Ladder Safety梯子安全

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Ladder Safety Documents 梯子安全

PurposeLadders present unique opportunities for unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. Employees who use ladders must be trained in proper selection, inspection, use and storage. Improper use of ladders has caused a large percentage of accidents in the workplace. Use caution on ladders.Ladder HazardsFalls from ladders can result in broken bones and death. Ladder safety is a life saving program at our company.Hazards include:•Ladders with missing or broken parts.•Using a ladder with too low a weight rating.•Using a ladder that is too short for purpose.•Using metal ladders near electrical wires.•Using ladders as a working platform.•Objects falling from ladders.Ladder InspectionInspect ladders before each use:•All rungs and steps are free of oil, grease, dirt, etc.•All fittings are tight.•Spreaders or other locking devices are in place.•Non-skid safety feet are in place.•No structural defects, all support braces intact.Do not use broken ladders. Most ladders cannot be repaired to manufacturer specifications.Throw away all broken ladders.Ladder StorageStore ladders on sturdy hooks in areas where they cannot be damaged. Store to prevent warping or sagging. Do not hang anything on ladders that are in a stored condition.Ladder RatingsLadder weight ratings•I-A 300 pounds (heavy duty).•I 250 pounds (heavy duty).•II 225 pounds (medium duty).•III 200 pounds (light duty).Limits on ladder length.• A stepladder should be no more than 20 feet high.• A one-section ladder should be no more than 30 feet.•An extension ladder can go to 60 feet, but the sections must overlap.Ladder SetupThe following procedure must be followed to prevent ladder accidents:•Place ladder on a clean slip free level surface.•Extend the ladder to have about 4 feet above the top support or work area.•Anchor the top and bottom of the ladder.•Place the ladder base 1/4 the height of the ladder from the wall when using an extension ladder.•Never allow more than one person on a ladder•Use carriers and tool belts to carry objects up a ladder•Do not lean out from the ladder in any direction•If you have a fear of heights - don't climb a ladder•Do not allow others to work under a ladder in use.•Ladders must not be placed on boxes, barrels, or other unstable bases to obtain additional height.Ladder Maintenance•Keep ladders clean•Never replace broken parts unless provided by the original manufacturer•Do not attempt to repair broken side rails•Keep all threaded fasteners properly adjusted•Replace worn steps with parts from manufacturerPersonal Protective Equipment Check•Fall protection for extended work on ladder•Footwear with good support and non-slip soles•Safety glasses•Other PPE required for specific tasksWork Area Safety Check•No electrical power lines in area•Level surface for ladder placement•Sturdy support for resting ladder top•Not in a traffic area•Post signs if above a doorwayPre-Use Safety Check•No damage to ladder sides, rungs, supports•Ladder feet are no-slip•Ladder is long enough for task•Rungs/steps free from slip hazards•Nonconductive siderails for use where the worker or ladder could contact exposed energized parts. Operation Safety•Face ladder when climbing up or down•Use tool bag or belt to allow use of both hands when climbing•Do not carry heavy or bulky items up or down a ladder•One person on ladder at a time•Do not over extend from ladder line•Secure ladder at bottomTypes of LaddersStepladder - a self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, having flat stepsand a hinged back. Its size is designated by the overall length of the ladder measuredalong the front edge of the side rails.Single ladder - a non-self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consistingof but one section. Its size is designated by the overall length of the side rail.Extension ladder - a non-self-supporting portable ladder adjustable in length. It consistsof two or more sections traveling in guides or brackets so arranged as to permit lengthadjustment. Its size is designated by the sum of the lengths of the sections measuredalong the side rails.Sectional ladder - a non-self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length,consisting of two or more sections of ladder so constructed that the sections may becombined to function as a single ladder. Its size is designated by the overall length of theassembled sections.Trestle ladder - a self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consisting oftwo sections hinged at the top to form equal angles with the base. The size is designatedby the length of the side rails measured along the front edge.Extension trestle ladder - a self-supporting portable ladder, adjustable in length,consisting of a trestle ladder base and a vertically adjustable single ladder, with suitablemeans for locking the ladders together. The size is designated by the length of the trestleladder base.Special-purpose ladder - a portable ladder which represents either a modification or acombination of design or construction features in one of the general-purpose types ofladders previously defined, in order to adapt the ladder to special or specific uses.Trolley ladder - a semifixed ladder, nonadjustable in length, supported by attachments toan overhead track, the plane of the ladder being at right angles to the plane of motion.Side-rolling ladder - a semifixed ladder, nonadjustable in length, supported byattachments to a guide rail, which is generally fastened to shelving, the plane of theladder being also its plane of motion.Ladder Safety Rules•All wood parts must be free from sharp edges and splinters; sound and free from accepted visual inspection from shake, wane, compression failures, decay, or other irregularities.•Ladders must be maintained in good condition at all times, the joint between the steps and side rails must be tight, all hardware and fittings securely attached, and the movable parts shalloperate freely without binding or undue play.•Metal bearings of locks, wheels, pulleys, etc., shall be frequently lubricated.•Ladders must be inspected frequently and those which have developed defects must be withdrawn from service for repair or destruction and tagged or mark ed as “Dangerous, Do Not Use”.•Ladders with broken or missing steps, rungs, or cleats, broken side rails, or other faulty equipment shall not be used; improvised repairs are not allowed.•Ladders must not be used in a horizontal position as platforms, runways, or scaffolds.•Place portable ladders so that the side rails have a secure footing. The top rest for portable rung and cleat ladders must be reasonably rigid and shall have ample strength to support the applied load.•Ladders shall not be placed in front of doors opening toward the ladder unless the door is blocked open, locked, or guarded.•No ladder should be used to gain access to a roof unless the top of the ladder shall extend at least3 feet above the point of support, at eave, gutter, or roofline.•All portable rung ladders must have nonslip bases when there is a hazard of slipping. Nonslip bases are not intended as a substitute for care in safely placing, lashing, or holding a ladder that is being used upon oily, metal, concrete, or slippery surfaces.• A simple rule for setting up a ladder at the proper angle is to place the base a distance from the vertical wall equal to one-fourth the working length of the ladder.L ADDER S AFETYObjective: To learn about different types of ladders and how to use them safely.Step and Straight Ladder GuidelinesMost of us use ladders from time to time - at our worksites, in the office, or at home. Yet few of us stop to review the basic rules for working safely with ladders. The following safety guidelines can help anyone who works with ladders prevent accidental falls, injuries, and disability.Step Ladders Straight Ladders✓Never climb past the second rungfrom the top.✓Make sure that the spreaders are functional and locked in place before climbing the ladder. ✓If the ladder is positioned by a door or walkway, lock the door orbarricade the walkway to prevent collisions.✓Do not overreach while working on a step ladder - reposition the ladder to avoid leaning over the base of support.✓Use the four-to-one rule: position the ladder base one foot away from the wall for every four feet of ladder height (up to the support point). ✓Never climb past the third rung from the top on a straight ladder. ✓ A straight ladder should extend at least 3 feet past its support point. ✓Tie down your ladder as close to the support point as possible. ✓Make sure straight ladders have safety feet.✓To avoid overreaching, do not let the trunk of your body extend past the side of the ladder.General Guidelines▪ Persons who work on ladders should wear slip-resistant footwear, and make sure that ladder rungs are free of oil, grease, or other slippery substances. ▪ Before climbing any ladder, check its condition: ▪ Are nuts and bolts tightened? ▪ Are rungs secure? ▪ Do spreaders work?▪ Are safety feet functional?▪ If the ladder is in good condition, climb and descend it facing the ladder itself, and holding on with both hands.▪If you must carry tools, use a tool belt or a bucket attached to a hand line to pull tools upand down.▪ Hold on to the ladder with one hand at all times.▪REMEMBER, never use a metal ladder when working with electrical current.Prevent a FallBy using these tips for ladder safety, you can help prevent accidental falls, injuries, and disability. All of us use ladders from time to time, so ladder safety should be everyone’s concern.Supervisor Safety Checklist – Ladder Safety目的梯子在不安全行为和不安全状态下具有特殊的危险。

梯子安全使用须知 Ladder safety use

梯子安全使用须知[事实]美国工人统计局数据显示，1996年共有25,383人在工作中从梯子跌落受伤，其中有95人死亡，而伤者中又有30%受伤请假超过30日以上。

正确选用梯子当需要在高处作业时，要如何选择梯子或脚手架呢？简单的原则是长时间工作或须要水平移动的工作，最好使用脚手架。

如果需要使用梯子则必须选择适合的梯子，梯子基本上分为两类，一是直梯（straight ladder），一是人字梯（stepladder）。

直梯不能单独站立，必须靠在固定物上，美国职业安全卫生署规定直梯顶端长度须比欲到达的水平面高出91公分（3呎）以上，通常称为超伸，超伸的目的主要是使直梯的重心向固定物靠近，梯子在人员上下时较不容易翻覆。

但如果直梯无法符合超伸要求的话，则梯子顶部须固定，且梯子应有装有抓扶装置或扶手，以提供人员与梯子在上下时随时能保持三点接触（即两脚及一手）。

市面上有金属、木质及玻璃纤维等材料的梯子，究竟要使用什么材料梯子才好呢？虽然许多人都知道金属梯不可以使用在触电危险的场所里，但在美国每年仍有不少人因金属梯倒落在裸露线而触电死亡的，但特别要注意，即使是木梯及玻璃纤维梯在潮湿下同样可能会发生触电的问题。

玻璃纤维梯虽然有强度及质轻的优点，但玻璃纤维材质却很容易因受阳光曝晒而劣化，另外一些化学物也容易破坏玻璃纤维。

因此，在使用玻璃纤维梯时要特别检查如变色或龟裂等损坏的特征。

木梯则有比铝梯重且易老化损坏的缺点。

选择梯子应注意其最大载重限制，体重过重人员或携带过重物品上下梯子时应特别留意。

美国依梯子载重分为轻工作（light duty）、中工作（medium duty）、重工作（heavy duty）及超重工作（extra heavy duty）四个等级，最大载重分别为91公斤（200磅）、102公斤（225磅）、114公斤（250磅）及136公斤（300磅）。

（目前国内并无此规范）使用前的检查梯子使用安全最大的问题在于一般人在使用前未做检查。

LadderSafety(梯子安全)

Straight or extension ladders
• Place the base of your ladder on a firm and level surface – Make sure that both feet are on the ground. – Use leg levellers on uneven surfaces. – On wet or unstable ground, brace the base to keep it in place, such as by nailing a two-by-four to the ground. – Do not place a ladder on unstable surfaces such as boxes or pallets. • Set up your ladder at the required angle – Use the 4-to-1 Rule: For every 4 feet (1.2 metres) up, place the base of your ladder 1 foot (0.3 metres) from the wall or upper support that it rests against. • Position and secure your ladder for safe access – If you will be getting off the top of your ladder to access your work area, your ladder’s side rails must extend at least 1 metre (3 feet) above the level or upper landing you are accessing. Tie off your ladder’s side rails at the top. • Place the top of your ladder against a stable surface – Make sure both side rails are equally supported, unless your ladder is equipped with a single-support attachment.

梯子安全

警告:不要在电气设备附近使用金属梯子(如配电中心,蓄电池室)
© ABB Group January 8, 2019 | Slide 12
梯子的检查
检查每个梯子：

在每个班次第一次使用前任何发生的事故可能影响到梯子的安全使用时都要检查
© ABB Group January 8, 2019 | Slide 13
预防事故基本原则

在梯子上不要过度伸张身体，在梯子上不要伸手去触任何一侧超过您一手臂长的东西, 必要时移动梯子到合适的位置不要爬上摆动的梯子保持梯子和工作鞋干净

移动前进行仔细检查
只能一人在梯子上操作当您仍在梯子上时,不要在梯子上试图走到另一个工作地点不要从梯子或升起的可以旋转的物体上跳跃

绝不要站在人字梯顶部梯级/平台上
不要超过允许的高度，如果没有标记不要超过从上向下数第三阶。（可用红色标记最高登高点）与其他操作、交通和行人分开参考: GB7059.2-86 和GB7059.3-86 木制/轻金属可移动人字梯安全标准

橡胶梯脚
© ABB Group January 8, 2019 | Slide 18
参考资料

GB4053.1-93，固定式钢直梯安全技术条件
GB4053.2-93，固定式钢斜梯安全技术条件
GB7059.1-86，移动式木直梯安全标准 GB7059.2-86，移动式木折梯安全标准 GB7059.3-86，移动式轻金属折梯安全标准 OSHA 29CFR1910.25，移动式木梯 OSHA 29CFR1910.26，移动式金属梯 OSHA 29CFR1910.27，固定式梯子

How to use ladder-安全使用梯子

梯子安全使用

当通过梯子进入到高处时，确保梯子固定牢靠，并超出落脚点至少3尺（0.9米），以提供安全扶手。
CONFIDENTIAL
AUTO INERGY DIVISION
梯子安全使用

梯子底部必须牢固固定。登高时，必须穿着合适的鞋子（防滑、平底）。
CONFIDENTIAL
AUTO INERGY DIVISION
CONFIDENTIAL
AUTO INERGY DIVISION
梯子安全使用

脚踏缺失时，严禁使用。人字梯没有支撑杆或其他锁紧装置时，严禁使用。
CONFIDENTIAL
AUTO INERGY DIVISION
Contact: Temporem AUTEM - 00 00 00 00 00 / temp.autem@
梯子安全使用

梯子必须在稳固、水平的地面使用，不能在不平整的表面使用。使用前，必须保证梯子完全展开。
CONFIDENTIAL
AUTO INERGY DIVISION
梯子安全使用

为防止行人在梯子下方或附近行走，必须使用护栏等防护措施，或者让同事现场监护。
CONFIDENTIAL
AUTO INERGY DIVISION
梯子安全使用

严禁站在梯子上后倾来工作，时刻保持身体重心在梯子侧栏中间。
CONFIDENTIAL
AUTO INERGY DIVISION
梯子安全使用

避免在门口使用梯子，必须时，确保门已上锁。
CONFIDENTIAL
AUTO INERGY DIVISION
梯子安全使用

梯子必须检查、维护及存储良好。使用前，必须仔细检查，确保梯子没有可见缺陷，处于良好的工作状态。严禁使用有缺陷的梯子。

Ladder Safety Training Course梯子安全培训课程

Ladder Safety training
Ladder Safety 梯子安全
Ladder Safety training
爬梯安全使用注意事項
梯子是最容易被使用來到达工作区域的工具，它应只适用于短时间且轻便的作业；
然而，此項作业仍有其危险性:
--- 許多爬梯的意外事故皆发生在短于30分钟內的作业，梯子的长度越长，在使用上也就有更多的问題，除了更难控制外也不易有效地收放梯腳，且在使用時更易搖晃，故在使用梯子前需先确定已別无他法才使用；
A 字梯的安全使用規則– “Do’s and Don’ts”
絕不可
•將木质的A字梯油漆-油漆之后瑕疵就不容易被发现
•使用不正确或是損害的梯子
•將工具或材料放置在梯子上 •使用延展的部分做为施工平台 •使用A梯做为延长的梯子 •有超过一个以上的人同时使用梯子 •在強风中使用梯子
Ladder Safety training
Ladder Safety training
規則 3
当作业开始时如果梯子放置的方式及位置正确，那发生危害的机率会大幅下降；
在放置梯子时要确定梯子放置的兩側都是牢固且一样高度的；当要使用梯子到达屋頂或工作平台时，一定要确定梯子有超出平台3呎，千万不要將梯子靠置在不合适的面；
Ladder Safety training
Ladder Safety training
爬梯安全使用注意事項
現今在工业中最常使用的移动式梯子包括A字梯、拉梯、桥梯。很多意外事故的发生都是因为使用梯子來代替较安全且较有效率的施工架或移动式施工平台；
为了方便双手攀爬，请确定轻型的工具皆以背包或腰包携帶，重型或大体积的物品不应該携帶上下梯子，如有需要应使用滑轮或其他吊挂設备；

Portable Ladder Safety 便携式梯子安全

PORTABLE LADDER SAFETY1 IntroductionAccidents involving ladders are common in the workplace because this tool is often abused and/or used improperly. The following section is intended to provide some guidelines and requirements for the safe use of ladders.2 ScopeThis safe work procedure relates to portable and fixed ladders, including stepladders, straight ladders, extension ladders and fixed ladders.Legislation3 ApplicableThe requirements for the safe use of ladders are covered in Part XVI of the Occupational Health & Safety Regulations under regulations Sections 252 to 256.Standards4 LadderPortable ladder design, construction, and use must conform to the requirements of one or more of the following internationally accepted standards:• Canadian Standards Association CSA standard CAN3-Z11-M81, “Portable Ladders,” or• American National Standards – ANSI A14.1-1990 – “Safety Requirements for Portable Wood ladders,” or• American National Standards – ANSI A14.2-1994 – “Safety Requirements for Portable Metal ladders,” or• Any other standards acceptable to Saskatchewan Labour, Occupational Health & Safety5 PortableLaddersPortable ladders are available in several models, the most common of which are stepladders, single ladders, and extension ladders, which are the main types discussed in this procedure. Ladders are made out of three main types of materials (e.g. aluminium, wood or fibreglass). Each model and/or type of material has certain advantages and disadvantages. Selection of the correct ladder for the type of work activity is important to ladder safety.PORTABLE LADDER SAFETYLadders5.1 SingleSingle ladders consist of two side rails and evenly spaced rungs. They do not have any moving parts, are non-self-supporting and are not adjustable in length. They are limited to a single section. Their size is defined by the overall length of the side rail, excluding any foot or end caps. Their rung width is at least 300 mm (12 in) for ladders up to 3 m (10ft) in length. Rung width will increase 1 mm for each additional 100 mm of length (0.125 in/ft). The maximum length of single ladders must not exceed:Type 1 – Heavy duty – 9 m (30 ft)Type 2 – Medium duty – 7.3 m (26 ft)Type 3 – Light duty – 5 m (16 ft)5.2 ExtensionLaddersExtension ladders are non-self-supportingportable ladders that are adjustable in length.They consist of two or more sectionstravelling in guides or brackets and arrangedso as to permit adjustment.Their size is defined by the sum of thelengths of the side rail of each section,excluding any foot or end caps. However,because extension ladders must maintain aminimum amount of overlap betweensections, their effective use length is reducedfrom their size (e.g. when properly extended,a “20 foot extension ladder” is only 17 feetlong).The rung width of the fly (top) section of anyextension ladder must be is at least 300 mm(12 in). Rung widths of the other sections willbe larger, and vary; depending on thenumber of sections of the ladder, but in allcases must comply with the applicablestandard to which the ladder is certified.PORTABLE LADDER SAFETYTable 1. Maximum Length of Extension Ladders(Wooden and Metal Ladders): Maximum Length of LadderGrade of Ladder Number of Sections Metres FeetHeavy Duty – Type I 2 3 18 22 6072Heavy Duty – Type II 2 3 15 18 4860Light Duty – Type III 2 9.5 325.3 StepladdersA stepladder is a self-supportingportable ladder, non adjustable inlength, with flat steps and ahinged back.The length (size) of a stepladderis determined by the length of thefront side rail, including the topcap and foot.The slope of stepladders isdesigned so that when the ladderis properly opened and secured,the angle of inclination of thefront section is not more than 75º.5.4 Ladder MaterialsAs mentioned, ladders are made out of three main types of materials (e.g. wood, aluminium, or fibreglass).5.4.1 WoodAdvantages• Are non-conductors of electricity, when dry;• Best natural insulator against heat;• Durable and strongPORTABLE LADDER SAFETYDisadvantages• Age very fast, and are very susceptible to drying and splitting with age or exposure to weather;• Need a clear, protective finish (e.g. varnish) to preserve the wood and extend the useful life;• The protective varnish finish would be redone annually to ensure protection of the wood;• Some manufacturers use an oil finish to preserve the wood, unfortunately this oil preservation material will conduct electricity5.4.2 AluminiumAdvantages• Strong and durable material, which withstands routine use without damaging;• Will not crack when subjected to a sever impact;• Do not require a protective coatingDisadvantages• Conduct electricity and therefore should never be used around electrical equipment;• Conduct heat very rapidly;• Can be bent/damaged and still be used, eventually failing without warning5.4.3 FibreglassAdvantages• Are non-conductors of electricity, when dry;• Even though some fibreglass ladders are aluminium, there is no metal connecting the rungs, and therefore are still considered to be a non-conductor of electricity;• Generally comparable to wood in characteristics and performance; • Does not dry out and split when exposed to sunlight or stored near heat source, but surface colours may fade;• Dense material and does not conduct heat very well;• Does not require a protective finishDisadvantages• Generally heavier or equal weight than aluminium or wooden models(i.e. no significant weight advantages);• Tends to chip and crack under severe impact;PORTABLE LADDER SAFETY• Although not subject to deterioration form sunlight, the surface of the fibreglass may fray or peel thin fibres with age;• Not a malleable material and behaves similar to wood whenoverloaded;• Does nor bend when overloaded, but will rather crack and fail suddenly5.5 Ratings and TypesManufactured ladders are rated to the duty or service to which they will be putand the working load under which they will be used in a standard inclinedposition. The following table provides the different grades of ladders and loadsthey are rated for:Table 2. In-Line Load Ratings & Duty Type(Wooden and Metal Ladders)Duty Rating & Type Working Load (pounds)Extra Heavy Duty – Type IA 300Heavy Duty – Type I 250Medium Duty – Type II 225Light Duty – Type III 200Work6 Electrical• Metal ladders (e.g. aluminium) should NEVER be used for electrical work, or in close proximity to overhead power lines and/or electrical circuits;• Wooden ladders with metal reinforcing rods shall NOT be used for electrical work, due to the danger of inadvertent electrical contact;• Wooden ladders or fibreglass ladders are acceptable for using near or during electrical work, however they must be completely dry;• Wooden ladders that are damp or wet can conduct electricity and should NOT be used when working on, with or around electrical equipment or electrical powersourcesInspections7 Ladder• Ladders should be inspected before each use for loose or damaged rungs, steps, rails or braces and to detect other obvious signs of damage or deterioration. Ifthey can be moved by hand, they are too loose;• Check the ladder rungs to be sure that they are free of any slippery material;PORTABLE LADDER SAFETY• Ensure that stepladder spreaders are sturdy, tight and can be properly locked in place;• Check all ladder hardware, nuts, bolts, spreaders, etc. for tightness and good repair with particular attention to locking mechanisms;• Check pulleys on extension ladders for good condition and proper lubrication. If pulleys are damaged, they should be replaced;• Check ropes on extension ladders and replace any frayed or worn ropes;• Check for damaged or excessive wear on the non-slip feet;• Check ladders for twisted or distorted rails. Do not attempt to straighten, or allow to remain in use, any bent or bowed metal ladder;• In wooden ladders, check for rot, decay, or warped rails;• Check for missing identification and/or warning labels;• Where damage to or deterioration of any ladder is encountered, a qualified person must determine whether or not the ladder can still be used;• Ladders cannot be safely repaired. If the damage is significant enough to affect the safety of the unit, the ladder must be immediately removed from service,destroyed, and replaced as soon as possible;• Ladders should also be thoroughly examined/inspected once every three (3) months and a record of those inspections should be kept on file for futurereferenceMaintenance8 Ladder• The feet of ladders, especially straight or extension ladders, should be equipped with slip-resistant surfaces;• Untreated wooden ladders should be stored in dry areas to prevent moisture or water absorption;• Wooden ladders must not be painted, since this may hide serious defects that may develop. A wood preservative or clear finish coating (e.g. varnish) should be used to protect the ladder;• Avoid painting the rungs/steps with anything, even clear coatings, unless a non-slip material has been added to prevent slipping;• Ladders constructed from fibreglass should be cleaned and sprayed lightly with a clear or pigmented lacquer or paste wax once every three (3) months to reduce deterioration (weathering);• When transported on a vehicle, ladders should be properly supported and secured using proper “tie down” straps. Avoid using rubber “bungy cords” unless the travel distance is short;PORTABLE LADDER SAFETY9 Proper Ladder Use9.1 General• Place the ladder on a solid, firm, flat surface. The feet of straight, extension or stepladders should always be level. A board may be necessary to ensure thatit’s level or to prevent it form sinking into soft ground;• NEVER place a ladder against an unstable surface;• Keep the area around the base of the ladder uncluttered;• Unless a ladder us designed for the additional weight, only one (1) person should be on a ladder at any one time;• Do NOT overload any ladder;• Obtain assistance when handling a heavy or long ladder; always make sure that a ladder is not placed in front of a door that opens toward the ladderunless the door is locked, blocked, or guarded;• Never deliberately allow a ladder to fall to the ground, or drop one from height;too much damage may result;• Before using a ladder always check your shoe soles and ladder rungs (or steps) to ensure that they are free of any slippery material (grease, oil, paint,snow, ice, etc.);• Do not climb/use a wet ladder;• Do not use straight ladders or stepladders in a horizontal position as a platform or scaffold, they are not designed for it;• Go up and down a ladder facing the ladder, taking only one (1) step at a time.Hold onto either the side rails or rungs with both hands when climbing up ordown a ladder.;• NEVER climb a ladder “one-handed” while carrying something in the other hand. Carry tools in a tool belt and use a hand line to raise or lower largeobjects, parts, tools, etc;• When working on ladders keep your body centered between the rails of the ladder and NEVER over-reach to the side or attempt to reach too high as youmay lose your balance;• NEVER use makeshift items such as a chair, barrel, or box, etc., as a substitute ladder;• NEVER position a ladder on top of a table, box, chair, or other potentially unstable surface;• NEVER place a ladder against an eaves trough, windowpane or sash. Fastena board (do not use nails) across the top of the ladder to give a bearingsurface at each side of the window;• NEVER use any type of ladder during strong winds or storms except in emergencies, and then only; when they are securely “tied-off”;PORTABLE LADDER SAFETY• Carry ladders in a horizontal position, with the feet to the rear and the top of the ladder to the front and slightly higher than the back. Where the ladder is long, use two people to carry it, one at either end;• NEVER place any ladder (straight or stepladder) on tables, boxes, or other item that is not designed to take such weight or loading;• Do not leave an erected ladder unattended, unauthorized people may attempt to use it;• NEVER attempt to “walk,” “hop,” or laterally move a straight ladder or extension ladder while standing on it;• If you need to work with both hands, lock one leg around a rung (provided the ladder has been tied off);9.2 Stepladders• When using a stepladder, make sure that it is fully open and that its spreader bar is securely locked;• NEVER stand on the top two (2) steps of stepladders;• NEVER stand on the to step or platform of a stepladder;• NEVER stand on the “paint shelf” or bucker holder of a stepladder;• Make sure that the stepladder is placed on a firm and level footing to ensure that it doesn’t slip;• If you need to reach a height in excess of twenty (20) feet, use a straight ladder or an extension ladder;• When using a stepladder for access to high places, always have a second worker support the stepladder or “tie-off” the stepladder to prevent it formslipping;• Do not place a stepladder close to, or against pipes containing acids, chemicals, sprinkler systems;• NEVER attempt to “walk” or move a stepladder while standing on it;• NEVER use a stepladder while leaning it against a wall or other vertical surface; use a straight ladder or extension ladder instead.PORTABLE LADDER SAFETYLadders9.3 Straight/Extension• When erecting straight or extension ladders, check for overhead hazards, including power lines;• Both railings of the top section of a straight or extension ladder must be resting on a firm support;• When using an extension ladder, the sections must overlap by at least 1 m (39”) for ladders up to 11 m (36 ft) in length; 1.2 m (4ft) for ladders between 11 m (36 ft) and up to 15 m (48 ft); 1.5 m (5ft) for ladders between 15 m (48ft) and up to 22 m (72 ft);• With straight or extension ladders, use the “4 to 1” rule to determine the necessary length and placement. This simply means that the ladder should be placed (1) foot away from the base of the object for every four (4) feet inheight to the place where the top of the ladder rests;• Make sure that the locking device is fully secured on extension ladder before using;• When a ladder is used to climb onto a platform or roof make certain that it extends at least three (3) feet (90 cm) above the platform or roof edge contact point, to provide for support to the worker when getting off/on the ladder;• When using a ladder for access to high places, always securely “tie-off” the ladder to prevent it from slipping;• When working with power equipment from a ladder, regardless of the height, make sure it is firmly secured or “tied-off” at the top;• NEVER attempt to “walk” or move a straight or extension ladder sideways while standing on it;• NEVER slide down the side rails of ladders;• For long ladders, get assistance when raising or lowering them. It basically requires at least two people to do it safely (see below);• Ensure that two workers are present when a ladder is being secured or released;• Do not stand higher than the fourth rung from the top on straight or extension ladders;• The sections of extension ladders are to be used together as a unit and are not to be taken apart and used individually as single ladders.9.4 Specialty/Multi-purpose LaddersThese are ladders that are designed to allow use in several different configurations, aw well as being able to fold for storage. Because of their design, regular inspection of their locking mechanisms is critical. It is essential that the manufacturer’s instructions are read and followed before using.PORTABLE LADDER SAFETY9.5 Raising a Long LadderRaising a long extension ladder requires a minimum of two people, following a standard procedure. Raising very long and heavy ladders may require additional people.First, lay the ladder on the ground at a right angle to the wall or object to be climbed. The fly section should be against the ground (i.e. the ladder face down). The foot end of the ladder should be situated near the point where it will be located away from the wall or object to be climbed (i.e. proper 4:1 distance away).One person should brace the foot end of the ladder to prevent movement.Next, the second person will lift the top end and walk underneath the ladder, raising it while moving forward to the other person.An alternate method is to turn the ladder on its edge and walk underneath the side rail, raising it while moving forward towards the other person.Once the ladder is in a vertical position, and braced by both people, the extension (fly) section should be raised using the rope provided. Once the ladder has been extended to the required length, the ladder should be slowly lowered against the surface to be climbed.The ladder should then be secured (tied) in place at the bottom (if applicable). If only to be secured (tied) at the top, one worker shall steady the ladder while the other climbs and ties off the ladder.PORTABLE LADDER SAFETY10 Which Ladder to ChooseSelecting the correct size and type of ladder is essential to safety when working off the ground level. The following table will assist in selection.Table 3. Ladder Selection GuideLadder TypesExtension Ladders StepladdersMaximum height you need to reach Size of extensionladder requiredMaximum height youneed to reachSize of stepladderrequiredMetres (approx) FeetMetres(approx.)FeetMetres(approx.)FeetMetres(approx.)Feet2.7 9 4.8 16 1.8 6 0.6 24 13 6 20 2.1 7 1.2 45.2 17 7.3 24 2.4 5 1.5 56.4 21 8.5 28 2.7 9 1.8 67.6 25 9.8 32 3.0 10 2.1 78.5 28 11 36 3.4 11 2.4 89.5 31 12.2 40 4 13 3.0 10 Another “rule of thumb” to use to help you select the correct ladder length is:For extension ladders:Up to 25 feet in height, choose a ladder length seven (7) feet longer •• • Over 25 feet in height, choose a ladder eight (8) feet longerFor stepladders:Choose a ladder three (3) feet less than the height you wish to reachPORTABLE LADDER SAFETY11 FallProtectionA person may work from a portable ladder without fall protection, provided that:The work is a “light duty” task of short duration at each location; and •• • • The worker’s centre of gravity (body mass) is maintained between the ladder side rails; andThe worker will generally have one hand available to hold on to the ladder or other support; andThe ladder is not positioned near an edge or floor opening that would significantly increase the potential fall distance.12 WarningLabelsNewly manufactured ladders are properly labelled to meet the requirements of the respective code/standard that applies to the ladder. These labels are usually found on the side rails or under the steps of a stepladder. These labels are NOT to be removed. Older ladders maybe no longer have the appropriate labels, but the same requirements apply. Where possible, if labels become worn or damaged, they should be replaced. Following are some sample labels that may be encountered.PORTABLE LADDER SAFETYPORTABLE LADDER SAFETY• • • • • • • • • • • 13 Common Causes of Ladder AccidentsOver-reaching from ladders, rather than moving them Standing ladders on boxes, etc., to gain additional height Too much haste in climbing or descending Climbing one-handed while carrying something in the other hand Standing at the very top of a short ladder, rather than getting one long enough for the jobHanging tools from ladder rungs, or leaving tools on the top of the stepladder Throwing tools to a fellow worker on a ladder Placing the ladder at an improper angle Using metal ladders in locations where contact with electric wires is possible Using worn or damaged laddersFailure to secure (tie) the ladder in place。

国内如何选用梯子

国内如何选用梯子1.如果需要使用梯子则必须选择适合的梯子，梯子基本上分为两类，一是直梯（straightladder），一是人字梯（stepladder）。

直梯不能单独站立，必须靠在固定物上，美国职业安全卫生署规定直梯顶端长度须比欲到达的水平面高出91公分（3尺梯子的特别注意事项：呎）以上，通常称为超伸，超伸的目的主要是使直梯的重心向固定物靠近，梯子在人员上下时较不容易翻覆。

2、市面上有金属、木质及玻璃纤维等材料的梯子，究竟要使用什么材料梯子才好呢？虽然许多人都知道金属梯不可以使用在触电危险的场所里，但在美国每年仍有不少人因金属梯倒落在裸露线而触电死亡的，但特别要注意，即使是木梯及玻璃纤维梯在潮湿下同样可能会发生触电的问题。

玻璃纤维梯虽然有强度及质轻的优点，但玻璃纤维材质却很容易因受阳光曝晒而劣化，另外一些化学物也容易破坏玻璃纤维。

因此，在使用玻璃纤维梯时要特别检查如变色或龟裂等损坏的特征。

木梯则有比铝梯重且易老化损坏的缺点。

3、选择梯子应注意其最大载重限制，体重过重人员或携带过重物品上下梯子时应特别留意。

美国依梯子载重分为轻工作（lightduty）、中工作（mediumduty）、重工作（heavyduty）及超重工作（extraheavyduty）四个等级，最大载重分别为91公斤（200磅）、102公斤（225磅）、114公斤（250磅）及136公斤（300磅）。

（目前国内并无此规范）4、如何区分质量好的铝合金梯子铝合金梯子以铝为基的合金总称。

主要合金元素有铜、硅、镁、锌、锰，次要合金元素有镍、铁、钛、铬、锂等。

铝合金梯子密度低，但强度比较高，接近或超过优质钢，塑性好，可加工成各种型材，具有优良的导电性、导热性和抗蚀性，工业上广泛使用，使用量仅次于钢。

梯子安全检查表 ladder safety checklist

A B ID I NSPECTION P OINTV ISUAL C RITERIAO BSERVATION N OTESFixed Ladders :01Is the fixed ladder securely fastened or attached to the wall or mounting surface at the top and the bottom?固定的梯子的底部和顶部是否牢固的固定在墙上或安装表面上？Criteria: Fixed ladders must be secured at least at the top and bottom of the ladder, and must be tightly and permanently fastened to the mounting surface. All fasteners must be tight and without damage or corrosion. 固定的梯子安全，至少顶部和底部必须牢固且永久的固定在安装面上，所有紧固件必须拧紧且腐蚀和损伤。

Look for:30”(0.8 m)30”(0.8 m)•Secure and undamaged attachment to wall•Straight and undamaged rails and rungs•Rust-free fasteners, rungs, and railsAnnual02Are the rungs and beams of the fixed ladder free of corrosion, burrs, dents, unintentional bends or cracks?梯子的梯级和横梁是不是没有锈蚀、毛刺、龟裂、非人为的弯曲和裂缝。

Criteria: Fixed ladder rungs and beams must be free of any structural damage such as flaking rust or corrosion, dents or cuts in the rungs or beams, bent rungs or beams from overloading or impact, and cracks in welded joints.固定的梯级和横梁必须避免任何结构性的损坏，例如生锈或腐蚀脱皮、阶梯或横梁的龟裂和断痕、超载或冲击造成梯级或横梁弯曲、焊接点裂缝。

梯子安全使用课件

梯子安全使用课件
演讲人
目录
01
梯子安全使用基础知识
02
梯子安全使用注意事项
03
梯子安全使用案例分析
04
梯子安全使用培训
1
梯子安全使用基础知识
梯子类型

01
直梯：最常见的梯子类型，用于攀登高度较低的物体
02
折叠梯：可折叠的梯子，便于携带和存放
03
伸缩梯：可伸缩的梯子，适用于不同高度的物体
04
旋转梯：可以旋转的梯子，适用于不同角度的物体
2
梯子使用：遵循梯子使用规范，避免超载
3
梯子维护：定期检查梯子，确保安全可靠
4
2
梯子安全使用注意事项
梯子摆放位置
梯子应放置在坚实、平整的地面上，避免在湿滑、松软或倾斜的地面上使用。
1
梯子应远离电线、电缆和其他障碍物，避免与这些物体接触。
2
梯子应远离火源、热源和其他危险区域，避免发生火灾或烫伤。
梯子应放置在通风良好的环境中，避免在密闭空间内使用。
01
04
02
03
梯子高度过高，超过安全范围
梯子没有防滑措施，导致滑倒
梯子放置不稳，导致滑倒
梯子没有固定，导致倾倒
案例分析总结
梯子使用前，应检查梯子是否完好，有无破损、松动等情况
梯子使用时，应遵循“三点接触”原则，确保梯子与地面、墙面等接触牢固
01
03
使用梯子时，应确保梯子稳固，避免梯子滑倒、倾倒
02
梯子使用人数
梯子使用人数不宜过多，以免造成梯子超载
01
梯子使用人数应根据梯子类型和承重能力确定
02
梯子使用人数应遵循安全操作规程，避免发生意外

有图有真相，关于安全使用梯子的5条重点！

有图有真相，关于安全使用梯子的5条重点！根据美国劳工统计局2008-2010年内891起坠落死亡事故分析，有24%的坠落死亡事故是因为不安全使用梯子导致，那么应该如何安全地使用梯子呢？在使用梯子前请先确认以下问题：1你确实需要使用梯子吗？有没有其他更安全的方式来完成此项工作？比如使用脚手架或高架车。

你有没有下面的情形：我需要携带重物吗？我需要在高处工作很久吗？为了完成工作，我需要将身体向梯子外倾斜吗？顶部向外伸出的区域不够长吗？如果以上任何一个问题，你的回答都是肯定的。

那么，请考虑用其它工具来替代梯子吧。

2你应该使用哪种类型的梯子？慎重选择合适的梯子，要确保延伸式梯子的顶部留有1米的长度，以供员工从屋顶安全地上下，太短的梯子会存在危险。

3梯子的状态良好吗？使用之前确认梯子没有缺陷，并且所有部位都是可靠、干净的。

如果不是，应在梯子上贴上“禁止使用”标签，并将其移走送去检修，确保其他人不能使用这个梯子。

4你摆放梯子的方式正确吗？确保梯子摆放的角度是对的；在平整牢固的地面上；顶部和底部都要固定好；留有一定的长度以供员工从梯子与其他平台之间的转换；梯子离电线太近容易导致电击。

下面我们详细阐述上面的几点内容：一、梯子的分类1.便携式梯子 portable ladder可以用人力而不借助机械搬运和安放的梯子，包括直梯、延伸梯、人字梯等。

2.延伸梯 extension ladder由两部分或三部分组成的便携式梯子，并且每一部分的梯框平行于另一部分的梯框。

其长度可以通过一次升降一个梯级来改变。

3.人字梯 stepladder一种自行支撑的便携式梯子，形状类似人字，长度不能调节。

二、梯子的基本要求1.便携式梯子（以下简称梯子）的材料、尺寸、强度等应符合GB/T 17889.1-1999、GB/T 17889.2-1999 等相关要求。

2.梯子的制作材料可以是玻璃纤维、金属、木材等。

3. 直梯的长度不应超过6m，延伸梯全程延伸长度不应超过11m，并应装备限位装置以确保延伸部分与非延伸部分至少有1m重叠。

梯子使用安全要求资料

检查梯子的稳定性
总结词
确认梯子的支撑腿稳固，不会发生倾斜或摇晃。
详细描述
在放置梯子时，应确保梯子的支撑腿平稳地接触地面，没有松动的土壤或石块。同时，检查梯子的折叠机构是否正常，保证梯子在使用过程中不会突然折叠或倒塌。
检查梯子的磨损情况
总结词
查看梯子的踏板、横档和手柄等部位是否有磨损或损坏。
详细描述
梯子断裂问题及解决方案
总结词
01
梯子断裂是非常危险的问题，可能导致使用者严重受伤甚至死
亡。
解决方案
02
确保选择符合安全标准的合格梯子，并定期检查和维护。避免
过度使用或超载，确保每个梯级只承受一个人的重量。
预防措施
03
不使用有明显损伤或缺陷的梯子，避免在不稳定或不平整的表
面上使用梯子。
06
总结与建议
02
正确使用梯子能够确保作业人员的安全，避免意外事故的发生。
梯子使用不当的后果
使用不稳定的梯子可能导致人员摔伤、跌落等意外事故。
未采取适当的安全措施，如未佩戴安全带、未使用支撑物等，会增加作业人员受伤的风险。
梯子的种类与选择
直梯
折叠梯
伸缩梯
铝合金梯
适用于普通高度的攀爬，结构简单，但占地面积
如果需要携带重物攀爬梯子，应尽量分散物品的重量，避免集中承载导致梯子变形或损坏。
04
不同场景下的梯子使用安全要求
在室外使用梯子的安全要求
室外地面状况
确保梯子放置在平坦、坚实的地面上，避免在松软、湿滑或不平
整的地面上使用梯子。
天气条件
避免在恶劣天气条件下使用梯子，如大风、雨雪、冰冻等，这些天气条件可能导致梯子不稳固或滑倒。

登梯子作业安全规定(3篇)

第1篇第一章总则第一条为加强登梯子作业的安全管理，防止事故发生，保障作业人员的人身安全，根据《中华人民共和国安全生产法》及相关法律法规，制定本规定。

第二条本规定适用于所有涉及登梯子作业的单位和个人，包括但不限于建筑、电力、通信、市政、园林、广告等行业。

第三条登梯子作业安全工作应当遵循“预防为主、安全第一”的原则，坚持“以人为本、全员参与”的方针。

第四条单位应当建立健全登梯子作业安全管理制度，明确各级人员的安全责任，加强安全教育和培训，确保作业安全。

第二章作业前的准备第五条作业前，必须对登梯子作业的安全条件进行充分评估，确保作业环境安全。

第六条作业前应检查以下内容：1. 梯子是否完好，有无损坏、变形、锈蚀等情况；2. 梯子与地面、墙面是否稳固，有无滑动、倾斜的风险；3. 作业区域是否存在障碍物、高空坠落物等危险因素；4. 作业区域上方是否有悬挂物，如电线、管道等；5. 作业区域下方是否有行人、车辆等通行；6. 作业人员是否经过安全培训，具备相应的安全技能。

第七条梯子应符合国家标准或行业标准，并根据作业高度选择合适的梯子。

第八条梯子应放置在平整、坚实的地面上，与墙面保持一定距离，确保梯子稳固。

第九条作业人员应穿着合适的劳动保护用品，如安全帽、防护眼镜、防滑鞋等。

第十条作业前，应对作业人员进行安全教育和技能培训，使其了解作业安全注意事项。

第三章作业过程中的安全措施第十一条作业过程中，作业人员应遵守以下安全规定：1. 严禁攀爬梯子的顶部、侧板或横档；2. 严禁在梯子上进行跳跃、奔跑等危险动作；3. 严禁在梯子上放置重物；4. 严禁在梯子上休息或睡觉；5. 严禁将身体探出梯子外；6. 严禁在梯子上进行高空作业，如焊接、切割等；7. 严禁在梯子上使用手机、电子设备等；8. 严禁在梯子上进行维修、清洗等作业。

第十二条作业人员应按照作业程序进行操作，不得擅自更改作业流程。

第十三条作业过程中，应保持梯子稳定，防止梯子滑动、倾斜。

osha教材-stair_ladders 梯子安全

Stairways with four or more risers or more than 30 inches high must have a stairrail along each unprotected side or edge.
OSHA Office of Training & Education
OSHA Office of Training & Education
23
Near Energized Electrical Equipment
If using ladders where the employee or the ladder could contact exposed energized electrical equipment, they must have nonconductive siderails such as wood or fiberglass.
Rails must be able to withstand a force of 200 pounds
OSHA Office of Training & Education
6
Handrails
Stairways with four or more risers, or higher than 30 inches, must be equipped with at least one handrail.
-- DO –
Keep the area around the top and bottom of a ladder clear Ensure rungs, cleats, and steps are level and uniformly spaced Ensure rungs are spaced 10 to 14 inches apart Keep ladders free from slipping hazards

梯子使用安全规定操作规程模板

内部管理系列编号：FS-ZD-04020梯子使用安全规定操作规程
Ladder safety regulations
为规范化、制度化和统一化作业行为，使员工的管理工作有章可循，提高工作效率和员工责任感、归属感，特此制定。

1须穿戴齐全劳保护品，不准穿硬底鞋。

2使用前，应检查梯子牢固可靠。

3使用梯子登高作业应扎好安全带，安全带应系在牢固的结构件上。

4在梯子上工作严禁打闹，不准往下扔东西，递接工具、材料禁止投掷。

5采用梯子登高要有防滑措施，梯子斜度以60°为宜。

6必要时设人看护。

7人字梯中部要用结实的牵绳拉住。

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使用梯子的安全要求

便携式梯子Portable Ladder:a. 梯子要求Ladder requirements1) 禁止使用超过6米便携式人字梯;2) 不能使用超过9米的单阶爬梯与超过18米的加长爬梯;3) 梯子不能有利边、变形、横栏或扶手断裂等情况, 一旦发现立即撤离使用场所;4) 梯子横栏、扶手应防止滑落;5) 人字梯使用时应充分展开中间横梁, 放置在平坦地面, 防止侧翻;6) 梯子应保持干净无油污，无打滑危害存在;7) 木梯不能刷油漆, 金属梯脚必须有橡胶护套.b. 梯子安全使用规则:1) 着地稳固, 无滑动、摇晃危险;2) 面对梯子攀登与作业, 而不能背对着梯子;3) 单个直梯需要有人扶,防止滑动与摇晃;4) 单梯与地面夹角在60~75度, 太陡时可能发生翻倒, 太平时脚可能滑动;5) 单梯与地面接触必须稳固防止滑动, 应高出顶部表面至少0.1米;6) 上下梯子时使用两手抓扶手或横栏;7) 梯子放在门口/门后作业时必须锁门或被保护;8) 用绳子挂小桶协助从地上运送物体、工具等;9) 禁止将短梯接起来当长梯使用;10) 禁止将梯子作脚手架或工作平台使用;11) 金属梯不要靠近电器设备;12) 每个便携式梯子每次只能站一人;13) 身体重心不可脱离梯子中心, 否则需要提供防跌落设施.14) 梯子必须被安全放置或固定, 防止意外翻倒.固定式梯子Fixed Laddera. 固定爬梯高度超过1.5米应在两边设扶手式护栏, 超过2.5米应设笼式(直径至少0.6米)护栏,应设至少高出顶端平面1.1米扶手, 距离地面最低的一级横栏距离地面高度不能高于0.3米, 为了保证安全,不用时应上锁保护b. 在距离地面最多不超过0.9米处应进行固定;c. 超过10米时, 每隔最多6米设置一个中转平台.d. 每梯每次只让一个人攀爬, 尽可能防止小物件或垃圾坠落发生;e. 禁止在护栏或护笼上攀爬.f. 使用绳子挂小桶的方法协助运送物体、工具等.工作平台与脚手架Working in scaffolding/Platform· 不存在结构损坏;· 每两个单元间有斜拉受力支撑;· 脚轮有刹车;· 脚手架每层有足够铺板;· 脚手架铺板要求至少3厘米厚30厘米宽;· 如果脚手架高度超过5米必须进行锚定;· 如果脚手架高度超过3米必须有扶手与踢脚板;确保有禁锢的结构。

梯子安全使用要求范本

工作行为规范系列梯子安全使用要求（标准、完整、实用、可修改）编号：FS-QG-17050梯子安全使用要求Requirements for safe use of ladders说明：为规范化、制度化和统一化作业行为，使人员管理工作有章可循, 提高工作效率和责任感、归属感，特此编写。

1、移动式梯子适用于高度4米以下短时间内可完成的工作，梯子使用前先进行检查。

2、梯子横挡间距一般为30厘米，与地面夹角为60度，顶端与构筑物靠牢，下端应有防滑措施。

3、人字梯应有稳固较链与限制开度拉链。

4、严禁两人站在同一梯子上工作，梯子不得接长或垫高使用，最高两档不得站人。

5、梯子不能稳固搁置时，须设专人扶持或用绳子将梯子与固定物绑牢。

6、梯子上有人时严禁将梯子移动。

7、必需放在门前使用时，要采取防止门被突然开启的措施。

8、上下梯子时，手上不要拿任何物件，而阻碍双手抓住梯子。

9、梯子斜靠在脚手架上使用时，必需系牢，使用人应系安全带。

10、不可将梯子用作垫木、支撑、工作台或其他用途，只能用作攀爬用。

11、电焊，接近任何电线或电气维修时不得使用金属梯。

12、假如必需将梯子置于门后或通道上，应将门或通道设一围护栏或设监护人。

13、在梯子上工作时要面对梯子，假如背向梯子或在某些状况下，那么应使用安全带。

14、电源线、焊线、皮带等严禁跨越梯子。

15、如梯子长度不够而需将两个梯子连接使用时，须用金属卡子接紧，或用铁丝绑接稳固。

16、在工作前须把梯子安置稳固，不可使其动摇或倾斜过度。

在水泥或光滑坚硬的地面上使用梯子时，须用绳索将梯子下端与固定物缚住（有条件时可在其下端安置橡胶套或橡胶布）。

17、在木板或泥地上使用梯子时，其下端须装有带尖头的金属物，或用绳索将梯子下端与固定物缚住。

18、靠在管子上使用的梯子，其上端须有挂钩或用绳索缚住。

19、阻止把梯子架设在木箱等不稳固的支持物上或简单滑动的物体上使用。

20、在梯子上工作时应使用工具袋;物件应用绳子传递，不准从梯上或梯下相互抛递。