(建筑工程管理)土木工程专业词汇篇
土木工程专业英语词汇
目录1.建筑专业 1. ARCHITECTUREa.设计依据DESIGN BASISb.设计阶段DESIGN STAGEc.气象条件CLIMATE CONDITIONd. 常用房间名称GENERAL ROOM NAMEe. 屋面及天棚ROOFING & CEILINGf. 墙体(外墙板) WALL(CLADDING)g. 地面及地沟FLOOR & TRENCHh.门、玻璃、窗及五金件DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)I.楼梯、休息平台及电梯STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)j.建筑材料词汇及短语BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES砖和瓦【Bricks and Tiles 】灰、砂和石【Lime, Sand and Stone】水泥、砂浆和混凝土【Cement, Mortar and Concrete】饰面及粉刷材料【Facing And Plastering Materials】沥青和石棉【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos】木材【Timber】金属材料【Metallic Materials 】有色金属【Non-Ferrous Metal 】防腐蚀材料【Anti-Corrosion Materials】建筑五金【Building Hardware 】油漆【Paint 】k.其他建筑术语OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS专业【Discipline 】一般术语【Conventional Terms】建筑物理【Architectural Physics】职务名称【Name Of Professional role】制图【Drafting】2.结构专业 2. STRUCTUREa. 负载LOADb.地基和基础GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATIONc.钢筋混凝土结构REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTUREd.钢结构STEEL STRUCTUREe.抗震设计DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMICf. 设计常用词汇GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGNg.施工常用词汇GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTIONa. 设计依据 DESIGN BASIS计划建议书planning proposals设计任务书design order标准规范standards and codes条件图information drawing设计基础资料basic data for design工艺流程图process flow chart工程地质资料engineering geological data原始资料original data设计进度schedule of designb. 设计阶段 STAGE OF DESIGN方案scheme；draft草图sketch会谈纪要summary of discussion,minutes of meeting 谈判negotiation可行性研究feasibility study初步设计preliminary design基础设计basic design详细设计detail design询价图enquiry drawing施工图working drawing, construction drawing竣工图as built drawingc. 气象条件 CLIMATE CONDITION日照sunshine风玫瑰wind rose主导风向prevailing wind direction最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity风荷载wind load最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall雷击及闪电thunder and lightning飓风hurricane台风typhoon旋风cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity年降雨量annual rainfall湿球温度wet bulb temperature干球温度dry bulb temperature冰冻期frost period冰冻线frost line冰冻区frost zone室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature 采暖地区region with heating provision不采暖地区region without heating provision绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度relative humidityd.常用房间名称GENERAL ROOM NAME服务用房service room换班室shift room休息室rest room (break room)起居室living room浴室bathroom淋浴间shower更衣室locker room厕所lavatory门厅lobby诊室clinic工作间workshop电气开关室switchroom走廊corridor档案室archive电梯机房lift motor room会议室(正式) conference room衣柜间ward robe暖风间H.V.A.C room接待处reception area会计室accountant room秘书室secretary room电气室electrical room控制室control room工长室foreman office开关柜室switch gear前室antecabinet (Ante.)生产区production area马达控制中心Mcc多功能用房utility room化验室laboratory room经理室manager room披屋(阁楼) penthouse警卫室guard housee. 屋面及天棚 ROOFING AND CEILING女儿墙parapet雨蓬canopy屋脊roof ridge坡度slope坡跨比pitch分水线water-shed二毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic 附加油毡一层extra ply of felt檐口eave挑檐overhanging eave檐沟eave gutter平屋面flat roof坡屋面pitched roof雨水管downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P)汇水面积catchment area泛水flashing内排水interior drainage外排水exterior drainage屋面排水roof drainage找平层leveling course卷材屋面built-up roofing天棚ceiling檩条purlin屋面板roofing board天花板ceiling board防水层water-proof course检查孔inspection hole人孔; 探空manhole吊顶suspended ceiling, false ceiling檐板(窗帘盒) cornicef.墙体(外墙板) WALL (CLADDING)砖墙brick wall砌块墙block wall清水砖墙brick wall without plastering抹灰墙rendered wall石膏板墙gypsum board, plaster board空心砖墙hollow brick wall承重墙bearing wall非承重墙non-bearing wall纵墙longitudinal wall横墙transverse wall外墙external (exterior) wall内墙internal (interior) wall填充墙filler wall防火墙fire wall窗间墙wall between window空心墙cavity wall压顶coping圈梁gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断glazed wall防潮层damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮阳板sunshade阳台balcony伸缩缝expansion joint沉降缝settlement joint抗震缝seismic joint复合夹心板sandwich board压型单板corrugated single steel plate外墙板cladding panel复合板composite panel轻质隔断light-weight partition牛腿bracket砖烟囱brick chimney勒脚(基座) plinthg. 地面及地沟FLOOR AND TRENCH地坪grade地面和楼面ground and floor素土夯实rammed earth炉渣夯实tamped cinder填土filled earth回填土夯实tamped backfill垫层bedding course, blinding面层covering, finish结合层bonding (binding) course找平层leveling course素水泥浆结合层neat cement binding course 混凝土地面concrete floor水泥地面cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor 水磨石地面terrazzo flooring马赛克地面mosaic flooring瓷砖地面ceramic tile flooring油地毡地面linoleum flooring预制水磨石地面precast terrazzo flooring硬木花地面hard-wood parquet flooring搁栅joist硬木毛地面hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring防酸地面acid-resistant floor钢筋混凝土楼板reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面vinyl flooring水磨石嵌条divider strip for terrazzo地面做2％坡floor with 2% slope集水沟gully集水口gulley排水沟drainage trench沟盖板trench cover活动盖板removable cover plate集水坑sump pit孔翻边hole up stand电缆沟cable trenchh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) 门、玻璃、窗及五金件木(钢)门wooden (steel) door镶板门panelled door夹板门plywood door铝合金门aluminum alloy door卷帘门roller shutter door弹簧门swing door推拉门sliding door平开门side-hung door折叠门folding door旋转门revolving door玻璃门glazed door密闭门air-Tight door保温门thermal insulating door镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wire mesh door防火门fire door(大门上的)小门wicket门框door frame门扇door leaf门洞door opening结构开洞structural opening单扇门single door双扇门double door疏散门emergency door纱门screen door门槛door sill门过梁door lintel上冒头top rail下冒头bottom rail门边木stile门樘侧料side jumb槽口notch百叶窗(通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind) 塑钢窗plastic steel window空腹钢窗hollow steel window固定窗fixed window平开窗side-hung window推拉窗sliding window气窗transom上悬窗top-hung window中悬窗center-pivoted window下悬窗hopper window活动百叶窗adjustable louver天窗skylight老虎窗dormer window密封双层玻璃sealed double glazing钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel钢筋砖过梁reinforced brick lintel窗扇casement sash窗台window sill窗台板window board窗中梃mullion窗横木mutin窗边木stile压缝条cover mould窗帘盒curtain box合页(铰链) hinge (butts)转轴pivot长脚铰链parliament hinge闭门器door closer地弹簧floor closer插销bolt门锁door lock拉手pull链条chain门钩door hanger碰球ball latch窗钩window catch暗插销insert bolt电动开关器electrical opener平板玻璃plate glass夹丝玻璃wire glass透明玻璃clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防弹玻璃bullet-proof glass石英玻璃quartz glass吸热玻璃heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃polished glass着色玻璃pigmented glass玻璃瓦glass tile玻璃砖glass block有机玻璃organic glass.I楼梯、休息平台及电梯 STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR)楼梯间staircase疏散梯emergency stair旋转梯spiral stair (circular stair)吊车梯crane ladder直爬梯vertical ladder踏步step扇形踏步winder (wheel step)踏步板tread档步板riser踏步宽度tread width防滑条non-slip insert (strips)栏杆railing (balustrade)平台栏杆platform railing吊装孔栏杆railing around mounting hole扶手handrail梯段高度height of flight防护梯笼protecting cage (safety cage)平台landing (platform)操作平台operating platform装卸平台platform for loading & unloading楼梯平台stair landing电梯机房lift mortar room电梯坑lift pit电梯井道lift shaftj. 建筑材料词汇及短语BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES • 砖和瓦Bricks and Tiles红砖red brick粘土砖clay brick瓷砖glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火砖fire brick空心砖hollow brick面砖facing brick地板砖flooring tile缸砖clinkery brick马赛克mosaic陶粒混凝土ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦glazed tile脊瓦ridge tile石棉瓦asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheet• 灰、砂和石Lime, Sand and Stone石膏gypsum大理石marble汉白玉white marble花岗岩granite碎石crushed stone毛石rubble蛭石vermiculite珍珠岩pearlite卵石cobble砾石gravel粗砂course sand中砂medium sand细砂fine sand• 水泥、砂浆和混凝土Cement, Mortar and Concrete波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portland cement硅酸盐水泥silicate cement火山灰水泥pozzolana cement白水泥white cement水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar保温砂浆thermal mortar防水砂浆water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆acid-resistant mortar耐碱砂浆alkaline-resistant mortar沥青砂浆bituminous mortar纸筋灰paper strip mixed lime mortar麻刀灰hemp cut lime mortar灰缝mortar joint素混凝土plain concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete轻质混凝土lightweight concrete细石混凝土fine aggregate concrete沥青混凝土asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土foamed concrete炉渣混凝土cinder concrete饰面及粉刷材料Facing And Plastering Materials水刷石granitic plaster斩假石artificial stone刷浆lime wash可赛银casein大白浆white wash麻刀灰打底hemp cuts and lime as base喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰lath and plaster• 沥青和石棉Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos沥青卷材asphalt felt沥青填料asphalt filler沥青胶泥asphalt grout冷底子油adhesive bitumen primer沥青玛啼脂asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum石棉板asbestos sheet石棉纤维asbestos fiber• 木材T imber裂缝crack透裂split环裂shake干缩shrinkage翘曲warping原木log圆木round timber方木square timber板材plank木条batten板条lath木板board红松red pine白松white pine落叶松deciduous pine云杉spruce樟木camphor wood防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber 胶合板plywood三(五)合板3(5)- plywood企口板tongued and grooved board层夹板laminated plank胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber纤维板fiber-board•金属材料Metallic Materials黑色金属ferrous metal圆钢steelbBar方钢square steel扁钢steel atrap型钢steel section (shape)槽钢channel角钢angle steel等边角钢equal-leg angle不等边角钢unequal-leg angle工字钢I-beam宽翼缘工字钢wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字钢T-bar (Z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧hot-rolled冷轧cold-rolled冷拉cold-drawn冷压cold-pressed合金钢alloy steel钛合金titanium alloy不锈钢stainless steel竹节钢筋corrugated steel bar变形钢筋deformed bar光圆钢筋plain round bar钢板steel plate薄钢板thin steel plate低碳钢low carbon steel冷弯cold bending钢管steel pipe (tube)无缝钢管seamless steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe黑铁管iron pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe铸铁cast iron生铁pig iron熟铁wrought iron镀锌铁皮galvanized steel sheet镀锌铁丝galvanized steel wire钢丝网steel wire mesh多孔金属网expanded metal锰钢l managanese steel高强度合金钢high strength alloy steel• 有色金属Non-Ferrous Metal白金platinum铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze银silver铝aluminum铅lead• 防腐蚀材料Anti-Corrosion Materials聚乙烯polythene, polyethylene尼龙nylon聚氯乙烯PVC (polyvinyl chloride)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate聚苯乙烯polystyrene丙烯酸树酯acrylic resin乙烯基酯vinyl ester橡胶内衬rubber lining氯丁橡胶neoprene沥青漆bitumen paint环氧树脂漆epoxy resin paint氧化锌底漆zinc oxide primer防锈漆anti-rust paint耐酸漆acid-resistant paint耐碱漆alkali-resistant paint水玻璃sodium silicate树脂砂浆resin-bonded mortar环氧树脂epoxy resin• Building Hardware 建筑五金钉子nails螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum board nail 螺丝screws平头螺丝flat-head screw螺栓bolt普通螺栓commercial/plain bolt高强螺栓high strength bolt预埋螺栓insert bolt胀锚螺栓cinch bolt垫片washer•油漆Paint底漆primer防锈底漆rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆anti-corrosion paint调和漆mixed paint无光漆flat paint透明漆varnish银粉漆aluminum paint磁漆enamel paint干性油drying oil稀释剂thinner焦油tar沥青漆asphalt paint桐油tung oil, Chinese wood oil红丹red lead铅油lead oil腻子puttyk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语• 专业Discipline建筑architecture土木civil给排水water supply and drainage总图plot plan采暖通风H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning) 电力供应electric power supply电气照明electric lighting电讯telecommunication仪表instrument热力供应heat power supply动力mechanical power工艺process technology管道piping• 一般通用名词C onventional Terms建筑原理architectonics建筑形式architectural style民用建筑civil architecture城市建筑urban architecture农村建筑rural architecture附属建筑auxiliary buildings城市规划city planning厂区内within site厂区外offsite封闭式closed type开敞式open type半开敞式semi-open type模数制modular system单位造价unit cost概算preliminary estimate承包商constructor, contractor现场site扩建extension改建reconstruction防火fire-prevention防震aseismatic, quake-proof防腐anti-corrosion防潮dump-proof防水water-proof防尘dust-proof防锈rust-proof车流量traffic volume货流量freight traffic volume人流量pedestrian volume透视图perspective drawing建筑模型building model• 建筑物理Architectural Physics照明illumination照度degree of illumination亮度brightness日照sunshine天然采光natural lighting光强light intensity侧光side light顶光top light眩光glaze方位角azimuth辐射radiation对流convection传导conduction遮阳sun-shade保温thermal insulation恒温constant temperature恒湿constant humidity噪音noise隔音sound-proof吸音sound absorption露点dew point隔汽vapor-proof职务名称Name Of Professional role项目经理project manager (PM)设计经理design manager首席建筑师principal architect总工程师chief engineer土木工程师civil engineer工艺工程师process engineer电气工程师electrical engineer机械工程师mechanical engineer计划工程师planning engineer助理工程师assistant engineer实习生probationer专家specialist, expert制图员draftsman技术员technician• 制图Drafting总说明general specification工程说明project specification采用标准规范目录list of standards and specification adopted 图纸目录list of drawings平面图plan局部放大图detail with enlarged scale．．．平面示意图schematic plan of...．．．平剖面图sectional plan of...留孔平面图plan of provision of holes剖面section纵剖面longitudinal section横剖面cross (transverse) section立面elevation正立面front elevation透视图perspective drawing侧立面side elevation背立面back elevation详图detail drawings典型节点typical detail节点号detail No.首页front page图纸目录及说明list of contents and description图例legend示意图diagram草图sketch荷载简图load diagram流程示意图flow diagram标准图standard drawing．．．布置图. layout of ..地形图topographical map土方工程图earth-work drawing展开图developed drawing模板图formwork drawing配筋arrangement of reinforcement表格tables工程进度表working schedule技术经济指标technical and economical index 建、构筑物一览表list of buildings and structures 编号coding序列号serial No.行和栏rows and columns备注remarks等级grade直线straight Line曲线curves曲折线zigzag line虚线dotted line实线solid line影线hatching line点划线dot and dash line轴线axis等高线contour Line中心线center Line双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola切线tangent Line尺寸线dimension Line园形round环形annular方形square矩形rectangle平行四边形parallelogram三角形triangle五角形pentagon六角形hexagon八角形octagon梯形trapezoid圆圈circle弓形sagment扇形sector球形的spherical抛物面paraboloid圆锥形cone椭圆形ellipse, oblong面积area体积volume容量capacity重量weight质量mass牛顿/平方米Newton/square meter 千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter 加仑gallon千磅kip平均尺寸average dimension变尺寸variable dimension外形尺寸overall dimension展开尺寸developed dimension 内径inside diameter外径outside diameter净重net weight毛重gross weight净空clearance净高headroom净距clear distance净跨clear span截面尺寸sectional dimension开间bay进深depth单跨single span双跨double span多跨multi-span标高elevation, level绝对标高absolute elevation设计标高designed elevation室外地面标高ground elevation 室内地面标高floor elevation柱网column grid坐标coordinate厂区占地site area使用面积usable area辅助面积service area通道面积passage area管架pipe rack管廊pipeline gallery架空管线overhead pipeline排水沟drain ditch集水坑sump pit喷泉fountain地漏floor drain消火栓fire hydrant灭火器fire extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器carbon dioxide extinguisher 卤代烷灭火器halon extinguisher2. 结构专业STRUCTUREa. 荷载 Load拔力pulling force标准值standard value残余应力residual stress冲击荷载impact load, punch load残余变形residual deflection承压bearing承载能力bearing capacity承重bearing, load bearing承重结构bearing structure脆性材料brittle material脆性破坏brittle failure抵抗力resisting power, resistance吊车荷载crane load分布荷载distributed load风荷载wind load风速wind velocity, wind speed风压wind pressure风振wind vibration浮力buoyance, floatage符号symbol, mark负弯矩negative moment, hogging moment 附加荷载additional load附加应力additional stress副作用side effect, by-effect刚度rigidity刚度比ratio of rigidity刚度系数rigidity factor刚接rigid connection刚性节点rigid joint恒载dead load荷载传递transmission of load固端弯矩fixed-end moment活荷载live load积灰荷载dust load集中荷载concentrated load加载, 加荷loading剪力shear, shearing force剪切破坏shear failure剪应变shear strain剪应力shear stress简支simple support静定结构statically determinate structure截面模量modulus of section, section modulus 静力static force静力分析static analysis局部压力local pressure, partial pressure局部压屈local bulkling绝对值absolute value均布荷载uniformly distributed load抗拔力pulling resistance抗剪刚度shear rigidity抗剪强度shear strength, shearing strength 抗拉强度tensile strength抗扭torsion resistance抗扭刚度torsional rigidity抗弯bending resistance抗弯刚度bending rigidity抗压强度compressive strength,可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliability design拉力tensile force拉应力tensile stress, tension stress拉应变tensile strain, tension strain临界点critical point临界荷载critical load临界应力critical stress密度density离心力centrifugal force摩擦力friction force摩擦系数frictional factor挠度deflection内力internal force, inner force扭矩moment of torsion, torsional moment疲劳强度fatigue strength偏心荷载eccentric load, non-central load偏心距eccentric distance, eccentricity偏心受拉eccentric tension偏心受压eccentric compression屈服强度yield strength使用荷载working load水平力horizontal force水平推力horizontal thrust弹塑性变形elastoplastic deformation弹性elasticity, resilience, spring塑限plastic limit弹性变形elastic deformation弹性模量modulus of elastic,elastic modulus体积volume, bulk, cubature, cubage土压力earth pressure, soil pressure弯矩bending moment, moment弯曲半径radius at bent, radius of curve位移displacement温度应力temperature stress温度作用temperature action系数coefficient, factor雪荷载snow load压应变compression strain压应力compression stress应力集中concentration of stress预应力prestressing force, prestress振动荷载vibrating load, racking load支座反力support reaction自重own weight作用action, effect作用点point of application,application jointb. 地基及基础Ground Base and Foundation板桩sheet pile, sheeting pile板桩基础sheet pile foundation饱和粘土saturation clay冰冻线frost line, freezing level不均匀沉降unequal settlement, differential settlement残积土residual soil沉积物deposit, sediment沉降settlement沉降差difference in settlement沉降缝settlement joint沉井sinking well, sunk well沉箱caisson持力层bearing stratum冲积alluviation锤夯hammer tamping档土墙retaining wall, breast wall底板base slab, base plate, bed plate地板floor board地基ground base, ground地基承载力ground bearing capacity地基处理ground treatment, soil treatment地基稳定base stabilization地梁ground beam, ground sill地下工程substructure work,understructure work 地下室basement, cellar地下水ground water地下水位groundwater level, water table地下水压力ground water pressure地质报告geologic report垫层bedding, blinding独立基础isolated foundation, individual foundation 端承桩end-bearing pile筏式基础raft foundation粉砂silt, rock flour粉质粘土silty clay粉质土silty soil扶壁式档土墙buttressed retaining wall腐蚀corrosion覆土earth covering刚性基础rigid foundation沟盖板trench cover固结consolidation灌注桩cast-in-place pile, cast in site pile护坡slope protection, revetment护桩guard pile环墙ring wall灰土lime earth回填backfill, backfilling回填土backfill, backfill soil混凝土找平层concrete screed火山灰水泥trass cement基槽foundation trench基础foundation, base基础底板foundation slab基础埋深embedded depth of foundation 基础foundation plan地基勘site exploration, site investigation 基坑foundation pit集水坑collecting sump阶形基础stepped foundation结合层binding course, bonding course井点well point井点排水well point unwatering开挖excavation, cutting勘测exploration and survey勘测资料exploration data沥青bitumen, asphalt, pitch联合基础combined foundation卵石cobble, pebble埋置embedment毛石基础rubble foundation锚筋anchor bar锚桩anchor pile密实度compactness, density, denseness 摩擦桩friction pile, floating pile粘土clay粘质粉土clay silt碾压roller compaction, rolling排水drainage, dewatering排水沟drainage ditch排水孔weep hole, drain hole排水设备dewatering equipment普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary Portland cement 群桩grouped piles容许沉降permissible settlement容许承载力allowable bearing软土soft soil砂垫层sand bedding course, sand cushion 砂土sandy soil, sands砂质粉土sandy silt设备基础equipment foundation水泥搅拌桩cement injection素土夯实rammed earth, packed soil碎石桩stone columns弹性地基elastic foundation弹性地基梁beam on elastic foundation填方fill, filling填土earth-fill, earth filling, filling条形基础strip foundation土方工程earthwork挖方excavation work, excavation箱形基础box foundation压实compaction, compacting压实系数compacting factor验槽check of foundation subsoil预制混凝土桩precast concrete pile中砂medium sand重力式档土墙gravity retaining wall桩承台pile cap钻孔桩bored pile钻探exploration drilling, drilling,最终沉降final settlementc.钢筋混凝土结构Reinforcement Concrete Structure板缝slab joint板厚thickness of slab板式楼梯cranked slab stairs板跨度span of slab薄壁结构thin-walled structure薄腹梁thin wedded girder保护层protective coating臂式吊车boom crane, boom hoist边梁edge beam, boundary beam变截面variable cross-section变形缝movement joint变形钢筋deformed bar初凝initial setting, pre-setting次梁secondary beam大型屋面板precast ribbed roof slab单层厂房one-storied factory单筋梁beam with single reinforcement单跨single span单向板one-way slab垫块cushion block垫梁template beam吊车梁crane beam, crane girder顶棚抹灰ceiling plastering端跨end span, tail bay多跨连续梁multi-span beam翻边upstand反梁upstand beam分布钢筋distribution-bar封闭式箍筋closed stirrup附加钢筋additional bar刚架rigid frame, stiff frame钢筋reinforcement, steel bar, bar钢筋表Bar Schedules钢筋笼steel reinforcement cage钢筋间距spacing of bars, bar spacing钢筋网, bar-mat reinforcement, mesh reinforcement 钢筋砖reinforced brick勾缝joint pointing构架frame, gallows构件member, structural member构造construction构造钢筋constructional reinforcement构造柱constructional column, tie column构筑物structure箍筋hoop reinforcement, hooping箍筋间距stirrup spacing固定端fixed end, retained end固端梁fixed-end beam, fixed beam过梁lintel, breast summer混凝土强度等级grade of concrete机制砖machine-made brick剪力墙shear wall简支梁simply supported beam经济跨度economic span经济配筋率economic ratio of reinforcement劲性钢筋stiff reinforcement劲性钢筋混凝土结构steel composite construction 径向钢筋radial reinforcement抗剪钢筋shear reinforcement抗拉钢筋tension reinforcement受压钢筋compression reinforcement可见裂缝visible crack刻痕钢丝indented steel wire坑pit, hollow, delve空斗墙rowlock cavity wall, rolock wall空心板hollow slab空心砖隔墙hollow tile partition跨度span框架frame框架剪力墙结构frame-shear wall structure 拉接钢筋tie bar栏杆railing, banister栏杆立柱railing post老化aging累积误差accumulated error肋形楼板ribbed floor slab冷拔低碳钢丝cold-drawn low-carbon wire 冷脆性cold shortness, cooling brittleness冷弯cold bending冷轧cold rolling离析segregation梁垫beam pad, template, pad梁挠度beam deflection楼梯斜梁string, stringer螺旋楼梯spiral stair, winding staircase马鞍形壳saddle shell锚固anchoring门框, 门樘door frame门式刚架portal frame面砖, 墙面砖 facing tile, wall tile耐火混凝土fire-resisting concrete排架bent, bent frame女儿墙parapet wall, parapet配筋率reinforcement ratio配箍率stirrup ratio砌块block圈梁ring beam, tie beam, bond beam山墙gable深梁deep beam伸缩缝expansion joint实腹梁solid web girder实腹柱solid web column竖向钢筋vertical reinforcement双向配筋two-way reinforcement素混凝土plain concrete筒中筒结构tube-in-tube structure网状钢筋steel mesh reinforcement围堰cofferdam, coffer无梁楼盖flat slab, flat plate系梁tie beam预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforced concrete预应力构件prestressed component预制prefabrication预制板precast slab预制构件prefabrication component预制装配式结构prefabricated construction折板folded plate, folded slab折板结构folded-plate structure主筋main reinforcement, main bar主梁main beam, girder柱距column spacing, post spacing装配式结构fabricated structure纵梁longitudinal beam纵剖面longitudinal section纵向钢筋longitudinal bard. 钢结构 d. Steel Structure薄壁型钢light-gauge steel section, hollow steel section 不等肢角钢unequal angle steel槽钢channel, channel steel背对背角钢组合angles back to back不锈钢stainless steel除锈rust-removal粗制螺栓rough bolt, black bolt带钢strip steel, band iron单面焊single weld, one-side welding地脚螺栓foundation bolt, anchor bolt,holding down bolt 点焊spot welding, point welding电动葫芦electric hoist等边角钢equal angle, equal leg angle对接焊, 对焊butt welding腹板web plate, web腹杆web member腹板加劲件web stiffener杆rod, bar钢板steel plate钢管steel tube, steel pipe钢桁架steel truss钢框架steel frame钢梯, 爬梯steel ladder高强度螺栓high strength bolt格构柱lattice column工字梁I-girder, I-beam工字钢I-steel工字形截面I-shaped cross-section焊缝welding seam焊接welding焊接长度weld length焊条welding rod桁架truss红丹底漆red lead primer红丹漆red lead paint加劲肋stiffening rib, rib stiffener加劲板stiffening plate角钢angle steel节点joint, node节点板gusset plate, gusset节点位移joint displacement节间长度panel length紧固螺栓clamp bolt, fastening bolt精制螺栓turned bolt可焊性weldability空腹桁架open-web truss空间桁架space truss肋板ribbed panel, ribbed slab连接板connecting plate, joint plate檩条purline螺母screw nut, nut螺栓bolt螺栓孔bolt hole螺纹screw thread, thread螺纹长度length of thread螺纹钢screw-threaded steel, twisted steel拉杆tie rod, tension rod满焊full weld铆钉rivet锰钢manganese steel喷砂sand blasting轻钢结构lightweight steel construction三角架tripod上弦top chord, upper chord上弦横向水平支撑upper lateral bracing上弦纵向水平支撑upper longitudinal bracing平面桁架plane truss实腹刚架solid web rigid frame塔架pylon bent特种钢special steel调和漆mixed paint贴角焊fillet weld, fillet welding托架bracket网架结构grid structure屋架roof truss, principal无缝钢管seamless steel pipe系杆tie rod, tie bar, tie下弦bottom chord, lower chord下弦横向水平支撑bottom lateral bracing斜撑diagonal brace, diagonal bracing型钢section steel, shaped steel悬索suspended cable, suspension cable压力焊pressure welding仰焊overhead welding, inverted welding翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate, cover plate轧制型钢rolled steel section支撑bracing, strutting铸铁管cast iron pipe组合槽钢built-up channel组合截面built-up section,compound section自动焊接automatic weldinge. 抗震设计 e. Design for Antiseismic鞭梢效应whipping effect场地类别site classification场地土site soil单自由度体系single-degree of freedom system 底部剪力法equivalent base shear method地震earthquake, seism地震烈度earthquake intensity, seismic intensity 地震烈度区划图map of seismic intensity zoning地震影响系数seismic influence coefficient地震作用earthquake action多自由度体系multi-degree of freedom system 反应谱response spectrum抗震earthquake resistance抗震缝seismic joint, aseismic joint抗震构造aseismic construction抗震设防earthquake fortification抗震设计seismic design共振resonance基本周期foundamental period里氏震级Richter magnitude烈度intensity设计近震design near earthquake设计远震design far earthquake时程分析法time history method液化liquefaction振型vibration mode振型分解法modal analysis method震源earthquake focus震中earthquake epicenter自由度degree of freedom自振周期natural period of vibrationf. 常用设计词汇 f. General Words for Design安装installation, erection报价offer, quoted price报价单quotation壁柱pilaster, mural column变更alteration, variation, modification变形deformation标高elevation, level标准standard, criterion标准大样standard detail标准图standard drawing补充规定additional regulations补充说明additional remarks补充条件supplementary conditions不对称asymmetry布置arrangement, layout布置图layout plan, layout材料material材料表bill of materials材料强度strength of materials参见详图referring to detail drawing参考点reference point参数parameter操作平台operating platform。
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专着monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书instruction115 规范Specification, Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical?engineering岩土工程?2.foundation?engineering基础工程3.soil,?earth土4.soil?mechanics土力学cyclic?loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基?viscous?damping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量?5.soil?dynamics土动力学6.stress?path应力路径?7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder 漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 22.saturated soil饱和土 23.unsaturated soil非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土 28.zonal soil区域性土 29.soft clay软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄土 33.frozen soil冻土 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geote chnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计 10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力 12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous均质 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载 22.live load活载 23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土 35.normal stresses正应力 36.shear stresses剪应力 37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress自重应力 49.additional stress附加应力 50.total stress总应力 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering （基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point 真空井点 12 braced cuts支撑围护 13 braced excavation支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 6.shaft竖井；桩身 7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析 8.pile caps承台（桩帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力 17.silent piling静力压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度 25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） 29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test拔桩试验 38.pile shoe桩靴 39.pile noise 打桩噪音 40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度 12.consolidation test固结试验 13.consolidation curve固结曲线 14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角 11.cohesion粘聚力 12.failure criterion破坏准则 13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型 16.elastic modulus弹性模量 17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩 3.steel piles 钢桩 4.wooden sheet pile木板桩 5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础 pensated foundation补偿性基础 6.bearing stratum持力层 7.rigid foundation刚性基础 8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量 9.dynamic ma二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程 2.soil dynamics土动力学 3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱 5.earthquake intensity地震烈度 6.earthquake magnitude震级 7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期 8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析 13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验 14.centrifugalmodel test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪 16.direct shear test直剪试验 17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验 19.dynamic simple shear动单剪 20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验 4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test静力荷载试验 teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验 7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验 8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验 9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验 10.pressuremeter test旁压试验 11.light sounding轻便触探试验 12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测 13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验 14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验 15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测 16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇
Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineeringdevelopment organization 建设单位design organization 设计单位construction organization 施工单位reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土pile 桩steel structure 钢结构aluminium alloy 铝合金masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板retaining wall 挡土墙finish 装修finishing material装修材料ventilation 通风natural ~ 自然通风mechanical ~ 机械通风diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙villa 别墅moment of inertia 惯性矩torque 扭矩stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力strain 应变age hardening 时效硬化air-conditioning system空调系统(air) void ration（土）空隙比albery壁厨，壁龛a l mery壁厨，贮藏室anchorage length锚固长度antiseismic joint 防震缝architectural appearance 建筑外观architectural area 建筑面积architectural design 建筑设计fiashing 泛水workability (placeability) 和易性safety glass安全玻璃tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃asphalt沥青felt (malthoid) 油毡riveted connection 铆接welding焊接screwed connection 螺栓连接oakum 麻刀，麻丝tee三通管tap存水弯esthetics美学formwork 模板（工程）shoring 支撑batching 配料slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工lfit-slab construction 升板法施工mass concrete 大体积混凝土terrazzo水磨石construction joint 施工缝honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面piled foundation桩基deep foundation 深基础shallow foundation浅基础foundation depth基础埋深pad foundation独立基础strip foundation 条形基础raft foundation筏基box foundation箱形基础BSMT=basement 地下室lift 电梯electric elevatorlift well电梯井escalator 自动扶梯Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μYoung’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量Esafety coefficient 安全系数fatigue failure 疲劳破坏bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板single way slab单向板window blind 窗帘sun blindwind load 风荷载curing 养护watertight concrete 防水混凝土white cement白水泥separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concretemortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝pilaster 壁柱fire rating耐火等级fire brick 耐火砖standard brick标准砖terra cotta 琉璃瓦mosaic 马赛克ceramic mosaic陶瓷锦砖，马赛克，ceramic mosaic tileceramic tile 瓷砖rubble wall毛石墙marble 大理石,大理岩granite 花岗石,花岗岩ready-mixed concrete 商品混凝土，预拌混凝土real estate房地产reinforcement bar 钢筋veinforcement meal, reinforcing bar, reinforcing steel reinforcement cover混凝土保护层reinforcement mat 钢筋网, reinforcing mesh reinforcing ratio 配筋率reinforcement percentagereinforcing work钢筋工程residential building居住建筑rigid foundation刚性基础roof 屋顶，屋盖，屋面; roof board 屋面板; roof garden屋顶花园roof live load 屋面活荷载rustic terrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石sand cushion砂垫层saw-tooth skylight锯齿形天窗scaffold 脚手架sill窗台silty soil粉质土single door单扇门double door双扇门single reinforcemen单筋tsliding door推拉门sliding window水平推拉窗staircase楼梯间stair rail(ing) 楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手stair step楼梯踏步stair string (er)楼梯梁stair clearance 楼梯净空高度stair headroom steel forms钢模板store room贮藏室structural drawings结构图soft substratum软弱下卧层sun louver 遮阳板supporting block 支座supporting layer持力层tensile reinforcement 受拉钢筋tensile steel, tension reinforcementterrace roof 平屋顶thermal insulation隔热through ventilation穿堂风timber structure 木结构wood structuretoilet 盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池tracing paper描图纸lawn 草坪treatment of elevation立面处理drawing board 绘图板triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验tubular steel scaffolding钢管脚手架uniformly distributed load均布荷载unnotched bar 光面钢; threadbar螺纹钢筋urinal 小便池，小便斗，小便槽valley天沟ventilating skylight 通风天窗waterproof barrier 防水层aquatardTerzaghi bearing capacity theory太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论foundation treatment 地基处理foundation pressure 基底压力span 跨度specific gravity比重quicklime生石灰,氧化钙hydrated lime 熟石灰,消石灰hydration 水化作用plaster of Paris熟石膏portland cement 波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水泥portland blastfurnace slag cement矿渣水泥portland fly-ash cement粉煤灰(硅酸盐)水泥portland-pozzolana cement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥gas-foaming admixture发泡剂retarding admixture缓凝剂water-reducing agent减水剂air-entrained agent 加气剂slump坍落度water-cement ratio水灰比w/carchitectural lighting 建筑采光,建筑照明architectural perspective建筑透视图architectural section 建筑剖面图architectural specifications建筑规范architectural working drawing 建筑施工图architecture sketch建筑草图arc welding 电弧焊stress concentration 应力集中multi storied building 多层建筑settlement of foundation 地基沉降tensile strength抗拉强度compressive strength抗压强度bending strength抗弯强度construction material 建筑材料building material continuous beam连续梁tower crane 塔式起重机,塔吊SPT=standard penetration test 标准贯入度试验wall between two windows窗间墙stability稳定性stress-strain curve应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram应力-应变图damp-proof coating防潮层osmosis渗透osmotic co-efficient渗透系数osmotic pressure渗透压力finite element method 有限单无法finite-difference method有限差分法finite slice method 条分法deformation 变形displacement位移allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力total and differential settlement 总沉降量和沉降差Mohr’s circle of stress 摩尔应力圆snow laod雪(荷)载bent reinforcement bar 弯起钢筋bent steel 弯起钢筋bent-up bar 弯起钢筋bid 投标，标书bid call招标bid opening开标bidding sheet 标价单bid price 出价，投标价格binding reinforcement 绑扎钢筋blocking course檐口墙，女儿墙parapet (wall) bloodwood 红木redwoodbrick lintel 砖砌过梁brick masonry structure 砖石结构BRKT =bracket 牛腿building height 建筑高度building industrialization建筑工业化building-in fitting 预埋件building law 建筑法building line 建筑红线building module 建筑模数building orientation 建筑物朝向building permits for construction建筑施工执照building equipment 建筑设备building physics建筑物理building rubble 建筑垃圾building storm sewer 房屋雨水管built –in cupboard 壁厨cable structure 悬索结构cable-supported construction悬索结构canopy雨篷cast-in-place concrete 现浇混凝土cast-in-situ concrete 现浇混凝土caterpillar crane 履带式起重机cavity brick空心砖cavity wall空心墙ceiling 顶棚，吊顶，天花板cement floor水泥地面cement mortar水泥砂浆center-to-center中心距(中到中间距)chain-pull switch拉线开关cromatics色彩学city planning城市规划civil architecture民用建筑civil building民用建筑civil engineering土木工程clay brick粘土砖clerestory天窗clerestory windows高侧窗closet 盥洗室，厕所，卫生间coated glass 玻璃幕墙glass curtain wall collapsible loess 湿陷性黄土slumping loess collar tie beam 圈梁combination beam 组合梁combination construction 混合结构shear wall 剪力墙shear strength 抗剪强度transom （门上的）亮子bar 棒，条，杆件，（粗）钢筋beam 梁framework 框架truss桁架statically determinate ~ 静定桁架statically indeterminate ~ 超静定桁架elasticity弹性plasticity塑性stiffness刚度fiexibility挠度bending moment弯矩~ diagram 弯矩图~ envelope弯矩包络线influence line 影响线aggregate 骨料coarse ~ 粗骨料fine ~ 细骨料admixture外加剂concrete mixer混凝土搅拌机paint 油漆density密度viscosity粘度，粘滞性geology地质earth pressure 土压力active ~ 主动土压力coarse sand 粗砂; medium sand中砂; fine sand细砂artificial daylight人工采光artificial illumination人工照明art of architecture建筑艺术seismatic design 抗震设计back view 背立面balcony阳台balustrade 栏杆，扶手bamboo scaffolding竹脚手架band iron扁铁，扁钢bar cutter钢筋切断机bar list钢筋表bar spacing钢筋间距base board踢脚板basic module基本模数BC=building code建筑法规beam-and-column construction梁柱结构（框架结构）beam-and-girder construction主次梁梁格结构beam-and-slab construction梁板结构beam with one overhanging end 悬臂梁cantilever beam, overhanging beambeam with simply supported ends 简支梁simple beam, simple-supported beam, simply supported beambeam with fixed ends 固端梁bending stiffness弯曲刚度bending strength抗弯强度bending stress弯曲应力bend bar 弯起钢筋，弯筋commemorative architecture 纪念性建筑commercial buildings商业建筑物,商业房屋compacted fill 压实填土,夯实填土compacted soil压实土compaction by layers分层填土夯实compaction by rolling 碾压compaction by vibration振动压实compartmentation隔断completion acceptance竣工验收completion date 竣工日期compression bar 受压钢筋compression steel受压钢筋concealed work 隐蔽工程conductor 水落管construction administration 施工管理constructional drawing 施工图,构造图construction and installation work 建筑安装工程construction company 建筑公司construction economics建筑经济construction industry建筑(工)业construction in process 在建工程construction management plan 施工组织设计construction period施工工期construction site 施工现场creep 徐变,蠕变cross wall横墙dark room暗室design development phase 技术设计阶段design scheme设计方案detail drawing 详图,大样图,细部图development area 开发区digestion tank 化粪池septic tank, sewage tank distributed load分布荷载distributing bars 分布钢筋distribution reinforcement分布钢筋BL=dead load 恒载,自重dogleg stair 双折楼梯half turndomestic building居住房屋,住宅door window落地窗dormitory宿舍downspout 雨水管,落水管drain spout, fall pipe, leader pipe, rain conductor, rain leader, rain-water leaderdrip line 滴水线dunny厕所,盥洗室earthquake intensity地震烈度earthquake load 地震荷载earthquake resistant design抗震设计earthwork土石方工程earthwork quantity土方工程量eave 屋檐effective depth 有效高度,有效深度,有效厚度enameled tile 琉璃瓦,釉面砖engineering geological prospecting工程地质勘探expanded joint 伸缩缝,温度缝shrinkage joint, temperature jointfactory building厂房figured glass 图案玻璃,压花玻璃patterned glass fixed window固定窗flat skylight平天窗flexible foundation 柔性基础floor load楼面荷载floor plan楼屋平面图floor-to-ceiling height楼面至顶棚高度,室内净高floor-to-floor height楼面至楼面高度story height层高farmed steel 型钢shape(d) steelfoundation beam 基础梁foundation bed 基础垫层gable 出墙~ wallgalvanized iron 镀锌铁皮,白铁皮general arrangement drawing总体布置图,总平面图general layout 总平面图,总体布置glass fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料,玻璃钢glued board 胶合板gravel 砾石; ~ cobble 卵石pebble gravel, pebble stoneground engineering地基工程ground floor plan底层平面图groundwater surface 地下水位phreatic (water ) surfacegutter明沟,天沟rain-gutter檐沟,天沟hair 麻刀hempmixed sand 混合砂mechanics of materials 材料力学theoretical mechanics 理论力学elastic mechanics弹性力学structural mechanics结构力学architectural mechanics建筑力学fracture mechanics断裂力学soil mechanics土力学rock mechanics岩石力学fluid mechanics流体力学abrasive floor防滑地板accelerated cement 快凝水泥accelerator促凝剂，速凝剂acceptance of hidden subsurface work 隐蔽工程验收acceptance of tender得标acceptance of work subelements分项工程验收access eye 清扫孔，检查孔access hole 检修孔access plate 检修孔盖板accordion shades 折叠式活动隔断，屏风acid 酸alkali碱acoustical insulation 隔声red cray 红粘土adamic earthadhesive bitumen primer冷底子油administration of the construction contract 施工合同管理aerial ledder消防梯non-bearing wall 非承重墙non-load bearing wall norm for detailed estimates 预算定额norm for preliminary estimates 概算定额norm for estimating labor requirements劳动定额norm for estimating material requirements材料定额open ditch 明沟open trenchoutside finish 外装修partion 隔壁, ~ screen 隔断pea shingle 豆砾石，绿豆砂pipeline gas 管道煤气plastic hinge 塑性铰plinth (wall)勒脚pointing (joints)勾缝pointing masonry勾缝砌体,清水墙porch 门廊,走廊pore water 孔隙水post-tensioning method后张法precast concrete lintel 预制混凝土过梁precast reinforced concrete building预制钢筋混凝土房屋monolithic reinforced concrete building整体式钢筋混凝土房屋prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土pretensioning method先张法protecting cap 安全帽protective cap, safety helmet protecting net 安全网public building公共建筑public comfort station 公共厕所public conveniencepump concrete 泵送混凝土pumping concrete halfpace landing楼梯平台landing platform, stair landing, stair platformhallway门厅,过道hemp thread麻丝high-rise hotel高层旅馆,高层饭店hip 屋脊线hoop reinforcement环筋,箍筋hull core structure筒体结构inside finish内装修jalousie window 百叶窗, louver windowjunior beam 次梁secondary beam, secondary girder main beam 主梁primary beam, primary girder kick strip 踢脚step踏步L & CM=lime and cement mortar石灰水泥砂浆lintol (门窗)过梁lintellongitudinal bar纵向钢筋low-rise building低层建筑LR = living room 起居室,客厅sitting room, parlo(u)rmastic 玛碲脂,树脂,嵌缝料membrane curing薄膜养护metallic tape钢卷尺metal window钢窗mid-span moment跨中弯矩mix(ing) proportion 配合比,混合比mix(ing) ratio mopboard踢脚板mosquito screen 纱窗, screen window。
土木工程专业英语词汇表
土木工程工程地质engineering geology原位测试in-situ test初步勘查preliminary exploration 详细勘查detailed exploration地质调查geological survey地质勘查geological exploration地质测绘geological mapping矿物mineral[ˈmɪnərəl]地质构造geological structure岩石结构rock structure节理joint[dʒɔɪnt]裂隙fissure[ˈfɪʃə(r)]岩浆岩magmatic rock沉积岩sedimentary rock风化weathering[ˈweðərɪŋ]地质年代geological time褶皱fold[fəʊld]断裂构造fault structure断层fault[fɔ:lt]地震earthquake[ˈɜ:θkweɪk]纵波longitudinal wave横波shear wave岩体rock mass结构体structure body结构面structural plane软弱夹层soft interlayer潜水层phreatic stratum承压水层artesian aquifer岩溶karst[kɑ:st]煤层coal seam滑坡landslide [ˈlændslaɪd]泥石流debris flow崩塌collapse[kəˈlæps]边坡slope [sləʊp]抗滑桩anti-slide pile挡土墙retaining wall钻孔，钻探drilling挖探excavation prospecting 专业英语词汇结晶crystallization [ˌkrɪstəlaɪ'zeɪʃn]石英quartz[kwɔ:ts]云母mica [ˈmaɪkə]千枚岩phyllite['fɪlaɪt]花岗岩granite[ˈgrænɪt]玄武岩basalt[ˈbæsɔ:lt]石灰岩limestone[ˈlaɪmstəʊn]大理岩griotte[ɡ'rɪət]///marble[ˈmɑ:bl]冲积层alluvium[əˈlu:viəm]残积层eluvium[ɪ'lu:vɪəm]洪积层diluvium[daɪ'lu:vɪəm]第四纪松散沉积物quaternary unconsolidated sediments冰水沉积物fluvioglacial deposit冰渍glacial drift水平构造horizontal tectonic倾斜构造dipping structure震源source [sɔ:s]震级magnitude[ˈmægnɪtju:d]震中epicenter['epɪsentə]烈度intensity[ɪnˈtensəti]河流侵蚀river erosion河流阶地river terrace地球物理勘探Geophysical exploration 河谷valley[ˈvæli]三角洲delta [ˈdeltə]平原地貌plain landform丘陵地貌hilly topography山岭地貌topographic features of mountain ridges垭口pass area上层滞水perched water可行性研究阶段feasibility study stage载荷试验load test静力触探cone penetration test无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compressive strength test十字板剪切试验vane shear test标准贯入试验standard penetration test 旁压试验lateral pressure test水压致裂法hydraulic fracturing technique公路Highway高速公路Expressway水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement 沥青混凝土路面asphalt concrete pavement 柔性路面flexible pavement刚性路面rigid pavement土基Subgrade挖方路基（路堑）Cutting填方路基（路堤）Embankment基层Base course垫层bed course磨耗层Wearing surface/wearing course刚性基层rigid base ['rɪdʒɪd]柔性基层flexible base ['flɛksəbl]道路选线Selection of Highway Route平面线形horizontal alignment [ə'laɪnmənt] 圆曲线circular curve ['sɝkjəlɚ][kɝv]缓和曲线transition curve地面标高ground elevation里程桩mile stake [maɪl] [stek]排水沟Drain[dren]截水沟Intercepting [ɪntɚ'sɛpt]中央分隔带median divider路缘Curb [kɝb]细集料fine aggregate[faɪn]['æɡrɪɡət]混合料Mixture['mɪkstʃɚ]配合比设计mixture ratio design摊铺Pave[pev]碾压Compaction[kəm'pækʃən]压实度degree of compaction胀缝expansion joint缩缝coarctation joint车辙ruts [rʌt] 主干路 major road ['medʒɚ] [rod]次干路sub-arterial road[ɑr'tɪrɪəl]支路branch way[bræntʃ] [we]最大纵坡longitudinal grade龄期Instar['ɪnstɑː]减水剂water reducer引气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent矿粉mineral powder粉煤灰fly ash[flaɪ] [æʃ]石灰Lime[laɪm]火山灰Ash[æʃ]矿渣Slag[slæɡ]改性沥青modified asphalt粘度Viscosity[vɪs'kɑsəti]延度ductility[dʌk'tɪləti]针入度needle penetration软化点softening point['sɔfnɪŋ] [pɔɪnt]级配砂砾（碎石）Graded gravel施工缝construction joint水泥稳定粒料cement stabilized aggregate 热、冷拌法Hot/cold mixing method 热、冷铺法Hot/cold laid method抗滑性skid resistance[skɪd] [rɪ'zɪstəns]耐磨性wear resistance[wɛr][rɪ'zɪstəns]耐久性Durability[,djʊrə'bɪləti]防水层Waterproofer['wɔtə,prʊfɚ]防渗层impermeable layer路拱横坡crown slope[kraʊn] [slop]横断面cross section[krɔs] ['sɛkʃən]盲沟blind ditch[blaɪnd] [dɪtʃ]渗井seepage well['sipɪdʒ] [wɛl]弯沉deflection[dɪ'flɛkʃən]坡面防护slope protection裂缝防治crack control平面交叉 grade crossingfly-over crossing跨度Span [spæn]上部结构Superstructure ['supɚstrʌktʃɚ] 下部结构Substructure ['sʌbstrʌktʃə]桥墩Pier [pɪr]桥台Abutment [ə'bʌtmənt]承台Pile cap[kæp] / bearing platform桥面Bridge deck [dek]净空Clearance ['klɪrəns]钢筋混凝土Reinforced concrete预应力混凝土Pre-stressed concrete钢管混凝土concrete filled steel [stil] tube 正常使用极限状态normal use ultimate ['ʌltəmət] state承载能力极限状态limit status ofbearing capability立交桥，高架公路Flyover ['flaɪovɚ] /overpass ['ovɚpæs]梁桥Beam [bim] bridge拱桥Arch [ɑrtʃ] bridge板桥Slab [slæb] bridge刚构桥Rigid ['rɪdʒɪd] frame [frem] bridge桁架桥Truss [trʌs] bridge悬索桥Suspension [sə'spɛnʃən] bridge斜拉桥Cable-stayed bridge伸缩缝Expansion [ɪk'spænʃən] and contraction [kən'trækʃən] joint先张法Pre-tensioning method后张法Post-tensioning method拱圈Arch [ɑrtʃ] ring腹拱Spandrel ['spændrəl] arch支座Bearing ['bɛrɪŋ]索塔Cable ['kebl] bent tower锚碇Anchorage ['æŋkərɪdʒ]围堰cofferdam ['kɔfɚ,dæm]纵梁Girder ['ɡədɚ]横梁Floor beam [bim]箱梁Box girder['ɡədɚ]简支梁Simple supported beam连续梁Continuous [kən'tɪnjʊəs] beam上（中、下）承式桥Deck/half-through/through bridge 主桥Main [meɪn] bridge引桥Approach [ə'protʃ] span保护层厚度protective[prə'tɛktɪv] cover thickness[ˈθɪknɪs]配筋率reinforcement [,riɪn'fɔrsmənt] ratio 双曲拱桥Two-way curved [kɝvd] arch bridge空腹拱Open spandrel ['spændrəl] arch实腹拱Filled spandrel['spændrəl] arch系杆拱Bowstring ['bostrɪŋ] archT形刚构 T-shaped rigid [ˈrɪdʒɪd]frame连续刚构Continuous rigid[ˈrɪdʒɪd] frame 合拢Closure ['kloʒɚ]缆索吊装法Erection [ɪ'rɛkʃən] by protrusion [pro'truʒn]悬臂浇筑法Cast-in-place cantilever ['kæntɪlivɚ] method浮运架桥法Erection by floating转体架桥法Construction by swing [swɪŋ]顶推法Incremental [ɪnkrə'məntl] launching method恒载/静载Dead [dɛd] load活载Live load持续荷载Sustained [sə'stend] load短期瞬时荷载Short-term transient load 荷载组合Loading combinations 偶然荷载Accidental ['vɛrɪəbl] load可变荷载Variable ['vɛrɪəbl] load长期荷载Long-term load临界荷载Critical ['krɪtɪkl] load悬臂梁Cantilever ['kæntɪlivɚ] beam拱架arch [ɑrtʃ]centre索鞍Cable saddle ['sædl]浮桥Pontoon [pɑn'tun] bridge组合体系桥Combined [kəm'baɪnd] system bridge围岩surrounding rock初始地应力场initial ground stress掌子面working face围岩分级rock mass classification喷射混凝土Shotcrete模板台车model board trolley初期支护primary lining二次衬砌Lining仰拱inverted arch锚杆anchor bolt钢拱架steel frame钢筋网steel fabric小导管注浆little tremie grouting锁脚锚杆feet-lock bolt管棚Pipe shed出渣slag tapping隧道照明tunnel lighting隧道通风ventilation射流风机jet fan轴流风机axial-fan竖井shaft斜井inclined shaft消防设施fire control facility隧道火灾tunnel fire塌方collapse岩爆Rock burst涌水water gushing岩溶karst瓦斯gas盾构Shield超前地质预报advance geology forecast 洞门portal明洞opencut tunnel 连拱隧道arch tunnel偏压隧道unsymmetrically loading tunnel 小净距隧道small spacing tunnel大断面隧道large cross-section tunnel断层破碎带fault fracture zone钻爆法drilling and blasting新奥法new Austrian tunneling method(NATM)全断面掘进机TBM(Tunnel boring machine)沉管法Immersed tunnel台阶法bench cut method环形开挖留核心土法Ring excavation reserving core soil method单侧壁导坑unilateral pilot双侧壁导坑twin side heading中隔壁法（CD法）center diagram交叉中隔壁法（CRD法）center cross diagram锚杆拉拔力pulling force of bolt地表下沉surface subsidence拱顶下沉vault crown settlement净空收敛clearance convergence地质雷达geology radar激光断面仪laser profiler光面爆破smooth blasting预裂爆破pre-splitting blasting铁道工程railway engineering准轨铁路standard-gage railway单线铁路single track railway双线铁路double track railway重载铁路heavy haul [hɔl] railway高速铁路high speed railway电气化铁路electric [ɪ'lɛktrɪk] railway磁浮铁路maglev干线trunk [trʌŋk] line, main line支线branch [bræntʃ] line货运专线freight line客运专线passenger special line轨距rail gauge [gedʒ]轴重axle ['æksl] load限界clearance牵引模式mode of traction设计速度construction speed, design speed 重载列车heavy haul train高速列车high speed train最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve 圆曲线circular ['sɝkjəlɚ] curve缓和曲线spiral ['spaɪrəl] transition curve坡度gradient ['ɡredɪənt]路堤embankment [ɪm'bæŋkmənt]路堑road cutting路肩road shoulder基床subgrade bed [fɔr'meʃən]挡土墙retaining [rɪ'tenɪŋ] wall护坡slope protection有碴轨道ballasted track无碴轨道ballastless track有缝线路jointed track无缝线路jointless ['dʒɔɪntlɪs] track轨缝，又称“接头缝”rail gap轨枕cross tie道床ballast ['bæləst] bed道碴ballast 铁路线railway line铁路网railway network铁路等级railway classification多线铁路multiple ['mʌltəpl] track railway即有铁路existing [ɪɡ'zɪstɪŋ] railway新建铁路newly-built railway改建铁路reconstructed railway专用铁路special purpose railway工业企业铁路industry railway运营铁路railway in operation, operating railway铁路专用线railway special line客货运混合线路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway宽轨铁路broad-gage railway轨道变形track deformation轨道方向track alignment [ə'lainmənt] 运营里程operating length of railway, operating distance, revenue length最高速度maximum speed限制速度limited speed,[rɪ'strɪkʃən]最大轴重maximum allowable axle load 列车运行图train diagram ['daɪəɡræm]区间section ['sɛkʃən]限制坡度ruling grade转辙器switch proper ['prɔpə]翼轨wing rail心轨point rail, nose rail辙叉frog [frɔɡ]基本轨stock [stɔk] rail基底foundation base道岔turnout ['tɝnaʊt]尖轨switch rail岩土工程geotechnical engineering基础工程foundation [faʊn'deʃən] engineering土力学soil [sɔɪl]mechanics [mə'kænɪks]干密度dry density ['dɛnsəti]饱和度Saturation [ˌsætʃə'reɪʃn]孔隙率porosity [pɔ'rɑsəti]孔隙比void ratio ['reʃɪo]塑限Plastic ['plæstɪk] Limit液限Liquid Limit剪切模量shear modulus ['mɑdʒələs]粘土clay [klei]粉质粘土silty clay粉土silt [sɪlt]淤泥土mucky ['mʌki]soil饱和土saturated ['sætʃəretɪd] soil特殊土special soil软土soft clay膨胀土expansive (swelling ['swɛlɪŋ] ) soil季节性冻土seasonal frozen soil砂土液化sand liquefaction [,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən]渗透性permeability [,pɝmɪə'bɪləti]地基容许承载力load-bearingcapacity [kə'pæsəti]极限荷载ultimate ['ʌltəmət] load临界荷载critical ['krɪtɪkl] load塑性区plastic zone边坡稳定slope stability [stə'bɪləti]孔隙水压力pore water pressure有效应力effective stress压缩compressibility [kəm,prɛsə'bɪləti]直剪试验direct shear experiment三轴实验triaxial [traɪ'æksɪəl] test固结沉降consolidation [kən,sɑlə'deʃən] settlement抗剪强度shearing strength粘聚力cohesion [ko'hiʒən]内摩擦角Internal friction ['frɪkʃən] angle 强度理论strength theory静止土压力static earth pressure相对密实度Relative Density 剪胀dilatation [,daɪlə'teʃən]漂石boulder ['boldɚ]卵石pebble ['pɛbl]级配良好的土well-graded soil级配不良土poorly-graded soil粉砂silty ['sɪlti] sand非饱和土Unsaturated [ʌn'sætʃə'retɪd] soil 湿陷性黄土collapsible[kə'læpsəbl] loess 多年冻土permafrost ['pɝməfrɔst]冻胀frost-heaving冻融循环freeze-thaw [θɔ] cycle碎石detritus [dɪ'traɪtəs]砾石Gravel ['ɡrævl]粗砂coarse [kɔrs] sand中砂medium sand细砂fine sand盐渍土salinized ['sælɪnaɪz] soils红土red clay管涌piping渗透（流）seepage ['sipɪdʒ]渗透压力seepage pressure循环荷载cyclic ['saɪklɪk] loading瞬时沉降immediate [ɪ'midɪət] settlement ['sɛtlmənt]次固结沉降secondary consolidation [kən,s ɑlə'deʃən] settlement.最终沉降Final settlement强度指标strength index土工格栅geogrid土工织物Geotextile[,dʒiəu'tekstail]加筋土reinforced earth[,riɪn'fɔrst] [ɝθ]换填Replacement[rɪ'plesmənt]固结度degree of consolidation超固结土Over consolidated soil正常固结土normally consolidated soil欠固结土Under consolidated soil应力路径stress path塑性指数plastic index液性指数liquidity [lɪ'kwɪdəti] index土动力学soil dynamics主动土压力active earth pressure被动土压力passive earth pressure建筑学architecture['ɑrkə'tɛktʃɚ]建筑红线building lines建筑设计building design建筑物平面图building layout ['leaʊt] 建筑物的三面图elevation[,ɛlɪ'veʃən]摩天大楼skyscraper ['skaɪ'skrepɚ]公寓楼block of flats [flæts]高层建筑high-rise buildings支承柱bearing ['bɛrɪŋ] post柱column ['kɑləm]泵送混凝土pump [pʌmp] concrete混凝土配合比Concrete mix proportion[prə'pɔrʃən]水泥砂浆Cement grout/ cement mortar['mɔrtɚ]水灰比water-cement ratio钢结构steel structure木结构timber ['tɪmbɚ]construction圬工结构mason ['mesn] structure板柱结构slab-column system框架结构frame structure剪力墙shear wall structure承重墙结构the wall bearing structure 型钢profile['profaɪl] steel钢板steel plate角钢angle ['æŋɡl] iron楼板floors回填backfill刚性节点Rigid joint [dʒɔɪnt]铰接，销钉连接Pin joint浅基础Shallow ['ʃælo] foundation深基础Deep foundation浮筏基础buoyancy['bɔɪənsi] raft条形基础strip footing箱形基础box foundation刚性扩大基础rigid spread foundation 桩基础pile [paɪl] foundation钢支撑steel shotcrete ['ʃɒtkriːt] 词义词汇市政建筑Municipal[mju'nɪsɪpl] building 天然采光natural['nætʃrəl] lighting热风供暖warm air heating原材料raw material[mə'tɪrɪəl]防水材料waterproofing['wɔtə,prʊfɪŋ] materials粘结剂Binder ['baɪndɚ]碱-集反应Alkali-aggregate ['æɡrɪɡət] reaction约束梁Restrained[rɪ'strend] members搅拌机Mixer ['mɪksɚ]框架—剪力墙结构frame-shear wall structure筒中筒结构Tube-in-tube structures悬挂结构suspended structure柱间墙，填充墙Filler wall折板结构folded-plate structure悬索结构cable-suspended structure内墙和外墙inner and outer walls基准点datum['detəm] mark基线base line脚手架scaffold['skæfold]露台balcony['bælkəni]扶手、栏杆balustrade [,bælə'stred]对接缝butt joint/seam弹性地基梁beam on elastic [ɪ'læstɪk] foundation区间隧道interzone tunnel地铁车站subway station明挖法cut-and-cover method/open excavated method/open cut method盖挖法cover-excavation method冠梁（围檩）beam at the top水平横撑horizontal brace井点降水dewatering止水帷幕waterstop curtain钢板桩steel sheet pile钢管桩steel pipe pile灌注桩bored concrete pile护筒pile casting泥浆slurrySMW工法桩smw pile construction method 搅拌桩mixing pile旋喷桩jet grouting pile渗透注浆permeating grouting地表注浆surface grouting冻结法freezing method地下连续墙diaphram wall钢筋笼steel reinforcement cage打入桩driven pile静力压桩static pressuring pile沉管灌注桩sinking pipe cast-in-place piles 钻孔灌注桩cast-in-place pile基坑隆起foundation pit resilience盾构选型selection of shield泥水盾构slurry shield machine土压平衡盾构earth pressure balance shield复合式盾构Compound shield始发井Originating well接收井receiving well沉井open caisson管片Segments地表沉降settlement of ground surface 浅埋暗挖shallow-buried excavation 枢纽站junction station换乘站transfer station终点站terminal station井壁sidewall刃脚foot blade紧固螺栓fastening bolt刀盘cutter head滚刀cutter切刀cutter刮刀scraper仿形刀Copying tool破岩机理rock breaking mechanism 壁后注浆grouting behind segment同步注浆synchronous grouting掘进控制tunneling control中洞法center drift method侧洞法side drifts-support method柱洞法pioneer heading-column method 洞柱法central drifts-column method劈裂注浆fracturing grouting压密注浆pressure grouting应力Stress[stres]应变Strain [streɪn]位移Displacement[dis’pleismənt] 虚功Virtual [və:tjuəl] work拉Tension['tensaɪl]/ pull压Compression [kəm'preʃn]弯曲Bend [bend]扭转Twist [twɪst]弯矩Bending moment剪力Shear [ʃiə] force阻力Resistance [rɪˈzɪstəns]摩擦Friction [ˈfrɪkʃn]重力Gravity [ˈgrævəti]浮力Buoyancy ['bɔɪənsɪ]强度Strength [streŋθ]屈服Yield [ji:ld]刚度Stiffness [stɪfnəs]稳定性Stability [stəˈbɪləti]均布荷载Uniform load/ even load 可变荷载Variable [ˈvɛəriəbl] load集中荷载Concentrated load梯度Gradient [greɪdi:ənt]平面杆系Bar system/ frame system 板Board [bɔ:d]壳Shell [ʃel]桁架Truss [trʌs]钢架/构Rigid [ridʒid] frame铰Hinge [hɪndʒ]波Wave [weɪv]加速度Accelerated velocity[ækˈseləreitd vilɔsiti]振动Vibration [vaɪˈbreɪʃn]阻尼Damp [dæmp]弹性的Elastic [ɪˈlæstɪk]塑性的Plastic [ˈplæstɪk]粘性的Viscous [ˈvɪskəs]固体力学Solid mechanic [miˈkænik] 流体力学Fluid [flu:] mechanic连续介质Continuous medium[kənˈtinjuəs ˈmi:djəm]变形协调Deformation compatibility [ˌdi:fɔ:ˈmeɪʃən kəmˌpætəˈbɪlətɪ]边界条件Boundary condition [ˈbaundəri kənˈdiʃən]自由度Degree of freedom约束Constraint [kənˈstreɪnt]平衡方程Equilibrium equation[ˌi:kwəˈlɪbri:əm iˈkweiʃən]相容方程Compatible equation[kəmˈpætəbl iˈkweiʃən]直角坐标Orthogonal coordinate / rectangular [rekˈtæŋɡjulə] coordinate极坐标Polar [ˈpəulə] coordinate影响线Influence element包络图Envelope diagram挠度Deflection [di’flekʃən]蠕变Creep [kri:p] vt﹠n松弛slack [slæk]疲劳Fatigue [fəˈti:g]断裂Fracture [ˈfræktʃə(r)]应力状态Stress state强度理论Strength theory[偏心受压Eccentric compression[ikˈsentrik kəmˈpreʃən]惯性力Inertia force[iˈnə:ʃjəfɔ:s]冲击荷载Impact load[ˈimpækt ləud]刚片Rigid member[ˈridʒid ˈmembə]角位移Angular displacement[ˈæŋgjələdɪsˈpleɪsmənt]线位移Linear [ˈlɪniə(r)] displacement几何约束Geometrical constraint[dʒɪəˈmetrɪkəl kənˈstreint]应力函数Stress function[stres ˈfʌŋkʃən] 应变能Strain energy[strein ˈenədʒi]超静定的Indeterminate [ˌɪndɪˈtɜ:mɪnət] 安全系数safety factor[ˈseifti ˈfæktə]许用应力Allowable [əˈlaʊəbl] stress应力集中Stress concentration[stres ˌkɔnsənˈtreiʃən]压杆稳定stability of compressed bar惯性矩Inertia[iˈnə:ʃjə] moment机械能Mechanical [məˈkænɪkl] energy水头高度water head height层流laminar ['læmɪnə] flow紊流turbulent [ˈtɜ:bjələns] flow转动刚度Rotation stiffness[rəʊˈteɪʃən stɪfnɪs]项目管理project management工程咨询engineering consulting可行性研究feasibility study初步设计preliminary design施工图设计construction drawing design 招投标bidding['bɪdɪŋ]合同contract['kɑntrækt]业主employer[ɪm'plɔɪɚ]设计单位design unit施工单位construction unit监理工程师supervision engineer项目计划project plan项目进度project schedule施工组织设计construction organization design竣工图completion drawing剖面图sectional drawing平面图plain view drawing变更variation[,vɛrɪ'eʃən]索赔claim[klem]联合体joint venture项目部project department施工图预算working drawing budget现场管理site management施工管理construction management 质量管理quality management验收acceptance[ək'sɛptəns]竣工completion [kəm'pliʃən]采购procurement[prə'kjʊrmənt]供货商supplier [sə'plaɪɚ]临时工程temporary work延误或拖期delay[dɪ'le]成本cost[kɔst]风险risk[rɪsk]规范specification['spɛsəfə'keʃən]施工图construction drawing预算budget详细设计detailed design 项目决策project decision招标公告tender announcement招标代理bidding agency要约offer ['ɔfɚ]承诺promise['prɑmɪs]投标保证金tender deposit中标acceptance of the bid标书bid [bɪd]设计施工总承包Engineering--Procurement--Construction(EPC) 总承包商general contractor分包商subcontractor[sʌb'kɑntræktɚ]转包subcontract[,sʌbkən'trækt]总价合同lump sum contract单价合同unit price contract成本加酬金合同reimbursement cost plus fees contract总图general drawing融资租赁financial leasing报表statement['stetmənt]项目组织project organization项目结构project structure监督Superintendence [,sʊprɪn'tɛndəns] 调解mediation[midɪ'eʃən]仲裁arbitration [,ɑrbɪ'treʃən]诉讼litigation ['lɪtə'geʃən]行政复议administrative reconsideration 会议纪要conference summary工作日志log book交货期delivery time海关清关customs clearance(甘特图)横道图Gantt chart/bar chart网络图network['nɛtwɝk]进展速度rate of progress进度计划programme['prəʊgræm]指定分包商nominated subcontractor不可抗力force majeure进度管理schedule management人力资源管理human resources management总承包管理general contract management 监理单位supervision unit国际惯例international practice预付款advance payment工期管理project time management成本管理cost management质量安全管理quality-safetymanagement风险管理risk management分部工程branch engineering分项工程subentry engineering竣工检验Tests on Completion安全措施safety measures现场数据site data保险insurance设计概算design estimate竣工结算completion settlement保函guarantee[,ɡærən'ti]履约performance[pɚ'fɔrməns]违约default[dɪ'fɔlt]施工作业construction operation台班one-shift工期控制time limit control工程量清单bill of quanities第11 页。
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)99317
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专著monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书instruction第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic ma 二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugalmodel test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
土木工程专业英语词汇
土木工程专业英语单词Torque 转动扭矩 Impose 施加, 将…强加于Composite 合成的, 复合的Sag 下垂Deflect 偏转, 弯曲, 倾斜Misalignment 安装误差Plaster 灰泥, 灰浆, 涂层Buckling 弯曲, 折曲, 下垂Stiffness 刚度, 刚性 In contradistinction to M 与M截然不同Tension 张力, 拉力 Compression 压缩, 压力Diagrammatic sketch 示意图Ceramics 陶瓷, 陶瓷材料Inertia 惯性 Lifetime 使用寿命Iterative 反复的, 迭代的 Durability 耐久性, 持久性Pinpoint 准确定位, 针尖 Evolve 经过实验研究得出Statics 静力学 Strength of materials 材料力学Deformation 变形Influx 流入, 灌注Distortion 变形Boring machine 镗床Boom 吊杆, 悬臂, 起重杆 Dragline 拉铲挖土级, 挖掘斗Gray cast iron 灰铸铁Modulus of elasticity 弹性模量Rigidity 刚性, 刚度, 稳定性 Slip 滑度, 打滑Creep 蠕变 Yield 屈服于, 屈服Rupture 破裂, 断裂, 破坏 Load-carrying capacity 承载能力Terminology 专用名词 Helical spring 螺旋型弹簧Concentrated 集中的, 浓缩的 Distribute 分布, 分发, 散布Resultant 合力, 合成的 Centroid 矩心, 重心Torsional 扭的, 转的Bending 挠曲, 弯曲Flexural 弯曲的, 挠性的 couple 对, 双, 力偶Non-load-bearing 非承重 brittle 脆弱的, 脆性的ASTM 美国材料试验学会BSI 英国标准学会SAA 澳大利亚标准学会 Passage 一段, 一节Plastic deformation 塑性变形moisture content 含水量Timber 木材 veracity 诚实, 真实性Ready-mixed concrete 预拌混凝土building contractor 建筑承包商Hydraulic press 水压机 grading 分等, 分类, 级配Fatigue 疲劳ductility 可延展性Toughness 韧性 stress-strain curve 应力－应变曲线Durability 耐久性, 耐用年限 chloride 氯化物, 漂白粉Sulphate 硫酸盐alkali 碱性, 碱Permeability 渗透性, 透气性 weathering 风化Disruptive 分裂的, 摧毁的 thaw 融化, 解冻Entrain 携带, 传输 leaching 浸出, 溶析Carbonation 炭化作用blasting 破裂, 吹风Attrition 磨损 cavity 洞穴Hydraulic structure 水工建筑物 pervious 透水的, 透光的Aggregate 集料, 骨料 homogeneous 均质的, 均匀的Compact 压实, 捣紧 kerb 路缘, 道牙Air-entrained concrete 加气混凝土 glaze 珐琅质, 上釉Stainless steel 不锈钢galvanize 电镀Gutter 排水沟, 楼都不 humidity 湿度, 湿气Porous 多孔的, 疏松的 spectrum 谱Infrared 红外的, 产生红外辐射的 ultraviolet 紫外的Gravel 砾石, 卵石 anodized 受过阳极化处理的Hydrate 水合物reinforcement 加强, 加固Spall 剥落, 散裂 erosion 侵蚀, 腐蚀Abrasion 磨损, 磨耗 quarry 方形砖Eddy 涡流, 漩涡运动 reinforcing steel 钢筋Reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 reinforcing bar 钢筋Longitudinal 长度的, 纵向的, 轴向的 dispose 处置Incline 倾斜, 弄斜 moment 力矩Bond 结合, 结合力, 粘合力 interlock 连动, 连接Forestall 阻止, 预防 embed 放入, 埋入Prestressing steel 预应力钢筋 rebar 钢筋Splice 接头 congestion 充满Form 模坂 ACI 美国混凝土协会Code 法规, 规程 galvanize 电镀Undue 过度的, 过分的 BS 英国标准Blending machine 弯筋机mandrel 芯棒Jig 夹具 dowel 夹缝丁, 暗销Wire clip 钢丝剪reference number 参考号数Mill scale 热轧钢表面氧化皮spacer 隔离物Clip 夹子, 剪刀slab 板, 块, 楼板Cradle 吊架, 托架, 支架chair 托架, 支板Mild steel 低碳钢 tack 图钉, 点焊焊缝Hydraulic 水力的, 液力的 additive 添加剂Admixture 外加剂 binder 胶结剂Aggregate 聚集, 结合, 骨料, 填料aerate 充气Aerate concrete 加气混凝土cellular 蜂窝状的Portland 波特兰水泥 pulverize 粉化, 磨碎Granulate 成粒状, 轧碎 blastfurnace 高炉, 鼓风炉Slag 矿渣, 炉渣 pigment 颜料, 色料Retarder 延迟剂, 缓凝剂accelerator 加速剂, 促凝剂Curing (混凝土)养护compaction 压实, 捣实Ambient 周围的, 外界的shrinkage 收缩, 下沉, 压缩Autoclave 蒸压器, 热压处理 frost 粗糙的, 无光泽的Efflorescence 风化, 粉化, 粉化物 sodium 钠Calcium 钙potassium 钾Carbonate 炭化 pozzolana 火山灰Sulphate 硫酸盐autoclaved aerated concrete 高压蒸养加气混凝土Hard-burnt 高温焙烧的, 炼制的 veneer 镶片, 砌面, 表层Mallet 木锤, 大锤 chisel 凿子Mold 模子, 模具mass production 大量生产Update 使现代化trade journal 行业杂志Periodical 定期的, 定期刊行的 editorial board 编辑委员会Beholder 旁观者 ordinance 规格, 条例, 法令Suspended structure 悬吊结构 joist 梁, 垳条Through bridge 下承桥 chord 弦杆Bracing 拉条, 支撑 web-girder 腹板大梁Box-girder 箱梁 plan view 平面图Outline 外形, 剖面 drawing 附图Bills of materials 材料清单radiator 散热器General arrangement 总体布置detail drawing 详图Cladding 包层, 包壳 panel 面板, 仪表盘GA drawing 总体平面图 zoom 变焦距In situ 原地, 在原地cumbersome 笨重的, 麻烦的Parameterized 参数化 specification 详细说明, 规范Verify 校验, 验证, 说明homogeneous 均匀的, 对等的Buckling 弯曲, 翘曲, 弯折 deterministic 确定的, 决定的Probabilistic 概率的, 随机的 deviation 偏差, 偏移, 参数Psychological 心理的, 精神的 cross-section 横断面, 横截面Amortization 阻尼 proof-load 检验荷载Field 场地, 工地survey 调查, 测量, 勘察Intrinsic 内在的, 固有的 stochastic 随机的, 不确定的Seismic 地震的, 与地震有关的 single load 集中荷载Foundation 基础, 地基gravity 重力Lateral 横向的, 侧面的 transient 瞬时的, 不稳定的Basement 底座, 基础, 地下室 erratic 反复无常的, 无规律的Footing 基础, 基脚, 底座, 垫层overdesign 保险设计Underdesign 欠安全设计 appurtenance 附属物, 附属设备Firewall 防火墙parapet 栏杆, 护墙, 女儿墙Remold 改造, 改型, 重铸 ductwork 管道系统, 管网Tenant 租用 latitude 纬度, 宽度, 范围Tributary 支流, 附庸, 辅助的cantilever 悬臂, 悬臂梁, 支架Provision 预防, 规定, 条款 overload 超载, 超重Reference 参考书 uncertainty 不确定性Slighting 轻蔑的, 不尊重的 likelihood 像有, 相似Pef = pounds per cubic foot 磅/平方英尺reliability 可靠性, 安全性Methodology 方法论 shield 屏蔽Shield 屏蔽, 遮护 without recourse to 不依赖Reason 推理, 论证 weir 堰, 拦河堰Spillway 溢洪道, 泻水道clause 条款项目Deploy 适用, 配置 filler wall 填充墙, 柱间墙Shear wall 剪力墙ignorance 外行Up-to-date 现代的, 最新likewise 同样Bucket 吊斗, 挖斗 wheelarrow 手推车, 独轮小车Buggy 手推车, 小斗车segregation 分凝, 离析Chute 斜槽 place 场所, 浇筑Lift 混凝土浇筑层, , 升降机displacement 偏移Compact 夯实 honeycomb 蜂窝结构Tamping 夯实, 捣固, 捣实 spinkling 喷洒Calcium chloride 氯化钙 settlement 沉陷Grout 水浆, 灌浆cohesive 粘聚的, 粘结的Workable 和易性好的,塑性的slump 坍塌度Workability 可塑性 air-entraining 加气的Deposit 存储, 浇注consolidation 加固, 压实Bleeding 渗漏subsidence 沉降, 下降Laitance 水泥浮浆 float 镘刀, 抹子Capillary 毛细管的, 毛细现象 flash set 急凝Aluminate 铝酸盐 burlap 麻袋, 粗麻布Membrane 膜, 隔板 emulsion 乳胶体, 乳液Polyethylene 聚乙烯 waterproof 防水Harden 硬化, 凝固 gravel 砾石, 卵石Immersion 浸入, 插入 headroom 净空高度, 头上空间Nominal 铭牌的, 名义的 power-driven 动力驱动的, 电动的External vibrator 表面振捣器 architect 建筑师Nonhomogeneous 不均匀的, 多相的creep 蠕变Shrink 缩小structure code 结构规范Ultimate strength 极限强度 load factor 荷载系数From M onwards 从m算起来 prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土Faulty 有缺点的, 报废的, 不合格的 embed 放入, 埋入Abutment 桥台,岸墩 thrust 推, 轴向力Jack 千斤顶, 支柱 motorway 汽车道, 快车道Tendon 钢筋束, 筋post-tensioned prestressing 后张法预应力Pre-tensioned prestressing 先张法预应力 manoeuvrable 机动的, 容易驾驶的Plain concrete 无筋混凝土 precompression 预加压力, 预先压缩Leak 漏, 渗漏camber 弯度, 曲度, 凸形Proportioning 使成比例, 确定几何尺寸 analogous 类似的, 类比的, 模拟的With reference to 参考, 参照, 关于centroid 矩心, 面积矩心, 质心Refinement 精制, 改善, 改进 bond 结合, 粘合, 粘合强度Transmit 传递, 寄, 传送 interlocking 可联动的, 联锁Plain bar 光面钢筋, 无结钢筋 formed bar 变形钢筋, 竹结钢筋Hoop 环, 箍, 铁箍tie 拉杆, 系杆Stirrup 箍筋, 钢筋箍 crushing 压碎, 轧碎Bearing 承载, 承受, 支撑点 bearing pressure 支承压力Rib 肋, 棱, perimeter 周边, 周长, 周界Blanketing 覆盖, 包上, 掩盖 mortar 砂浆, 灰浆, 灰泥Bentonite 膨润土, 膨土岩 trench 沟槽, 沟道, 沟管Tremie 混凝土导管（水下浇筑用） full prestressing 全预应力Partial prestressing 部分预应力reservoir 水库, 蓄水池Eccentric 偏心的, 呈偏心运动的, 偏心器 counteract 中和, 平衡Intermitterntly 间隙的, 断续的, 周期的 infrequent 不常见的, 稀少的Objectionable 不能采用的, 不适宜的reverse 颠倒的, 改变方向的, 交换的Cement paste 水泥浆sack 袋, 包, 一包, 一袋Water-cement ratio 水灰比trial-batch （混凝土）小量试拌Slump test 坍塌度试验 truncate 缩短, 截去Air-entraining agent 加气剂 plasticizer 增塑剂, 塑化剂revolving-drum mixer 转筒式搅拌机 ready-mixed 运送时搅拌的transit0mixed 运送时拌的 batch 配料, 分批配料congested 拥挤的, 充塞的 haul 搬运, 运输discharge 卸货, 卸载 hopper 漏斗, 装料车batching plant 拌和厂 batching 配料, 定配合比ecclesiastical 基督教会的, 教士的 landmark 陆标, 里程碑, 界标mobility 可动性, 机动性, 流动性 topographical 地形的, 地形测量的subservient 辅助性的tax 使受压力, 负担shear wall core 剪力墙筒体 prefabrication 预制的, 预制品slip-formwork 滑模 crane 起重机, 用起重机吊codify 编成法典, 编纂 elevator 升降机escalator 升降梯, 自动扶梯drift 漂移, 位移prescribe 规定, 命令, 指示I-beam 工字梁, 工字钢masonry 砖石工程, 砌筑体staircase 楼梯lofty 高耸的, 极高的condominium 各住户认购各自一套公寓楼brace 支撑, 支柱bundle 捆, 扎, 粘合soaring 高耸的, 高涨的 tributary 支流, 从属的prototype 原型, 样机web 腹板, 梁板torsion 扭转, 转矩 orthogonal 互相垂直的, 正交的, 直角的stiffen 加强, 加固 urbanization 都市化habitation 住宅, 住所deterrent 制止物, 威慑因素premium 奖金, 质量改进的clutter 混乱, 干扰, 弄乱multi-discipline 多学科pedestrian 行人, 步行者plaza 广场, 大空地sway 摇, 摆动overturn 倾倒, 翻转 clear span 净高clear spacing 净距 zoning 分区, 区域化excavation 挖掘, 挖方 overlook 检查, 监督interim 间歇底, 暂时的empiricism 经验主义elastoplastic 弹塑性的subset 子系统compartmentalize 间隔化,隔开,分段 mantle 罩,外壳,地幔erosion 侵蚀,冲刷,磨损 waterborne 水生的,水力运输的boulder 漂砾,大块石 cobble 圆石,鹅软石pebble 小软石,小砾石 degradation 剥蚀,退化avalanche 山崩,坍方,崩塌 stratum 地层,岩层meandering 曲折的,弯曲的,曲流的 stratified 有层次的,分层的water table 地下水位 detritus 瓦砾,腐质percolation 渗透,渗滤 soil profile 土壤剖面,土层剖面residual soil 残积土transported soil 运积土ground water 地下水superstructure 上层结构earth fill 土堤substructure 下部结构,基础工事demarcation 分界线 sanitary 环境卫生的sanitary fill 垃圾堆积场reclamation 废料回收,改造,垦殖disposal 处理,清理,处置boring 钻探,打眼mat 席,垫,钢筋网 caisson 沉箱retaining-wall 挡土墙uneven settlement 不均匀沉降overburden 超载,过载 strap beam 搭扣形梁unsound 不坚固的,不牢固的pile 桩,打桩hardpan 硬土层,坚固基础 raft 筏,木排combined footing 联合基础 cantilever footing 悬臂基础raft of floating foundation 筏式基础或浮筏基础soil mass 土体pile shaft 桩身 stratum 地层, 矿层end-bearing pile 端承桩 uplift 举起, 抬起water table 地下水位scour 冲刷, 洗涤deposit 沉积, 浇注, 矿床 soil-exploration 土质勘察footing 基础, 基脚, 底座 strip 带, 条, 狭长片raft 筏, 垫板 capital 柱头fixity 固定, 不变eccentric 偏心的, 不同圆心的nonuniformity 不均匀性, 不均质性 scheduling 编制时间表drain 消耗, 耗尽premium 奖金, 佣金hold up 阻碍procurement 取得, 获得, 采购vector 矢量, 向量prerequisite 先决条件, 前提concurrent 同时进行的, 并行的 lead time 产品设计至实际投产时间litigation 诉讼, 打官司 chronological 按时间顺序的hoist 卷扬机, 起重机 utility 实用的, 公用事业utility line 公用事业管线 accrue 产生, 出现dismantle 拆除, 拆卸 remuneration 酬劳, 报酬commensurate 同量的, 相应的 degenerate into 简化成, 变质成in-house 机构内部的 critical path 关键路径lay down 规定, 制定计划 wearing surface 磨耗面base course 基层 asphalt 柏油landscaping 风景设计, 风景布置 bulldozer 推土机, 压路机vibrating roller 振动压路机 bitumen 沥青grill 格栅, 铁格网mesh 网, 网格, 筛concrete train 混凝土铺路机组 slipform paver 滑模铺路机hold in place 把…固定在引诱的位置runway 跑道, 通道Tokaido line 新干线 catalyst 触媒, 催化剂Side-effect 副作用 decentralization 分散, 疏散Unity 整体, 单元 outstrip 超过Crude 天然的, 原油piecemeal 片断, 点Ferment 酵素, 发酵, 蓬勃发展 underlying 基础的, 根本的Geographer 地理学家 operations research 运筹学Cable-stayed 斜拉的, 张拉的 girder 梁, 垳, 梁杆Cast-in-place 现场浇筑的 AASHT美国洲际公路及运输工作者协会AREA 美国铁路工程师协会 crossing 交叉, 十字路口Pier 桥墩 elevated 高架的, 高的, 高架铁路Clearance 间隙, 净空, 间距 segment 部分, 段Dominance 支配, 控制, 优势 one-way slab 单向配筋板Versus 与…的关系曲线 statically determinate structure 静定结构Skew 斜的, 扭的, 弯曲的on-site 现场的, 就地的, 工地Shear key 受剪键bituminous concrete 沥青混凝土Dissipate 清除, 消除 composite structure 混合结构Acronym 缩写词, 缩语chore 零星工作, 零活In the foreseeable future 在可遇见的未来一段时间内 impetus 动力, 刺激Draughtsman 绘图员, 起草者 repetitious 重复的, 反复的Mundane 世间的, 世俗的jargon 行话, 术语, 难懂的话Level 水平, 水位, 水平仪 theodolite 精密经纬仪Envision 想象, 遇见, 展望contour map 等高线, 地形图Plat 地段, 地区图, 地段图grading 校准, 定标, 土工修正Stake 标桩, 定位木桩picture 图画, 设想, 想象Cut 挖土, 挖方 fill 填筑, 填方, 填土, 路堤Borrow 取土, 采料, 采料场 indeterminate structure 超静定结构Myriad 万, 无数, 无数的 photogrammetry 摄影测绘sGeotechnical engineering 岩土工程 mass transit 公共交通Transmission line 输电线infiltrate 渗入, 渗透Estimator 估价者, 评价者rival 对手, 竞争, 比得上Off-the-shelf 现成的, 成品的, 畅销的 afterthought 回想, 反省, 后悔, 马后炮Timeliness 及时, 时间性, 好时机 inception 开始, 起头, 开端Culminate 达到顶点, 结束 beneficiary 受益人, 受惠人Outset 开始, 最初 working drawing 施工图Prescribe 规定, 命令 delineation 描绘, 描述Co-ordinate 相同, 同等的事物 prerogative 特权, 特性Board of directors 董事会 estimating 估价Margin 边缘, 余量, 余地tender 投标, 承包, 标件Incisive 尖锐的, 深刻的, 透彻的 realm 范围, 部门, 类Forethought 预先考虑好的modus 方法, 程式Modus operandi 做法, 方法, 工作方式nullify 废弃, 取消Indispensable 不可缺少的, 必需的 corollary 推论, 结果Doom 毁灭, 灭亡, 判决 obverse 较显著面Tactical 战术的, 策略的deployment 部署, 调度, 配置Ensemble 整体, 总效果 pictorial 绘图的, 插图的Dispassionate 冷静的, 不带偏见的 prognosis 预测, 预报Ubiquitous 普遍存在的, 随遇的 denominator 分母, 标准Handmaiden 起陪衬作用的 liken 比拟Jobbing 做临时工trade journal 行业期刊Cost plus 附加费 premise 前提, 房产Speculation 投机, 投机买卖sub-contractor 转包商, 分包商Order 订单 on-cost 杂费, 间接成本Microfiche 缩微胶片, 平片。
【建筑工程管理】土木工程专业名词
地基和基础术语工程结构设计的地基和基础术语及其涵义,应符合下列规定:1. 扩展(扩大)基础spread foundation将块石或混凝土砌筑的截面适当扩大,以适应地基容许承载能力或变形的天然地基基础.2. 刚性基础rigid foundation基础底部扩展部分不超过基础材料刚性角的天然地基基础.3. 独立基础single footing用于单柱下并按材料和受力状态选定型式的基础.4. 联合基础combined footing有两根或两根以上的立柱(简体)共用的基础,或两种不同型式基础共同工作的基础.5. 条形基础strip founcation水平长而狭的带状基础6. 壳体基础shell foundation以壳体结构形成的空间薄壁基础.7. 箱形基础box foundation由钢筋混凝土底板,顶板侧墙板和一定数量的内隔墙板组成整体的形似箱形的基础.8. 筏形基础raft foundation支承整个建筑物或构筑物的大面积整体钢筋混凝土板式或梁板式基础.9. 桩基础pile foundation由桩连接桩顶,桩帽和承台组成的深基础.10. 沉井基础open caisson foundation上下敞口带刃脚的空心井筒状结构下沉水中到设计标高处,以井筒作为结构外壳而建筑成的基础.11. 管柱基础cylinder pile foundation ; cylinder caisson foundation大直径钢筋混凝土或预应力混凝土圆管,用人工或机械清除管内土,石,下沉至地基中, 固于岩层或坚实地层的基础.12. 沉箱基础caisson foundation用气压排水,开挖水下土(岩)层,把闭口箱下沉到设计标高所建成的基础.13. 路基subgrade of highway (railway)道路路面或铁路轨道下面的基础结构,高于原地面的填方路基称路堤,低于原地面的挖方路基称路堑.14. 基床bed ; bedding一般指天然地基上开挖(或不开挖)的基槽,基坑,经回填处理,形成可以扩散上部结构荷载传给地基的传力层,分明基床和暗基床两类.结构可靠性和设计方法术语工程结构的可靠性和设计方法术语及其涵义应符合下列规定:1. 可靠性reliability结构在规定的时间内,在规定的条件下,完成预定功能的能力,它包括结构的安全性,适用性和耐久性,当以概率来度量时,称可靠度.2. 安全性safety结构在正常施工和正常使用条件下,承受可能出现的各种作用的能力,以及在偶然事件发生时和发生后,仍保持必要的整体稳定性的能力.3. 适用性serviceability结构在正常使用条件下,满足预定使用要求的能力.4. 耐久性durability结构在正常维护条件下,随时间变化而仍能满足预定功能要求的能力. 5. 基本变量basic variable影响结构可靠度的各主要变量,它们一般是随机变量.6. 设计基准期design reference period进行结构可靠性分析时,考虑各项基本变量与时间关系所取用的基准时间.7. 可靠概率probability of survival结构或构件能完成预定功能的概率.8. 失效概率probability of failure结构或构件不能完成预定功能的概率.9. 可靠指标reliability index度量结构可靠性的一种数量指标.它是标准正态分布反函数可在可靠概率处的函数值,并与失效概率在数值上有一一对应的关系.10. 校准法calibration通过对现存结构或构件安全系数的反演分析来确定设计时采用的结构或构件可靠指标的方法.11. 定值设计法deterministic method基本变量作为非随机变量的设计计算方法,其中,采用以概率理论为基础所确定的失效概率来度量结构的可靠性. 12. 概率设计法probabilistic method基本变量作为随机变量的设计计算方法.其中,采用以概率理论为基础所确定的失效概率来度量结构的可靠性.13. 容许应力设计法permissible (allowable) stresses method以结构构件截面计算应力不大于规范规定的材料容许应力的原则,进行结构构件设计计算方法.14. 破坏强度设计法ultimate strength method考虑结构材料破坏阶段的工作状态进行结构构件设计计算的方法,又名极限设计法,苛载系数设计法,破损阶段设计法,极限荷载设计法.15. 极限状态设计法limit states method以防止结构或构件达到某种功能要求的极限状态作为依据的结构设计计算方法.16. 极限状态limit states结构或构件能够满足设计规定的某一功能要求的临界状态,超过这一状态,结构或构件便不再满足对该功能的要求.17. 极限状态方程limit state equation当结构或构件处于极限状态时,各有关基本变量的关系式.18. 承载能力极限状态ultimate limit states结构或构件达到最大承载能力,或达到不适于继续承载的变形的极限状态.19. 正常使用极限状态serviceability limit states结构或构件达到使用功能上允许的某一限值的极限状态.20. 分项系数partial safety factor用极限状态法设计时,为了保证所设计的结构或构件具有规定的可靠,而在计算模式中采用的系数,分为作用分项系数和抗力分项系数两类.21. 设计状况design situation以不同的设计要求,区别对待结构在设计基准期中处于不同条件下所受到的影响,作为结构设计选定体系,,设计值,可靠性要求等的依据.22. 持久状况persistent situation出现的持续时间长,几乎与结构设计基准期相同的设计状况.23. 短暂状况transient situation出现的持续时间较短,而出现概率高的设计状况.24. 偶然状况accidental situation偶然事件发生时或发生后,其出现的持续时间短,而出现概率低的设计状况.结构上的作用、作用代表值和作用效应术语工程结构上的作用,作用代表值和作用效应术语及其涵义应符合下列规定:1. 作用action施加在结构上的一组集中力或分布力,或引起结构外加变形或约束变形的原因.前者称直接作用,后者称间接作用.2. 荷载load指施加在结构上的集中力或分布力.3. 线分布力force per unit length施加在结构或构件单位长度上的力.4. 面分布力force per unit area施加在结构或构件单位面积上的力,亦称压强.5. 体分布力force per unit volume施加在结构或构件单位体积上的力.6. 力矩moment of force力与力臂的乘积7. 永久作用permanent action在设计基准期内量值不随时间变化的作用,或其变化与平均值相比可以忽略不计的作用.其中,直接作用亦称恒荷载.8. 可变作用variable action在设计基准期内量值随时间变化且其变化与平均值相比不可以忽略的作用.其中,直接作用亦称活荷载.9. 偶然作用accidental action在设计基准期内不一定出现而一旦出现其量值很大且持续时间较短的作用。
单词
10.砌体结构 masonry ['meisnri] structure
11.钢结构 steel structure
12.钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete structure
13. 统一建筑规范 the Uniform Building Code
7.交通工程 transportation engineering
8.环境工程 environmental engineering
9.水利工程 hydraulic [hai'drɔ:lik] engineering
10.工业建筑 industrial building
11.民用建筑 civil building; civil architecture
9. levelling 水平测量，水准测量
11. discipline 学科
12. precipitation （雨等）降落，某地区降雨等的量
13. toxic 有毒的
14. equilibrium 平衡，均衡
15. anthropogenic 人为的
14．应力-应变曲线 stress-strain curve
15．正态分布曲线 normal distribution curve
Unit15
a土木工程专业词汇(1)
1.长期荷载 sustained load
2.水泥凝胶体 cement gel
扩展基础 spread footing／foundation
筏基础 mat footing
深基础 deep foundation
土木织物 geotextile
建筑专业土木工程词汇及术语 中英文对照
建筑专业笔记整理大全—结构工程常用词汇—土木工程常用英语术语结构工程常用词汇混凝土：concrete钢筋:reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝土:reinforced concrete（RC)钢筋混凝土结构：reinforced concrete structure板式楼梯：cranked slab stairs刚度：rigidity徐变：creep水泥：cement钢筋保护层：cover to reinforcement梁：beam柱：column板：slab剪力墙：shear wall基础:foundation剪力：shear剪切变形：shear deformation剪切模量：shear modulus拉力：tension压力:pressure延伸率：percentage of elongation位移：displacement应力：stress应变:strain应力集中：concentration of stresses应力松弛：stress relaxation应力图：stress diagram应力应变曲线：stress—strain curve应力状态：state of stress钢丝：steel wire箍筋：hoop reinforcement箍筋间距：stirrup spacing加载:loading抗压强度：compressive strength抗弯强度：bending strength抗扭强度：torsional strength抗拉强度：tensile strength裂缝：crack屈服:yield屈服点：yield point屈服荷载：yield load屈服极限：limit of yielding屈服强度:yield strength屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield荷载：load横截面：cross section承载力：bearing capacity承重结构：bearing structure弹性模量：elastic modulus预应力钢筋混凝土：prestressed reinforced concrete预应力钢筋：prestressed reinforcement预应力损失：loss of prestress预制板:precast slab现浇钢筋混凝土结构：cast—in-place reinforced concrete 双向配筋：two-way reinforcement主梁：main beam次梁：secondary beam弯矩：moment悬臂梁：cantilever beam延性：ductileity受弯构件：member in bending受拉区:tensile region受压区:compressive region塑性：plasticity轴向压力：axial pressure轴向拉力:axial tension吊车梁：crane beam可靠性：reliability粘结力：cohesive force外力:external force弯起钢筋：bent-up bar弯曲破坏：bending failure屋架:roof truss素混凝土：non-reinforced concrete无梁楼盖:flat slab配筋率:reinforcement ratio配箍率：stirrup ratio泊松比:Poisson’s ratio偏心受拉：eccentric tension偏心受压：eccentric compression偏心距：eccentric distance疲劳强度：fatigue strength偏心荷载：eccentric load跨度：span跨高比：span-to—depth ratio跨中荷载：midspan load框架结构：frame structure集中荷载:concentrated load分布荷载：distribution load分布钢筋：distribution steel挠度：deflection设计荷载：design load设计强度：design strength构造：construction简支梁：simple beam截面面积:area of section浇注：pouring浇注混凝土：concreting钢筋搭接：bar splicing刚架：rigid frame脆性：brittleness脆性破坏：brittle failure土木工程常用英语术语第一节一般术语1. 工程结构building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称.2。
土木工程法汉词汇
建筑工程accélérateur de prise （水泥）凝固剂acier en attente 连接钢筋，预留钢筋acier rond 圆钢筋agitateur 搅拌棒，搅拌器agrégat/ granulat（混凝土）骨料～fin 细骨料～gros 粗骨料arase n.f. 整平，砌平araser 整平，砌平armature n.f. 钢筋骨架armature ondulée 螺纹钢筋骨架assise n.f. （砖、石的）层assise par assise 一层层地assemblage bout à bout 端头对接～en coin 角连接～en T T形连接～à clin ou à recouvement 搭接～à bords relevés 端头翘起连接～avec couvre-joints 加盖缝板连接autochargeur 自动装载机bâtiment 楼房béton armé 钢筋混凝土béton compacté par choc 振动夯实混凝土béton coulé en place 现场浇注混凝土béton coulé 浇灌混凝土béton en masse 大块（大体积）混凝土béton étanche 防水混凝土béton fin 细骨料混凝土béton frais 新浇注的混凝土béton lisse 平滑的混凝土面层béton 混凝土bétonnière 混凝土搅拌机bloc à semelle 底座bouteur sur chenille/j/ 履带式推土机bouteur sur pneus 轮式推土机brasage 焊接～de plomberie 管道焊接brique 砖～creuse 空心砖～pleine 实心砖bulldozer 推土机cage d’escalier楼梯间camion 卡车carte topographique 地形图chape 水泥防水面层charger 装载chargeur 装载机chargeuse-pelleteuse 装载挖土机（两头忙）chevêtre 横梁、托梁ciment à haute résistance 高强度水泥，高标号水泥ciment à prise rapide 快干（快凝）水泥ciment d’amiante 石棉水泥ciment en vrac 散装水泥ciment expansif 膨胀水泥ciment hydrofuge 防水水泥 ciment lent 慢凝水泥 ciment normalisé 标准水泥 ciment Portlant 硅酸盐水泥 ciment 水泥 cimenterie 水泥厂 cloison n. f. 隔断，隔墙 cloison en épi 半隔墙 coffrage 模板 ～ en bois 木模板 ～ métallique 金属模板 colmatage 封堵compacité n . f. 密实，密实度 compactage 夯实 compacter 夯实compacteur 夯实机，压路机 console 挑梁，牛腿 couche 层～ argileuse 粘质岩层～ imperméable argileuse 不透水粘土层 ～ hydraufuge 防水层 （hydrofuge ）～ instable 不稳定层 ～ perméable 透水层 ～ supérieure du sol 表土层couler du béton par le haut 从顶部灌注混凝土 couler du ciment 用水泥浇牢 couler le béton 灌注混凝土 coulis 灰浆，水泥浆 creusage 挖掘creuser 挖掘 creuseuse 挖掘机 crevasse 裂缝，裂隙 dalle 石板，水泥板～ de couverture 混凝土屋面板 ～ en béton armé 钢筋混凝土板 déblai 挖方、挖出的土 déblayage 挖土、挖方 déblayer 挖土、挖方 décapeuse 刮土机 décharger 卸载 décoffrage 拆模板 décoffrant 脱模剂 décoffrer 拆模板 des matériaux 材料 donnée n.f. 数据，资料～s géologiques 地质数据，地质资料 ～s naturelles 自然状况资料données fonctionnelles 专业数据，专业资料 dosage du béton 混凝土配料dosage en poids （混凝土拌合中）按重量配料 échafaudage 脚手架 ～ roulant 可移动脚手架 échafauder 搭脚手架élévateur 提升机 élément de bourdis 预制楼板 épuisement de fouille 挖方排水 escalier 楼梯 étage 楼层étendre le mortier avec une truelle 用镘刀抹灰泥 fer à béton 混凝土用钢筋 fer de scellement 锚固钢筋 ferraillage （一栋建筑物的）钢筋 fissure 裂缝，裂纹 ～ d’un mur 墙裂缝 fondation 基础 ～ de mur 墙基 ～ en briques 砖基础 ～ en béton 混凝土基础 ～ isolée 墩基础，柱基础 ～ sur grille couché 格排地层基础 ～ sur pieux 桩基 grave 粗砂 gravier 砾石 hourdis 楼板砖 immeuble 大楼，房屋 jambage 门窗的侧墙la fréquence des secousses sismiques 地震冲击频 laitance 薄水泥浆le coût de la main-d’oeuvre 人工费le géothecnique 地质？géotechnique a.土工学等 le régime des eaux 地下水分布，地下水状况 le régime des vents 气流分布，气流状况 le temps de prise 凝结（凝固）时间les coupes et les détails 剖面图，施工祥图 les délais contractuels de réalisation 合同竣工期限 les plans 平面图les profils en long 纵剖面图les profils en travers 横剖面图 les relevés topographiques avec indication des repères de niveau 附有水准点的地形测量图 linteau de porte 门过梁 longuerine n. f. 地梁，地龙 maçon 泥水工人，砌筑工人 maçonnage 砌筑 maçonner 砌筑maçonnerie de briques 砖砌体 maçonnerie de pierres 石砌体 maçonnerie massive 实心砌体maçonnerie 砖石工程，泥水工程，砌筑工程；砌筑，砌体maîtresse poutre 主梁 marteau de battage 打桩机matériaux de construction 建筑材料matériels de terrassement 土方工程机械，运土机械 mélangeur 搅拌器mettre des coffrages 装模板，支模板mortier bâtard 水泥石灰砂浆 mortier de ciment 水泥沙浆 mur de gros oeuvre 主体墙niveau de maçon （泥瓦工用的）水准器 niveler le sol 平整土地 niveleur ( niveleuse ) 平地机nivellement des terres 平整土地ossature 框架，构架～ du bâtiment 建筑构架，楼房构架 ～ en béton armé 钢筋混凝土构架 ～ de support 承重构架～ métallique 钢框架 palan 葫芦parpaing 混凝土块，混凝土砖partie friable de béton 混凝土松动部分（须去除，重浇注） pelle 挖土机 ～ hydraulique ～ à cable piquet-repère 定位桩 plancher 楼板poteau de structure en béton armé 钢筋混凝土立柱 poteau 支柱 poutre 梁poutre (n.f. ) en béton 混凝土梁 première assise d’un mur 墙的第一层（砖或石） prise n.f. 凝结，凝固purge d’eau , dra inage , évacuation 排水 radier 脚手架板relever des données 测定数据，提取资料 remblai 填土，回填；回填土，回填料 remblayage 填土 remblayer 充填 repère 标记，方位标repère de niveau 水准标，水准点 rétrochargeuse 翻斗装载机 rez de chaussée ( R.D.C.) 楼底层rugosité 凹凸不平 sable 沙子silo à ciment 水泥筒仓silo doseur de sable, ciment et gravier 沙、水泥、石子配比仓 socle en béton 混凝土基座 souder 焊接～ à la molette 线焊，缝焊～ à rapprochement 对接焊 ～ par points 点焊～ par recouvement 搭接焊 ～ dout à dout 对焊 soudure n.f. 焊接 ～ à flamme de gaz 气焊 ～ à l’ar c 电弧焊 ～ à l’argent 银焊～ à pleine pénétration 全焊，全透焊接 ～ à points continus 连续点焊接 ～ au gaz 气焊 ～ autogène 气焊～ bout à bout sur chanfrein en V 无坡口对焊接 ～ par points 点焊 ～ continue 线焊，缝焊 ～ de réparation 补焊 soudage 焊接（动名词） ～ à plat 平焊 ～ au plafond 仰焊～ en position verticale 垂直焊～ au chalumeau oxyacétylénique 氧乙炔吹管焊接 ～ au chalumeau oxhydrique 氢氧吹管焊接 ～ à l’arc électrique avec électrodes enrobées 屏蔽电极电弧焊～ électrique à l’arc en atmosphère inerte 惰性气氛电～ électrique à l’arc avec fils électro des fusibles焊丝电弧焊～ au plasma d’arc 等离子弧焊station de bétonnage , centrale à béton 混凝土搅拌站 surfaceuse-finisseuse 摊铺机taloche 托泥板 talus 边坡talutage 修筑斜坡 taluter 将……修筑成斜坡 tapis de drainage 排水层 terrassement de tranchées 挖方 terre 土～ végétale 腐殖土 /种植土 ～ sableuse 砂质土théodolite 经纬仪 tige d’acier 钢筋tombereau （有活动挡板的）两轮载重车 topographie n. f. 地形、地形测量 trémie 料斗 tronçonnage 切割 tronçonner 切割 tronçonneuse 钢筋切割机 truelle 镘刀，抹子 tuile 瓦～ d’amiante , plaque ondulée en amiante-ciment 石棉瓦V.R.D. 外部管道等（Voies et reseaux divers ） wagonnet 翻斗隧道工程abattage 开采、采掘 abattage 开采、采掘 acier en I 工字钢 acier en u u 型钢adier b éton 防水混凝土保护层r advancement 进度 al éseur 扩孔钻（头） ancrage 锚栓，锚定，锚固 ancrage 锚栓，锚定，锚固 apd des tunnels 隧道标前详细设计armatures en acier à haute adhérence pour béton armé 螺纹钢筋 assainissements 排水avancement de (travail, travaux) 工程进展，工程进度 axe du tunnel 隧道中心线 bande hydrophile 止水带 barre de soutenement 超前管棚 bâtiment annexe 附属建筑 b éton poreux 透水混凝土 b éton projet é 喷射混凝土 b éton coul é en place 现浇混凝土 béton de proprete et béton maigre pour fond de fouille 素混凝土和贫混凝土b éton de radier 混凝土基层 b éton de rev êtement 衬砌混凝土b éton en cailloux 卵石混凝土 b éton étanche 防水混凝土 b éton hydrofuge 防水混凝土 b éton ing élif 抗冻混凝土b éton maigre 贫混凝土，少水泥混凝土 b éton non arm é素混凝土 b éton poreux 多孔混凝土 b éton poreux 多孔混凝土béton projeté renforcé de fibres 喷纤维混凝土b éton projet é 喷射混凝土béton rn40 pour revêtement du tunnel en galerie 隧道衬砌的混凝土 b éton 混凝土 blindage 护板、板桩 blindage 护板、板桩 bois 木材 bois 木材 boulon m. 螺栓boulon de scellement 锚栓 boulon de scellement 锚栓boulon expandeur,boulon à expansion 膨胀螺栓boulon expandeur/boulon à expansion 膨胀螺栓 boulon m. 螺栓boulonnage du front de taille 超前锚杆 boulonnage du front de taille 超前锚杆 boulonnage 螺栓连接boulons d’an crage de haute r ésistance 高强度锚 boulons en fibre de verre 玻璃纤维锚杆boulons tirants d’ancrage boulons d’ancrage 锚杆 boulou à ancrage par gonflement 膨胀式锚杆 calotte demi-section sup érieure 上台阶 calotte 隧道拱顶camera de telesurveillance 摄像机 canal d ’air frais 通风道candelabre de 12 m de hauteur 12m 高路灯 caniveau 电缆沟、排水沟cctv-camera de telesurveillance 闭路电视 ch amp gravitationnel 引力场 champ de d éplacement 位移场champ de (gravit é, pesanteur, gravitation) 重力场 champ de contraintes 应力场 chantier 工地chauss ée autorouti ère 高速路路面 chauss ée bidirectionnelle 双向行车道路 chauss ée bomb ée 拱形路面 chauss ée d'évitement 超车道 chauss ée en terre 土路面 chauss ée goudronn ée 焦油路面 chauss ée souple 柔性路面 chauss ée 行车道chaussées à couche de surface bitumineuse 表层沥青路chauss ées en b éton de ciment 水泥混凝土路面 chauss ée 路面 ciment 水泥 cintre m. 拱架cintre lourd 型钢拱架cintres reticules 网状隧道拱架（格栅拱架）cintres reticules格栅classification des roches 围岩分级coffrage de tunnel隧道模板coffrage et bétonnage des revêtements混凝土衬砌模板coffrage模板collecteur φ400 φ400纵向集水管conduite incendie 消防水管congélation冻结couche de roulement en béton bitumineux沥青混凝土面层couches d’étanchéité防水层courbes de convergence 收敛曲线creusement excavation开挖creusement avec cloison central 双侧壁开挖creusement avec cloison simple 单侧壁开挖creusement en demi-section半断面（上下台阶）开挖creusement en pleine section 全断面开挖creusement en section divisée隧道开挖方creuses 钻孔、打眼d’amelioration duterrain 改良地层dans le cas de fossés non préfabriqués现浇沟槽dans le cas de fossés préfabriqués预制沟槽dans le cas de regards préfabriqués预制检查井dans le cas des regards non préfabriqués现浇检查井de l'équipement de lutte contre le feu防火设备déblai en tunnel 隧道弃土déblais excavés àl’explosif 爆破开挖déclivité坡度des tunnels autoroutiers en bitube à deuxfois trois voies (2x3) 双向三车道高速度隧道descenderie斜井detecteur de CO CO检测器detecteur de visibilite能见度检测器detection incendie. 火灾探测dévers m. 超高、路面横坡distancemètre收敛计drain de chaussées路面排水管drain de chaussée纵向排水管drain perfore de 50mm circonferentiel (extrados) φ50mm打孔环形排水管drainage排水éclairage de (réserve, secours, sécurité) 应急照明灯éclairage照明éclairement照度écrou m. 螺[母、帽]effets sismiques de l’explosif 爆破震动影响électricité电力en tranchée couverte des tunnels明洞entrée进口entretien维护environnement环境équipements设备étanchéitépvc pvc防水板étanchéité防水excavation隧道开挖exfoliation 剥落explosive炸药extrusion 挤压feuille étanchéité防水板fissure 裂缝foisonnement 膨胀foisonnement膨胀forages d'injection注浆钻孔forages et injections 注浆孔forages et injections注浆孔forage钻孔front de taille掌子面gabarit routier 公路限界gabarit routier 公路限界gabarit 限界gabion m. 石笼galerie de retournement 转向车道garage 停车带géologiques et géotechniques工程地质学grave ciment f. 水泥沙砾groupes de soutènement 支护类型gunitage n.m. 喷浆，喷射水泥浆hauteur libre minimale 最小限界高度hauteur libre 限界高度implantation de ventilateurs风机布置incendie 火灾injection注（灌）浆jet fan射流风机jet grouting 泄水孔joints de dilatation膨胀接头jointure soudée接头焊缝jumbo 钻车karsts et cavités 溶洞l’acier型钢l’éclairage àcontre-flux逆光照明la canalization d’évacuation 排水管la couche de drainage 排水层la crevasse 裂缝、裂隙largeur roulable 限界宽度lateral 侧导洞le béton de propreté素混凝土le cratére d’effondrement落水洞（灰岩坑）le foreur 凿岩工、钻孔工le fosséde terre plein central 环型排水沟le puits 水井le trou fore钻孔、炮眼les adjuvants 添加剂les armatures et le coulis防腐保护les communications通讯les coupleurs锚杆连接件les regards avaloirs et de visite带网栅的检查井les sout ènements 防护les structures souterraines 地下结构 les t êtes d’ancrage 锚头 luminance 亮度 marinage 废土清除masses des roches friable 易碎的岩石 mat ériaux 建筑材料membrabe d ’ étanch éit é 防水板 membrane d'étanch éit é 防水板 membranes d ’étanch éit é 防水板mesure de contrainte 应力量测 mesures de convergence 收敛量测mortier de ci ment 水泥砂浆，水泥浆 mortier 砂浆mur de sout ènement 挡土墙 na hp doubles(de 70 à 400w) 70-400双管高压钠灯niveau de chaussee （n.c ）路面标高niveau de fondation du tunnel(n.f.t) 隧道基础标高 niveau du terrain naturel 地面线nouvelle méthode autrichienne(natm)新奥法 œuvre 建筑物ordinateur 电子计算机perforatrice robotis ée 钻岩机（钻臂台车） plaque 垫板（锚杆） portails du tunnel 隧道洞门poste manuel d'alarme type bris de glace 手动报警装置 pr éd écoupage 预切割 pr éd écoupage 预切割prefabrication f. 预制 prefabrication f. 预制 pr éfabriqu é 预制 pr éradier contre-voût é仰拱pr é-sout ènement et de renforcement 超前预加固 profil en long 纵断面 profil en long 纵断面 profil en travers 横断面protection parasismique 抗震防护 purge d'eau 排水 qualit é质量radier b éton 基础混凝土 reconnaissance 勘测 regards 检查井remblai de terres 土石回填 remblai 填土，回填、路堤remplissage au béton de gravillon 石子混凝土填料 remplissage au béton de gravillon 石子混凝土填料remplissage au coulis (de ciment) 注浆 灌浆 remplissage de fente 裂缝堵塞remplissage de fente 裂缝堵塞 remplissage des joint 填缝 remplissage 填料remplissage 填料 reservation électrique 电缆槽r ésine f. 树脂rev êtement definitive 二次衬砌 rev êtement en b éton projet é喷混凝土衬砌 rev êtements 衬砌revêtement防水层rocher m. 岩石rocheux隧道围岩rondelle 垫圈、垫片ruine 坍塌rupture de voûte 拱顶断裂sécurité安全signalization 信号sortie出口sous-station变电站配电所soutenement proviso ire隧道超前支护soutènement支撑stross 下台阶surlargeur 加宽surveillance f. 监测système de ventilation 通风系统système de ventilation 通风系统taille工作面tassement下沉télésurveillance 远距电子监视télésurveillance 远距电子监视tir raté哑炮tir 放炮travaux de tunnel隧道工程travaux souterrain隧道工程treillis soudés 钢筋网trottoir m. 人行道trottoirs 人行道trottoir人行道tube droite tunnel droite右洞tube gauche tunnel gauche左洞tunnel bidirectionnal 双向隧道tunnel cadre隧道限界tunnel routier公路隧道tunnel unidirectionnal单向隧道tunnel voûte 拱形隧道tunnel /souterrain隧道tunnel àdeux voies双车道隧道tunnel àécoulement libre无压隧道tunnel àpéage收费隧道tunnel àune voie 单线隧道tunnel d'assèchement 泄水洞tunnel en maçonnerie石砌隧道tunnel immergé明挖隧道tunnel plein cintre en béton混凝土隧道tunnel pour piétons 人行洞人行地道tunnel routier公路隧道tunnelier隧道掘进机tunnelier隧道掘进机tunnels au rocher岩石隧道tunnels en exploitation 隧道运营tunnels en exploitation 隧道运营tunnels en terrain tendre土质隧道tuyau d'eau水管tuyaux circulaires en béton armé混凝土水管uminarie au sodium haute pression高压钠灯un système de classification des roches一个岩石分级系11 v ég étalisation 绿化 ventilation longitudinale avec extractions massives 竖井分段纵向式通风 ventilation longitudinale avec extractions massives 竖井分段纵向式通风ventilation longitudinale 纵向式通风ventilation naturelle 自然通风ventilation naturelle 自然通风ventilation semi-transversale 半横向通风ventilation transversale 全横向式通风ventilation transversale 全横向式通风 ventilation 通风ventilation 通风、换气vide 空洞、空隙vitesse de r éf érence 设计速度 voie pour v éhicules lents 慢车道 voie suppl émentaire en rampe 爬坡车道 vole 齐发爆破 voussoir 拱石。
土木工程专业词汇
1. 工程结构building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。
2. 工程结构设计design of building and civil engineering structures在工程结构的可靠与经济、适用与美观之间，选择一种最佳的合理的平衡，使所建造的结构能满足各种预定功能要求。
3. 房屋建筑工程building engineering一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
4. 土木工程civil engineering除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
5. 公路工程highway engineering为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
6. 铁路工程railway engineering为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
7. 港口与航道工程port ( harbour ) and waterway engineering为新建或改建港口与航道和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
8. 水利工程hydraulic engineering为修建治理水患、开发利用水资源的各项建筑物、构筑物和相关配设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
9. 水利发电工程（水电工程）hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering以利用水能发电为主要任务的水利工程。
土木工程概论专业词汇
土木工程概论专业词汇1. 混凝土 (Concrete)：一种由水泥、石料、沙子和水混合而成的材料，常用于建筑结构和公路工程。
2. 钢筋 (Rebar)：一种用于增强混凝土强度的金属材料，常用于建筑结构的框架部分。
3. 施工 (Construction)：指根据设计图纸和工程规范进行实际建设和安装工作的过程。
4. 地基 (Foundation)：指建筑物或结构的底层，用于承受并分散上方荷载的地下部分。
5. 结构 (Structure)：指建筑物或其他工程的整体框架，包括墙壁、柱子、屋顶等构件。
6. 桥梁 (Bridge)：一种跨越水面、峡谷或其他地形隔阂的结构，通常用于交通运输。
7. 隧道 (Tunnel)：一种地下通道，用于通行人员、车辆或管道等。
8. 水利工程 (Hydraulic Engineering)：涉及河流、湖泊、海洋等水体的开发、利用和管理的工程领域。
9. 防护工程 (Protection Engineering)：设计和建造用于保护建筑物、设备或人员免受自然灾害或其他危害的工程。
10. 环境工程 (Environmental Engineering)：涉及保护和改善环境质量，包括水、空气和土壤的处理与管理。
11. 岩土工程 (Geotechnical Engineering)：研究土壤和岩石的特性，以应对土体工程问题和地质灾害。
12. 施工管理 (Construction Management)：通过规划、组织、指导和监督工程项目的实施过程，以实现项目目标。
13. 工程测量 (Engineering Survey)：使用测量仪器和技术测量地理空间数据，为工程设计和施工提供准确的空间信息。
14. 施工安全 (Construction Safety)：指在施工过程中采取安全措施，预防和减少事故和伤害的风险。
15. 工程标准 (Engineering Standards)：指规定工程设计、施工和验收的技术规范，以确保工程质量和安全性。
土木工程专业英语词汇
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程GeotechnicalEngineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程TunnelEngineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程PortEngineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构trussstructure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracturemechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bendingmoment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearingstress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力activeearth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位waterheight 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International StandardBook Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专著monograph 89 会议论文集proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization 111解析方法analytical method 112 数值方法numerical method 113 计算computation 114 说明书instruction 115 规范Specification, Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇一. 综合类 1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程 2.foundation engineering基础工程 3.soil, earth土 4.soil mechanics土力学 cyclic loading周期荷载 unloading卸载 reloading再加载 viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基 viscous damping粘滞阻尼 shear modulus剪切模量 5.soil dynamics土动力学 6.stress path应力路径 7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 22.saturated soil饱和土 23.unsaturated soil非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土 28.zonal soil区域性土 29.soft clay软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 31.peat 泥炭 32.loess黄土 33.frozen soil冻土 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight干重度 26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律 2.piping管涌 3.flowing soil流土 4.sand boiling砂沸 5.flow net流网 6.seepage渗透（流） 7.leakage渗流 8.seepage pressure渗透压力 9.permeability渗透性 10.seepage force渗透力 11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形 1.soft soil软土 2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力 3.effective stress有效应力 4.total stress总应力 5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度 6.low activity低活性 7.sensitivity灵敏度 8.triaxial test三轴试验 9.foundation design基础设计 10.recompaction再压缩 11.bearing capacity承载力 12.soil mass土体 13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力） 14.concentrated load集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous均质 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing方形独立基础 20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土） 21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载 22.live load活载 23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载 24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土 35.normal stresses正应力 36.shear stresses剪应力 37.principal plane主平面 38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法 41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法 42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力 43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力 44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量 45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数 pression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress自重应力 49.additional stress附加应力 50.total stress总应力 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失稳 4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护 5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 6 retaining wall挡土墙 7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布 8 dewatering method降低地下水位法 9 well point system井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point真空井点 12 braced cuts支撑围护 13 braced excavation支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础 1)cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩 2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩 4)steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩 5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 6.shaft竖井；桩身 7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析 8.pile caps承台（桩帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力 17.silent piling静力压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩 20.pile groups群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η） 22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术 24.final set最后贯入度 25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验 26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） 29.pile spacing桩距 30.pile plan桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置 32.group action群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻 35.pile cushion桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test拔桩试验 38.pile shoe桩靴 39.pile noise 打桩噪音 40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation 1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论 4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比 5.overconsolidation soil超固结土 6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力 7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结 8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结 9.primary consolidation主固结 10.secondary consolidation次固结 11.degree of consolidation固结度 12.consolidation test 固结试验 13.consolidation curve固结曲线 14.time factor Tv时间因子 15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数 16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力 17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理 18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度 2.residual strength残余强度 3.long-term strength长期强度 4.peak strength峰值强度 5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率 6.dilatation剪胀 7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角 11.cohesion粘聚力 12.failure criterion破坏准则 13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度 14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度 15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线 16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model 1.elastic model弹性模型 2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型 3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型 4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型 5.boundary surface model边界面模型 6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型 7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型 8.cap model盖帽模型 9.work softening加工软化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则 14.yield surface屈服面 15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型 16.elastic modulus弹性模量 17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏 2.general shear failure整体剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态 5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载 6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性 7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure 1.active earth pressure主动土压力 2.passive earth pressure被动土压力 3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis 1.angle of repose休止角 2.Bishop method毕肖普法 3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数 4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法 5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法 6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall 1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性 2.foundation wall基础墙 3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙 4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙 5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙 6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙 7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙 8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩 3.steel piles钢桩 4.wooden sheet pile木板桩 5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础 pensated foundation补偿性基础 6.bearing stratum持力层 7.rigid foundation刚性基础 8.flexible foundation柔性基础 9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力 11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils 1.dynamic strength of soils动强度 2.wave velocity method波速法 3.material damping材料阻尼 4.geometric damping几何阻尼 5.damping ratio阻尼比 6.initial liquefaction初始液化 7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期 8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量 9.dynamic ma二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程 2.soil dynamics土动力学 3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱 5.earthquake intensity地震烈度 6.earthquake magnitude震级 7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期 8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验 4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验 5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU) 6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU) 7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD) paction test击实试验 9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验 10.quick direct shear test快剪试验 11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验 12.sieve analysis筛分析 13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验 14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验 15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪 16.direct shear test直剪试验 17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验 18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验 19.dynamic simple shear动单剪 20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试 1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验 4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test静力荷载试验 teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验 7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验 8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验 9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验 10.pressuremeter test旁压试验 11.light sounding轻便触探试验 12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测 13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验 14.field permeability test现场渗透试验 15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测 16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
土木工程专业词汇
1 土木工程专业词汇Shaft friction 桩身摩擦力Shaker 摇筛机SHAKE computer program SHAKE程式blocking 塞板block-diagram 立体地质剖面图block stone 块石block shear sample 块样剪力试验(现地试验) block sample 块状试样block foundation 块状基础block failure 块状破坏block anchorage 块状锚定blinding material 填塞材料blinding concrete 混凝土护层blinding 铺路石砂blind subdrain 盲沟blende drainage 盲沟排水blende drain 盲沟blende catch basin 盲接井blende soil 混染土bleeder well 释压井blasting 开炸blastability coefficient 开炸系数blastability 可炸性blast furnace slags 炉渣blast densification 爆破振密blast 开炸,爆风blanket grouting 覆盖灌浆blanket course 覆盖层blanket 覆盖blaine fineness 布莱恩细度black earth 黑土black cotton soil 黑棉土bituminous seal 沥青封层Seismorgraph 地震仪bond clay 胶结黏土Semi-conductor radiation 半导体放射线检定器bond 胶结,键,结合,粘结Semi-infinite solid 半无限体Sensitive clay 灵敏黏土bolting 螺固bolt 螺栓Sensitivity 灵敏度boiling 砂涌Sensitivity ratio 灵敏度boglime(see Freshwater marl) 沼泽淤泥Sequence of strata 地层层次bog peat 沼泽泥炭bog much 泥炭bog 沼泽地b 体波bady wave 体波bady stress 彻体应力bady measurement method 实体测定法bady force 彻体力blue print 蓝图blown per-min 每分钟打击数blown tip pile 爆端桩blown sand 风成砂blow-up 鼓起(路工)blow-in 涌入blow count of SPT 标准贯入击数blow count 打击数blocky structure 块状构造bore hole seismic loggine 钻孔震测柱状图Sedimentation analysis 沈淀分析bore hole 钻孔Seepage 渗流bore core 岩心Seepage face 渗流面Seepage failure 渗流破坏bore casing 套管Seepage force 渗流力Seepage line 渗流线Seepage pressure 渗流压力Seepage velocity 渗流速度bore 钻凿Seepage water 渗流水Seeping water 渗流水border stone 镶边石Segment 环片、环节border pile 边桩bookhouse fabric 书堆构造Segregation 离析book clay 带状黏土Seif 砂丘Seismic coefficient 地震系数bonding force 键力,结合力Seismic exploration 震动测探法bonding agent 粘结剂Seismic intensity scale 震度等级bonding 胶合Seismic velocity 震波速度bond strength 胶结强度,粘结强度borehole specimen 钻孔土样borehole shear apparatus 钻孔剪切仪borehole scanner 钻孔扫描器borehole sample 钻孔土样borehole record 钻孔纪录borehole pressure recovery test 钻孔压力恢复试验borehole periscope 钻孔潜望镜borehole log 钻孔柱状图borehole jack 钻孔千斤顶borehole gravimeter 钻孔重力仪borehole extensometer 钻孔伸张仪borehole cleaning 清孔borehole TV 钻孔电视borehole 钻孔borehole caliper 钻孔规borehole direct shear device 钻孔直剪仪borehole camera 钻孔照相机Secondary grout 二次灌浆Secondary lining 二次衬砌bored pile 钻掘桩bored cast-in-place pile 钻孔场柱桩bore-hole seismic logging 钻孔震测柱状图Secondary structure 二次构造Section modulus 断面系数bore rod 钻杆Sedentary soil 残积土Sediment 沉积物bore plug 钻孔取样点位图Sedimentary rock 沉积岩2 土木工程专业词汇bore log 钻孔柱状图Sandy soil 砂质土壤Saprolite 腐泥岩、腐泥土Saturated unit weight 饱和单位重Saturation 饱和Saturation curve 饱和曲线Saturation line 饱和线Scale 比例尺Scale effect 规模效应Scaly structure 鳞状构造Scarp 崖Schist 片岩Schistosity 片理Schmidt hammer 史氏锤Schmidt net 史氏网Scoria 火山岩滓Scour 冲刷Scraper 刮运机Scree 崖锥石屑Screen 筛Screening plant 筛场Screw auger 螺旋钻Screw pile 螺旋管SEAGS 东南亚大地工程学会Sealing coat 止水层Seam 缝层Seasonal movement 季节性移动Secant modulus 正割模数Secondary compression 次压缩Secondary consolidation 次压密borehole stress gage 孔内应力计Runoff 迳流Runway 跑道Rupture envelope 破坏包络线Rupture line 破坏线Rutting 车辙R-value 抵抗值RSafe load 安全载重Safety factor 安全系数Sag 下垂Salina 盐湖Salinity 盐度Sample 取样Sample 取样器Sampling 取样Sampling disturbance 取样扰动Sampling tube 取样管Sand 砂土、砂Sand bar 砂洲Sand bitumen 砂沥青Sand bitumen 砂沥青Sand bitumen 砂沥青Sand drain 排水砂桩Sand dune 砂丘Sand fraction 砂分量Sand mat 砂垫Sand pile 砂桩Sandstone 砂岩Sandy clay 砂质黏土Sandy clay loam 砂质黏质壤土Sandy loam 砂质壤土Rock drilling 岩层钻孔Rock facies 岩相Rock fall 落盘、落石Rock fill dam 堆石坝Rock flour 岩末Rock mass 岩体Rock mass rating (RMR) 岩体分级法Rock mechanics 岩石力学Rock pressure 岩石压力Rock quality designation 岩石品质指标Rock salt 盐岩Rock slide 岩石滑动Rock test 岩石试验Rock waste 岩屑Rod 钢杆Rolled earth dam 辗压土坝Rolled fill 辗压填土Roller 辗压机、压路机Roof 顶盘、天盘Root hole 根穴Rotary boring 旋转式钻孔Rotary drilling 旋转式钻孔Rotary percussion boring 旋转冲击式钻孔Rotational slip 旋转滑动Roughness 粗糙度Roughness ratio 粗度比Roundness 圆度比Rubber-tired roller 胶轮辗压机Rubber-tired roller 胶轮辗Rubble 粗石、碎石 Retardation延迟现象Retrogressive slide 後退滑动Reverse circulation bored pile 反循环法钻掘桩Reverse fault 逆断层Reynold's number 雷诺数Revetment 护岸Rheology 质流学Rhyolite 流纹岩Rift 裂向Rift valley 裂谷、地堑Rigid foundation 刚性基础Rigid pavement 刚性路面Rigid wall 刚性墙Rigidity modulus 刚性模数Rill erosion 细流冲蚀Ring shear apparatus 环式剪力仪Riprap 抛石Riser pipe 竖管River deposit 河积层River levee 堤岸River terrace 河成阶地Roadbed 路基Road embankment 路堤Road foundation 路基Robot 机器人Rock 岩石Rock anchor 岩锚Rock bolt 岩栓Rock burst 岩爆Rock core 岩心Relative humidity 相对湿度Relative rigidity 相对刚性Relict soil 遣土Relief well 释压井Remolded soil 重塑土壤Remolding (Remoulding) 重塑、重模Remolding gain 重塑强化量Remolding loss 重塑弱化量Remote sencing 遥感、遥测Rendulic's stress path 连瑞克应力路径Repeated loading 反覆载重、重复载重Replacement method 换土法Reservoir 水库、储油层Residual clay soil 残留黏土Residual deformation 残留变形3 土木工程专业词汇Residual factor 残留强度因数Residual shear strength 残留剪力强度Residual soil 残留土、残积土Residual settlement 残馀沈陷量Residual stress 残馀应力Resistance 阻抗、电阻Resisting moment 阻抗力矩、底抗力矩Resistivity survey 电阻测探法Resonance 共振Resonant-column test 共振柱试验Response control structure 免震构造Response spectrum 反应谱Restoring force 回复力Resultant seismic coefficient 合成地震系数Retaining wall 挡土墙Rate of loading 载重速度Rate of operation 运用率Rayleigh wave 瑞雷波Raymond pile 雷蒙桩Ready mixed concrete 预拌混凝土Reaming 扩孔Rebound curve 回胀曲线Recharge well 补注井Reclaimed land 新生地Recompact 再压实、再夯实Recompression 再压缩Reconnaissance 勘查Reconsolidation 再压密Recovery ratio 回收率Rectangle dividing method 长方形划分法Recumbent fold 卧褶皱Red clay 红黏土Red soil 红土Reduction factor 减低率Reflection method 反射法Refraction method 折射法Refusal 抗进(打桩)Regional metamorphism 区域变质作用Regolith 风化层表土Regur 黑棉土Reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土Reinforced concrete pile 钢筋混凝土桩Reinforced earth 加劲土Relative consistency 相对稠度Relative density 相对密度Quartz 石英Quartz-diorite 石英闪绿岩Quartz porphyry 石英斑岩Quartz-schist 石英片岩Quartzite 石英岩Quaternary deposit 第四纪层Quaternary period 第四纪Quay wall 岸墙Quick clay 流态黏土Quick condition 流态条件Quick explosives 高速炸药Quicksand 流砂Quick shear test 快剪试验Q-value Q值Radial flow 辐射流Radial shear 辐射状剪力Radial shear zone 辐射状剪力区Radioactive exploration (prospecting) 放射性检测探法Radioactive exploration 放射性检测探法Radioactive logging 放射性检层法Radius of influence 影响半径Radius of relative stiffness 刚比半径Raft foundation 筏式基础Raker pile 斜桩Rammer 击紧机、夯土机Ramp 坡道、匝道Rankine's earth pressure theory 兰金土压力理论Rankine's earth pressure 兰金土压力理论Rapid filtration 迅速过滤Rapid transit tunnel 捷运隧道boundary condition 边界条件bound water 附著水boulder clay 巨石黏土boulder blasting 巨石开炸boulder 巨石bottom pressure 底压力(隧道)boston heave 底部隆起boston charge 底部装药,底冲法boston blue clay 波士顿蓝黏土borrow pit 借土坑borrow material 借土料borrow exploration 借土勘探borrow exploration 借土堪探borrow area 借土区borrow 借土borros point 波罗杆(沉降观测)boring-core 钻孔岩心boring rod 钻杆boring rig 钻机boring maching 钻机boring log 钻孔柱状图boring frame 钻架boring casing 钻探套管boring bit 钻头boring 钻探,钻孔borescope 钻孔检示器borer 钻孔,钻机,钻头borehole (boring) 钻孔borehole surveying 钻孔测量Quarry 采石场、石矿brine 卤水briefly farozen soil 暂冻土brief analysis 简易分析bridge 桥breccia 角砾石breast wall 胸墙breakwater 防波堤breaking strain 断裂应变breakdown pressure 破碎压力break stone 碎石brazilian test 巴西式试验braided stream 辫状河川brackish water 微碱水4 土木工程专业词汇brackishdeposit 半碱沉积bracing 支撑braceing 支撑版braced sheeting 支撑版braced excavation 支撑开挖brace(bracing) 撑杆box shear apparatus (see direct shear apparatus) 盒式剪力仪(直接剪力仪之一种)box pile 箱型桩box foundation 箱型基础box caisson 沉箱bowl-shape settlement 碗型沉陷bowl scraper 刮土机boussinesq theory 布西涅斯克理论bourdon gauge 布登压力计boundary zone of capillarity 毛细管界限区boundary layer 边界层boundary layer 边界层bulk density 统体密度bulk compressibility 体积压缩性bulb pile 大头桩bulb of bressure 葱形等压力球building site 工地building rubble 建筑垃圾building material 建筑材料building line 建筑线building code (by-laws0 建筑法规buffer 缓冲器buckling 挫屈buckling load 压曲载重bucking 地壳弯曲bucket auger 戽斗钻bubbler unit 发泡器brucite 水镁石brownian movement 布朗运动brooming 劈裂bromine-82,Br 溴-82bromhead ring shear 环剪broken stone 碎石broken sliding surface 不连续滑动面broken course 断裂层broadly graded soils 宽级配土brittleness index 脆性指数brittleness 脆性brittle failure 脆性破坏brittle clay 脆性黏土brine storage 卤水存储brine pond 卤水池byte 位元组by-pass seepage 绕渗buttress wall 前垛墙butte 孤山butt 桩头burst tearing test 胀破试验burst strength 胀破强度burn-cut 核裂拔心开炸buried terrace 埋藏阶地buried structure 埋入式结构物burger's body 柏格体burger model 柏格模式burette 滴定管bureau public road classification system 美国公路局土壤分类法(BPRCS) burden 炸孔面距buoyat unit weight (see suberged unit weight) 浸水单位重buoyat pile 浮力桩buoyat foundation 浮式基础buoyat density,ρ浸水密度buoyancy raft 浮式基础buoyancy 浮力bunson burner 本身燃烧机bulldozer 堆土机bulking 胀bulkhead wall 隔墙,岸壁,档墙bulkhead 隔墙,堤岸,防水壁bulk unit weight 统体单位重bulk specific gravity 统体比重,假比重bulk rockfill 抛石体bulk modulus 统体模数calyx drill holes 萼状钻孔calyx drill 萼状钻caliper log 测径记录california bearing ratio (CBR) 加州载重比(美国)caliche 生硝,钙质土calibration test 校正试验calibration curve 校正曲线calibration 校正caldera 巨火山口calculous soil 砾质土calculate self-weight collapse, Δzs 计算自重坍陷量calcite 方解石calcilutie(calcilutyte) 灰泥岩calcify 钙化calcareous spar 方解石calcareous soil 石灰质土calcareous ooze 钙质软泥calcareous concretion 钙质结核calcareous 石灰质的calc spar 方解石caisson 沉箱caission foundation 沉箱基础caission disease 沉箱病,潜水夫病caission 沉箱cainozoic era 新生代cage of reinforcement 钢筋笼cable tool drilling 冲钻cable tool drill(see churn drill) 冲钻c-line C线(塑性图)c-horizon C层位Propylite 青盘岩Protective filter 保护滤层Proving ring 衡圈、计力圈Puddle clay 胶泥黏土Pulling test 抗拔试验Pull-out resistance 抗拔力Pull-out test 抗拔试验Pulvimixer 粉碎拌和机Pumice 浮石、蛭石Pumping phenomera 喷泥现象Pumping test 抽水试验、唧筒试验5 土木工程专业词汇P-wave 纵波、P波Pycnometer 比重瓶Pyrite 黄铁矿、硫化铁Pyrophyllite 叶蜡岩Pyroclastic rock 火成碎屑岩Pyrophyllite 叶辉石Pyroxene 辉石vise 老虎钳cantilever sheet piling 悬臂版桩cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂版桩墙cantilever sheet pile 悬臂版桩cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙cantilever footing 悬臂式基脚canalization 渠化,槽化camkometer 剑桥侧压仪cambridge sampler 剑桥取样器cambridge model 剑桥模式cambrian period 寒武纪camber 预拱Preconsolidation 预压密Preconsolidation pressure 预压密压力grenade 手榴弹Preload (Preloading) 预压、预压法Prepakt mortar pile 预垒桩Prescrete 混凝土灌铸机Pressure bulb 压力球根Pressure cell 压力计Pressure chamber 压力室Pressuremeter test 压力计试验Pressure tunnel 压力隧道Pressure-void ratio curve 压力孔隙比曲线Prestress 预力Primary breaker 一级碎石机Primary compression 主压缩Primary consolidation 主压密Primary lining 初始衬砌Primary stress 初始应力Principal plane 主平面Principal strain 主应变Principal stress 主应力Probing 探测Proctor compaction test 普罗克特压实试验、普罗克特夯实试验Proctor curve 普罗克特曲线Profile 剖面Progressive failure 渐进破坏Progressive settlement 渐增沈陷Progressive slide 渐进滑动Proof-rolling 辗压试验Prop 临时支柱Point load 点载重Poiseulle's law 普怡锡里定律Poisson's ratio 柏松比Polder 围生地Poling board 挡土板、插板Polygonal ground 多角形地Poncelet method 彭思烈图解法Poorly ground 软弱地盘Poorly graded 不良级配的Porcelain clay 瓷土Pore pressure 孔隙压力Pore pressure coefficient 孔隙压力系数Pore pressure dissipation 孔隙压力消散现象Pore water 孔隙水Pore water pressure 孔隙水压力Porosity 孔隙率Porous stone 透水石、多孔石Porphyrite 玢岩Porphyry 斑岩Post-hole auger 螺旋手钻Potential energy 势能、位能Pot-hole 壶穴(地质)Pot-hole 洼穴(路面)Power shovel 动力铲torch 火把，手电筒，泉源Pozzolan 火山灰Preboring 预先钻探Precambrian period 先寒武纪Precast concrete pile 预铸混凝土桩Precompression 预压Pingo 小丘Pipe line 管线Piping 管涌Pit sample 土坑土样、土坑试样Pit gravel 坑砾石Placement moisture content 填土含水量Plagioclase 斜长石Plane stress 平面应力Plane structure 平面构造Planimeter 面积仪Plastic design 塑性设计Plastic equilibrium 塑性平衡Plastic equilibrium theory 塑性平衡理论Plastic flow 塑性流Plasticity 塑性Plasticity chart 塑性图Plasticity index 塑性指数Plastic limit 塑性限度Plastic range 塑性范围Plastic strain 塑性应变Plastic zone 塑性区Plate loading test (Plate bearing test) 平板载重试验Plate tectonics 板块构造Plumbline 锤线Plunge 俯角Plutonic rock 深成岩Pneumatic caisson 压气沈箱Pneumatic-tired roller 胶轮辗压机Point bearing 桩底抗力Petroleum 石油Petrology 岩石学PF-value 吸力值PH-value 酸碱值Phenocryst 斑晶Photoelastic model test 光弹性模型试验Phreatic line 浸润线Phreatic surface 浸润面Phyllite 千枚岩Physical weathering 物理风化6 土木工程专业词汇Piano wire 预力钢线Pier foundation 墩基础Piezometer 水压计Piezometric head 压力水头Pile 桩Pile cap 桩帽Pile driving 打桩Pile driving analyser 打桩动力分析仪Pile driving formula 打桩公式Pile driving frame 打桩架Pile driving resistance 打桩阻抗Pile foundation 桩基础Pile group 群桩Pile hammer 桩锤、桩鎚Pile loading test 桩载重试验Piling rig 打桩机Pillar 矿柱Pillow lava 枕状熔岩Pilot drift 导坑Pilot tunnel 导坑Passive earth pressure 被动土压力Path of percolation 渗漏流径Pavement 路面、铺面Pea gravel 豆砾Peak value 尖峰值Peat 泥炭土Peat bog 泥炭地Pebble 圆砾Pedestal pile 百力达桩、蒜头桩Pegmatite 伟晶岩Pelagic deposit 深海堆积物Pelite mudstone 泥岩Peneplain 准平原Penetration record 贯入纪录Penetration test 贯入试验Penetrometer 贯入仪Percentage by weight 重量百分比Percent of consolidation 压密百分比Perched water table 栖止地下水位Percolation 渗流、渗漏Percussion boring 冲击式钻孔Peridotite 橄榄岩Period 纪Permafrost 永冻土Permeability 渗透性Permeability test 渗透试验、透水试验Permeameter 渗透试验仪Permian period 二叠纪Perviousness 渗透性Organic soil 有机土O-ring seal 止水环Orogeny 造山运动Orthoclase 正长石Orthogneiss 正片麻岩Osterberg's chart 欧使堡图表Outbreak 超挖、超炸Outcrop 岩层露头、露头Outside clearance ratio 外径比Outwast plain 冰水积土Oven-dried 烘乾Overbarden 覆土层Overbarden pressure 覆土压力Overcompaction 过度压实、过度夯实Over-consolidated 过压密的Over-consolidated ratio 过压密比Overhead 管理费Overturning moment 倾倒力矩Owner 业主Oxbow lake 新月湖、牛轭湖Ozone 臭氧Packing 填料、衬垫(打桩用) paleozoic era 古生代Pantograph 缩收器Panning 盘洗Parent rock 母岩Partial saturation 部份饱和Particle size 粒径Particle size distribution curve 粒径分布曲线Parting 裂理Newtonian fluid 牛顿流体Nodule 岩球Noise pollution 公害噪音Non-cohesive soil 非凝聚性土壤Nonconformity 非整合Non-destructive test 非破坏试验Non-uniform flow 非等流Normal fault 正断层Normal stress 正应力、垂直应力Normally consolidated clay 正常压密黏土Nuclear power plant 核能发电厂Null indicator 归零指示器Numerical calculation 数值分析法N-value N值、标准贯入击数Observation well 观测井Obsidian 黑耀岩Octahedral normal stress 正八面体正应力Oedometer test 压密试验Olivin 橄榄石Omori's formula 大森公式One-dimensional consolidation 单向度压实Ooze 软泥Open tender (bid) 公开招标Open caisson 开口沈箱Open cut 明挖法Open pit mining 明坑采矿法Optimum moisture content 最佳含水量Ordovician period 奥陶纪Ore 矿石Ore microscope 矿石显微镜Monoclinal flexure 单斜褶皱Montmorillonite 蒙特石、蒙脱土Moor 泥炭地Moraine 冰碛、冰堆石Mortar 水泥砂浆Mortar 研摩臼Moss 沼泽地Mountain building 造山运动Muck 黑泥Muck 土碴、碴Mud 淤泥Mud flat 泥滩Mud flow 泥流Mudstone 泥岩Mud water 泥水Multibench blasting 多阶开炸7 土木工程专业词汇Multi-purpoe dam 多目标水坝Muskeg 沼泽地Mylonite 摩烂岩Nappe 水舌Natural frequency 自然频率Natural moisture content 自然含水量Natural water cotent 自然含水量Natural water cotent 自然含水量Negative porewater pressure 负孔隙水压力Negative skin friction 负周面摩擦力、负表面摩擦力Neutral pressure 中和压力Neutral stress 中和应力Neutron moisture meter 中性子水分仪New Austrian tunnelling method (NATM) 新奥隧道法Mesozoic era 中生代Metamorphic rock 变质岩Metamorphism 变质作用Meteoric water 天水Meteorite 陨石Mica 云母Micaceous schist 云母片岩Microline 微斜长石Microfossil 微细化石Microscopic analysis 显微镜分析Microseism 微震动Milli-second blasting 毫秒开炸Mineral 矿物Mining subsidence 采矿坍陷Minor principal stress 最小主应力Mixed-in-place pile 场拌桩Model test 模型试验Modified seismic coefficient method 改良震度法Modulus of elasticity 弹性模数Modulus of rigidity 剪力模数Modulus of subgrade reaction 地盘反力系数Mogote 石灰岩残丘Mohr's circle 摩尔圆Mohr's envelope 摩尔包络线Mohs hardness 莫氏硬度Moisture content 含水量Molasse 磨砾层Mole 隧道钻凿机、全径隧道机Moment of inertia 惯性力矩Monkey 落鎚、落锤cap 桩帽,雷管(俗)Ma 一百万年Macadam method 马克当法Macadam roller 三轮辗压机、三轮压路机Mafic rock 镁铁质岩石Magma 岩浆Magnetic declination 磁偏角Magnetic exploration 磁力测探法Major principal stress 最大主应力Mandrel 导心杆Manning's fomula 曼宁公式Manometer 液体测压计Mantle 地函Marble 大理石Marine deposit 海积层Marker bed 指标层Marl 泥灰岩Marsh 沼泽地Marshall test 马歇尔试验Mass curve 土积曲线Mass movement 块体运动Mat foundation 筏式基础Maximum dry density 最大乾密度Maximum grain size 最大粒径Mechanical analysis 粒径分析Mechanical stabilization 粒径稳定法Mechanics of granular materials 粒状体力学Median tectonic line (MTL) 中央构造线Medium sand 中砂Mesh 筛眼carboniferous period, C 石炭纪carbonizationperiod, C 石炭纪carbonatite 碳酸盐岩carbonation 碳酸化carbonate 碳酸盐carbonaceous sediment 碳质沉积carbonaceous 碳的,碳质的,含碳的carbon-14, 囊式压力计capsule-type pressure gauge 囊式压力计caprock 冠岩capped yield model 加盖降服模式capillary zone 毛细管水层capillary water 毛细管水capillary tention 毛细管张力capillary saturation 毛细管饱和capillary rise, hc(height0 毛细管扬距capillary rise, hc9height0 毛细管扬距capillary pressure 毛细管压力capillary potential 毛细管势能capillary migration 毛细管水移动capillary life test 毛细管上升孔试验capillary interstice 毛细管孔隙capillary fringe 毛细管边缘capillary film 吸附水膜capillary action 毛细管作用capillarity 毛细管现象,毛系作用capillarimeter 毛细管仪capblock 桩帽capacity of well 井容量cap model 加盖模式catchment area (basin) 集水面积(区)catchdrain 截水沟catch basin 集水区catalyzer 催化剂cataclastic 压碎作用cataclasite 压碎岩cat and cancast-in-situ pile(cast-in-place pile) 场铸桩8 土木工程专业词汇cast-in-place doaphragm wall 场铸连续壁casagrande's soil classification 卡萨格兰德土壤分类法casagrande liquid limit apparatus 卡萨格兰德液限仪casagrande dot 卡萨格兰德孔隙压力测头casing shoe 套管靴casing head gas 套管头气体casing head 套管头casing collar 套管吊环casing 套管casing 套管cased pile 套管桩cased borehole 套管钻孔case study 个案研究case history 个案case hardening 表面硬化carry-over storage 调节水库carlson type strain meter 卡尔森氏应力计carlson stress meter 卡尔森应力计cardhouse fabric 片架组构cardboard drain 纸板排水card-board wick 排水纸板carbonization 碳化cenozoic era 新生代cementing agent 胶结剂cemented soil 胶结土cementaction 胶结作用cement-treated-soil grout 水泥土灌浆cement-stabilized soil 水泥稳定土cement stabilization 水泥稳定工法cement soil stabilization 水泥土壤稳定工法cement mortar 水泥砂浆cement injection 水泥注入工法cement grouting 水泥灌浆cellulosic fibers 纤维素纤维cellular texture 网格组织cellular retaining wall 格式挡土墙cellular core wall 舱式心墙cellular cofferdam 舱式围堰cell test 密室试验cell quay wall 舱室岸壁cell pressure 室压cell action factor 合作用因素CBR value 加州载重比值(美国)cavity expansion theory 扩孔理论cavity 洞穴caving 坍陷落盘cavern 洞穴cave-in 坍陷,落盘cave deposit 洞穴沉积causatic lime mud 灰质软泥cation 阳离子catcodic protection 阳极保护chasm 裂口chaser 送桩器charge density 电荷密度charge deficiency 电荷不足charge 装药,电荷,充电channery 碎石chance sample 随机样本chamber blasting (coyotehole blasting) 抗室爆破chalky clay 白垩黏土chalk marl 白垩泥灰岩chalk 白垩chaingage 链式水尺ceramics 陶磁ceramic filter 陶瓷滤器centroid 重心,形心centrifuge test 离心试验centrifuge moisture equivalent (CHE) 离心含水当量centrifuge modeling 离心机模拟centrifuge 离心机centrifugally-cast concrete driven pile 离心浇铸混凝土灌入桩centrifugal prestressed concrete pile 离心预力混凝土桩centrifugal model test 离心模型试验centrifugal force 离心力centrifugal concrete pile 离心混凝土桩centrifugal autoclaved concrete pile 离心蒸气压混凝土桩centric load 中心载重central earthquake 中心震centerline method 中线法centering 对中center line 中心线chlorite 绿泥石chisel bit 钻头chisel 凿chip 石片china-clay 瓷土chimney drain 烟囱式排水,竖向截水体chert 燧石chert 角岩chernozem soil 黑钙土chernozem 黑钙土chemise 土堤岸护墙,土堤岸护面chemical weathering 化学风化chemical waste disposal 化学废料处理chemical stabilization 化学稳定chemical stability 化学稳定性chemical sedimentary rock 化学沉积岩chemical reagents 化学试剂chemical precipitation 化学沉淀chemical property (of rock) 岩石化学性chemical interaction 化学交互作用chemical injection process 化学注液法chemical grouting 药液灌浆chemical deposit 化学沉积chemical decomposition 化学分解chemical churning pile 化学搅拌桩chemical bonding 化学胶合chemical board drain 化学板排水chemical additive 化学添加剂chellean age 旧石器时代(舍利时代) chat 燧石砾岩clay chunks 黏土块clay blanket 黏土覆盖clay binder 黏结科clay 黏土clastic deposit 碎屑沉积clastic 碎屑的clast 碎屑classification test 分类试验classification 分类class of hardness 硬度分类clasolite 碎屑岩civil engineers 土木工程师civil engineering 土木工程circlar soil cutter 切土环刀circlar slip surface 圆弧滑动面circlar sliding surface 圆弧滑动面circlar frequency 圆频率circlar foundation 圆弧基础circlar failure analysis 圆弧破坏分析circlar cofferdam 圆形围堰circlar are analysis 圆弧分析法circle of stress 应力圆。
土木工程专业英语词汇
挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall挡土墙挡土墙排水设施挡土墙挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall挡土墙垛式挡土墙挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall挡土墙后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall挡土墙基础墙foundation wall挡土墙加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead挡土墙锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall挡土墙锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall挡土墙锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall挡土墙悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall挡土墙悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall挡土墙重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall板桩结构物板桩sheet pile板桩结构物板桩结构sheet pile structure板桩结构物钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩结构物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile板桩结构物钢桩steel pile板桩结构物灌注桩cast-in-place pile板桩结构物拉杆tie rod板桩结构物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall板桩结构物锚固技术anchoring板桩结构物锚座Anchorage板桩结构物木板桩wooden sheet pile板桩结构物木桩timber piles板桩结构物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts基坑开挖与降水电渗法electro-osmotic drainage基坑开挖与降水管涌piping基坑开挖与降水基底隆起heave of base基坑开挖与降水基坑降水dewatering基坑开挖与降水基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit基坑开挖与降水基坑围护bracing of foundation pit基坑开挖与降水减压井relief well基坑开挖与降水降低地下水位法dewatering method基坑开挖与降水井点系统well point system基坑开挖与降水喷射井点eductor well point基坑开挖与降水铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope 基坑开挖与降水砂沸sand boiling基坑开挖与降水深井点deep well point基坑开挖与降水真空井点vacuum well point基坑开挖与降水支撑围护braced cuts浅基础杯形基础浅基础补偿性基础compensated foundation浅基础持力层bearing stratum浅基础次层（台）substratum浅基础单独基础individual footing浅基础倒梁法inverted beam method浅基础刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation浅基础刚性基础rigid foundation浅基础高杯口基础浅基础基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation浅基础基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction浅基础基底附加应力net foundation pressure浅基础交叉条形基础cross strip footing浅基础接触压力contact pressure浅基础静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation)浅基础壳体基础shell foundation浅基础扩展基础spread footing浅基础片筏基础mat foundation浅基础浅基础shallow foundation浅基础墙下条形基础浅基础热摩奇金法Zemochkin s method浅基础柔性基础flexible foundation浅基础上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interactionanalysis 浅基础谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation浅基础条形基础strip footing浅基础下卧层substratum浅基础箱形基础box foundation浅基础柱下条形基础深基础贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile深基础波动方程分析Wave equation analysis深基础场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile深基础沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile深基础沉井基础open-end caisson foundation深基础沉箱基础box caisson foundation深基础成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile深基础承台pile caps深基础充盈系数fullness coefficient深基础单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile深基础单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile深基础单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile深基础单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile深基础单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile深基础低桩承台low pile cap深基础地下连续墙diaphgram wall深基础点承桩（台）end-bearing pile深基础动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula深基础端承桩end-bearing pile深基础法兰基灌注桩Franki pile深基础负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile深基础钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles深基础钢桩steel pile深基础高桩承台high-rise pile cap深基础灌注桩cast-in-place pile深基础横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles深基础护壁泥浆slurry coat method深基础回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile深基础机挖异形灌注桩深基础静力压桩silent piling深基础抗拔桩uplift pile深基础抗滑桩anti-slide pile深基础摩擦桩friction pile深基础木桩timber piles深基础嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock深基础群桩pile groups深基础群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups深基础群桩效应efficiency of pile groups深基础群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 深基础深基础deep foundation深基础竖直群桩横向极限承载力深基础无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile深基础旋转挤压灌注桩深基础桩piles深基础桩基动测技术dynamic pile test深基础钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation深基础钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile深基础钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile深基础最后贯入度final set地基处理表层压密法surface compaction地基处理超载预压surcharge preloading地基处理袋装砂井sand wick地基处理地工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment地基处理电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting地基处理电渗法electro-osmotic drainage地基处理顶升纠偏法地基处理定喷directional jet grouting地基处理冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement地基处理短桩处理treatment with short pile地基处理堆载预压法preloading地基处理粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method地基处理复合地基composite foundation地基处理干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile地基处理高压喷射注浆法jet grounting地基处理灌浆材料injection material地基处理灌浆法grouting地基处理硅化法silicification地基处理夯实桩compacting pile地基处理化学灌浆chemical grouting地基处理换填法cushion地基处理灰土桩lime soil pile地基处理基础加压纠偏法地基处理挤密灌浆compaction grouting地基处理挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column地基处理挤淤法displacement method地基处理加筋法reinforcement method地基处理加筋土reinforced earth地基处理碱液法soda solution grouting地基处理浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method地基处理降低地下水位法dewatering method地基处理纠偏技术地基处理坑式托换pit underpinning地基处理冷热处理法freezing and heating地基处理锚固技术anchoring地基处理锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning地基处理排水固结法consolidation地基处理膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment地基处理劈裂灌浆fracture grouting地基处理浅层处理shallow treatment地基处理强夯法dynamic compaction地基处理人工地基artificial foundation地基处理容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure地基处理褥垫pillow地基处理软土地基soft clay ground地基处理砂井sand drain地基处理砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 地基处理砂桩sand column地基处理山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area地基处理深层搅拌法deep mixing method地基处理渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment地基处理石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method地基处理石灰桩lime column, limepile地基处理树根桩root pile地基处理水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio地基处理水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method地基处理水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting地基处理塑料排水带plastic drain地基处理碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar地基处理掏土纠偏法地基处理天然地基natural foundation地基处理土工聚合物Geopolymer地基处理土工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理土桩earth pile地基处理托换技术underpinning technique地基处理外掺剂additive地基处理旋喷jet grouting地基处理药液灌浆chemical grouting地基处理预浸水法presoaking地基处理预压法preloading地基处理真空预压vacuum preloading地基处理振冲法vibroflotation method地基处理振冲密实法vibro-compaction地基处理振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column地基处理振冲置换法vibro-replacement地基处理振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting地基处理置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio地基处理重锤夯实法tamping地基处理桩式托换pile underpinning地基处理桩土应力比stress ratio动力机器基础比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity动力机器基础等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test动力机器基础地基固有周期natural period of soil site动力机器基础动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method动力机器基础动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor动力机器基础隔振isolation动力机器基础基础振动foundation vibration动力机器基础基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration 动力机器基础基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration动力机器基础基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation动力机器基础集总参数法lumped parameter method动力机器基础吸收系数absorption coefficient动力机器基础质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system地基基础抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site地基基础抗震地震earthquake, seism, temblor地基基础抗震地震持续时间duration of earthquake地基基础抗震地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake地基基础抗震地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum地基基础抗震地震烈度earthquake intensity地基基础抗震地震震级earthquake magnitude地基基础抗震地震卓越周期seismic predominant period地基基础抗震地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake地基基础抗震动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor地基基础抗震对数递减率logrithmic decrement地基基础抗震刚性系数coefficient of rigidity地基基础抗震吸收系数absorption coefficient室内土工试验比重试验specific gravity test室内土工试验变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test室内土工试验不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test室内土工试验常规固结试验routine consolidation test室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test室内土工试验单剪仪simple shear apparatus室内土工试验单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test室内土工试验等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test室内土工试验等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test室内土工试验等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method室内土工试验反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test室内土工试验反压饱和法back pressure saturation method室内土工试验高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test室内土工试验各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test 室内土工试验各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test室内土工试验共振柱试验resonant column test室内土工试验固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test室内土工试验固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test室内土工试验固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test室内土工试验固结试验consolidation test室内土工试验含水量试验water content test室内土工试验环剪试验ring shear test室内土工试验黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test室内土工试验击实试验室内土工试验界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test室内土工试验卡萨格兰德法Casagrande s method室内土工试验颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test室内土工试验孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test室内土工试验快剪试验quick direct shear test室内土工试验快速固结试验fast consolidation test室内土工试验离心模型试验centrifugal model test室内土工试验连续加荷固结试验continual loading test室内土工试验慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test室内土工试验毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test室内土工试验密度试验density test室内土工试验扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus室内土工试验膨胀率试验swelling rate test室内土工试验平面应变仪plane strain apparatus室内土工试验三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test室内土工试验三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test室内土工试验砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test室内土工试验筛分析sieve analysis室内土工试验渗透试验permeability test室内土工试验湿化试验slaking test室内土工试验收缩试验shrinkage test室内土工试验塑限试验plastic limit test室内土工试验缩限试验shrinkage limit test室内土工试验土工模型试验geotechnical model test室内土工试验土工织物试验geotextile test室内土工试验无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compression strength test室内土工试验无粘性土天然坡角试验angle of repose of cohesionless soils test室内土工试验压密不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated undrained triaxial compression test 室内土工试验压密排水三轴压缩试验consolidated drained triaxial compressure test室内土工试验压密试验consolidation test室内土工试验液塑限联合测定法liquid-plastic limit combined method室内土工试验液限试验liquid limit test室内土工试验应变控制式三轴压缩仪strain control triaxial compression apparatus室内土工试验应力控制式三轴压缩仪stress control triaxial compression apparatus室内土工试验有机质含量试验organic matter content test室内土工试验真三轴仪true triaxial apparatus室内土工试验振动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test室内土工试验直剪仪direct shear apparatus室内土工试验直接剪切试验direct shear test室内土工试验直接单剪试验direct simple shear test室内土工试验自振柱试验free vibration column test室内土工试验K0固结不排水试验K0 consolidated undrained test室内土工试验K0固结排水试验K0 consolidated drained test原位测试标准贯入试验standard penetration test原位测试表面波试验surface wave test原位测试超声波试验ultrasonic wave test原位测试承载比试验Califonia Bearing Ratio Test原位测试单桩横向载荷试验lateral load test of pile原位测试单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile原位测试动力触探试验dynamic penetration test原位测试静力触探试验static cone penetration test原位测试静力载荷试验plate loading test原位测试跨孔试验cross-hole test原位测试块体共振试验block resonant test原位测试螺旋板载荷试验screw plate test原位测试旁压试验pressurementer test原位测试轻便触探试验light sounding test原位测试深层沉降观测deep settlement measurement原位测试十字板剪切试验vane shear test原位测试无损检测nondestructive testing原位测试下孔法试验down-hole test原位测试现场渗透试验field permeability test原位测试原位孔隙水压力量测in situ pore water pressure measurement 原位测试原位试验in-situ soil test原位测试最后贯入度final set综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering综合类反分析法back analysis method综合类基础工程foundation engineering综合类临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics综合类数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics综合类土soil, earth综合类土动力学soil dynamics综合类土力学soil mechanics综合类岩土工程geotechnical engineering综合类应力路径stress path综合类应力路径法stress path method工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock工程地质及勘察标准冻深standard frost penetration工程地质及勘察冰川沉积glacial deposit工程地质及勘察冰积层（台）glacial deposit工程地质及勘察残积土eluvial soil, residual soil工程地质及勘察层理beding工程地质及勘察长石feldspar工程地质及勘察沉积岩sedimentary rock工程地质及勘察承压水confined water工程地质及勘察次生矿物secondary mineral工程地质及勘察地质年代geological age工程地质及勘察地质图geological map工程地质及勘察地下水groundwater工程地质及勘察断层fault工程地质及勘察断裂构造fracture structure工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration工程地质及勘察海积层（台）marine deposit工程地质及勘察海相沉积marine deposit工程地质及勘察花岗岩granite工程地质及勘察滑坡landslide工程地质及勘察化石fossil工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock工程地质及勘察阶地terrace工程地质及勘察节理joint工程地质及勘察解理cleavage工程地质及勘察喀斯特karst工程地质及勘察矿物硬度hardness of minerals工程地质及勘察砾岩conglomerate工程地质及勘察流滑flow slide工程地质及勘察陆相沉积continental sedimentation工程地质及勘察泥石流mud flow, debris flow工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物clay minerals工程地质及勘察凝灰岩tuff工程地质及勘察牛轭湖ox-bow lake工程地质及勘察浅成岩hypabyssal rock工程地质及勘察潜水ground water工程地质及勘察侵入岩intrusive rock工程地质及勘察取土器geotome工程地质及勘察砂岩sandstone工程地质及勘察砂嘴spit, sand spit工程地质及勘察山岩压力rock pressure工程地质及勘察深成岩plutionic rock工程地质及勘察石灰岩limestone工程地质及勘察石英quartz工程地质及勘察松散堆积物rickle工程地质及勘察围限地下水（台）confined ground water 工程地质及勘察泻湖lagoon工程地质及勘察岩爆rock burst工程地质及勘察岩层产状attitude of rock工程地质及勘察岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock工程地质及勘察岩脉dike, dgke工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 工程地质及勘察岩石构造structure of rock工程地质及勘察岩石结构texture of rock工程地质及勘察岩体rock mass工程地质及勘察页岩shale工程地质及勘察原生矿物primary mineral工程地质及勘察云母mica工程地质及勘察造岩矿物rock-forming mineral工程地质及勘察褶皱fold, folding工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section 土的分类饱和土saturated soil土的分类超固结土overconsolidated soil土的分类冲填土dredger fill土的分类充重塑土土的分类冻土frozen soil, tjaele土的分类非饱和土unsaturated soil土的分类分散性土dispersive soil土的分类粉土silt, mo土的分类粉质粘土silty clay土的分类高岭石kaolinite土的分类过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil土的分类红粘土red clay, adamic earth土的分类黄土loess, huangtu(China)土的分类蒙脱石montmorillonite土的分类泥炭peat, bog muck土的分类年粘土clay土的分类年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil土的分类膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil土的分类欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil土的分类区域性土zonal soil土的分类人工填土fill, artificial soil土的分类软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle土的分类砂土sand土的分类湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess土的分类素填土plain fill土的分类塑性图plasticity chart土的分类碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus 土的分类未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay土的分类无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil土的分类岩石rock土的分类伊利土illite土的分类有机质土organic soil土的分类淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush土的分类淤泥质土mucky soil土的分类原状土undisturbed soil土的分类杂填土miscellaneous fill土的分类正常固结土normally consolidated soil土的分类正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil土的分类自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation土的物理性质饱和密度saturated density土的物理性质饱和重度saturated unit weight土的物理性质比重specific gravity土的物理性质稠度consistency土的物理性质不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient土的物理性质触变thixotropy土的物理性质单粒结构single-grained structure土的物理性质蜂窝结构honeycomb structure土的物理性质干重度dry unit weight土的物理性质干密度dry density土的物理性质塑性指数plasticity index土的物理性质含水量water content, moisture content土的物理性质活性指数土的物理性质级配gradation, grading土的物理性质结合水bound water, combined water, held water土的物理性质界限含水量Atterberg limits土的物理性质颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil土的物理性质可塑性plasticity土的物理性质孔隙比void ratio土的物理性质孔隙率porosity土的物理性质粒度granularity, grainness, grainage土的物理性质粒组fraction, size fraction土的物理性质毛细管水capillary water土的物理性质密度density土的物理性质密实度compactionness土的物理性质年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil土的物理性质平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter土的物理性质曲率系数coefficient of curvature土的物理性质三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram土的物理性质三相土tri-phase soil土的物理性质湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure土的物理性质湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility土的物理性质缩限shrinkage limit土的物理性质土的构造soil texture土的物理性质土的结构soil structure土的物理性质土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles土的物理性质土中气air in soil土的物理性质土中水water in soil土的物理性质团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith土的物理性质限定粒径constrained diameter土的物理性质相对密度relative density, density index土的物理性质相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction土的物理性质絮状结构flocculent structure土的物理性质压密系数coefficient of consolidation土的物理性质压缩性compressibility土的物理性质液限liquid limit土的物理性质液性指数liquidity index土的物理性质游离水（台）free water土的物理性质有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size土的物理性质有效密度effective density土的物理性质有效重度effective unit weight土的物理性质重力密度unit weight土的物理性质自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water土的物理性质组构fabric土的物理性质最大干密度maximum dry density土的物理性质最优含水量optimum water content渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law渗透性和渗流管涌piping渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line渗透性和渗流临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient渗透性和渗流流函数flow function渗透性和渗流流土flowing soil渗透性和渗流流网flow net渗透性和渗流砂沸sand boiling渗透性和渗流渗流seepage渗透性和渗流渗流量seepage discharge渗透性和渗流渗流速度seepage velocity渗透性和渗流渗透力seepage force渗透性和渗流渗透破坏seepage failure渗透性和渗流渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性和渗流渗透性permeability渗透性和渗流势函数potential function渗透性和渗流水力梯度hydraulic gradient地基应力和变形变形deformation地基应力和变形变形模量modulus of deformation地基应力和变形泊松比Poisson s ratio地基应力和变形布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution地基应力和变形残余变形residual deformation地基应力和变形残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure地基应力和变形超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure地基应力和变形沉降settlement地基应力和变形沉降比settlement ratio地基应力和变形次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement地基应力和变形次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation地基应力和变形地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation 地基应力和变形分层总和法layerwise summation method地基应力和变形负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure地基应力和变形附加应力superimposed stress地基应力和变形割线模量secant modulus地基应力和变形固结沉降consolidation settlement地基应力和变形规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification地基应力和变形回弹变形rebound deformation地基应力和变形回弹模量modulus of resilience地基应力和变形回弹系数coefficient of resilience地基应力和变形回弹指数swelling index地基应力和变形建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building地基应力和变形剪胀dilatation地基应力和变形角点法corner-points method地基应力和变形孔隙气压力pore air pressure地基应力和变形孔隙水压力pore water pressure地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B地基应力和变形明德林解Mindlin s solution地基应力和变形纽马克感应图Newmark chart地基应力和变形切线模量tangent modulus地基应力和变形蠕变creep地基应力和变形三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement 地基应力和变形瞬时沉降immediate settlement地基应力和变形塑性变形plastic deformation地基应力和变形谈弹性变形elastic deformation地基应力和变形谈弹性模量elastic modulus地基应力和变形谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium地基应力和变形体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus地基应力和变形先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure地基应力和变形压缩层地基应力和变形压缩模量modulus of compressibility地基应力和变形压缩系数coefficient of compressibility地基应力和变形压缩性compressibility地基应力和变形压缩指数compression index地基应力和变形有效应力effective stress地基应力和变形自重应力self-weight stress地基应力和变形总应力total stress approach of shear strength地基应力和变形最终沉降final settlement固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory固结比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio固结超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure固结次固结secondary consolidation固结次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin固结单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation固结多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation固结固结consolidation固结固结度degree of consolidation固结固结理论theory of consolidation固结固结曲线consolidation curve固结固结速率rate of consolidation固结固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结固结压力consolidation pressure固结回弹曲线rebound curve固结井径比drain spacing ratio固结井阻well resistance固结曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect固结潜变（台）creep固结砂井sand drain固结砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 固结时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method固结时间因子time factor固结太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory固结太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation固结先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure固结压密（台）consolidation固结压密度（台）degree of consolidation固结压缩曲线cpmpression curve固结一维固结one dimensional consolidation固结有效应力原理principle of effective stress固结预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure固结原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve固结再压缩曲线recompression curve固结主固结primary consolidation固结主压密（台）primary consolidation固结准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure固结K0固结consolidation under K0 condition抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength抗剪强度残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction抗剪强度残余强度residual strength抗剪强度长期强度long-term strength抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test抗剪强度动强度dynamic strength of soils抗剪强度峰值强度peak strength抗剪强度伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter抗剪强度剪切应变速率shear strain rate抗剪强度抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter抗剪强度抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度库仑方程Coulomb s equation抗剪强度摩尔包线Mohr s envelope抗剪强度摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory抗剪强度内摩擦角angle of internal friction抗剪强度年粘聚力cohesion抗剪强度破裂角angle of rupture抗剪强度破坏准则failure criterion抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度vane strength抗剪强度无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength抗剪强度有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction抗剪强度有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept抗剪强度有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope抗剪强度有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter抗剪强度有效应力原理principle of effective stress抗剪强度真内摩擦角true angle internal friction抗剪强度真粘聚力true cohesion抗剪强度总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope抗剪强度总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter本构模型本构模型constitutive model本构模型边界面模型boundary surface model本构模型层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model本构模型超弹性模型hyperelastic model本构模型德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion本构模型邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model本构模型动剪切强度本构模型非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model本构模型盖帽模型cap model本构模型刚塑性模型rigid plastic model本构模型割线模量secant modulus本构模型广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion本构模型广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion本构模型加工软化work softening本构模型加工硬化work hardening本构模型加工硬化定律strain harding law本构模型剑桥模型Cambridge model本构模型柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model本构模型拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model本构模型拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion本构模型理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model本构模型临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model本构模型流变学模型rheological model本构模型流动规则flow rule本构模型摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion本构模型内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model本构模型内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory本构模型年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model本构模型切线模量tangent modulus本构模型清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model本构模型屈服面yield surface本构模型沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method 本构模型双参数地基模型本构模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion本构模型双曲线模型hyperbolic model本构模型松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion本构模型塑性形变理论本构模型谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix本构模型谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus本构模型谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory本构模型谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model本构模型谈弹性变形elastic deformation本构模型谈弹性模量elastic modulus本构模型谈弹性模型elastic model本构模型魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model本构模型文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model本构模型修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model本构模型准弹性模型hypoelastic model地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure地基承载力次层（台）substratum地基承载力地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承载力地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil地基承载力地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基承载力地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基承载力地基稳定性stability of foundation soil地基承载力汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula地基承载力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium地基承载力加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio地基承载力局部剪切破坏local shear failure地基承载力临塑荷载critical edge pressure地基承载力梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula 地基承载力普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory地基承载力斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula 地基承载力太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory地基承载力魏锡克极限承载力公式Vesic s ultimate bearing capacity formula地基承载力整体剪切破坏general shear failure土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure土压力被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure土压力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium土压力静止土压力earth pressue at rest土压力静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest土压力库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory土压力库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction土压力朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory土压力朗肯状态Rankine state土压力谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium土压力土压力earth pressure土压力主动土压力active earth pressure土压力主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure。
土木工程专业英语词汇
1. 4 parts of gravel四份砾石2. a 28-day curing period28天养护期3. a batch of concrete 一个批量混凝土4. a high-cost material成本要高很多5. a minimum amount of reinforcement最少数量的钢筋6. a moderate amount of concrete cover厚度适当的混凝土保护层7. a moderate amount of cracking 适度开裂8. a plastic mass 可塑性物质9. a sack of cement一袋水泥10.abutment桥台11.acceptable value要求的范围内12.accidental action 偶然作用13.act jointly 共同工作14.action作用15.Additional features 其它特性16.additional stresses 附加应力17.after it has been placed使混凝土灌注之后18.air jack compressor气压千斤顶压缩机19.allowable value of crack width裂缝宽度容许值20.an excessive amount of water 过量的水21.an excessive number of voids过多的孔隙22.anisotropic 各向异性的23.appearance外观24.appraisal预测25.approach引道26.apron裙板27.Arch Bridge 拱桥28.Arch bridge拱桥29.are counteracted to a desired degree抵消到所要求的水平30.are located close to the tension face配置在靠近受拉面处31.As a general rule按常规32.as the concrete sets随着混凝土的硬化33.at high temperatures在高温时34.At one time the instructions for preparinga batch of concrete 有一个时期备混凝土配料的规定35.Axial force轴力36.axisymmetric 轴对称的37.bare steel bars 裸露的钢筋38.Base plate底盘39.bearing支座40.bend steels弯起筋41.Bending moment弯矩42.bending rigidity弯曲刚度43.Between and 两者之间44.bolt 闩住45.Bow string girder弓弦梁46.brake force汽车制动力47.bridge abutment桥台48.buoyancy of water水浮力49.by volume 按体积50.Cable-stayed Bridge 斜拉桥51.can be minimized or even avoidedentirely减至最小甚至完全消除52.Cantilever beam悬臂梁53.cantilever悬臂54.Cast-in-place现浇55.catenary length悬链线长56.catenary悬链线57.centrifugal force 离心力58.characteristic value of an action 作用标准值59.clearance净空60.cm centimeter 厘米61.coarse aggregate粗骨料pression members受压构件pression压力pressive strength抗压强度pressive strength抗压强度66.confidence level /reliability 可靠度67.consequent weight savings重量减轻68.consolidometer 固结仪69.constitutive model本构模型70.construction documents design施工图设计71.Continuous beam 连续梁72.corresponding maintenance costsminimizing腐蚀问题及相关的维护费用降至最低73.corrosion resistance 抗腐蚀性74.crack 开裂75.cracking and deflection 开裂和挠度76.cracking and other undesirable effects 开裂和其它不利影响77.crack裂缝78.creep徐变79.cross-sectional dimensions 截面尺寸80.crystallizes结晶81.cumulative 累积的82.curvature曲率83.curvature曲率84.cushion cap 承台85.cycle track自行车道86.Data logger数据记录器87.dead load 恒荷载88.dead load/ dead weight自重89.deck桥面90.decreases sizably 大幅度下降91.Deflection and crack control对裂缝和挠度的控制92.deflection挠度93.Degree of reliability 可靠度94.design limit load设计极限荷载95.design reference period 设计基准期96.design value of a load荷载设计值97.design value of an action作用设计值98.design value 设计值99.design value设计值100.deterioration劣化101.deviator 偏差，偏量102.diagonal tension斜向受拉103.diameter 直径104.disposed配有105.dissipation 消散106.disturbed 被扰动的107.dm decimeter 分米108.Drainage boundary透水边界109.ductility延性110.durability耐久性111.during freezing weather 在冰冻天气里112.dynamic 动力的113.efficient use of high strength steel 有效地利用高强钢筋114.elastic modulus弹性模量115.elasticity弹性116.elevation 高程117.empirical 经验的118.equivalent load等效荷载119.equivalent 等价的120.Erect架设121.evaporate from the concrete 从混凝土中挥发出去122.even fail 甚至破坏123.Even if no such necessity exists即使不存在这种必要性124.exceed超过125.excellent corrosion protection优良的防腐蚀保护层126.extends扩展127.external 外部的128.extremely important 极为重要的129.Fabricated simply-supported beam bridge装配式简支梁桥130.far beyond 远远超过131.filled with moisture充满水分132.final design strength 最终强度133.fine aggregate细骨料134.finite element analysis有限元分析135.finite element method有限元法136.fire resistance 抗火性能137.fit 安装138.flange 凸缘139.Flexible cables柔性主缆140.flexural rigidity of section截面弯曲刚度141.Flexural rigidity抗弯刚度142.flexural stiffness of members构件的弯曲刚度143.for a quarter of a century and longer二十几年甚至更长的时间里144.For most effective reinforcing action使配筋最有效地发挥作用145.forestall different thermal deformations 避免热变形差值146.foundation 基础147.Frequent value of an action作用频遇值148.friction coefficient 摩擦系数149.frost damage冰冻破坏150.functionally or visually unacceptable不符合功能要求和视觉要求151.further aggravated 进一步增大152.generation and dissipation 生成与消散153.girder section主梁截面154.girder主梁155.Gorge峡谷156.gradually通过逐渐157.gravity standard value重力标准值158.handrail护栏159.hardened concrete硬化混凝土160.harden硬化161.heating, electrical ducts, plumbing risers 供热、供电和排水立管162.High Reliability高可靠度163.high strength material高强度材料164.high thermal conductivity 热传导系数高165.high-rise pile cap高桩承台166.hydrate水化167.ignore entirely 完全忽视了168.in any particular mix 任何一种特定的配比169.in conjunction with 并结合170.in conjunction with 以及171.In practice在实践中172.In theory从理论上说173.inclined tension stresses斜向拉应力174.increment 增量175.innovative new structural forms新型的结构形式176.innumerable voids无数孔隙177.Internal 内部的178.is first mixed 最初被搅拌时179.is further limited 进一步限制180.is proportional to 成正比181.is undesirable excessive cracking 不希望发生过宽的裂缝182.it may be visually offensive并在感观上使人难以接受183.K-consolidation isotropic 各向同性的rgely overcome 大大克服teral direction 侧向186.leak badly严重渗漏187.limited to the outer layer of concrete混凝土的外层188.Linear variable differential transformer（LVDT）线性可变差动变压器（位移传感器）189.load on foundations基础上的荷载190.longitudinal reinforcement纵筋191.longitudinal纵向192.low pile cap低桩承台193.lower-floor columns 下部楼层柱194.magnitude and distribution大小和分布195.maintenance维修养护196.make use of 利用197.masonry砌体198.maximum amount 最大量199.mechanics of materials材料力学200.minimum steel ratio最小配筋率201.minute, interlocked crystals微小晶体交错的固体材料202.mm millimeter 毫米203.Modern structural engineering 现代结构工程204.moment of inertia惯性矩205.Monitor 监控206.mount安装在…上207.much longer spans than previouslythought possible跨度远远超出了原先的想象208.multiplied by the number of stories逐层累积209.Multi-span continuous beam bridge多跨连续梁桥210.multistory buildings多层建筑211.multistory buildings多层建筑212.nonlinearity非线性213.normally consolidated正常固结214.optimal structure design结构优化设计215.optimization最优化216.ordinary loads and spans常规跨度和荷载217.ordinary reinforcing steels 普通钢筋218.orthotropic正交的219.orthotropic正交异性的220.Oscillation振动221.over 30℃比方说在30℃以上222.overall improvement 整体上改善223.overconsolidated超固结224.Partially drained部分排水225.particularly important 尤为重要226.partition隔断227.Passage通道228.pedestrian load人群荷载229.pedestrians行人230.permanent action 永久作用231.Pier桥墩232.pile cap桩承台233.Pipeline管线234.piston活塞235.plane cross-section assumption平截面假定236.plastic hinge塑性铰237.plasticity塑性238.Plate Mechanics板壳力学239.Pore pressure transducer孔压传感器240.porous stone 透水石241.portal frame门架刚架桥242.Portland ceme硅酸盐水泥243.Post-cyclic循环后244.precast预制245.predesign preliminary design初步设计246.premature failure 过早破坏247.Pressure chamber压力室248.prestressed concrete structures 预应力混凝土结构249.Prestressed concrete预应力混凝土250.prestressing steel预应力钢筋251.principal determinant 主要决定因素252.principal tensile stress主拉应力253.prior to casting of the concrete在浇筑混凝土之前254.prolonged fire exposure长期暴露在火焰下255.quasi-permanent value of an action作用准永久值256.radial 径向的257.radius 半径258.range of application 应用范围259.reduces or eliminates 降低或消除260.reduction减少261.refined analysis精确的分析262.Reinforced concrete structure 钢筋混凝土结构263.reinforcement ratio配筋率264.relative movements 相对滑移265.reliability可靠度266.representative value of an action作用代表值267.resisting external loads承受外部荷载268.resist抵抗269.retaining wall挡墙270.Rigid Frame Bridge271.Rigid frame bridge刚构桥272.rigid gel硬质凝胶273.roller转轴274.safeguard以保证275.safety factor安全系数276.satisfactory joint performance很好地共同工作277.service loads使用荷载278.serviceability limit state正常使用极限状态279.sets into a rigid mass凝结成硬块280.shear force in the beam梁内剪力281.Shear force剪力282.shrinkage收缩283.shrinkage收缩284.Shuttering模板285.side span /middle span边、中跨径286.Significant savings 显著的节省效果287.Simply-supported beam简支梁288.Slab bridge板桥289.sleeve 套管290.slender members 细长构件291.small accidental bending moments偶然出现的小弯矩292.smear 涂抹293.some porosity 若干孔隙294.special precautions 专门的预防措施295.stainless steel 不锈钢296.standard value标准值297.static 静力的298.steel and concrete deform together钢筋和混凝土的变形要一致299.Stiffening trusses加劲桁架300.stiffness ratio刚度比301.stirrup steels 箍筋302.strain control method应变控制法303.strands, wires, or bars钢绞线、钢丝或钢筋304.stress concentration应力集中305.stress control method应力控制法306.Stress-strain relationship应力-应变关系307.structural mechanics结构力学308.subsoil地基309.sufficient thermal insulation 充分的温度绝缘310.sufficient water 足够的水311.sufficiently close 相当接近312.sufficiently strong bond 足够强的粘结力313.superimposed load附加荷载314.support支座315.surface moisture表面含水量316.Suspension Bridge 悬索桥317.Suspension bridge悬索桥318.T-beam T梁319.technical design技术设计320.tensile strength抗拉强度321.Tensile strength抗拉强度322.tension拉力323.That is即324.The cement paste 水泥浆325.the concrete is to be poured混凝土浇注326.the embedded reinforcement埋置在其内的钢筋327.the loads on the structure结构上作用的荷载328.The maximum size 最大尺寸329.The outside air temperature 室外气温330.the proportion of water 水的比例331.The ratio of water to cement 水与水泥的比332.the surrounding molecules of water周围的水分子333.the width of the forms模板的宽度334.theoretical 理论的335.there are limitations to this development这种发展受到了限制336.thermal expansion coefficients 热膨胀系数337.three-dimensional三维的338.tie beam系梁339.tied-arch bridge系杆拱桥340.too stiff to be worked硬得无法施工341.total design load总设计荷载中342.tower塔343.trigger导致344.truck loading汽车荷载345.Truss桁架346.typical pattern 典型模式347.ultimate limit states承载能力极限状态348.ultimate load design 极限荷载设计349.ultimate load极限荷载350.under exceptional conditions 在特殊情况下351.under the combined effects of serviceload and prestressing force在使用荷载和预应力的联合作用下352.undesirable characteristics of ordinaryreinforced concrete 普通钢筋混凝土的这些不足353.undesirable tensile stresses不利的拉应力354.undisturbed 未被扰动的355.uniform beam 等截面梁356.Uniform 相同的357.unprotected steel 无防护层钢筋358.unreinforced member不加钢筋的混凝土构件359.Unreliability不可靠度eful strength可以利用的强度361.variable action 可变作用362.versus 与…相对363.viaduct pier高架桥桥墩364.wallop冲击力365.well井366.width and number of cracks裂缝宽度和数量367.wing wall翼墙368.with its strength in tension a low andunreliable value其抗拉强度低且不稳定369.with little effort不太费力地370.with the passing of time 随着时间的推移371.workable mixture和易性好的配料372.yield strength屈服强度373.yield surface本构模型屈服面摘要：实验室研究旨在探讨软压实粘性土受到重复加载的反应。
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土木工程专业词汇篇1, waterfront ['wɔ:təfrʌnt, 'wɔ-]n. 滩，海滨；水边，滨水区 adj. 滨水区的2, derive [di'raiv]vt.1.获得(…from)Mr. Ying is one of those happy people who derive pleasure from helping others.2.衍生,[数]导出3. 源出于，由…而来Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek words.vi. 起源于，导出，派生（from）3, transmission [trænz'miʃən, træns- ] （v: trassmit）n. 1.传动装置，[机]变速器；2.对应trassmit 的意思4, transmit [trænz'mit, træns-]vt. 1.传播；发射The TV station will transmit this football match live.2.传播(疾病)；遗传mosquitoes that transmit disease to humans.3. 传导；传递；传输These thin crystals（晶体）transmit much of the power.vi. 传输；发射信号5, specify ['spesəfai, -si-]vt.1. 指定,明确要求；The fund was specified to maintain the ancient buildings.2.详细说明；把…列入说明书The details were specified on Page 35.6, specification [,spesifi'keiʃən] （specifical≈specific）n. 规格；说明书；【建】规范7, specialty ['speʃəlti] (speciality) (specialize,specialist,special) n. 1.专业，专长 2.特产；特级品；招牌菜8, geotechnics [dʒi:əu'tekniks]n. [建] 土工技术；地质技术学Geo-是常见前缀，表示地球、土地、地理等含义。
如：geophysics（地球物理学）、geopark（地质公园）、geography（地理学）。
9, utility [ju:'tiləti]n. 实用；公共设施；效用；功用adj. 实用的；有多种用途的10, predominate [pri'dɔmineit] （同dominate,主要用作Vt）（dominant,dominance）vi.1. 占主导（或支配）地位 2.(数量上)占优势 (主要用作Vi)He wants to create a society where Islamic principles predominate.In older age groups women predominate because men tend to die younger.vt. 支配，主宰；在…中占优势81, predominant [,pri'dɔminənt] ( v.predominate )adj. 起支配的(也就是主要的)；卓越的；有影响的11, preliminary [pri'liminəri]n. 准备；预赛；初步措施adj. 初步的；开始的；预备的12, liminary ['liminəri] adj. 开头的，卷头的13, locate [ləu'keit, 'ləu]vt. 1.把…建在，使…坐落在The school is located next to the church.2. 定位；确定…的位置to locate a ship position on a chartvi.定居[美国口语]14, asphalt ['æsfælt] n. 沥青；柏油 vt. 以沥青铺 adj. 用柏油铺成的15, debtor ['detə] n. 债务人；[会计] 借方16, sewer ['sjuə, 'su:ə]n. 下水道；阴沟；裁缝师vt. 为…铺设污水管道；用下水道排除…的污水 vi. 清洗污水管17, sewage ['sju:idʒ] （=sewerage）n. 污水；下水道排放的污物19, placement ['pleismənt]n. 1.(人的）配置，(物的)安放 2.实习职位 3.堆放，填筑20, displacement 【物理学】位移离乡背井，替代，移开，免职.23, permit [pə'mit] （区别allow）n.许可证，执照 (license)vi. vt.…The nurse allowed him to remain there，though it was not permitted.其区别是permit 通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，其语气较重；而 allow 通常指消极地不加反对，有时含有听任或默许之意，语气较轻。
24, supervisory ['sju:pə,vaizəri] adj. 监督的 (v.supervise)25, survey [sə:'vei, 'sə:vei, sə-]n. 1.调查 2.测量 3.审视；纵览vt. 1.调查 2.勘测 3.审阅，俯瞰，眺望 vi.测量,勘测，测绘27, contract ['kɔntrækt, kən'trækt]vt. 1.使缩短，使收缩 A hedgehog often contracts its body into a ball.2.订约，订婚约We contracted with a local clothing firm for 400 shirts a month.3.感染(疾病) She has contracted a severe fever.vi. 收缩；感染；订约 n. 合同；婚约如扩展与收缩：expand or contract （contraction and expansion）28, network ['netwə:k] n. 网络；广播网；网状物29, groundwater ['graund,wɔ:tə] n. 地下水32, canal [kə'næl]n.运河；[地理] 水道；[建] 管道；灌溉水渠 vt. 在…开凿运河33, navigate ['næviɡeit]vt.1.为（车船飞机）…导航When someone in a car navigates, they decide what roads the car2.驾驶，操纵，航行should be drivenvi. 航行，驾驶（船、飞机）34, impound [im'paund]vt. 1. 将…关在圈中,把…围起, 2.拘留,扣留；3.蓄 (水等) to build a dam to impound water35, impoundment [im'paundmənt] n. 蓄水(量)；扣留,围住36, evaluate [i'væljueit]vt.( vi.)评价；估价；【数】求…的值to evaluate property37, abstract ['æbstrækt, æb'strækt]n. 摘要；抽象；抽象的概念 adj. 抽象的；深奥的 vi. 做摘要；抽象化vt. 1.做…的摘要，摘录；2.提取，提炼；抽取；使分离(from) to abstract juice from an orange3.使…抽象化，把…抽象出来(from)38, cyclic ['saiklik] (cyclical,cycle,cyclicity)adj. 环状的；循环的；周期的41, computation [,kɔmpju'teiʃən] putational pute →computer n.计算，估计42, sophisticated [sə'fistikeitid]adj. 1.复杂的,高级的 2.久经世故的；富有经验的40, hinge [hindʒ] n.铰链，合叶（vt. / vi.）43, plastic hinge [力] 塑性铰44, single beam 简支粱，单跨梁；单波束45, explicit [ik'splisit]adj. 1.明确的；清楚的 2.直率的，直言的，不含糊的What do you mean? Could you be more explicit?Sexually explicit scenes in movies and books were taboo under the old regime.46, [短] subjected to 遭受；承受；使某人经历某事47, [短] in the context of 在…情况下；在…背景下48, [短] in contrast to 与……形成对照50, [短]with respect to 对于；至于，就…而言51, [短] fall within 属于；在…范围内If the answer to your difficulty falls within my experience,I'll give you all the help I can.53, [短]in light of 根据；鉴于；从…观点In light of the recent surge in asset prices worldwide, this issue needs urgent attention.49, robust [rəu'bʌst, 'rəubʌst]adj. 1.强健的；强壮的，精力充沛的 2.粗野的；粗鲁的 3.坚定的52, multilevel [,mʌlti'levəl] adj. 多级的；多层次的54, postulate ['pɔstjuleit, -tʃə-]vt. 1.【数】假定，假设 2.以…为出发点（the basis for），要求，需求n. 基本条件，基本原理，假定55, demonstrate ['demənstreit]vt. 1.证明，论证 2.展示，展现（才能，情感）She demonstrated her anger by slamming a door.vi. 游行示威The miners demonstrated for better working conditions56, literature ['litərətʃə] (literary文学的， literate学者) n. 文学；文献；著作57, ductility [dʌk'tiləti] n. 延展性；延性；柔软性；顺从（adj. ductile）58, [短] allow for 考虑到，虑及59, [短]as a consequence of 因此；由于…的结果Thousands of people lost their lives as a consequence of the Wenchuan earthquakeHe was late as a result of the snow.61, [短] followed by 然后，随后 A followed by B 与 A followed B 64, [短]corresponding to 与…相一致70, [短]consistent with 符合；与…一致65, [短] as a function of 根据（in the light of ）60, two-dimensional [,tu:di'menʃənəl, -dai-] adj. 二维的；缺乏深度的99, reinforcement [,ri:in'fɔ:smənt]n. 1.加固；加强 2.增援；援军；10, reinforce [,ri:in'fɔ:s]vt. 1.加固；加强 2.增援；援军； vi. …This old bridge should be reinforced immediately. / The regular troops need to be reinforced. 13, reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土62, reinforcement ratio 配筋率69, longitudinal reinforcement 纵向钢筋[,lɔndʒi'tju:dinəl] 纵向的72, steel reinforcement 钢筋，钢条15, reinforcement bar 钢筋条，钢筋63, Young’s modulus 杨氏弹性模量64，modulus ['mɔdjuləs; -dʒu-] 【物理学】模量，系数【数学】(对数的)模66, algorithm ['æl gəriðəm]n. [计][数] 算法，运算法则67, tangent ['tændʒənt]n. [数] 切线，[数] 正切adj. 切线的，相切的；离题的68, crosssection n. 交差截面，横截面71, axial strain [力] 轴向应变73, moment redistribution [力] 力矩再分配77, iteration [,itə'reiʃən]n. [数] 迭代；反复；重复 (adj. iterative v.iterate )The algorithm keeps the simplicity of the iteration formula.75, equilibrium [,i:kwi'libriəm] n.平衡（状态） (v. equilibrate )76, velocity [vi'lɔsəti] n. [力] 速率；速度；迅速78, planar ['pleinə, -hɑ:] adj. [数学]平面的；二维的79, slab [slæb]n. 厚板，平板；混凝土路面；厚片80, transversal [trænz'və:səl] （等于transverse）adj.横向的；横断的；横断线的n. 横向；截线或贯线82, rightmost ['raitməust] adj. 最右边的；最右面的83, horizontal load [建] 水平载荷；水平负载84, upper bound [数] 上界；最大值86, resultant force n. [力] 合力87.resultant [ri'zʌltənt]n. 合力；结果；[化学] 生成物（特别注意到其动词是result）adj. 结果的；合成的87, balustrade [,bæləs'treid] n.栏杆，低矮女儿墙88, baluster ['bæləstə] n.栏杆；栏杆的支柱85,[短] in practical terms (in fact) 实际上；在实践中89, edifice ['edifis] n. 大厦；大建筑物90, duct [dʌkt] (pipe)n. 输送管，导管(强调有输送功能的) vt. 用导管输送93, lintel ['lintəl] n. [建] 过梁（等于linto）94, framework ['freimwə:k] n. 框架，骨架；结构，构架95, conduit ['kɔndit]n. [电] 导管；导线管, 沟渠；导水管a passage (a pipe or tunnel) through which water or electric wires can pass96, ventilate ['ventileit]vt. 使通风；给…装通风设备；【医学】给…人工呼吸Open the window and ventilate the room / Ventilate the room properly when stripping paint.97, partition [pɑ:'tiʃən]n. 划分，分开；[数] 分割；隔墙；隔离物vt. [数] 分割；分隔；区分98, sway [swei]vt. 1.影响,使改变看法 2.摇动 vi. 影响；摇摆，倾斜 n.……（影响→使改变看法→即摇动，动摇）The mother was gently swaying her baby The earthquake caused the wall to sway to the left.99, rebar [ri'ba:] n. [材] 钢筋；螺纹钢（筋）100, bearing wall [建] 承重墙；轴承壁；受力墙（=carrying wall）101, shear wall [建]剪力墙；抗震墙，耐震壁；风力墙102, spandrel [/'spændrəl/] n. 拱肩103, spandrel beam 外墙托梁 spandrel wall 窗肚墙，供肩墙108, high-rise ['hai'raiz]adj. 高楼的；超高层的 n. 高楼；大厦109, high-rise building [建] 高层建筑物ultrahigh-rise building [建] 超高层建筑物110, facade[fə'sɑ:d] n.1. (房屋)正面，临街正面，立面，门面2. 表面，外观；[常作比喻](掩饰低劣东西的)门面111, tensile stress n. 张应力,拉应力112, compressive stress [力] 压力，抗压应力113, tensile strain 拉伸应变；抗拉应变114, compressive strain 压缩应变；压缩变形115, tensile ['tensail, -səl] adj. [力] 拉力的；可伸长的；可拉长的tensile force n. 张力tensile strength 抗张强度116, post [pəust] n. 岗位；邮件；标杆vt. 张贴；公布；邮递；布置vi. 快速行进117, truss [trʌs] n. 束；构架；捆vt. 捆绑；用构架支撑•Frame-bracing structure is a kind of dual-system, among which the bracing system may be shear wall, reinforced concrete core, vertical truss, etc（支撑体系可以是剪力墙、筒体或支撑桁架体系。