 松砂机 buckle 剥砂面bleed 漏铸 blocker 预锻模膛base bullion 粗金属锭 base permeability 原砂透气度acid lining cupola 酸性熔铁炉 acid open-hearth furnace 酸性平炉blocking 粗胚锻件 blow hole 铸件气孔 billet 坏料core vent 砂蕊排气孔 corner gate 压边浇口 approach 模口角度 dummying 预锻board drop hammer 板落锤 bottom pour mold 底浇accretion 炉瘤 acid converter 酸性转炉 backing sand 背砂break-off core 缩颈砂心 brick molding 砌箱造模法depression 外缩凹孔 diechamotte sand 烧磨砂 charging hopper 加料漏斗cleaning of casting 铸件清理 closed-die forging 合模锻造core compound 砂心黏结剂 core template 砂心模板bottom pouring 底注 boxless mold 脱箱砂模 finishing slag 炼後熔渣 flash gutter 锻模飞边槽 pouring process 浇注法film play 液面花纹 erosion 冲砂 flask molding 砂箱造模counter blow hammer 对击锻造 counter lock 止口镶嵌方式forging roll 辊锻机 upender 翻转装置 hammer man 锻工draw out 锻造拔长 draw plate 起模板 draw spike 起模长针impacter 卧式锻造机 inblock cast 整体铸造 ingot blank 铸坯 inlay casting 镶铸法 investment casting 失模铸造roll rolled surface 轧制表面 unworked uphill casting 底铸 white cast iron 白口铸件 stickness 黏模性shut height 闭合高度 sieve mesh 筛孔 camber 错箱sintering of sand 铸砂烧贴 slag inclusion 夹渣 recasting 重铸 top gate 顶注浇口模具加工方法barrel 滚筒(加工) bending 波纹加工 cutting 外圆车削lapping 抛光/研磨修润 lathe cutting 车床车削 polishing 抛亮光electric discharge machine 放电加工 electrolytic grinding 电解研磨 filing 锉刀修润hand finishing 手工修润scaling 清除钢碇缺陷 shaping 成形加工 slotting 切缝切削 broaching 拉刀切削 centering 定中心 planning 刨削加工skiving 表面研磨 taper turning 锥度车削 thread cutting 螺纹切削 sawing 锯削学理实验与试验用语fatigue test 疲劳试验 ferrite 纯铁体 vitrified 陶瓷的Elmendorf test 埃罗门多撕裂强度试验 environmental stress cracking test 环境应力龟裂试验 ericessen test 埃留伸薄板histogram 柱状图 hot bend test 热弯试验 sinking 凹陷air permeability test 透气性试验 austenitic steel 沃斯田铁钢 gas vent 气孔。
ACCA F8 AA Audit and Assurance (AA) 笔记(二)
ACCA F8 AA Audit and Assurance (AA) 笔记（二）今天整理Threats and safeguard toindependence的题目，同样是需要分两栏，分别写出threats和safeguard这部分我们练四道题：2013 Dec Q4 (c)题目让我们找五个ethical risks 和对应的safeguards，与昨天介绍的recommendations 要对应weakness一样，safeguards 也要做到具体且有针对性。
考试时记得要分两栏写，这里为了方面大家看就用蓝色Ethical risk 黑色写 Steps to reduce the risks1. Salt & Pepper has guaranteed that their audit will not last longerthan two weeks and will minimize disruption to companies, which will bringaudits difficulties to gather sufficient andrisk类型写上）Salt & Pepper should cease thisadvertising campaign immediately as it is not in compliance with ACCA’s Code ofEthics and Conduct. The firm should inform the clients that the audit durationwill be based on the level of audit risk present2. Salt & Pepper has offered all new audit clients a free accountspreparation service for the first year of the engagement, which willincrease the risk of self-reviewSalt & Pepper must ensure that thiswork is undertaken by a team separate to the audit team.3. The firm is not updating engagement letters for existing clients, sothe engagement letters will not be reviewed to ensure that they are stillrelevant and up to date.Salt & Pepper should comply fully withISA 210 and annually review the need for revising the engagement letters.4. An existing client of Salt & Pepper has proposed an audit feebased on a percentage of the client’s final pre-tax profit. This is acontingent fee arrangement and is prohibited as it creates a self-interestthreat.Salt & Pepper should politely declinethe proposed contingent fee arrangement and inform the client that the feeswill be based on the level of work required to obtain sufficient andappropriate audit evidence.5. Salt & Pepper intends to use junior staff for the audit of their newclient as the timing of the audit is when the firm is very busy. Junior staffmay not be competent enough and the risk of giving an incorrect audit opinionis increased.Salt & Pepper should try to increasethe amount of experienced team members. If this is not possible, they shoulddiscuss with thedirectors of Cinnamon to see whether the timing of the auditcould be changed.6. Salt & Pepper has n ot contacted Cinnamon’s previous auditors. Inthis way Salt & Pepper cannot know the reasons why Cinnamon changed their auditors.They may have been acting unethically and their previous auditors thereforerefused to continue.Salt & Pepper should contact theprevious auditors to identify if there are any ethical issues which wouldprevent them from acting as auditors of Cinnamon.2014 Specimen Q1 (a)没有说明找几点的，一般是一分一点。
添加audit规则
添加audit规则在Linux系统中，audit是一个非常重要的安全工具，它可以记录系统中发生的各种事件，如用户登录、文件访问、进程启动等等。
通过对这些事件的记录和分析，可以帮助管理员及时发现系统中的安全问题，并采取相应的措施进行处理。
本文将介绍如何添加audit 规则来记录系统中的事件。
1. 安装audit在添加audit规则之前，需要先安装audit工具。
在大多数Linux 发行版中，audit都是默认安装的，如果没有安装，可以使用以下命令进行安装：```sudo apt-get install auditd```2. 添加audit规则添加audit规则的方法有很多种，这里介绍两种常用的方法。
方法一：使用auditctl命令添加规则auditctl是audit工具的一个命令行工具，可以用来添加、删除、修改audit规则。
以下是一个添加规则的示例：```sudo auditctl -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve```这个规则的含义是：每当有一个64位进程执行execve系统调用时，就会记录一条日志。
方法二：编辑audit规则文件audit规则文件位于/etc/audit/rules.d/目录下，可以使用文本编辑器进行编辑。
以下是一个添加规则的示例：```sudo nano /etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules```在文件中添加以下内容：```-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve```保存文件后，使用以下命令重启audit服务：```sudo service auditd restart```3. 查看audit日志添加了audit规则后，系统会自动记录相应的事件，并将日志保存在/var/log/audit/目录下。
可以使用以下命令查看audit日志：```sudo ausearch -m USER_LOGIN -ts today```这个命令的含义是：查找今天发生的所有用户登录事件。
药物临床试验英文词汇及缩写
药物临床试验英文缩写缩略语英文全称中文全称ADE Adverse Drug Event 药物不良事件ADR Adverse Drug Reaction 药物不良反应AE Adverse Event 不良事件AI Assistant Investigator 助理研究者BMI Body Mass Index 体质指数CI Co-investigator 合作研究者COI Coordinating Investigator 协调研究者CRC Clinical Research Coordinator 临床研究协调者CRF Case Report Form 病历报告表CRO Contract Research Organization 合同研究组织CSA Clinical Study Application 临床研究申请CTA Clinical Trial Application 临床试验申请CTX Clinical Trial Exemption 临床试验免责CTP Clinical Trial Protocol 临床试验方案CTR Clinical Trial Report 临床试验报告DSMB Data Safety and monitoring Board 数据安全及监控委员会EDC Electronic Data Capture 电子数据采集系统EDP Electronic Data Processing 电子数据处理系统FDA Food and Drug Administration 美国食品与药品管理局FR Final Report 总结报告GCP Good Clinical Practice 药物临床试验质量管理规范GCP Good Laboratory Practice 药物非临床试验质量管理规范GMP Good Manufacturing Practice 药品生产质量管理规范IB Investigator’s Brochure 研究者手册IC Informed Consent 知情同意ICF Informed Consent Form 知情同意书ICH International Conference on Harmonization 国际协调会议IDM Independent Data Monitoring 独立数据监察IDMC Independent Data Monitoring Committee 独立数据监察委员会IEC Independent Ethics Committee 独立伦理委员会IND Investigational New Drug 新药临床研究IRB Institutional Review Board 机构审查委员会IVD In Vitro Diagnostic 体外诊断IVRS Interactive V oice Response System 互动语音应答系统MA Marketing Approval/Authorization 上市许可证MCA Medicines Control Agency 英国药品监督局MHW Ministry of Health and Welfare 日本卫生福利部NDA New Drug Application 新药申请NEC New Drug Entity 新化学实体NIH National Institutes of Health 国家卫生研究所（美国）PI Principal Investigator 主要研究者PL Product License 产品许可证缩略语英文全称中文全称PMA Pre-market Approval (Application) 上市前许可（申请）PSI Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry 制药业统计学家协会QA Quality Assurance 质量保证QC Quality Control 质量控制RA Regulatory Authorities 监督管理部门SA Site Assessment 现场评估SAE Serious Adverse Event 严重不良事件SAP Statistical Analysis Plan 统计分析计划SAR Serious Adverse Reaction 严重不良反应SD Source Data/Document 原始数据/文件SD Subject Diary 受试者日记SFDA State Food and Drug Administration 国家食品药品监督管理局SDV Source Data Verification 原始数据核准SEL Subject Enrollment Log 受试者入选表SI Sub-investigator 助理研究者SI Sponsor-Investigator 申办研究者SIC Subject Identification Code 受试者识别代码SOP Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作规程SPL Study Personnel List 研究人员名单SSL Subject Screening Log 受试者筛选表T&R Test and Reference Product 受试和参比试剂UAE Unexpected Adverse Event 预料外不良事件WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织WHO-ICDRA WHO International Conference ofWHO国际药品管理当局会议Drug Regulatory Authorities药物临床试验英文缩写英文全称中文全称Accuracy 准确度Active control, AC 阳性对照活性对照Adverse drug reaction, ADR 药物不良反应Adverse event, AE 不良事件Adverse medical events 不良医学事件Adverse reaction 药物不良反应Alb 白蛋白ALD（Approximate Lethal Dose）近似致死剂量ALP 碱性磷酸酶Alpha spending function 消耗函数ALT 丙氨酸氨基转换酶Analysis sets 统计分析的数据集Approval 批准Assistant investigator 助理研究者AST 天门冬酸氨基转换酶ATR 衰减全反射法AUCss 稳态血药浓度－时间曲线下面积Audit 稽查Audit or inspection 稽查／视察Audit report 稽查报告Auditor 稽查员Bias 偏性偏倚Bioequivalence 生物等效应Blank control 空白对照Blind codes 编制盲底Blind review 盲态审核Blind review 盲态检查Blinding method 盲法Blinding/masking 盲法/设盲Block 层Block size 每段的长度Carryover effect 延滞效应Case history 病历Case report form/ case record form CRF 病例报告表病例记录表Categorical variable 分类变量Cav 平均浓度CD 圆二色谱CL 清除率Clinical equivalence 临床等效应Clinical study 临床研究Clinical study report 临床试验的总结报告Clinical trial 临床试验Clinical trial application CTA 临床试验申请Clinical trial exemption CTX 临床试验免责Clinical trial protocol CTP 临床试验方案Clinical trial/ study report 临床试验报告Cmax 峰浓度Co-investigator 合作研究者Comparison 对照Compliance 依从性Composite variable 复合变量Computer-assisted trial design CATD 计算机辅助试验设计Confidence interval 可信区间Confidence level 置信水平Consistency test 一致性检验Contract research organization CRO 合同研究组织Contract/ agreement 协议／合同Control group 对照组Coordinating committee 协调委员会Crea 肌酐CRF(case report form) 病例报告表Crossover design 交叉设计Cross-over Study 交叉研究Css 稳浓度Cure 痊愈Data management 数据管理Database 建立数据库Descriptive statistical analysis 描述性统计分析DF 波动系统Dichotomies 二分类Diviation 偏差Documentation 记录／文件Dose-reaction relation 剂量－反应关系Double dummy 双模拟Double dummy technique 双盲双模拟技术Drop out 脱落DSC 差示扫描热量计Effectiveness 疗效Electronic data capture EDC 电子数据采集系统Electronic data processing EDP 电子数据处理系统Emergency envelope 应急信件End point 终点Endpoint Criteria 终点指标Endpoint criteria/ measurement 终点指标Equivalence 等效性Essential Documentation 必需文件Ethics committee 伦理委员会Excellent 显效Exclusion criteria 排除标准Factorial design 析因设计Failure 无效失败Final point 终点Fixed-dose procedure 固定剂量法Forced titration 强制滴定Full analysis set 全分析集GC－FTIR 气相色谱－傅利叶红外联用GC－MS 气相色谱－质谱联用Generic drug 通用名药Global assessment variable 全局评价变量GLU 血糖Good clinical practice, GCP 药物临床试验质量管理规范Good manufacture practice, GMP 药品生产质量管理规范Good non-clinical laboratory practice, GLP 药物非临床研究质量管理规范Group sequential design 成组序贯设计Health economic evaluation, HEV 健康经济学评价Hypothesis test 假设检验Hypothesis testing 假设检验Improvement 好转Inclusion Criteria 入选表准Inclusion criteria 入选标准Independent ethics committee IEC 独立伦理委员会Information consent form ICF 知情同意书Information Gathering 信息收集Informed consent IC 知情同意Initial meeting 启动会议Inspection 检察/视察Institution inspection 机构检查Institution review board, IBR 机构审查委员会Intention-to –treat ITT 意向性分析(－统计学）Interactive voice response system IVRS 互动式语音应答系统Interim analysis 期中分析International Conference of Harmonization ICH 人用药品注册技术要求国际技术协调会国际协调会议Investigational Product 试验药物Investigator 研究者Investigator’s brochure, IB研究者手册Last observation carry forward, LOCF 最接近一次观察的结转LC－MS 液相色谱－质谱联用LD50 板数致死剂量LOCF, Last observation carry forward 最近一次观察的结转Logic check 逻辑检查LOQ (Limit of Quantization) 定量限Lost of follow up 失访Marketing approval/ authorization 上市许可证Matched pair 匹配配对Missing value 缺失值Mixed effect model 混合效应模式Monitor 监察员Monitoring 监查Monitoring Plan 监察计划Monitoring Report 监察报告MRT 平均滞留时间MS 质谱MS－MS 质谱－质谱联用MTD（Maximum Tolerated Dose）最大耐受剂量Multi-center Trial 多中心试验New chemical entity NCE 新化学实体New drug application NDA 新药申请NMR 核磁共振谱Non-clinical Study 非临床研究Non-inferiority 非劣效性Non-parametric statistics 非参数统计方法Obedience 依从性ODR 旋光光谱Open-label 非盲Optional titration 随意滴定Original medical record 原始医疗记录Outcome 结果Outcome Assessment 结果评价Outcome assessment 结果指标评价Outcome measurement 结果指标Outlier 离群值Parallel group design 平行组设计Parameter estimation 参数估计Parametric statistics 参数统计方法Patient file 病人档案Patient history 病历Per protocol PP 符合方案集Placebo 安慰剂Placebo control 安慰剂对照Polytomies 多分类Power 检验效能Precision 精密度Preclinical study 临床前研究Primary endpoint 主要终点Primary variable 主要变量Principle investigator PI 主要研究者Product license PL 产品许可证Protocol 试验方案Protocol Amendments 修正案Quality assurance QA 质量保证Quality assurance unit QAU 质量保证部门Quality control QC 质量控制Query list query form 应用疑问表Randomization 随机Range check 范围检查Rating scale 量表Reference Product 参比制剂Regulatory authorities RA 监督管理部门Replication 可重复RSD 日内和日间相对标准差Run in 准备期Safety evaluation 安全性评价Safety set 安全性评价的数据集Sample size 样本量样本大小Scale of ordered categorical ratings 有序分类指标Secondary variable 次要变量Sequence 试验次序Serious adverse event SAE 严重不良事件Serious adverse reaction SAR 严重不良反应Seriousness 严重性Severity 严重程度Severity 严重程度Significant level 检验水准Simple Randomization 简单随机Single blinding 单盲Site audit 试验机构稽查SOP 试验室的标准操作规程Source data SD 原始数据Source data verification SDV 原始数据核准Source document SD 原始文件Specificity 特异性Sponsor 申办者Sponsor-investigator 申办研究者Standard curve 标准曲线Standard operating procedure SOP 标准操作规程Statistic 统计量Statistical analysis plan 统计分析计划Statistical model 统计模型Statistical tables 统计分析表Stratified 分层Study Audit 研究稽查Study audit 研究稽查Study Site 研究中心Subgroup 亚组Sub-investigator 助理研究者Subject 受试者Subject 受试者Subject diary 受试者日记Subject Enrollment 受试者入选Subject enrollment log 受试者入选表Subject identification code SIC 受试者识别代码Subject Identification Code List 受试者识别代码表Subject Recruitment 受试者招募Subject screening log 受试者筛选表Superiority 检验Survival analysis 生存分析SXRD 单晶X－射线衍射System audit 系统稽查System Audit 系统稽查T1/2 消除半衰期Target variable 目标变量T－BIL 总胆红素T－CHO 总胆固醇Test Product 受试制剂TG 热重分析TLC、HPLC 制备色谱Tmax 峰时间TP 总蛋白Transformation 变量变换Treatment group 试验组Trial error 试验误差Trial Initial Meeting 试验启动会议Trial Master File 试验总档案Trial objective 试验目的Trial site 试验场所Triple blinding 三盲Two one-side test 双单侧检验Un-blinding 揭盲Unexpected adverse event UAE 预料外不良事件UV－VIS 紫外－可见吸收光谱Variability 变异Variable 变量Visual analogy scale 直观类比打分法Visual check 人工检查Vulnerable subject 弱势受试者Wash-out 洗脱Washout period 洗脱期实验室检查英文缩写英文全称中文全称血常规WBC white blood cell count 白细胞计数GR% granulocyte 中性粒细胞百分比LY% lymphocyte 淋巴细胞百分比MID% 中值细胞百分比EOS% eosimophil 嗜酸性粒细胞百分比AL% allergy lymphocyte 变异淋巴细胞百分比ST% 中性杆状粒细胞百分比RBC red blood cell 红细胞计数HGB hemoglobin 血红蛋白HCT hematocrit 红细胞比积红细胞比积MCV mean corpusular volume 平均红细胞体积MCH mean corpusular hemoglobin 平均红细胞血红蛋白含量平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度MCHC mean corpusular hemoglobinconcerntrationRDW red blood cell volume distribution width 红细胞分布宽度变异PLT/BPC platelet count/blood platelet count 血小板计数MPV mean platelet volume 平均血小板体积PCT plateletocrit 血小板比积PDW platelet distribution width 血小板分布宽度尿便常规PH acidity 酸碱度NIT nitrite 亚硝酸盐GLU glucose 尿糖SG specific gravity 比重PRO protein 尿蛋白BLD blood 隐血BIL bilirubin 尿胆红素URO urobilinogen 尿胆原WBC white blood cell 白细胞addish计数addish count 艾迪氏计数/HP high power objective 每高倍视野/LP low power objective 每低倍视野OB occult blood test 大便隐血试验体液常规CSF cerebrospinal 脑积夜Pandy pandy 庞氏试验生化检验TB total bilirubin 总胆红素DB direct bilirubin 直接胆红素TP total protein 总蛋白ALB albumin 白蛋白GLOB globulin 球蛋白UREA urea 尿素CREA creatinine 肌肝UA uric acid 尿酸GLU glucose 血糖ALT alanine amiotransferase 丙氨酸氨基转移酶AST aspartate aminotransferase 门冬氨酸氨基转移酶GGT γ-glutamyl transpeptadase 谷氨酰转肽酶CK creatine kinase 肌酸肌酶CK-MB creatine kinase-MB 肌酸肌酶同工酶LDH lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶α-HBD α-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase α－羟丁酸脱氢酶AMY serum amylase 血淀粉酶TG triglyceride 肝油三脂CHOL cholesterol 胆固醇HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 高密度脂蛋白LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 低密度脂蛋白VLDL very low-density lipoprotein 极低密度脂蛋白Ca serum calcium 钙Mg serum magnesium 镁IP inorganic phosphate 无机磷ALP alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶TBA total biliary acid 总胆汁酸ASO antistreptolysin 抗链球菌溶血素O a-AG a－acid glycoprotein a－酸性糖蛋白CRP C-reactive protein C 反应蛋白RF rheumatoid factor 类风湿因子MTP mili-total protein 微量蛋白IgG immunoglobin G 免疫球蛋白GIgA immunoglobin A 免疫球蛋白 AIgM immunoglobin M 免疫球蛋白MC3 complement C3 补体C3C4 complement C4 补体C4cTNT troponin T 肌钙蛋白T MYOG myoglobin 肌红蛋白电解质Na sodium 钠K kalium 钾Cl chloride 氯Ga calcium 钙Mg magnesium 镁乙肝标志物HBV hepatitis B virus 乙肝病毒HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen 乙肝表面抗原HBsAb antibody to hepatitis surface antigen 乙肝表面抗体HBcAg hepatitis B core antigen 乙肝核心抗原HBcAb antibody to hepatitis B core antigen 乙肝核心抗体HBeAg hepatitis B e-antigen 乙肝e抗原HBeAb antibody to hepatitis B e-antigen 乙肝e抗体ELISA enzymelinked immunosorbentassy 酶联免疫吸附试验HAV hepatitis A virus 甲肝病毒HCV hepatitis C virus 丙肝病毒输血免疫全套HBV hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒HCV hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒TP treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体HIV human immunodeficiency virus 人类免疫缺陷病毒Accuracy 准确度Active control， AC 阳性对照，活性对照Adverse drug reaction， ADR 药物不良反应Adverse event， AE 不良事件Adverse medical events 不良医学事件Adverse reaction 药物不良反应Alb 白蛋白ALD（Approximate Lethal Dose）近似致死剂量ALP 碱性磷酸酶Alpha spending function 消耗函数ALT 丙氨酸氨基转换酶Analysis sets 统计分析的数据集Approval 批准Assistant investigator 助理研究者AST 天门冬酸氨基转换酶ATR 衰减全反射法AUCss 稳态血药浓度－时间曲线下面积Audit 稽查Audit or inspection 稽查／视察Audit report 稽查报告Auditor 稽查员Bias 偏性，偏倚Bioequivalence 生物等效应Blank control 空白对照Blind codes 编制盲底Blind review 盲态审核Blind review 盲态检查Blinding method 盲法Blinding/ masking 盲法，设盲Block 分段Block 层Block size 每段的长度BUN 尿素氮Carryover effect 延滞效应Case history 病历Case report form 病例报告表Case report form/ case record form， CRF 病例报告表，病例记录表Categorical variable 分类变量Cav 平均浓度CD 圆二色谱CL 清除率Clinical equivalence 临床等效应Clinical study 临床研究Clinical study report 临床试验的总结报告Clinical trial 临床试验Clinical trial application， CTA 临床试验申请Clinical trial exemption， CTX 临床试验免责Clinical trial protocol， CTP 临床试验方案Clinical trial/ study report 临床试验报告Cmax 峰浓度Co-investigator 合作研究者Comparison 对照Compliance 依从性Composite variable 复合变量Computer-assisted trial design， CATD 计算机辅助试验设计Confidence interval 可信区间Confidence level 置信水平Consistency test 一致性检验Contract research organization， CRO 合同研究组织Contract/ agreement 协议／合同Control group 对照组Coordinating committee 协调委员会Crea 肌酐CRF（case report form）病例报告表Crossover design 交叉设计Cross-over study 交叉研究Css 稳浓度Cure 痊愈Data management 数据管理Database 建立数据库Descriptive statistical analysis 描述性统计分析DF 波动系统Dichotomies 二分类Diviation 偏差Documentation 记录／文件Dose-reaction relation 剂量－反应关系Double blinding 双盲Double dummy 双模拟Double dummy technique 双盲双模拟技术Double-blinding 双盲Drop out 脱落DSC 差示扫描热量计Effectiveness 疗效Electronic data capture， EDC 电子数据采集系统Electronic data processing， EDP 电子数据处理系统Emergency envelope 应急信件End point 终点Endpoint criteria/ measurement 终点指标Equivalence 等效性Essential documentation 必须文件Ethics committee 伦理委员会Excellent 显效Exclusion criteria 排除标准Factorial design 析因设计Failure 无效，失败Final point 终点Fixed-dose procedure 固定剂量法Forced titration 强制滴定Full analysis set 全分析集GC－FTIR 气相色谱－傅利叶红外联用GC－MS 气相色谱－质谱联用Generic drug 通用名药Global assessment variable 全局评价变量GLU 血糖Good clinical practice， GCP 药物临床试验质量管理规范Good manufacture practice， GMP 药品生产质量管理规范Good non-clinical laboratory practice， GLP 药物非临床研究质量管理规范Group sequential design 成组序贯设计Health economic evaluation， HEV 健康经济学评价Hypothesis test 假设检验Hypothesis testing 假设检验International Conference of Harmonization， ICH 人用药品注册技术要求国际技术协调会，国际协调会议Improvement 好转Inclusion criteria 入选标准Independent ethics committee， IEC 独立伦理委员会Information consent form， ICF 知情同意书Information gathering 信息收集Informed consent， IC 知情同意Initial meeting 启动会议Inspection 视察／检查Institution inspection 机构检查Institution review board， IBR 机构审查委员会Intention to treat 意向治疗（——临床领域）Intention-to –treat， ITT 意向性分析（－统计学）Interactive voice response system， IVRS 互动式语音应答系统Interim analysis 期中分析Investigator 研究者Investigator's brochure， IB 研究者手册IR 红外吸收光谱Ka 吸收速率常Last observation carry forward， LOCF 最接近一次观察的结转LC－MS 液相色谱－质谱联用LD50 板数致死剂量Logic check 逻辑检查LOQ （Limit of Quantitation）定量限LOCF， Last observation carry forward 最近一次观察的结转Lost of follow up 失访Marketing approval/ authorization 上市许可证Matched pair 匹配配对Missing value 缺失值Mixed effect model 混合效应模式Monitor 监查员Monitoring 监查Monitoring report 监查报告MRT 平均滞留时间MS 质谱MS－MS 质谱－质谱联用MTD（Maximum Tolerated Dose）最大耐受剂量Multicenter trial 多中心试验Multi-center trial 多中心试验New chemical entity， NCE 新化学实体New drug application， NDA 新药申请NMR 核磁共振谱Non-clinical study 非临床研究Non-inferiority 非劣效性Non-parametric statistics 非参数统计方法Obedience 依从性ODR 旋光光谱Open-blinding 非盲Open-label 非盲Optional titration 随意滴定Original medical record 原始医疗记录Outcome 结果Outcome assessment 结果指标评价Outcome measurement 结果指标Outlier 离群值Parallel group design 平行组设计Parameter estimation 参数估计Parametric statistics 参数统计方法Patient file 病人档案Patient history 病历Per protocol，PP 符合方案集Placebo 安慰剂Placebo control 安慰剂对照Polytomies 多分类Power 检验效能Precision 精密度Preclinical study 临床前研究Primary endpoint 主要终点Primary variable 主要变量Principal investigator 主要研究者Principle investigator，PI 主要研究者Product license，PL 产品许可证Protocol 试验方案Protocol 试验方案Protocol amendment 方案补正Quality assurance unit，QAU 质量保证部门Quality assurance，QA 质量保证Quality control，QC 质量控制Query list，query form 应用疑问表Randomization 随机化Randomization 随机Range check 范围检查Rating scale 量表Regulatory authorities，RA 监督管理部门Replication 可重复RSD 日内和日间相对标准差Run in 准备期Safety evaluation 安全性评价Safety set 安全性评价的数据集Sample size 样本含量Sample size 样本量，样本大小Scale of ordered categorical ratings 有序分类指标Secondary variable 次要变量Sequence 试验次序Serious adverse event，SAE 严重不良事件Serious adverse reaction，SAR 严重不良反应Seriousness 严重性Severity 严重程度Significant level 检验水准Simple randomization 简单随机Single blinding 单盲Single-blinding 单盲Site audit 试验机构稽查SOP 试验室的标准操作规程Source data verification，SDV 原始数据核准Source data，SD 原始数据Source document，SD 原始文件Specificity 特异性Sponsor 申办者Sponsor-investigator 申办研究者Standard curve 标准曲线Standard operating procedure，SOP 标准操作规程Statistic 统计量Statistical analysis plan 统计分析计划Statistical analysis plan 统计参数计划书Statistical analysis plan，SAP 统计分析计划Statistical model 统计模型Statistical tables 统计分析表Stratified 分层Study audit 研究稽查Subgroup 亚组Sub-investigator 助理研究者Subject 受试者Subject diary 受试者日记Subject enrollment 受试者入选Subject enrollment log 受试者入选表Subject identification code，SIC 受试者识别代码Subject recruitment 受试者招募Subject screening log 受试者筛选表Superiority 检验Survival analysis 生存分析SXRD 单晶X－射线衍射System audit 系统稽查T1/2 消除半衰期Target variable 目标变量T－BIL 总胆红素T－CHO 总胆固醇TG 热重分析TLC、HPLC 制备色谱Tmax 峰时间TP 总蛋白Transformation 变量变换Treatment group 试验组Trial error 试验误差Trial master file 试验总档案Trial objective 试验目的Trial site 试验场所Triple blinding 三盲Two one-side test 双单侧检验Unblinding 揭盲Unblinding 破盲Unexpected adverse event，UAE 预料外不良事件UV－VIS 紫外－可见吸收光谱Variability 变异Variable 变量Visual analogy scale 直观类比打分法Visual check 人工检查Vulnerable subject 弱势受试者Wash-out 清洗期Washout period 洗脱期Well-being 福利，健康1．临床试验（Clinical Trial）：指任何在人体（病人或健康志愿者身上）进行药品的系统性研究，以证实或揭示研究药品的作用、不良反应及／或试验用药品的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄，目的是确定研究药品的疗效与安全性。
BEC商务英语口语词汇详解
BEC商务英语口语词汇详解大家都知道考bec需要积累大量的词汇，下面小编就给大家带来bec口语词汇详解，希望你们喜欢。
BEC商务英语口语词汇详解1.1.bootleg vt.非法制造酒等;走私【例句】The company bootlegged corn whiskey during Prohibition.那家公司在禁酒期间偷运玉米威士忌。
2.bottleneck n.瓶颈状态;薄弱环节;阻塞现象;影响生产流程的因素vt.阻塞，妨碍【商务用语】bottleneck commodity 稀缺商品bottleneck problem 薄弱环节问题bottleneck inflation 瓶颈式通货膨胀，短线涨价bottleneck industry 薄弱环节产业【例句】Production of material has bottlenecked. 原料的生产受到了阻碍。
3.bounty n.奖励金，补助金【商务用语】export bounty 出口津贴import bounty 进口奖励金【例句】We received a bounty from the goverment. 我们收到政府给予的一笔补助金。
4.boycott n.联合抵制vt.联合抵制;联合排斥某国货物或与某国绝交;联合拒购【商务用语】credit boycott 拒付货款primary boycott 直接抵制boycott a commercial product 抵制某种商品boycott a nation 对某国实行抵制【例句】They are boycotting the shop because the people who work there are on strike to boycott a meeting. 他们拒绝购买那家商店的货物，因为店里的员工正在为联合抵制一个会议而罢工。
5.brainstorm n.灵机一动 vt.集中各人智慧猛攻【例句】We need to brainstorm a more permanent solution to a problem. 我们需要群策群力，设法找到一个长期有效的解决办法。
审计师工厂手册说明书
Kircheim unter Teck, 04.10.2017审计师工厂手册工厂数据与审计结果工厂数据与审计结果本人已经根据手册如实地审查了工厂（如上所示）。
本人保证会对第三方严格保密。
I have faithfully audited the factory (as indicated above) according to the manual.I pledge myself to absolute secrecy towards third parties._____________________________审计师签字Signature Auditor审计师工厂手册如何使用审计师手册∙根据 FAIR STONE标准，认证审计师必须在向这些工厂发放最终 FAIR STONE证书之前审查已注册的 FAIR STONE 供应商。
审计师必须使用本手册。
According to the Fair Stone Standard accredited auditors have to audit registered Fair Stone Suppliers before these factories receive the final Fair Stone Certification. Auditors have to use this manual.∙手册以“FAIR STONE 标准”为评判基础。
详情请参照网站： 。
The manual is based on the criteria of the Fair Stone Standard. Please refer to for further information括号中的数字对应相关“标准“条例 (--). Numbers in brackets refer to the standard (--).∙ 该评判标准为必要标准。
若未达到必要标准，不予发放证书。
《麒麟操作系统安全管理师(初级)》模拟A2卷
《麒麟操作系统安全管理师（初级）》模拟A2卷1.【单选题】不以root身份运行任何服务、及时修补系统和应用漏洞都是（ ）的方法。
A:防御文件提权攻击B:漏洞检测C:访问控制D:防御网络攻击正确答案：A答案解析：不以root身份运行任何服务、及时修补系统和应用漏洞都是防御文件提权攻击的方法。
2.【单选题】KYSEC可信执行标记包括执行控制标记、文件保护标记、（ ）。
A:访问控制标记B:属主身份标记C:文件属性标记D:可信根正确答案：B答案解析：KYSEC可信执行标记包括执行控制标记、文件保护标记、属主身份标记3.【单选题】可以通过targeted安全策略对（ ）进行类型强制访问控制保护。
A:应用程序B:系统进程C:网络服务D:域正确答案：C答案解析：该策略管控对象主要为网络服务4.【单选题】在应用Apparmor时，能否通过修改文件名绕过该机制（ ）。
A:不可以B:可以C:有的可以有的不行D:不一定正确答案：B答案解析：Apparmor使用文件名（路径名）做安全标签，可被通过修改文件名而绕过。
5.【单选题】应用程序auditctl用来设置审计消息过滤规则、查询内核审计系统状态等，它通过（ ）与内核审计系统的socket线程进行双向通信。
A:hook机制B:selinux机制C:netlink机制D:kysec机制正确答案：C答案解析：应用程序auditctl用来设置审计消息过滤规则、查询内核审计系统状态等，它通过netlink机制与内核审计系统的so cket线程进行双向通信。
6.【单选题】内核审计API在处理调用时会将（ ）都记录入队列。
A:内核报警信息B:符合审计过滤规则的信息C:不符合审计规则的信息D:所有传递的审计信息正确答案：B答案解析：内核审计API在处理调用时并非将所有传递的审计信息都记录入队列，而是在此之前，先查询审计过滤规则队列。
只有符合审计过滤规则的信息才记录入内核审计消息队列。
Factory Audit Report (blank form)
工廠評估報告Manufacturer 工廠:Date of Audit 評估日期:Reason of Audit 評估原因:New Manufacturer 新廠Other 其他Re-Assessment 再次評估Result 結論:Total of Points Possible總分數Products under Consideration 待評估產品:Conclusion 總結:Review Necessary是否需要再次評估:AUDITED BY : _______________________________ DATE : _______________________Following information to be filled by supplier (供應商須填寫以下資料) Head Office Location 總公司地址:Date Company established 公司成立日期:Date this Factory established 工廠成立日期:Other related factories / external supporting 其它工廠:Main Product Lines 主要產品(Please mark product categories with turnover %, 請註明產品類別所佔百分比) :Export Destination 出口地(Please mark destination with turnover %,請註明出口地所佔的百分比):Major Customer 主要客戶(Please mark customer with turnover %,請註明主要客戶所佔的百分比):Major Machineries/Equipment 主要机器設備(Please provide addition list if required, 如有需要, 請提供附頁) :Factory Area 工廠面積:Person contacted/Positions held 負責人姓名及職位:Turnover per Annum每年的營業額:Following information to be filled by supplier (供應商須填寫以下資料)Number of Employees員工人數: HK China(1)Production生產人員:(2)Quality Assurance品保人員:(3)Management & Others管理及其它人員(4)R&D / Engineering研究與開發/工程人員_____________________________________________ QC Department report to 品保部向何人負責:Quality Sampling Plan品質抽樣計劃i) Incoming Inspection進料檢查:Sampling Plan抽樣計劃:A.Q.L. Safety(安全性) : __________________________________________Major (主要性) : __________________________________________Minor (次要性) : __________________________________________ii) Production 生產及流程檢查Sampling Plan抽樣計劃:A.Q.L. Safety(安全性) : ___________________________________________Major(主要性) : ___________________________________________Minor(次要性) : ___________________________________________iii) Pre-Shipment Inspection出貨檢查:Sampling Plan抽樣計劃:A.Q.L. Safety(安全性) : ________________________________________________Major(主要性) : _________________________________________________Minor(次要性) :Audit Details 評估詳情(A)Quality Organization品質体系:___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Score 得分: __________ / 25(B)Research & Development and Engineering 開發及工程:___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Score 得分: __________ / 30C) Production & In-Process Controls 生產及流程控制:___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Score 得分: __________/ 25(D) General 總則___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Score 得分: __________/ 20Any other comments其它評論:________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________Sum of points 得分總計: _________Total actual points 實際總得分: _________Signed: Date : Manufacturer 工廠: _____________________ __________________ Agent 代理商: _____________________ __________________(A) Quality Organization 品質體系Points Is the quality organization sufficiently independent from the manufacturing process?在生產過程中，品質體系是否獨立？(3)Is there a quality manual? Does the working procedure conform to the manual?是否有品質手冊？工序流程是否符合品質手冊? (2)Is there has adequate procedure for incoming, outgoing non-conformance & deviation review?對於不符要求或條件偏差的來料及外送物料, 是否有進行適當的復審程序? (2)Is there any corrective action procedure for internal quality problem and customer complaint?對於內部的質量問題及客戶抱怨, 是否有實施改正行動?Is there evidence that such data is acted upon?是否有證據顯示已經採取相應行動？(2)Is a new vendor approval / evaluation system in place?有沒有新供應商認可/ 評估系統? (2)Is a vendor rating system in place? (Vendor approval list / Vendor performance rating / Vendorevaluation, etc.)供應商的等級系統是否存在？(認可供應商目錄/工作評級/評估, etc) (2)Are incoming materials/components inspected in accordance with the drawings/ specifications,and sampling plan?來料是否根據圖紙/ 規格及抽樣計劃去檢查？(2)Are rejected components segregated and identified?不合格的零件是否分開和區分？(2)Are reworked products subject to a second inspection?翻工的產品是否需作第二次檢查？(2)Is pre-shipment inspection verification of products carried out?是否執行出貨檢查？(2)Is the finding fed back to related department and the improvement scheme will be in place?有關問題是否反饋給有關部門及是否有適當的改善方案? (2)Is the verification carried out in accordance with the drawings / specifications & uniquechecklists with defect classification on pre-shipment inspection?出貨檢查是否根據圖紙/ 規格,和具有次品等級的檢查表？(2)SUB-TOTAL: (本部得分) (25)(B) Research & Development / Engineering開發及工程Points Is the R&D process adequate to ensure reliability?開發程序是否能夠保証產品的可靠性？(5)Are products subjected to reliability testing (accelerated life/destructive testing)?產品是否能通過可靠性測試（加速壽命和破壞性測試）？(5)Is user research carried out?是否執行用戶∕使用者的調查？(5)Does the company have enough facilities (equipment, computer) and manpower for productdevelopment / Engineering?是否擁有足夠的設施(器械,電腦)及人力作為產品開發及工程使用? (5)Does the company have any past experience & capabilities to apply international safetystandards (e.g. UL, CEBEC, BSI, Heavy Metal Content Regulations, etc.)?是否擁有足夠經驗及能力申請國際性安全規格(e.g. UL, CEBEC, BSI, Heavy MetalContent Regulations, etc.)? (5)Are the relevant files (technical and safely standard) available and adequate? Please give detailsbelow.技術資料是否存在以及足夠使用？請填在下面。
linux 审计命令
linux 审计命令摘要：1.Linux审计命令简介2.审计命令的使用方法3.审计命令的实例应用4.总结正文：Linux审计命令是在Linux系统中，用于管理和监控系统活动的一种命令。
它们可以帮助管理员了解系统上发生的事件，识别异常行为，并采取必要的措施。
在本文中，我们将介绍一些常用的审计命令，并探讨如何使用它们来加强Linux系统的安全性。
一、Linux审计命令简介在Linux系统中，审计命令主要用于收集、存储和查询系统活动信息。
这些命令可以让管理员实时监控系统，以便在发生问题时迅速采取措施。
常见的审计命令包括：1.dmesg：显示系统内核缓冲区的消息2.tail：实时查看日志文件内容3.grep：在文件中搜索指定的字符串st：查看用户登录历史记录5.acct：监控系统资源使用情况二、审计命令的使用方法以下是使用这些审计命令的基本方法：1.dmesg：使用`dmesg`命令可以查看系统内核缓冲区的消息。
例如，要查看所有内核消息，可以使用`dmesg -a`命令。
要仅查看特定类型的消息，可以使用`dmesg -c`（CPU状态消息）或`dmesg -w`（内核警告消息）等选项。
2.tail：使用`tail`命令可以实时查看日志文件的内容。
例如，要实时查看名为`syslog`的日志文件内容，可以使用`tail -f syslog`命令。
要查看文件的最后几行，可以使用`tail -n 5 filename`命令。
3.grep：使用`grep`命令可以在文件中搜索指定的字符串。
例如，要在名为`syslog`的日志文件中搜索包含“error”的行，可以使用`grep -i error syslog`命令。
`-i`选项表示忽略大小写。
st：使用`last`命令可以查看用户登录历史记录。
例如，要查看所有用户的登录记录，可以使用`last -a`命令。
要查看特定用户的登录记录，可以使用`last -u username`命令。
All Sites Internal Audit Schedule
SITE COVERED ALL SITES DESCRIPTION
Quality Management System - General Requirements Documentation Requirements - General, Quality Manual, Control of documents, Control of records. Management Responsibility - Management Commitment, Customer focus, Quality policy, Planning - Quality objectives, Quality management system planning, Responsibility, authority and communication - Responsibility and authority, Management Representative, Internal Communication, Management Review - General, Review input, Review output Human resources - General, Infrastructure, Work environment 4.1 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.2.4 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.6.1, 5.6.2, 5.6.3
4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.2.4 5.3, 5.5.1, 5.5.3
8.1, 8.5.1, 8.5.2, 8.5.3 4.2.1, 4.2.3, 4.2.4 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.6.1, 5.6.2, 5.6.3 6.2.2 7.5.2, 7.5.3 8.1, 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.2.4, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5.1, 8.5.2, 8.5.3 4.2.1, 4.2.3, 4.2.4 5.3, 5.5.1, 5.5.3, 6.1, 6.3 7.2.3
CISA考试练习(习题卷7)
CISA考试练习(习题卷7)说明：答案和解析在试卷最后第1部分：单项选择题，共100题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。
1.[单选题]为某航空公司的订票系统设计业务连续性计划时，最适用于异地数据转移/备份的方法是A)影子文件处理。
B)电子远程磁带保存。
C)硬盘镜像。
D)热备援中心配置。
2.[单选题]下面的哪一项在赋予供应商临时访问权限时，最有效的控制？A)供应商访问符合服务水平协议（ＳＬA）B)用户帐户创建的截止日期是根据所提供的服务的日期。
C)管理员权限提供了一个有限的期限D)当工作完成时，用户ID、被删除3.[单选题]在审计关键业务领域的灾难恢复计划(DRP)时，某IS审计师发现此计划没有涵盖所有系统。
下列哪项是该IS审计师最应该采取的行动?A)向管理层发出警告并评估不涵盖所有系统的影响。
B)取消审计。
C)完成现有DRP所涵盖系统的审计工作。
D)推迟审计直至将相关系统添加到DRP中。
4.[单选题]在进行业务连续性计划(BCP) 测试中，宜执行下列哪一项任务?A)审查备用处理站点合同B)评估异地处理站点的安全性C)评估对关键信息的恢复能力D)审查保险的承保范围5.[单选题]用于IT开发项目的业务模式（或业务案例）文档应该被保留，直到：A)系统的生命周期结束B)项目获得批准C)用户验收了系统D)系统被投入生产6.[单选题]在入侵检测系统(IDS)的运行中，最常见的问题是A)误报检测。
B)接收陷阱消息。
C)误拒绝率。
D)拒绝服务(DoS)攻击。
7.[单选题]在实施IT平衡计分卡(BSC)之前，组织必须:A)提供有效且高效的服务。
B)定义关键绩效指标。
C)为IT项目带来商业价值。
D)控制IT费用。
8.[单选题]在结束会议时，信息系统审计师强调，由于操作员错误导致错过了备份周期，且这些异常事件没有得到管理，以下哪一项是帮助管理层理解相关风险的最佳方式?A)解释对灾难恢复的影响B)解释对事故管理的影响C)解释对备份计划的影响D)解释对资源需求的影响9.[单选题]如果高级管理层未针对IT战略计划承担相关义务，最有可能产生的影响是:A)缺少技术投资。
NERC Reliability Standard Audit Worksheet说明书
Reliability Standard Audit Worksheet1CIP-012-1 – Cyber Security – Communications between Control CentersThis section to be completed by the Compliance Enforcement Authority.Audit ID: Audit ID if available; or REG-NCRnnnnn-YYYYMMDDRegistered Entity: Registered name of entity being auditedNCR Number: NCRnnnnnCompliance Enforcement Authority: Region or NERC performing auditCompliance Assessment Date(s)2: Month DD, YYYY, to Month DD, YYYYCompliance Monitoring Method: [On-site Audit | Off-site Audit | Spot Check]Names of Auditors: Supplied by CEAApplicability of RequirementsBA DP GO GOP PA/PC RC RP RSG TO TOP TP TSPR1 X X X X X XLegend:Text with blue background: Fixed text – do not editText entry area with Green background: Entity-supplied informationText entry area with white background: Auditor-supplied information1NERC developed this Reliability Standard Audit Worksheet (RSAW) language in order to facilitate NERC’s and the Regional Entities’ assessment of a registered entity’s compliance with this Reliability Standard. The NERC RSAW language is written to specific versions of each NERC Reliability Standard. Entities using this RSAW should choose the version of the RSAW applicable to the Reliability Standard being assessed. While the information included in this RSAW provides some of the methodology that NERC has elected to use to assess compliance with the requirements of the Reliability Standard, this document should not be treated as a substitute for the Reliability Standard or viewed as additional Reliability Standard requirements. In all cases, the Regional Entity should rely on the language contained in the Reliability Standard itself, and not on the language contained in this RSAW, to determine compliance with the Reliability Standard. NERC’s Reliability Standards can be found on NERC’s website. Additionally, NERC Reliability Standards are updated frequently, and this RSAW may not necessarily be updated with the same frequency. Therefore, it is imperative that entities treat this RSAW as a reference document only, and not as a substitute or replacement for the Reliability Standard. It is the responsibility of the registered entity to verify its compliance with the latest approved version of the Reliability Standards, by the applicable governmental authority, relevant to its registration status.The RSAW may provide a non-exclusive list, for informational purposes only, of examples of the types of evidence a registered entity may produce or may be asked to produce to demonstrate compliance with the Reliability Standard. A registered entity’s adherence to the examples contained within this RSAW does not necessarily constitute compliance with the applicable Reliability Standard, and NERC and the Regional Entity using this RSAW reserve the right to request additional evidence fromFindings(This section to be completed by the Compliance Enforcement Authority)Req. Finding Summary and Documentation Functions Monitored R1Req. Areas of ConcernReq. RecommendationsReq. Positive ObservationsSubject Matter ExpertsIdentify the Subject Matter Expert(s) responsible for this Reliability Standard.Registered Entity Response (Required; Insert additional rows if needed):SME Name Title Organization Requirement(s)Registered Entity Response (Required):Question 1: Does the Registered Entity own or operate a Control Center? ☐ Yes ☐ NoIf no:1.Provide evidence in the space that the Registered Entity does not own or operate one or more ControlCenters. This evidence may include, but is not limited to:•Evidence that the Registered Entity does not own or operate a Control Center; or•Evidence or a reference to evidence from the Registered Entity’s CIP-002 compliance program that demonstrates the entity does not own or operate a Control Center.2.The remainder of this RSAW may be left blank.[Note: A separate spreadsheet or other document may be used. If so, provide the document reference below.]R1 Supporting Evidence and DocumentationR1. The Responsible Entity shall implement one or more documented plan(s) to mitigate the risk of unauthorized disclosure or modification of Real-time Assessment and Real-time monitoring data while being transmittedbetween any Control Centers. This requirement excludes oral communications. The plan shall include: [Violation Risk Factor: Medium] [Time Horizon: Operations Planning]1.1Identification of security protection used to mitigate the risk of unauthorized disclosure or modification ofReal-time Assessment and Real-time monitoring data while being transmitted between Control Centers;1.2Identification of where the Responsible Entity applied security protection for transmitting Real-timeAssessment and Real-time monitoring data between Control Centers; and1.3If the Control Centers are owned or operated by different Responsible Entities, identify the responsibilitiesof each Responsible Entity for applying security protection to the transmission of Real-time Assessmentand Real-time monitoring data between those Control Centers.M1. Evidence may include, but is not limited to, documented plan(s) that meet the security objective of Requirement R1 and documentation demonstrating the implementation of the plan(s).Registered Entity Response (Required):Compliance Narrative:Provide a brief explanation, in your own words, of how you comply with this Requirement. References to supplied evidence, including links to the appropriate page, are recommended.Registered Entity Evidence (Required):The following information is requested for each document submitted as evidence. Also, evidence submitted should be highlighted and bookmarked, as appropriate, to identify the exact location where evidence of compliance may be found.File Name Document Title RevisionorVersionDocumentDateRelevantPage(s)orSection(s)Description of Applicabilityof DocumentAudit Team Evidence Reviewed (This section to be completed by the Compliance Enforcement Authority):Compliance Assessment Approach Specific to CIP-012-1, R1This section to be completed by the Compliance Enforcement AuthorityIf the Registered Entity has answered “No” to Question 1, verify the Registered Entity does not own or operate a Control Center.Note: If the Registered Entity does not own or operate a Control Center, the remainder of this RSAW is not applicable.Verify the entity has implemented one or more documented plan(s) to mitigate the risk of theunauthorized disclosure or modification of Real-time Assessment and Real-time monitoring data while being transmitted between Control Centers.Verify the documented plans collectively include identification of security protection used to mitigate the risk of unauthorized disclosure or modification of Real-time Assessment and Real-time monitoring data while being transmitted between Control Centers.Verify the documented plans collectively include identification of where the Responsible Entity applied security protection for transmitting Real-time Assessment and Real-time monitoring data between Control Centers.Verify the documented plans collectively include identification of responsibilities of each Responsible Entity for applying security protection to the transmission of Real-time Assessment and Real-time monitoring data between Control Centers, when the Control Centers are owned or operated bydifferent Responsible Entities.Verify the documented plans collectively achieve the security objective of mitigating the risk of the unauthorized disclosure or modification of Real-time Assessment and Real-time monitoring data while being transmitted between Control Centers.Note to Auditor:1.Oral communications are not in scope for CIP-012-1.Auditor Notes:Additional Information:Reliability StandardThe full text of CIP-012-1 may be found on the NERC Web Site () under “Program Areas & Departments”, “Standards,” “Reliability Standards.”In addition to the Reliability Standard, there is an applicable Implementation Plan available on the NERC Web Site.In addition to the Reliability Standard, there is background information available on the NERC Web Site.Capitalized terms in the Reliability Standard refer to terms in the NERC Glossary, which may be found on the NERC Web Site.Sampling MethodologySampling is essential for auditing compliance with NERC Reliability Standards since it is not always possibleor practical to test 100% of either the equipment, documentation, or both, associated with the full suite of enforceable standards. The Sampling Guide contained in the Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement Manual (see NERC website) provided by the Electric Reliability Organization help to establish a minimum sample set for monitoring and enforcement uses in audits of NERC Reliability Standards.Regulatory LanguageFERC Order 822 P53-56, 58, and 62Selected Glossary TermsThe following Glossary terms are provided for convenience only. Please refer to the NERC web site for the current enforceable terms.Control CenterOne or more facilities, including their associated data centers, that monitor and control the Bulk Electric System (BES) and also host operating personnel who:1)perform the Real-time reliability-related tasks of a Reliability Coordinator; or2)perform the Real-time reliability-related tasks of a Balancing Authority; or3)perform the Real-time reliability-related tasks of a Transmission Operator for Transmission Facilities attwo or more locations; or4)can act independently as the Generator Operator to develop specific dispatch instructions forgeneration Facilities at two or more locations; or5)can operate or direct the operation of a Transmission Owner’s BES Transmission Facilities in Real-time.Operating personnel do not include:1)plant operators located at a generator plant site or personnel at a centrally located dispatch centerwho relay dispatch instructions without making any modifications; or2)Transmission Owner or Transmission Operator field switching personnel.Real-time AssessmentAn evaluation of system conditions using Real-time data to assess existing (pre-Contingency) and potential (post-Contingency) operating conditions. The assessment shall reflect applicable inputs including, but not limited to: load, generation output levels, known Protection System and Special Protection System status or degradation, Transmission outages, generator outages, Interchange, Facility Ratings, and identified phase angle and equipment limitations. (Real-time Assessment may be provided through internal systems or through third-party services.)Real-timePresent time as opposed to future time.Revision History for RSAWVersion Date ReviewersRevision DescriptionDraft1 v1 07/28/2017 NERC Stds Group New documentDraft1 v2 08/01/2017 RSAW Task Force Modified Question to clarify applicabilityDraft1 v3 08/02/2017 RSAW Task Force Response to MRO comments. Moved Questions 1 and 2 above R1. Made text changes to Q1 and to R2 Compliance Assessment Approach. Draft1 v408/07/2017RSAW Task Force, 2016-02 SDT Response to TexasRE and SDT comments. Clarified scope of Q1 to be data transmitted between Control Centers. Removed extra space from Auditor Notes. Draft2 v1 10/27/2017RSAW Task ForceModified title.Modified Q2 to conform with new language.Modified R1 with new Requirement text and new Compliance Assessment Approach.Modified R2 with new Compliance Assessment Approach.Removed Operational Planning Analysis from the Selected Glossary Terms.Modified footer with revised version and date. Draft2 v2 11/27/2017RSAW Task Force, Standard Drafting TeamResponse to comments:• RF: Footnote 1 page 1 added space after“references.”• RF: Changed “Tasf” to “Task” in RevisionHistory.• Response to SERC CIPC and SouthernCompany comments to Draft 1.• Modified Question 1 to include referenceto CIP-002.• Added an item to the R1 ComplianceAssessment Approach to verify the effectiveness of the process.• Modified the R2 Compliance AssessmentApproaches to clarify that the review is for implementation.Draft3 v0 03/20/2018 RSAW Task ForceModified for Draft 3 language: • Removed Requirement R2• Modified Requirement R1 language tomatch the Standard• Modified the R1 Compliannce AssessmentApproach•Removed “CIP Exceptional Circumstance”from the Selected Glossary Terms•Revised the definition of “Control Center”in Selected Glossary Terms to match thedefinition posted alongside CIP-012-1Draft 3Draft3 v1 04/03/2018 ERO Enterprise •Consideration of Comments from RFo Changed Sampling Methodologysection to match current NERCdocuments. Will also need to bereflected in the RSAW Template. Draft3 v2 4/25/2018 NERC Legal Addressed comments. No text changes weremade.。
《现场审计实施系统（2014版）》安装手册
《现场审计实施系统（2014版）》安装手册第1章安装光盘说明本安装光盘用于将《现场审计实施系统（2014版）》的客户端安装到用户的计算机上。
本安装盘包括：《现场审计实施系统（2014版）》客户端安装程序、《现场审计实施系统》数据备份恢复工具、《现场审计实施系统（2014版）》阅读器、《现场审计实施系统（2005版）》卸载工具、测试数据、加密狗驱动程序，共计六个部分。
其中，《现场审计实施系统（2014版）》客户端安装程序位于安装光盘的根目录中，其余五部分分别放置在安装光盘的五个目录中。
1.1《现场审计实施系统（2014版）》客户端《现场审计实施系统（2014版）》客户端是AO2014版的主要程序，审计人员通过使用该程序可以进行单机的审计作业，也可以连接服务器端进行联机的审计作业。
客户端的安装通过双击光盘根目录下的SETUP.EXE文件开始，具体步骤详见本安装手册“第4章安装《现场审计实施系统（2014版）》客户端”。
1.2《现场审计实施系统》数据备份恢复工具《现场审计实施系统》数据备份恢复工具存放在光盘的同名目录中，该工具支持AO2005版向AO2014版进行数据迁移，同时支持AO2014版自身的整体备份和恢复。
此工具的使用详见光盘“现场审计实施系统数据备份恢复工具”目录内的《现场审计实施系统数据备份恢复工具使用说明》文档。
1.3《现场审计实施系统（2014版）》阅读器《现场审计实施系统（2014版）》阅读器存放在光盘的同名目录中，该工具用于查看AO2014版生成的“审计现场数据包”、“项目档案数据包”等。
此外，审计机关领导可以在《审计管理系统》中通过此阅读器查看现场报送的数据包，了解审计现场的情况。
阅读器的安装通过双击光盘“现场审计实施系统2014版阅读器”目录内的SETUP.EXE开始，具体步骤详见光盘“现场审计实施系统2014版阅读器”目录内的《现场审计实施系统2014版阅读器安装手册》文档。
Audit Plan-2阶段
A u d i t P l a n 审核计划Audit objectives 审核目的:Initial ：To confirm that the management system has been established and implemented in accordance with therequirements of the audit standard.初次审核：确认管理体系已按照审核标准的要求建立并实施。
Surveillance ：To verify if the certified management system continues to fulfil requirements of the audit standard inbetween recertification audits.监督审核：验证获证组织的管理体系在认证周期内能持续满足审核标准的要求。
Renewal ：To confirm the continued conformity and effectiveness of the management system as a whole, and itscontinued relevance and applicability for the scope of certification.复评：确认获证组织的管理体系作为一个整体的持续符合性与有效性，以及与认证范围的持续相关性和适宜性。
Notes to Client:1. Times are approximate and will be confirmed at the opening meeting prior to commencement of the audit.此时间是大致的安排，在现场审核的首次会议时将予以确认。
2. SGS auditors reserve the right to change or add to the elements listed before or during the audit dependingon the results of on-site investigation.SGS审核员可能在审核前或审核过程中根据实际情况调整上述安排。
auditctl 默认规则
auditctl 默认规则摘要：1.审计系统简介2.auditctl 的作用3.默认规则的含义和作用4.默认规则的设置和调整5.默认规则的实际应用正文：1.审计系统简介审计系统是一种用于监控和记录系统活动的安全措施。
它可以帮助管理员检测到可能的安全问题，并提供追踪和溯源的线索。
在Linux 系统中，审计系统主要由audit 模块和auditctl 命令组成。
2.auditctl 的作用auditctl 是审计系统中的一个重要工具，用于控制审计事件的记录和处理。
它可以让管理员灵活地配置审计规则，以便只记录特定类型的事件，或者对特定类型的事件进行特定的处理。
3.默认规则的含义和作用默认规则是指在auditctl 中预设的规则，它们在系统启动时会自动生效。
这些规则通常包括对各种常见事件的审计，例如文件访问、文件修改、进程创建等。
默认规则的作用是确保系统的基本安全，以及为管理员提供审计事件的参考。
4.默认规则的设置和调整默认规则的设置和调整可以通过编辑auditctl 的配置文件来完成。
这个文件通常位于/etc/audit/auditd.conf。
管理员可以根据需要添加、修改或删除默认规则。
例如，如果想要添加一个新的默认规则，可以使用以下命令：```audit_add_rule -F /etc/audit/auditd.conf -a always -f/path/to/your/rule -p /path/to/your/program```如果想要修改一个已有的默认规则，可以使用以下命令：```audit_modify_rule -F /etc/audit/auditd.conf -a always -f/path/to/your/rule -p /path/to/your/program```如果想要删除一个默认规则，可以使用以下命令：```audit_delete_rule -F /etc/audit/auditd.conf -a always -f/path/to/your/rule```5.默认规则的实际应用默认规则的实际应用主要体现在对系统活动的监控和记录上。