Earnest Hemingway

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A-Clean--Well-Lighted-Place

What are their different opinions about a café and a bodega/a bar?
In his opinion, a café was "clean, welllighted" while a bodega was dirty, noisy and unpleasant.
The Iceberg Theory (also known as the "theory of omission") is the writing style of American writer Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway began his writing career as a reporter. Journalistic writing, particularly for newspapers, focuses only on events being reported, omitting superfluous and extraneous matter. When he became a writer of short stories, he retained this minimalistic style, focusing on surface elements without explicitly discussing the underlying themes. Hemingway believed the true meaning of a piece of writing should not be evident from the surface story, rather, the crux of the story lies below the surface and should be allowed to shine through. Critics such as Jackson Benson claim that his iceberg theory, in combination with his distinctive clarity of writing, functioned as a means to distance himself from the characters he created.

Ernest_Hemingway

Written from his experience in the Spanish Civil War. Argues for human brotherhood. (The left picture is the poster of the movie)
The Old Man and the Sea (1952)
Major Works
First works:
Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923) in our time (short stories, 1924) The Torrents of Spring (a novel, 1926)
The Sun Also Rises (1926)
Born: July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Chicago Died: July 2, 1961 in Ketchum, Idaho. You can find such info in textbook on p.320
Ernest Hemingway – An Influential Writer
Comments by Two Authors
1. "He is candid; he is highly skilled; he plants words precisely where he wishes; he has moments of bare and nervous beauty; he is modern in manner but not in vision; he is selfconsciously virile; his talent has contracted rather than expanded ... “ Author Virginia Woolf criticizes Hemingway in a front-page essay published in the New York Herald Tribune Books section. 2. "This time [Hemingway] discovered God, a Creator. . . It's all right. Praise God that whatever made and loves and pities Hemingway and me kept him from touching it any further.“ William Faulkner, one of Hemingway's biggest rivals, comments on "The Old Man and the Sea."

Ernest Hemingway简要介绍

Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), born in Oak Park, Illinois, started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen. After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals. After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution.During the twenties, Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms (1929), the study of an American ambulance officer's disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter. Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel, The Old Man and the Sea (1952), the story of an old fisherman's journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat.Hemingway - himself a great sportsman - liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith. His straightforward prose, his spare dialogue, and his predilection for understatement are particularly effective in his short stories, some of which are collected in Men Without Women (1927) and The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938). Hemingway died in Idaho in 1961.。

海明威英文简介课件

It explores themes of love, death, and war, and is not available for its spare, yet powerful Prose style
Writing style and characteristics
Hemingway's writing style is known for its economy, precision, and consensus He masterfully used simple language to conquer complex emotions and ideas
Literary Status and Influence
Critical Claim
His works have received critical claim and numerical awards, including the Nobel Prize in Literature
Influenced Generations
characterized by a sparse, unadorned style, while Fitzgerald's is more floral and descriptive
Comparison with Faulkner
Faulkner's complex, non-linear narratives and use of stream of commerce difference significantly from Hemingway's straightforward, linear style
War Experience and Literary Creation

海明威简介英文课件

Literary status and influence
Nobel Prize winner
In 1954, Hemingway won't be the Nobel Prize in Literature for his contributions to literature This was a recognition of his status as one of the most important American writers of the 20th century
Childhood and learning
Hemingway had a happy childhood, filled with outdoor activities, sports, and music He attended local schools and showed an early interest in writing, resourced by his mother At the age of 16, he dropped out of high school to work as a reporter for the local newspaper
Spring Dreams in the Battlefield
01
Theme idea
This work portrays the devastation of war on the human soul, as
well as people's desire for love and peace.
02
Analysis of Hemingway's Literature
The Old Man and the Sea

Earnest_Hemingwaykejian

Name: Ernest Hemingway Birth:1899 Death: 1961 Nationality: American
Career: novelist and short-story writer Remembered as: one of the great American writers of the 20th century
The Lost Generation

The Lost Generation is a term used to describe a group of American writers who were rebelling against what America had become by the 1900’s.
He believes that a good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action. Hemingway leaves a lot of room for the readers to understand.
The Hemingway Code Hero 准则英雄、硬汉子

Throughout many of Hemingway’s novels the code hero acts in a manner which allowed the critic to formulate a particular code. He does not talk too much. He expresses himself not in words, but in actions，and his actions are based upon a concept of life.

Ernest Hemingway 海明威英文简介

Ernest Hemingway1899-1961, American novelist and short-story writer, one of the great American writers of the 20th cent.The son of a country doctor, Hemingway worked as a reporter for the Kansas City Star after graduating from high school in 1917.During World War I he served as an ambulance driver in France and in the Italian infantry and was wounded just before his 19th birthday. Later, while working in Paris as a correspondent for the Toronto Star, he became involved with the expatriate literary and artistic circle surrounding Gertrude Stein.During the Spanish Civil War, Hemingway served as a correspondent on the loyalist side. He fought in World War II and then settled in Cuba in 1945. In 1954, Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.After his expulsion from Cuba by the Castro regime, he moved to Idaho. He was increasingly plagued by ill health and mental problems, and in July, 1961, he committed suicide by shooting himself.Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American writer and journalist. He was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris, and one of the veterans of World War I later known as "the Lost Generation." He received the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for The Old Man and the Sea, and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.Hemingway's distinctive writing style is characterized by economy and understatement, and had a significant influence on the development of twentieth-century fiction writing. His protagonists are typically stoical men who exhibit an ideal described as "grace under pressure." Many of his works are now considered classics of American literature.Hemingway's fiction usually focuses on people living essential, dangerous lives, soldiers, fishermen, athletes, bullfighters,who meet the pain and difficulty of their existence with stoic courage. His celebrated literary style, influenced by Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein , is direct, terse, and often monotonous, yet particularly suited to his elemental subject matter.Hemingway's first books, Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923), In Our Time (short stories, 1924), and The Torrents of Spring (a novel, 1926), attracted attention primarily because of his literary style. With the publication of The Sun Also Rises (1926), he was recognized as the spokesman of the “lost generation” (so called by Gertrude Stein). The novel concerns a group of psychologically bruised, disillusioned expatriates living in postwar Paris, who take psychic refuge in such immediate physical activities as eating, drinking, traveling, brawling, and lovemaking.His next important novel, A Farewell to Arms (1929), tells of a tragic wartime love affair between an ambulance driver and an English nurse. Hemingway also published such volumes of short stories as Men without Women (1927) and Winner Take Nothing (1933), as well as The Fifth Column, a play. His First Forty-nine Stories (1938) includes such famous short stories as “The Killers,” “The Undefeated,” and “The Snows of Kilimanjaro.” Hemingway's nonfiction works, Death in the Afternoon (1932), about bullfighting, and Green Hills of Africa (1935), about big-game hunting, glorify virility, bravery, and the virtue of a primal challenge to life.From his experience in the Spanish Civil War came Hemingway's great novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), which, in detailing an incident in the war, argues for human brotherhood. His novella The Old Man and the Sea (1952) celebrates the indomitable courage of an aged Cuban fisherman. Among Hemingway's other works are the novels To Have and Have Not (1937) and Across the River and into the Trees (1950); he also edited an anthology of stories, Men at War (1942). Posthumous publications include A Moveable Feast (1964), a memoir of Paris in the 1920s; the novels Islands in the Stream (1970) and True at First Light (1999), a safari saga begun in 1954 and edited by his son Patrick; and The Nick Adams Stories (1972), a collection that includes previously unpublished piecesErnest Hemingway (1899-1961), born in Oak Park, Illinois, started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen. After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals. After his return to the United States, hebecame a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution.During the twenties, Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms (1929), the study of an American ambulance officer's disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter. Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel, The Old Man and the Sea (1952), the story of an old fisherman's journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat.Hemingway - himself a great sportsman - liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith. His straightforward prose, his spare dialogue, and his predilection for understatement are particularly effective in his short stories, some of which are collected in Men Without Women (1927) and The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938). Hemingway died in Idaho in 1961.。

海明威作品集生平中英文简介

❖ Pound’s advice to Hemingway was particularity and concision. As a journalist, he trained himself in the economy of expression. In Paris he divorced his first wife in 1927 and married the second one, Pauline Pfeiffer.
❖ During the 1930s he wrote less because he had a strong desire for adventure. This desire took him to watch bull-fights and deep-sea fishing near Cuba, big games hunting in the far east of Africa and other such exotic physical masculine athletic pursuits. He created for himself the public image: big game hunter, deep sea fisherman, bullfight aficionado, and roistering drinker. In 1936, he took part in the Spanish Civil War as a journalist, firmly on the Republican side. While in Spain he divorced his second wife in 1940 and married the third one, Martha Gellhorn.

英语国家文化常识

Cultural Knowledge of Major English-Speaking Countries英语国家文化常识1.United States of America:a country of North America with coastlines on the Arctic,Atlanticand Pacific oceans.It includes the noncontiguous states of Alaska and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.The area now occupied by the contiguous48states was originally inhabited by numerous Native Americans,the Indians.2.Washington,D.C.:capital of the United States,coextensive with the District of Columbia.Washington is the legislative,administrative,and judicial center of the United States.The city is also a major tourist attraction and cultural center.3.Abraham Lincoln:16th president of America.As president,he is best remembered forleading the Union through the Civil War and freeing Confederate slaves with the1863 Emancipation Proclamation,for delivering the Gettysburg Address,the most famous oration in American history,on19November1863,in which he claimed that government should be “of the people,by the people,for the people”.4.Pearl Harbor:an inlet of the Pacific Ocean on the southern coast of Oahu,Hawaii.It becamethe site of a naval base after the United States annexed Hawaii in1898.On Sunday,7 December1941,Japanese planes attacked the base,and United States entered World War II the following day.5.George Washington:first president and the founding father of the US.He stands as one ofthe three men—the others being Abraham Lincoln and Franklin Roosevelt—who came to power at the most6.Ralph Waldo Emerson:the most thought-provoking American cultural leader of themid-19th century.As a transcendentalist,Emerson spoke out against materialism,formal religion,and slavery.7.Henry David Thoreau:an American author,naturalist,and philosopher who is best knownfor his essay,Civil Disobedience,an argument for individual resistance to civil government, which would later influence such figures as Mohandas K.Gandhi and Martin Luther King,Jr.8.John Denver:one f the most popular recording artists of the1970s in the US.As country-folksinger/songwriter,Denver’s gentle,environmentally conscious music,like Rocky Mountain High and Take Me Home,Country Roads established him among the most beloved entertainers of his era.9.Mark Twain:American humorist and novelist.Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens,hispseudonym,Mark Twain,was taken from Mississippi riverboat terminology.His humorous tales of human nature,especially The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(1876)and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1885),remain standard texts in high school and college literature classes.10.Earnest Hemingway:one of the most famous American writers of the20th century.He wrotenovels and short stories about outdoorsmen,expatriates,soldiers and others.He is best known for his short novel The Old Man and the Sea(1952)which won him the Nobel Prize in Literature in1954.11.Rocky Mountains:a major mountain system of Western North America,extending around5,100km from northwest Alaska to the Mexican border.12.The New Deal:the collection of political and economic policies and programs promulgatedby the first two administrations of the presidency of Franklin D.Roosevelt.The New Deal policies were aimed at combating the economic miseries of the Great Depression.13.The Beatles:English top group,formed in Liverpool by John Lennon,Paul McCartney andGeorge Harrison.14.Yesterday Once More:a hit song by The Carpenters from their album Now&Then.TheCarpenters were a vocal and instrumental duo,consisting of siblings Karen and Richard Carpenter.They recorded fifteen#1songs in the entire decade of the1970s15.Halloween:celebrated in the United States,Canada,and the British Isles on31October bychildren going door to door while wearing costumes and begging treats and playing pranks.16.Jazz:once described as“the most significant form of musical expression of American blackculture and America’s outstanding contribution to the art of music”.From obscure origins among African Americans in New Orleans a century ago,the music blends elements of African music,work songs,and developing through the blues and ragtime into a new syncopated improvisational style.Jazz flourished in New Orleans before World War I,in Chicago in the1920s,and in New York and throughout the country after that.17.MIT:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,US private university in Cambridge,famous forits scientific and technological training and research.Founded in1861,MIT has schools of architecture and planning,engineering,humanities,arts,social sciences and management(the Sloan School).18.Ping-pong Diplomacy:In1971,a Us table-tennis team paid a visit to China after many yearsof antagonism between the two countries,opening the door for China-US people-to-people contacts.In the fall the same year,the then US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger visited China,followed by another historic visit by President Richard Nixon in1972,which paved the way for the normalization of bilateral relations.19.New York City:the“Big Apple”,the“City That Never Sleeps”—New York is a city ofsuperlatives:America’s most exciting place;its business and cultural capital;the nation’s trendsetter.20.Hollywood:a district of the city of Los Angeles,California,US.Its name is synonymous withthe American movie industry.It became the center of the movie industry by1915.21.Silicon Valley:located around Santa Clara and San Jose,California,being the home of manykey US corporations that specialize in advanced electronic and information technologies.First called“Silicon Valley”by a local news letter writer,the“Valley”became the center of newly developing technologies that many believed would revolutionize computers, telecommunications,and even society itself.22.IMF:the International Monetary Fund,an organization of185countries dedicated topromoting global monetary cooperation and the health and stability of the internationalmonetary system.The IMF supports worldwide economic growth by granting loans and technical assistance to countries in need.The organization was formed in1944.23.University of Cambridge:one of the world’s oldest and most prestigious academicinstitutions.Dating back some800years to1209,Cambridge boasts more than100academic departments and several world-class research centers that have produced more than8-Nobel Prize winners.Its alumni have included such prominent notables as Sir Isaac Newton,Charles Darwin,and Stephen Hawking.24.The British Broadcasting Corporation:usually known as the BBC.Founded in1922as theBritish Broadcasting Company Ltd,it was subsequently granted a Royal Charter and made a state-owned corporation.The corporation produces programs and information services, broadcasting globally on television,radon,and the Internet.25.Stonehenge:a group of standing stones in the west of England.The arrangement of the stonessuggests that Stonehenge might be once used as a religious center and also as an astronomical observatory.26.Robert Burns:widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland,and a lyricist.Among hisbest-known songs are“Auld Lang Syne”and“A Red,Red Rose”.He freely proclaimed his radical opinions,his sympathies with the common people,and his rebellion against orthodox religion and morality.27.Big Ben:one of the world’s largest four-faced clocks,also one of London’s most famouslandmarks.The name,which originally referred to the hour bell,was given in honor of Sir Benjamin Hall,the commissioner of works,according to the legend.28.Hyde Park:located in Westminster borough,London,England,a large public park inwest-central London,England.Distinctive features of the park are Hyde Park Corner(also the Speakers’Corner),the meeting place of soapbox orators.29.M artin Luther King,JHr.:an African-American clergyman who advocated social changethrough non-violent means.A powerful speaker and a man of great spiritual strength,he shaped the American civil rights movement of the1950s and1960s.King won the1963Nobel Peace Prize,becoming at the time the youngest recipient ever.30.GM:General Motors Corporation(GM)is the world’s largest automotive manufacturer formost of the20th century and into the21st It was founded in1908by William C.Durant to consolidate several motorcar companies,based in Flint,Michigan.Its arsenal of brands includes Chevrolet,Pontiac,GMC,Buick,Cadillac,Saturn,Hummer,and Saab.31.London Bridge is falling down:one of the widest-know children’s songs in theEnglish-speaking world and has existed both as a nursery rhyme and as a singing game for a very long time.32.The Mississippi River:the largest river of North America.The River has been a focal pointin American history,commerce,agriculture,literature,and environmental awareness.33.Trafalgar Square:in Westminster,London,England,named for Lord Nelson’s victory at thebattle of Trafalgar.Trafalgar Square is a frequent site of political rallies.34.Gladiator:a2000historical action drama film.It is directed by Ridley Scott and stars RussellCrowe.Crowe portrays General Maximus Decimus Meridius,who rises through the ranks of the gladiatorial arena to avenge the murder of his family and his Emperor.The film who five Academy Awards in the73rd Acadamy Awards ceremony.35.University of Oxford:an autonomous university at Oxford,Oxfordshire,England.It wasfounded in the12th century and modeled on the University of Paris,with initial faculties of theology,law,medicine,and the liberal arts.Oxford has been associated with many of the greatest names in British history.36.Cowboy:used in England meaning“a boy who takes care of cows”.But it is the Americanswho invented two new meanings for it.The first one was the revolutionary patriots’term for pro-British raiders during the American Revolution,while the second kind of cowboy came to national and worldwide attention after the American Civil War,when for two decades thousands of cowboys drove millions of longhorn cattle from Texas to the new transcontinental railroads in Kansas and Colorado.Building on this legend,cowboy today still is used to mean someone who is reckless,impulsive,and dangerous.It can also be modified to mean someone who merely puts one airs of being tough or sophisticated:a drugstore cowboy.37.Canada:with a developed market economy that is export-directed and closely linked withthat of the US,Canada is one of the world’s most prosperous countries.It is a parliamentary state with two legislative houses;its chief of state is the British monarch,whose representative is Canada’s governor-general,and the head of government is the prime minister.Originally inhabited by American Indians and Inuit,Canada was visited in AD1000by Scandinavian explorers,whose settlement is confirmed by archaeological evidence from Newfoundland.38.Sydney:capital of New South Wales,Australia.Sydney is Australia’s largest city,chief port,and main cultural center.The dramatic,modernistic Sydney Opera House complex was largely designed by Jorn Utzon,the Danish winner of an international competition;it is now Sydney’s most famous landmark.39.Salzburg:the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg.Salzburg’s“Old Town”with its world-famous baroque architecture was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.The city is noted for the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the setting for parts of the musical and film The Sound of Music,which features famous landmarks in Austria,but focuses mainly on Salzburg.40.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:a prolific and influential composer of the Classical Era in whatis now Austria,but then part of the Holy Roman Empire.He composed over600works,many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic,concertante,chamber,piano,operatic,and choral music.He is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers.41.Buffalo:the second most populous city in the state of New York,second only to New YorkCity.Located in Western New York on the eastern shores of Lake Erie and at the head of the Niagara River,Buffalo is the principal city of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area.42.The Scilence of the Lambs:a1991horror thriller directed by Honathan Demme and starringJodie Foster,and Anthony Hopkins.It is based on the novel of the same name by ThomasHarris.In the film,Clarice Starling,a young FBI trainee,seeks the advice of the imprisoned Lecter on catching a serial killer known only as“Buffalo Bill”.The film won the top five Academy Awards:Best Picture,Best Actress,Best Actor,Best Director and Best Screenplay.43.Madonna:an American recording artist,actress and entrepreneur.Madonna is ranked by theRecording Industry Association of America as the best-selling female rock artist of the20th century and the second top-selling female artist in the United States.She has sold over200 million albums worldwide.In2007,Guinness World Records listed her as the world’s most successful female recording artist of all time and she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the following year.44.Bank Holliday:a public holiday in both the United Kingdom and Ireland.There is someautomatic right to time off on these days,although the majority of the population not employed in essential services receive them as holidays;those employed in essential services usually receive extra pay for working on these days.Bank holidays are often assumed to be so called because they are days upon which banks are shut,but this is not in fact the case.Some of the assumed bank holiday are days on which the banks are shut but are not,in fact,a bank holiday(e.g.Good Friday and Christmas Day).Stephen’’s Day:or called the Feast of St.Stephen is a Christian Saint’s Day celebrated on 45.St.Stephen26December in the Western Church and27December in the Eastern Church.Many Eastern Orthodox churches adhere to the Julian calendar and mark St.Stephen’s Day on27December according to that calendar.46.Boxing Day:a public holiday in the United Kingdom,Australia,Canada,New Zealand,andcountries in the Commonwealth of Nations with a mainly Christian population.The name derives from the English tradition giving gifts(a“Christmas box”)to less fortunate members of society in the days when people worked in rural economies.Boxing Day is traditionally celebrated on26December.Unlike St Stephen’s Day,Boxing Day has become a secular holiday and is not always on26December.The date of observance of Boxing Day varies between countries.47.Martin Luther King,Jr.Day:a United States holiday marking the birthdate of Reverend.Dr.Martin Luther King,Jr.,observed on the third Monday of January eash year,around the time of King’s birthday,January 5.It is one of three United States federal holidays to commemorate an individual person.After King’s assassination in1968,United States Representative John Conyers introduced a bill in Congress to make King’s birthday a national holiday.On November2,1983,United States President Ronald Reagan signed the bill creating a federal holiday to honor King.It was observed for the first time on January2o, 1986.Washington’’s birthday:a United States feral holiday celebrated on the third Monday of 48.WashingtonFebruary.It is also commonly known as Presidents Day(or Presidents’Day).As Washington’s Birthday or Presidents Day,it is also the official name of a concurrent state holiday celebrated on the same day in a number of states.bor Day:a United States federal holiday observed on the first Monday in September(September7in2009).The holiday originated in Canada out of labor disputes(“Nine-HourMovement”)first in Hamilton,then in Toronto,Canada in1870s,which resulted in a Trade Union Act which legalized and protected union activity in1872in Canada.In1882,American labor leader Peter J.McGuire witnessed one of these labor festivals in Toronto.Inspired from Canadian events in Toronto,he returned to New York and organized the first American“Labor Day”on September5of the same year.50.Columbus Day:first became an official state holiday in Colorado in1906,and became afederal holiday in1934.The day has been celebrated in the United States since1792in New York City,and it honors Christopher Columbus,who landed in the Americans on October12, 1492.51.Veterans Day:is an annual American holiday honoring military veterans.Both a federalholiday and a state holiday in all states,it is usually observed on November11.It is also celebrated as Armistice Day or Remembrance Day in other parts of the world,falling on November11,the anniversary of the signing of the Armistice that ended World War I.52.Thanksgiving Day:presently celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November,has been anannual tradition in the United States since1863.It did not become a federal holiday until1941.Thanksgiving was historically a religious observation to give thanks to God,and is still celebrated as such by some religious families,but it is now considered a secular holiday as well.In the United States,certain kinds of food are traditionally served at Thanksgiving meals.Baked or roasted turkey is usually the featured item on any thanksgiving feast table.Stuffing, mashed potatoes with gravy,sweet potatoes,cranberry sauce,sweet corn,other fall vegetables, and pumpkin pie are commonly associated with Thanksgiving dinner.Patrick’’s Day:an annual feast day which celebrated St.Patrick,the most commonly 53.St.Patrickrecognized of the patron saints of Ireland,and is generally celebrated on17th of March.The day is a national holiday of Ireland.It is also a public holiday in Canada,United Kingdom, Australia,the United States,Argentina and New Zealand.It is widely celebrated but is not an official holiday.Today,St.Patrick’s Day is widely celebrated in America by Irish and non-Irish alike.Many people,regardless of ethnic background wear green-colored clothing and items.Celebrations are generally themed around all tings Irish and the color green.The secular version of the holiday is celebrated by wearing green,eating Irish food and/or green foods,imbibing Irish drink and attending parades,which have a particularly long history in the United States.Andrew’’s Day:the first day of Saint Andrew.It is celebrated on30November.Saint 54.St.AndrewAndrew is the patron saint of Scotland,and St.Andrew’s Day is Scotland’s official national day.In2006,the Scottish Parliament designated St.Andrew’s Day as an official bank holiday.Although most commonly associated with Scotland,Saint Andrew is also the patron saint of Greece,Romania,and Russia.Quiz1.Which of the following states is the capital of the United States?A.New York.B.London.C.Washington.D.California.2.Who wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?A.Ralph Waldo Emerson.B.Mark Twain.C.Robert Burns.D.Ernest Hemingway.3.In which city can you see Big Ben?A.Oxford.B.London.C.Cambridge.D.Sydney.4.When does Thanksgiving Day come?A.On the second Sunday in May.B.On the third Saturday of June.C.On the first Monday in May.D.On the fourth Thursdays in November.5.Who gave the famous speech“I Have a Dream”?A.Ralph Waldo Emerson.B.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.C.Christopher Columbus.D.Martin Luther King,Jr.6.Which of the following abbreviations is the world’s largest automotivemanufacturer?A.AMB.GMC.BBCD.MIT7.Which of the following novels was written by Ernest Hemingway?A.The Old Man and the SeaB.The Last IvyC.Pride and PrejudiceD.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn8.Hollywood is synonymous with the American______industry.A.automobileB.movieC.electronicD.novel9.Which of the following rivers is the largest one of North America?A.The Nile.B.The Amazon.C.The Mississippi.D.The Danube.10.Which of the following cities is called the“Big Apple”?A.New YorkB.LondonC.CaliforniaD.WashingtonKeys to Quiz1.C2.B3.B4.D5.D6.B7.A8.B9.C10.A。

Earnest Hemingway

Frederic Henry, an American lieutenant in the Italian Ambulance Service during World War I, falls in love with an English nurse, Catherine Barkley. When Henry, wounded during a bombardment, is sent to a hospital at Milan, Catherine comes to nurse him. They spend a happy summer together. Soon Catherine is pregnant. Henry returns to his post, finds his comrade Rinaldi depressed by the horrors of the war, and shares with him the suffering during the disastrous retreat. Knowing that Catherine has been transferred to Stresa, he goes there in civilian clothes to meet her. But he is suspected and forced to flee with Catherine to Switzerland where they wait fro the birth of their child, but both mother and baby die, leaving Henry desolate and alone in a strange land. The tragic love between Henry and Catherine reveals that the wound, both mental and physical, inflicted on the young by that absurd war can hardly be healed.

13- Ernest Hemingway海明威

3. Telegraphic language: economy and understatement. 4. Zero-degree End: No feeling shown in the end of the
story. 5. Code Hero: His protagonists are typically stoic males
-- emptiness and Isolation of one’s soul and spirit
-- Meaninglessness and disillusion of life
-- Absurdity of the world 小说中竭力表现的一种勇气是面对生活中无法弥补的悲剧所需要的抗争意识和人格尊严；孤寂的心灵需要这样的勇气，否则人类将走向灭亡。
Hemingway trying his hand at bullfighting in Pamplona, Spain
Here, he can be seen (right of center, in white pants and dark sweater) confronting a charging bull.
Lecture 13:
Earnest Hemingway (1899—1961)
Ernest M. Hemingway (1899 - 1961)
★Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist.
• iceberg theory embodied in the strategy of short words, lively conversations, and simple syntax makes thiory

海明威英文介绍

❖ Mother: Music teacher
❖ He once took part in world war Ⅰ, Spanish civil war and world war Ⅱ and these experience created the main source of inspiration the future.
Detailed introduction to Lost Generation
❖ When World War I broke out, many young men volunteered to take part in “the war to end wars” only to find that modern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they thought it to be. Disillusioned and disgusted by the frivolous（轻佻的）, greedy, and heedless（不留心的） way of life in America, they began to write from their own experiences in the war.
The Old Man and the Sea’s
introduction
❖ The Old Man and the Sea is a novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Cuba, and published in 1952. It was the last major work of fiction to be produced by Hemingway and published in his lifetime. One of his most famous works, it centers upon Santiago, an aging fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream. The Old Man and the Sea was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 and was cited by the Nobel Committee as contributing to the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Hemingway in 1954.

2008-2014年江苏高考英语听力试题答案及原文

2008年普通高等学校招生统一考试（江苏卷）第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C.￡9.18.答案是B。

1.Whatistheweatherlike?A.It’sraining.B.It’scloudy.C.It’ssunny.2.WhowillgotoChinanextmonth?A.Lucy.B.Alice.C.Richard.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theman’ssister.B.Afilm.C.Anactor.4.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?A.InRoom340.B.InRoom314.C.InRoom223.5.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inanoffice.C.Athome.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听完每段对话或独白前后，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。

6.WhydidthewomangotoNewYork?A.Tospendsometimewiththebaby.B.Tolookafterhersister.C.Tofindanewjob.7.HowoldwasthebabywhenthewomanleftNewYork?A.Twomonths.B.Fivemonths.C.Sevenmonths.8.Whatdidthewomanlikedoingmostwiththebaby?A.Holdinghim.B.Playingwithhim.C.Feedinghim. 听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。

Earnest Hemingway

Setting: A clean, well-lighted café, somewhere in Spain • The setting is key here, especially since we have very little else to go on. The café is – as you might imagine, clean and well-lighted. It's a pleasant café, and the light creates the shadows of leaves at night. The story is set late at night, and the café is quiet; only the two waiters and a single customer, the old man, sit there. Other than that, we actually don't know anything about the place. We can guess that it's in Spain, or at least in a Spanish-speaking country.The location doesn't matter, though – actually, nothing else matters. This café could be anywhere, at any time. The specifics aren't important at all, and we just have to know that this is a good place to be on a dark lonely night.

Ernest Hemingway 厄内斯特海明威

Ernest Hemingway 厄内斯特海明威（1899-1961）Ernest Hemingway was a novelist and short story writer who became one of the best-known American authors of the 20th century. His lean, economical style has been widely copied by other writers, and his stories of courage in the face of tragedy are re-read by each generation.His LifeHemingway was born in a well-to-do suburb of Chicago. His father was a doctor who like to hunt and fish in his spare time. His mother was an artist. Young Hemingway was an outstanding student at high school, and he already wrote some short stories at that age, in which he rebelled against the prudery（过分拘谨，假正经this is no time for prudery.）and conformity of his respectable parents.Instead of attending university, Hemingway worked briefly as a journalist, but he really wanted to take part in the First World War. When the U.S. Army rejected him because of one bad eye (bad vision), he volunteered first as an ambulance driver in France, and then as a soldier in the Italian infantry. He was badly wounded at the age of eighteen. When he lay in an Italian hospital, he fell in love with a Red Cross nurse, but she refused his proposal of marriage.He returned to Chicago to complete his recovery, and there he met and married his first wife. As soon as he was well, they sailed to France, where Hemingway worked in Paris as acorrespondent for a Canadian newspaper, and as an assistant for an American literary magazine. But his main purpose was to write his own stories.He became a close friend of Gertrude Stain and Ezra Pound, who helped him to develop his characteristic style; Sherwood Anderson also helped him at the start. He read systematically in the great works of Russian, French and American literature, and he associated with other young expatiate writers in Gertrude Stein’s circle, like F. Scott Fitzgerald and E.E. Cummings. His wife bore a son, but they were divorced soon afterwards, and Hemingway married again.During his years in Paris, Hemingway became a master of short fiction. In 1926, his full-length novel, The Sun Also Rises, met with greatsuccess. A second novel, A Farewell to Arms, firmly established his reputation in 1929.Hemingway’s own adventurous life provided much raw material for his strongly masculine stories. During the 1930’s he wrote less because a large part of his time was spent in deep-see fishing near Cuba, where he eventually went to live, big game hunting in Africa, or following bullfights in Spain. In 1937 he took part in the Spanish Civil War as a journalist, strongly supporting the losing Republican side against the Fascist forces of Franco. His experiences provided material for one of his best novels, For Whom the Bell Tolls. While he was in Spain he met and fell in love with a writer and journalist whom he married, after divorcing his second fife. They traveled together to China, as journalists, toreport on the Japanese invasion, and then returned to Cuba.At first, Hemingway created an organization to report on German spies in Cuba, and German submarines off the Cuba coast, only 40 miles from the U.S.A. However, this work was not close enough to the center of the war from Hemingway, so he went to London as a journalist. He flew on several missions with the Royal Air Force, into the heart of battle. He crossed the English Channel with the American forces to report on the invasion of France, and he was present at the liberation of Paris.After the war, he returned to Cuba, divorced his third wife, and married a journalist whom he had met in London. She stayed with him for the rest of his life. Together they continued to have dangerous adventures (they wereinjured in two plane crashes in Africa). In 1952, Hemingway published his last successful novel, The Old Man And The Sea. In 1954, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. That year he was 53 years oldThe Cuban Revolution of 1960 drove forefingers out of Cuba. Hemingway went to live in Idaho, a wild part of the U.S.A. in the Rocky Mountains. He became deeply depressed and so tormented by fears and anxieties that he had to enter a famous hospital for eclectic shock treatments. Two days after retuning to Idaho, he committed suicide by shooting himself with his hunting gun.Hemingway was a man of many contradictions. He was both extremely generous and extremely selfish. He loved life, yet he continually pondered about death. His life was bold andcourageous, yet his courage deserted him in the end.His point of ViewHemingway’s point of view was shaped by his experience as a young man in the First World War, and his near death on the battlefield. Many of his stories dealt with war or injury, and nearly all of them examined the nature of courage. By living through the impersonal violence of the war, by suffering the violent accident of his wound, he felt that he had been cut off form the security of his own past life and from all his bold beliefs and assumptions about life. In a parallel way, he felt that the First World War had broken America’s culture and traditions, and separated it from its roots. Hemingway looked at his world in honest, stark, postwar terms（无修饰的，朴实无华，一丝不挂，天然的，these islands have a stark beauty. ）. He wrote about men and women who were isolated from tradition, frightened, sometimes ridiculous, trying to find their own way. He gave no literary explanations, and no conventional “happy endings” to his stories.In trying to understand the nature of injury and violent death and the courage needed to face them, Hemmingway became a knowledgeable spectator of Spanish bull fighting. Many of his stories contained episodes in the bullring. Risk, danger, grace, skill and death were always present in this traditional, ritualistic sport of Spain. His own love of big game hunting undoubtedly stemmed from his curiosity about these things. In the African jungles, he could test his owncourage and skill against an impersonal, violent enemy, the wild beast, while avoiding the random devastation of modern war.For many years, Hemingway condemned war as purposeless slaughter. His attitude changed when he took part in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). There he found that in opposition to Fascism was a cause worth fighting for. He found a great unity of spirit among his Republican comrades. He saw a significant reason for violence and death outside the bullring.Hemingway’s exploration of courage in his literature took many forms. He wrote about courage and cowardice in battle, where he defined courage as “an instinctive movement toward or away from the center of violence, with self-preservation and self-respect, themixed motives.”He denied the romantic idea that courage was a noble emotion which could govern a man’s action or prepare him to perform a brave act. 勇气是一种高尚的情感，它控制人的行为，使他能够做出勇敢的行动。

美国文学作品问答题

美国文学作品问答题Part III. The Literature of RomanticismPassage 4Once upon a midnight dreary, while i pondered, weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door."Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door—Only this, and nothing more. "Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.Eagerly I wished the morrow; —vainly I had tried to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow-sorrow for the lost.1. Who is the writer of these lines?2. What is the title of this poem from which the selection is selected?3. Recognize the sound devices in the following lines. LI ________ L4 ________L7________ L10________4. Describe the mood of this poem.Answers:1. Edgar Allan Poe2. The Raven3. LI—Alliteration, L4—Onomatopoeia, L7—Internal rhyme, L10—Assonance4. A sense of melancholy over the death of a belovedbeautiful young woman pervades the whole poem, the portrayal of a young man grieving for his lost Leno-re, his grief turned to madness under the steady one-word repetition of the talking bird.Passage 5Lo! in you brilliant window-nicheHow statue-like I see thee stand,The agate lamp within thy hand!Ah, Psyche, from the regions whichAre Holy-Land!1. This is the last stanza of a poem To Helen. Who wrote this poem T o Heleni2. With whom is Helen associated in Line 4 of the present stanza?3. Who is Psyche?Answers1. Edgar Allan Poe2. Psyche3. Psyche is the goddess of the soul in Greek mythology.To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars. The rays that come from those heavenly worlds, will separate between him and vulgar things. One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with this design, to give man, in the heavenly bodies, the perpetual presence of the sublime. Seen in the streets of cities, how great they are! If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and preserve for many generations the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown! But every night comeout these preachers of beauty, and light the universe with their admonishing smile.Questions:1. This paragraph is taken from a famous essay. What is the name of the essay?2. Who is the author?3. What does the author say would happen if the stars appeared one night in a thousand years?4. Give a peculiar term to cover the author's belief.Answers:1. Nature2. Ralph Waldo Emerson3. Then, the men cannot believe and adore the God, cannot preserve there membrance of the city of God which had been shown.4. TranscendentalismPassage 7Standing on the bare ground—my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space—all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.Questions:1. Which work is this selection taken from?2. How do you understand the philosophical ideas in these words?Answers:1. Nature2. Ralph Waldo Emerson regards nature as the purest, and the most sanctifying moral influence on man, and advocated adirect intuition of a spiritual and immanent God in nature. In this connection, Emerson' s emotional experiences are exemplary in more ways than one.3. Now this is a moment of "conversion" when one feels completely merged with the outside world, when one has completely sunk into nature and become one with it, and when the soul has gone beyond the physical limits of the body to share the omniscience of the Oversoul. In a word, the soul has completely transcended the limits of individuality and become part of the Oversoul. Emerson sees spirit pervading everywhere, not only in the soul of man, but behind nature, throughout nature.I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God.1. This passage is taken from a famous work entitled _________ .2. The author of the work is____________ .3. List by yourself at least five reasons that the author gives for going to live in the woods.Answers:1. Walden2. Henry David Thoreau3. Find the answer from the passage.Passage 10Tell me not, in mournful numbers. Life is but an empty dream!For the soul is dead that slumbers, And things are not what they seem. Life is real-life is earnest—And the grave is not its goal. Dust thou art, to dust retumest, Was not spoken of the soul.1. Who is the writer of these lines?2. What is the title of the whole poem from which the two stanzas are taken?3. Summarize the poet’s advice on living.Answers:1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow2. A Psalm of Ufe3. His optimism which has characterized much of his poetry, also endeared many critics to him. He seemed to have persevered despite tragedy. In his poem, The Psalm of Life, he writes: Life is real! Life is earnest! And the grave is not its goal. This is the cry of the heart, "rallying from depression" , ready to affirm life, to regroup from losses, to push on despite momentary defeat.Forth into the sunshine which, falling on all alike, seemed, to her sick and morbid heart, as if meant for no other purpose than to reveal the scarlet letter on her breast. Perhaps there was a more real torture in her first unattended footsteps from the threshold of the prison, than even in the procession and spectacle that have been described, where she was made the common infamy, at which all mankind was summoned to point its finger. Then, she was supported by an unnatural tension of thenerves, and by all the combative energy of her character, which enabled her to convert the scene into a kind of lurid triumph.1. Which novel is this selection taken from?2. What is the name of the novelist?3. What are the symbolic meanings of the scarlet letter on Hester's breast?Answers:1. The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne2. adultery, able, angelPassage 12It was not very long after speaking the Goney that another homeward-bound whaleman, the Town-Ho, was encountered. She was manned almost wholly by Polynesians. In the short game that ensued she gave us strong news of Moby Dick. To some the general interest in the White Whale was now wildly heightened by a circumstance of the T own-Ho's story, which seemed obscurely to involve with the whale a certain wondrous, inverted visitation of one of those so called judgments of God which at times are said to overtake some men. This latter circumstance, with its own particular accompaniments, forming what may be called the secret part of the tragedy about to be narrated, never reached the ears of Captain Ahab or his mates. For that secret part of the story was unknown to the captain of the Town-Ho himself. It was the private property of three confederate white seamen of that ship, one of whom, it seems, communicated it to Tashtego with Romish injunctions ofsecrecy, but the following night Tashtego rambled in his sleep, and revealed so much of it in that way, that when he was wakened he could not well withhold the rest. Nevertheless, so potent an influence did this thing have on those seamen in the Pequod who came to the fullknowledge of it, and by such a strange delicacy, to call it so, were they governed in this matter, that they kept the secret among themselves so that it never transpired abaft the Pequod' s main-mast . Interweaving in its proper place this darker thread with the story as publicly narrated on the ship, the whole of this strange affair I now proceed to put on lasting record.1. From which novel is this paragraph taken?2. What is the name of the novelist?3. Who is Ahab?4. What is Pequod?5. What is the theme of the novel?Answers:1. Moby Dick2. Herman Melville3. The captain of the whaling ship4. The name of the whaling ship5. The rebellious struggle of Captain Ahab against the overwhelming, mysterious vastness of the universe and its awesome sometimes merciless forces.Part IV. The Literature of RealismPassage 1I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.1. These are the first two stanzas in the first section of a long poem entitled2. The name of the poet is___________ .3. Who is the poet celebrating? Whom do lines 2 ~ 3 also include in the celebration?4. What is the verse, structure?5. Take the fifth line as a hint, can you write out the name of the poet’s completed collections of poems? Answers:1. Song of Myself2. Walt Whitman3. The poet is celebrating himself, his own life. Lines 2-3 also include "you”, the readers and their lives in the celebration.4. free verse5. Leaves of GrassPassage 2Because I could not stop for Death—He kindly stopped for me—The Carriage held but just Ourselves—Questions:1. Who is the writer of these lines?2. In which category would you place this poem?A. narrativeB. dramaticC. lyric3. Emily Dickinson is noted for her use of_____________ to achieve special effects.A. perfect rhymeB. exact rhymeC. slant rhymeAnswers:1. Emily Dickinson2. C3. CPassage 3It is impossible to conceive of a human creature more wholly desolate and forlorn than Eliza, when she turned her footsteps from Uncle Tom’s cabin.Questions:1. This is taken from a famous novel. What is the name of the novel?2. What is the name of the writer?3. Who is Uncle Tom?Answers:1. Uncle Tom' s Cabin2. Harriet Beecher Stowe3. He is the main character in the novel, a suffering slave, a victim of slavery.Tom Sawyer stepped forward with conceited confidence and soared into the unquenchable and indestructible "Give me liberty or give me death" speech, with fine fury and frantic gesticulation, and broke down in the middle of it. A ghastly stage fright seized him, his legs quaked under him, and he was like to choke. True, he had the manifest sympathy of the house------ but he had the house’s silence, too, which was even worse than its sympathy. The master frowned, and this completed the disaster. Tom struggled awhile and then retired, defeated.1. Which novel is this passage taken from?2. Who is the author?Answers:1. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer2. Mark TwainPassage 5I took the sack of corn meal and took it to where the canoewas hid, and shoved t, he vines and branches apart and put it in; then I done the same with the side of bacon; then the whisky-jug.I took all the coffee and suga, r there was, and all the ammunition;I took the wadding; I took the bucket and gourd; took a dipper and a tin cup, and my old saw and two blankets, and the skillet and the coffee-pot. I took fish-lines and matches and other things—everything that was worth a cent. I cleaned out the place.I wanted an ax, but there wasn't any, only the one out at the woodpile, and 1 knew why I was going to leave that. I fetched out the gun, and now I was done.Questions:1. Which novel is this passage taken from?2. Analyze the language style of this passage.Answers1. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn2. The words used here are, except perhaps "ammunition" which is etymologically French, mostly Anglo-Saxon in origin, and are short, concrete and direct in effect. Sentence structures are most of them simple or compound, with a series of "thens" and "ands" and semi-colons serving as connectives. The repetition of the word "took" and the stringing together of things leave the impression that Mark Twain depended solely on the concrete object and action for the body and move ment of his prose. And what is more, there is an ungrammatical element which gives the final finish to his style. The whole book does approximate the actual speech habit of an uneducated boy from the American South of the mid-nineteenth century.On his bench in Madison Square, Soapy moved uneasily. When wild geese honk high of nights, and when women without sealskin coats grow kind to their husbands, and when Soapymoves uneasily on his bench in the park, you may know that winter is near at hand.Questions:1. This passage is taken from a short story entitled____________ .2. The author's name is William Sidney Porter. What is his pen name?Answers:1. Vie Cop and the Anthem2. O. HenryPassage 9When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse. Of an intermediate balance, under the circumstances, there is no possibility. The city has its cunning wiles, no less than the infinitely smaller and more human tempter. There are large forces which allure with all the soulfulness of expression possible in the most cultured human. The gleam of a thousand lights is often as effective as the persuasive light in a wooing and fascinating eye. Half the undoing of the unsophisticated and natural mind is accomplished by forces wholly superhuman. A blare of sound, a roar of life, a vast array of human hives, appeal to the astonished senses in equivocal terms. Without a counsellor at hand to whisper cautious interpretations, what falsehoods may not these things breathe into the unguarded ear! Unrecognised for what they are, their beauty, like music, too often relaxes, then weakens then perverts the simpler human perceptions.1. From which novel is this paragraph taken?2. Who is the author of this novel?3. How do you understand "the cosmopolitan standard of virtue"?4. Is there any naturalist tendency in this passage?Answers:1. Sister Carrie2. Theodore Dreiser3. "The cosmopolitan standard of virtue" is something that makes a person become low in virtue and value and become worse.Part V. Twentieth Century Literature (I) Before WWIIPassage 1:In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.Questions:1. Who is the author of this short poem?2. What two images are juxtaposed, or placed next to each other in this poem?3. How do you appreciate this poem?Answers:1. Ezra Pound2. The writer uses the image of "petals" on another image, that is, "wet, black bough".3. In In a Station of the Metro Pound attempts to produce the emotion he felt when he walked down into a Paris subway station and suddenly saw a number of faces in the dim light. To capture the emotion, Pound uses the image of petals on a wet, black bough. The image is not decoration; It is central to the poem's mean? ing. In fact, it is the poem's meaning.Passage 2:And he was rich—yes, richer than a king—And admirably schooled in every grace:In fine, we thought that he was everything To make us wish that we were in his place. So on we worked, and waited for the light,And went without the meat, and cursed the bread; And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, Went home and put a bullet through his head.Questions:1. What is the title of the poem?2. Who wrote this poem?3. How are the "we" of the poem different from Richard Cory?4. Do you think the use of the adjective "calm" in the next-to-hist line is an example of verbal irony? What is verbal irony?5. There is an element of dark humor in the mistaken ideas that the townspeople have of Richard Cory, do you think so?Answers:1. Richard Cory2. Edwin Arlington Robinson3. The "we" in the poem refers to the poor townspeople who live a hard life and admire the rich. But Richard Cory is the rich person who is admired by the poor, and appears to be calm and smart, but with a heart of suicidal despairing.4. Yes, it is an example of verbal irony. Verbal irony occurs when words that appear to be saying one thing are really saying something quite different.The woods are lovely, dark and deep.But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before 1 sleep.1. Who wrote this poem?2. What is the title of this poem?3. What kind of feeling does this stanza show?4 What do you think of this poem?Answers:1. Robert Frost2. "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"3. It shows a kind of sad, sentimental but also strong and responsible feeling.4. It is one of the most quietly moving of Frost' s lyrics. On the surface, it seems to be simple, descriptive verses, records of close observation, graphic and homely pictures. It uses the simplest terms and commonest words. But it is deeply meditative, adding far-reaching meanings to the homely music. It uses its superb craftsmanship to come to a climax of responsibility: the promises to be kept, the obligation to be fulfilled. Few poems have said so much in so little.Passage 4:Hog Butcher for the World,Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat,Player with Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler;Stormy, husky, brawling,City of the Big Shoulders:1. These lines are talking about a big American city which is also the title of the poem. What is it?2. Who wrote this poem?3. What is the city called in the first line?Answers:1. Chicago2. Carl Sandburg3. Hog butcher for the worldLet us go then, you and I,When the evening is spread out against the sky Like a pati ent etherized upon a table;Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets, he muttering retreatsOf restless nights in one-night cheap hotels And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells Streets that follow like a tedious argument Of insidious intentTo lead you to an overwhelming question... Oh, do not ask, "What is it?"Let us go and make our visit. In the room the women come and goTalking of Michelangelo.1. This is the first 14 lines of a famous poem "The love Song of J. Alfred Pnifrock. “What is the name of the poet wrote it?2. What image is created in this passage?3. Do you think Prufrock is a tragic figure? Why?4. Is this poem a dramatic monologue? Why?Answers:1. Thomas Stearns Eliot2. a patient etherized upon a table3. He is a tragic figure. The plight of this hesitant, inhabited man, an aging dreamer trapped in decayed, shabby-genteel surroundings, aware of beauty and faced with sordidness, mirrors the plight of the sensitive in the presence of the dull.4. Yes, it is a dramatic monologue. He is a character created by Eliot, and he speaks directly to us. He tells us his thoughts in leaps and bounds, jumping from one image to another, just as ahuman mind does.Passage 8:The Burial of the DeadApril is the cruellest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire stirring Duil roots with spring rain. Winter kept us warm, covering Earth in forgetful snow, feeding A little life with dried tubers.1. This is the first seven lines of a masterpiece poem. What is the name of this masterpiece?2. Who is the author of this masterpiece?3. What theme can you get from these lines?Answers:1. The Waste Land2. Thomas Stearns Eliot3. The theme of the poem is modern spiritual barrenness, the despair and de?pression that followed the First World War, the sterility and turbulence of the mod?ern world, and the decline and breakdown of Western culture.They were careless people, Tom and Daisy—They smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together and let other people clean up the mess they had made. . .1. Which novel is this passage taken from?2. Who is the writer of this novel?3. What is the author' s attitude toward such persons as Tom and Daisy?Answers:1. The Great Gatsby2. F. Scott Fitzgerald3. The author criticized them as selfish, hypocritical persons.Passage 10:Poor, poor dear Cat. And this was the price you paid for sleeping together. This was the end of the trap. This was what people got for loving each other. Thank God for gas, anyway. What must it have been like before there were anaesthetics? Once it started, they were in the mill-race. Catherine had a good time in the time of pregnancy. It wasn't bad. She was hardly ever sick. She was not awfully uncomfortable until toward the last. So now they got her in the end. You never got away with anything. Get away hell! It would have been the same if we had been married fifty times. And what if she should die? She won't die. People don't die in childbirth nowadays. That was what all husbands thought. Yes, but what if she should die? She won' t die, She' s just having a bad time. Afterward we’d say what a bad time and Catherine would say it wasn't really so bad. But what if she should die?1. Which novel is this passage taken from?2. Who is the writer of this novel from which the passage is selected?3. What do you think of the language style?Answers:1. A Farewell to Arms2. Ernest Hemingway3. Hemingway manages to choose words concrete, specific, more commonly found, more casual and conversational. He employs these kinds of words often in a syntax of short, simple sentences, which are orderly and patterned and sometimes ungrammatical.The migrant people, scuttling for work, scrabbling to live,looked always for pleasure, dug for pleasure, manufactured pleasure, and they were hungry for amusement. Sometimes amusement lay in speech, and they climbed up their lives with jokes. And it came about in the camps along the road, on the ditch banks beside the streams, under the sycamores, that the story-teller grew into being, so that the people gathered in the low firelight to hear the gifted ones.1. Which novel is this passage taken from?2. Who is the writer of this novel?Answers:1. The Grapes of Wrath2. John SteinbeckPassage 12:When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral; the men through a sort of respectful affectation for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant—a combined gardener and cook—had seen in at least ten years.1. Which book is this paragraph taken from?2. Who is the writer of this book?V. Analyze Hie main works.1. Analysis of Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken.2. The story summary and the analysis of Chapter 3 of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby.3. Analysis of John Steinbeck's the Grapes of Wrath.4. Analysis of William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury.Answers:1. A Rose for Emily2. William Faulkner。

Earnest-Hemingway's-Nobel-Prize-Acceptance-Speech

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Writing, at its best, is a lonely life. Organizations for writers palliate the writer’s loneliness but I doubt if they improve his writing. He grows in public stature as he sheds his loneliness and often his work deteriorates. For he does his work alone and if he is a good enough writer he must face eternity, or the lack of it, each day.
No writer who knows the great writers who did not receive the prize can accept it other than with humility. There is no need to list these writers. Every one here may make his own list according to his knowledge and his conscience.
It would be impossible for me to ask the Ambassador of my country to read a speech in which a writer said all of the things which are in his heart. Things may not be immediately discernible in what a man writes, and in this sometimes he is fortunate; but eventually they are quite clear and by these and the degree of alchemy that he possesses he will endure or be forgotten.

Ernest Hemingway 海明威英文简介

课外阅读Hemingway39;ssoldier39;shome

Soldier’s Homeby Ernest HemingwayKrebs went to the war from a Methodist college in Kansas. There is a picture which shows him among his fraternity brothers, all of them wearing exactly the same height and style collar. He enlisted in the Marines in 1917 and did not return to the United States until the second division returned from the Rhine in the summer of 1919.There is a picture which shows him on the Rhone with two German girls and another corporal. Krebs and the corporal look too big for their uniforms. The German girls are not beautiful. The Rhine does not show in the picture.By the time Krebs returned to his home town in Oklahoma the greeting of heroes was over. He came back much too late. The men from the town who had been drafted had all been welcomed elaborately on their return. There had been a great deal of hysteria. Now the reaction had set in. People seemed to think it was rather ridiculous for Krebs to be getting back so late, years after the war was over.At first Krebs, who had been at Belleau Wood, Soissons, the Champagne, St. Mihiel and in the Argonne did not want to talk about the war at all. Later he felt the need to talk but no one wanted to hear about it. His town had heard too many atrocity stories to be thrilled by actualities. Krebs found that to be listened to at all he had to lie and after he had done this twice he, too, had a reaction against the war and against talking about it. A distaste for everything that had happened to him in the war set in because of the lies he had told. All of the times that had been able to make him feel cool and clear inside himself when he thought of them; the times so long back when he had done the one thing, the only thing for a man to do, easily and naturally, when he might have done something else, now lost their cool, valuable quality and then were lost themselves.His lies were quite unimportant lies and consisted in attributing to himself things other men had seen, done or heard of, and stating as facts certain apocryphal incidents familiar to all soldiers. Even his lies were not sensational at the pool room. His acquaintances, who had heard detailed accounts of German women found chained to machine guns in the Argonne and who could not comprehend, or were barred by their patriotism from interest in, any German machine gunners who were not chained, were not thrilled by his stories.Krebs acquired the nausea in regard to experience that is the result of untruth or exaggeration, and when he occasionally met another man who had really been a soldier and the talked a few minutes in the dressing room at a dance he fell into the easy pose of the old soldier among other soldiers: that he had been badly, sickeningly frightened all the time. In this way he lost everything.During this time, it was late summer, he was sleeping late in bed, getting up to walk down town to the library to get a book, eating lunch at home, reading on the front porch until he became bored and then walking down through the town to spend the hottest hours of the day in the cool dark of the pool room. He loved to play pool.In the evening he practiced on his clarinet, strolled down town, read and went to bed. He was still a hero to his two young sisters. His mother would have given him breakfast in bed if he had wanted it. She often came in when he was in bed and asked him to tell her about the war, but her attention always wandered. His father was non-committal.Before Krebs went away to the war he had never been allowed to drive the family motor car. His father was in the real estate business and always wanted the car to be at his command when he required it to take clients out into the country to show them a piece of farm property. The car always stood outside the First National Bank building where his father had an office on the second floor. Now, after the war, it was still the same car.Nothing was changed in the town except that the young girls had grown up. But they lived in such a complicated world of already defined alliances and shifting feuds that Krebs did not feel the energy or the courage to break into it. He liked to look at them, though. There were so many good-looking young girls. Most of them had their hair cut short. When he went away only little girls wore their hair like that or girls that were fast. They all wore sweaters and shirt waists with round Dutch collars. It was a pattern. He liked to look at them from the front porch as they walked on the other side of the street. He liked to watch them walking under the shade of the trees. He liked the round Dutch collars above their sweaters. He liked their silk stockings and flat shoes. He liked their bobbed hair and the way they walked.When he was in town their appeal to him was not very strong. He did not like them when he saw them in the Greek's ice cream parlor. He did not want them themselves really. They were too complicated. There was something else. Vaguely he wanted a girl but he did not want to have to work to get her. He would have liked to have a girl but he did not want to have to spend a long time getting her. He did not want to get into the intrigue and the politics. He did not want to have to do any courting. He did not want to tell any more lies. It wasn't worth it.He did not want any consequences. He did not want any consequences ever again. He wanted to live along without consequences. Besides he did not really need a girl. The army had taught him that. It was all right to pose as though you had to have a girl. Nearly everybody did that. But it wasn't true. You did not need a girl. That was the funny thing. First a fellow boasted how girls mean nothing to him, that he never thought of them, that they could not touch him. Then a fellow boasted that he couldnot get along without girls, that he had to have them all the time, that he could not go to sleep without them.That was all a lie. It was all a lie both ways. You did not need a girl unless you thought about them. He learned that in the army. Then sooner or later you always got one. When you were really ripe for a girl you always got one. You did not have to think about it. Sooner or later it could come. He had learned that in the army.Now he would have liked a girl if she had come to him and not wanted to talk. But here at home it was all too complicated. He knew he could never get through it all again. It was not worth the trouble. That was the thing about French girls and German girls. There was not all this talking. You couldn't talk much and you did not need to talk. It was simple and you were friends. He thought about France and then he began to think about Germany. On the whole he had liked Germany better. He did not want to leave Germany. He did not want to come home. Still, he had come home. He sat on the front porch.He liked the girls that were walking along the other side of the street. He liked the look of them much better than the French girls or the German girls. But the world they were in was not the world he was in. He would like to have one of them. But it was not worth it. They were such a nice pattern. He liked the pattern. It wis exciting. But he would not go through all the talking. He did not want one badly enough. He liked to look at them all, though. It was not worth it. Not now when things were getting good again.He sat there on the porch reading a book on the war. It was a history and he was reading about all the engagements he had been in. It was the most interesting reading he had ever done. He wished there were more maps. He looked forward with a good feeling to reading all the really good histories when they would come out with good detail maps. Now he was really learning about the war. He had been a good soldier. That made a difference.One morning after he had been home about a month his mother came into his bedroom and sat on the bed. She smoothed her apron."I had a talk with your father last night, Harold," she said, "and he is willing for you to take the car out in the evenings.""Yeah?" said Krebs, who was not fully awake. "Take the car out? Yeah?""Yes. Your father has felt for some time that you should be able to take the car out in the evenings whenever you wished but we only talked it over last night.""I'll bet you made him," Krebs said."No. It was your father's suggestion that we talk the matter over.""Yeah. I'll bet you made him," Krebs sat up in bed."Will you come down to breakfast, Harold?" his mother said.""As soon as I get my clothes on," Krebs said.His mother went out of the room and he could hear her frying something downstairs while he washed, shaved and dressed to go down into the dining-room for breakfast. While he was eating breakfast, his sister brought in the mail."Well, Hare," she said. "You old sleepy-head. What do you ever get up for?"Krebs looked at her. He liked her. She was his best sister."Have you got the paper?" he asked.She handed him The Kansas City Star and he shucked off its brown wrapper and opened it to the sporting page. He folded The Star open and propped it against the water pitcher with his cereal dish to steady it, so he could read while he ate."Harold," his mother stood in the kitchen doorway, "Harold, please don't muss up the paper. Your father can't read his Star if its been mussed.""I won't muss it," Krebs said.His sister sat down at the table and watched him while he read."We're playing indoor over at school this afternoon," she said. "I'm going to pitch.""Good," said Krebs. "How's the old wing?""I can pitch better than lots of the boys. I tell them all you taught me. The other girls aren't much good.""Yeah?" said Krebs."I tell them all you're my beau. Aren't you my beau, Hare?""You bet.""Couldn't your brother really be your beau just because he's your brother?""I don't know.""Sure you know. Couldn't you be my beau, Hare, if I was old enough and if you wanted to?""Sure. You're my girl now.""Am I really your girl?""Sure.""Do you love me?""Uh, huh.""Do you love me always?""Sure.""Will you come over and watch me play indoor?""Maybe.""Aw, Hare, you don't love me. If you loved me, you'd want to come over and watch me play indoor."Krebs's mother came into the dining-room from the kitchen. She carried a plate with two fried eggs and some crisp bacon on it and a plate of buckwheat cakes."You run along, Helen," she said. "I want to talk to Harold."She put the eggs and bacon down in front of him and brought in a jug of maple syrup for the buckwheat cakes. Then she sat down across the table from Krebs."I wish you'd put down the paper a minute, Harold," she said.Krebs took down the paper and folded it."Have you decided what you are going to do yet, Harold?" his mother said, taking off her glasses."No," said Krebs."Don't you think it's about time?" His mother did not say this in a mean way. Sheseemed worried."I hadn't thought about it," Krebs said."God has some work for every one to do," his mother said. "There can be no idle hands in His Kingdom.""I'm not in His Kingdom," Krebs said."We are all of us in His Kingdom."Krebs felt embarrassed and resentful as always."I've worried about you too much, Harold," his mother went on. "I know the temptations you must have been exposed to. I know how weak men are. I know what your own dear grandfather, my own father, told us about the Civil War and I have prayed for you. I pray for you all day long, Harold."Krebs looked at the bacon fat hardening on his plate."Your father is worried, too," his mother went on. "He thinks you have lost your ambition, that you haven't got a definite aim in life. Charley Simmons, who is just your age, has a good job and is going to be married. The boys are all settling down; they're all determined to get somewhere; you can see that boys like Charley Simmons are on their way to being really a credit to the community."Krebs said nothing."Don't look that way, Harold," his mother said. "You know we love you and I want to tell you for your own good how matters stand. Your father does not want to hamper your freedom. He thinks you should be allowed to drive the car. If you want to take some of the nice girls out riding with you, we are only too pleased. We want you to enjoy yourself. But you are going to have to settle down to work, Harold. Your father doesn't care what you start in at. All work is honorable as he says. But you've got to make a start at something. He asked me to speak to you this morning and then you can stop in and see him at his office.""Is that all?" Krebs said."Yes. Don't you love your mother dear boy?""No," Krebs said.His mother looked at him across the table. Her eyes were shiny. She started crying."I don't love anybody," Krebs said.It wasn't any good. He couldn't tell her, he couldn't make her see it. It was silly to have said it. He had only hurt her. He went over and took hold of her arm. She was crying with her head in her hands."I didn't mean it," he said. "I was just angry at something. I didn't mean I didn't love you."His mother went on crying. Krebs put his arm on her shoulder."Can't you believe me, mother?"His mother shook her head."Please, please, mother. Please believe me.""All right," his mother said chokily. She looked up at him. "I believe you, Harold." Krebs kissed her hair. She put her face up to him."I'm your mother," she said. "I held you next to my heart when you were a tiny baby." Krebs felt sick and vaguely nauseated."I know, Mummy," he said. "I'll try and be a good boy for you.""Would you kneel and pray with me, Harold?" his mother asked.They knelt down beside the dining-room table and Krebs's mother prayed."Now, you pray, Harold," she said."I can't," Krebs said."Try, Harold.""I can't.""Do you want me to pray for you?""Yes."So his mother prayed for him and then they stood up and Krebs kissed his mother and went out of the house. He had tried so to keep his life from being complicated. Still, none of it had touched him. He had felt sorry for his mother and she had made him lie. He would go to Kansas City and get a job and she would feel all right about it. There would be one more scene maybe before he got away. He would not go down to his father's office. He would miss that one. He wanted his life to go smoothly. It had just gotten going that way. Well, that was all over now, anyway. He would go over to the schoolyard and watch Helen play indoor baseball.Critical Analysis of "Soldier's Home": Before, During, and After theWarMany of the titles of Ernest Hemingway's stories are ironic, and can be read on a number of levels; Soldier's Home is no exception. Our first impression, having read the title only, is that this story will be about a old soldier living out the remainder of his life in an institution where veterans go to die. We soon find out that the story has nothing to do with the elderly, or institutions; rather, it tells the story of a young man, Harold Krebs, only recently returned from World War I, who has moved back into his parents' house while he figures out what he wants to do with the rest of his life.And yet our first impression lingers, and with good reason; despite the fact that his parents' comfortable, middle-class lifestyle used to feel like home to Harold Krebs, it no longer does. Harold is not home; he has no home at all. This is actually not an uncommon scenario among young people (such as college students) returning into the womb of their childhood again. But with Harold, the situation is more dramatic because he has not only lived on his own, but has dealt with -- and been traumatized by -- life-and-death situations his parents could not possibly understand.Hemingway does not divulge why Krebs was the last person in his home town to return home from the war; according to the Kansas City Star, Hemingway himself "left Kansas City in the spring of 1918 and did not return for 10 years, [becoming] 'the first of 132 former Star employees to be wounded in World War I,' according to a Star article at the time of his death" (Kansas City Star, hem6.htm).Wherever he was in the intervening time, by the time Harold gets home, the novelty of the returning soldier has long since worn off. All the other former soldiers have found a niche for themselves in the community, but Harold needs a while longer to get his bearings; he plays pool, "practiced on his clarinet, strolled down town, read, and went to bed" (Hemingway, 146). What he is doing, of course, is killing time.The problem, of course, has to do with Harold's definition of who he has become. He recognizes he has changed, and this change is played out dramatically against the backdrop of a town where nothing else has changed since he was in high school. His father parks his car in the same place; it's still the same car; the girls walking down the street look like the same girls, except more of them have short hair now. Imamura comments, "Krebs admires them, yet he protects himself from the danger of sexual involvement as if he were still suffering from a previous affair" (Imamura, 102). And Daniel Slaughter observes that "One gets the sense while reading 'A Soldier's Home' that watching the girls was a healing process" (Slaughter, hemingway_1.html).What has happened here, really? Why is Krebs unable to adjust to life back inOklahoma? Why can't he talk to girls, or manage to do anything productive with his time? These answers can be found in a careful examination of what Krebs was doing before the war and what happened while he was in Europe.Prior to the war, Hemingway tells us in the very first paragraph, Krebs attended a Methodist school in Kansas. He was not out of place then; Hemingway says "There is a picture which shows him among his fraternity brothers, all of them wearing exactly the same height and style collar" (Hemingway, 145). There is a tremendous poignancy in this detail; at least one of these young men, so concerned about his appearance, would soon be shipped overseas to the most horrific war the world had ever known. The fact that his college was a religious institution is also significant, for it shows that he was, at that time, in synch with his mother's religious values.At least, he did not have any reason to doubt them, or not enough strength to resist them (or her). Hemingway tells us before the first paragraph is over that Krebs "enlisted in the Marines in 1917" (Hemingway, 145). The Marines are an elite fighting force who today advertise they are looking for "a few good men" -- indicating that if the prospective soldier is not out of the ordinary, he need not apply. However, was Krebs a good Marine? J.F. Kobler observes that there is at least some indication in "Soldier's Home" "that Krebs did not fight bravely in the war. . . . Krebs admits to himself that he has lied in public about his military experiences, but he cannot stop lying to himself about the real extent and the psychological effect of his lying" (Kobler, 377).We know for sure that he was "badly, sickeningly frightened all the time" (Hemingway, 146). Certainly his war experiences were not glamorous, and he brings home quite a collection of battle-scarred baggage, not the least of which is his guilt over having to live a lie. Krebs even connects the politics of courting with "lying", which he has already told us makes him feel "nauseated". As Lamb points out, "The shadow that renders Krebs incapable of action and that lies at the crux of the story is stated in three sentences that follow immediately after his first statement that young women are not worth it: 'He did not want any consequences. He did not want any consequences ever again. He wanted to live along without consequences.'His desire to avoid consequences is his single overriding motivation. He fondly recalls the French and German women because relationships with them were uncomplicated and without consequence; there was no need even to talk. He wants the hometown women but does not act on these desires because they are too complicated and not worth the consequences. He is attracted to his little sister because he can shrug off her demands and she will still love him. But his mother repels him because her demands are complex and unavoidable" (Lamb, 18). But it is not until his mother confronts him over breakfast about his future that he realizes that he cannot continue to live at home any more.Robert Paul Lamb observes that before Harold's mother begins her lecture, she takes off her glasses; "this gesture seems to imply that she either can not, or does not want to 'see' him" (Lamb, 18). His mother, in other words, does not want to be distracted by Harold's point of view while she is expounding on hers. This somewhat echoes his earlier observation that "Later he felt the need to talk but no one wanted to hear about it" (Hemingway, 145).Essentially, no one wants to recognize Harold's unique identity. His mother pressures him to get a job by arguing that "There are no idle hands in [God's] Kingdom," to which Harold significantly observes, "I'm not in His Kingdom" (Hemingway, 151). And he's not. The world he discovered during World War I had no hand of God in it.His mother then observes that all the other boys "just your age" are settling down and becoming "really a credit to the community". This hearkens back to the first paragraph of the story, in which Harold observes a picture of himself with his fraternity brothers, all sporting identical haircuts and collars.Harold is no longer like everybody else; he's not sure who he is, but he's sure of that. Finally, his mother asks whether he loves her. He replies quite truthfully that he does not. We know that this is because his entire worldview has been turned upside down by his traumatic experiences in the war, and the ability to genuinely love requires an emotional balance he does not have right now. But his mother does not understand this, because she cannot identify with his experiences; as Tateo Imamura observes, "Krebs' small-town mother cannot comprehend her son's struggles and sufferings caused by the war. She devotes herself to her religion and never questions her own values" (Imamura, 102). So he lies to please her, and kneels down as she prays to please her -- and then he knows he has to go away. Harold lies out of an inability to force a painful issue and take a stand. He may feel that he acquiesces out of compassion, but in fact he is not secure enough in his own self to risk a confrontation that could be painful or guilt-inducing.Harold veers onto the edge of self-revelation with his straight-forward answers about the Kingdom of God and his lack of ability to love, but when his mother begins to cry he waffles; she will never see that he isn't the boy he was in high school -- or perhaps, the boy she thought he was.。

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