Chapter1-3
【专业英语】chapter1-3单词小测
-al -ar (有关于；…的) vascular 血管的-ic toxicphysic physicsphysician physiologyphysical biophysical physiotherapy cardiogram (record)chromatin (substance)chromatoplasm ( jelly substance in the cell)neoplasm crinogenic (gen/o+-ic→production) -cyte cyt/o leukocyteerythocyte erythocytometererythogenesis (起源，发生) embryoma （tumor）epithelial (thelial nipple) epidermic (skin) exhale (out) expelpathogen histotherapyimmunodeficiency-ine/-in adrenalineanabolism (up) catabolism (down) anatomy (apart) osteotomy (bone) psychosis (abnormal condition)vasculolmphaticskeletal system cartilagebone marrow skullspinal cord spinal columnelbow socketstriated muscles spleensaliva larynxtrachea anus esophagus duodenum pancreas colonstarch viablegall bladder bladderresidue sodium potassium ureter urethrapituitary cortisone glucagon testosterone estrogen progesterone ovary ovum sperm pubic hair tactileSuccunb to rheumaticepidemic disease endemic diseasemalfunction malnutritionerratic hereditaryward off fend offpneumonia bronchivenereal disease colitissusceptible vulnerableboil pimple pus abscess engulf phagocytecilia villus flagellummetal retardationChapter 1-al -ar (有关于；…的) vascular 血管的-ic …的toxic 有毒的physiotherapy 物理治疗physic 医学physics 物理学physician 内科医生surgen 外科医生physiology 生理学physical 身体的;物质的biophysical 生物物理学的cardiogram 心动图(record) chromatin 染色质(substance) chromatoplasm 染色浆( jelly substance in the cell；浆)neoplasm 新生物；肿瘤crinogenic 促分泌(gen/o+-ic→production) -cyte cyt/o leukocyte 白细胞erythocyte 红细胞erythocytometer 红细胞计数仪erythogenesis 红细胞发生(起源，发生)embryoma 胚胎瘤（tumor）epithelial 上皮的(thelial nipple) epidermic 表皮的(skin) exhale 呼出(out) expel 排出；驱逐pathogen 病原体histotherapy 组织治疗immunodeficiency 免疫缺陷(Acquired immuondeficiency syndrome)-ine/-in adrenaline 肾上腺anabolism合成代谢(up) catabolism 分解代谢(down)anatomy 解剖学(apart) osteotomy 骨切开术(bone) psychosis 神经病(abnormal condition)vasculolmphatic 血管淋巴管的Chapter 2skeletal system 骨骼系统cartilage 软骨bone marrow 骨髓skull 颅骨spinal cord 脊髓spinal column 脊柱elbow 肘部socket 槽臼striated muscles 平滑肌spleen 脾saliva 唾液rib 肋骨larynx 喉管trachea 气管anus 肛门esophagus 食管duodenum 十二指肠pancreas 胰腺colon 结肠starch 淀粉viable 能存活的gall bladder 胆囊bladder 膀胱residue 残余物sodium 钾potassium 钠ureter 输尿管urethra 尿道pituitary 垂体cortisone 可的松glucagon 胰岛素testosterone 睾酮estrogen 雌激素progesterone 孕激素ovary 卵巢ovum 卵子sperm 精子pubic hair 阴毛tactile 触觉的Chapter 3epidemic disease 流行病endemic disease 地方病malfunction 功能失调malnutrition 营养失调Succunb to 屈服于rheumatic 风湿的erratic 异常的hereditary 遗传的ward off ；fend off 防止pneumonia 肺炎bronchi 支气管venereal disease 花柳病colitis 结肠炎susceptible 易受到...... vulnerable 易受侵害的boil 疖子pimple 小脓疱pus 脓abscess 脓肿engulf 吞噬phagocyte 巨噬细胞metal retardation 智力发育迟缓cilia 纤毛villus 绒毛flagellum 鞭毛。
Exercise 1 chapter1-chapter3
A. in; on B. on; in C. of; on D. on; of
6. We are sure that ____ your prompt attention. A. meet B. will meet with C. will meet D. met
7. 8 It will be in the best _______ of both parties to set up business relations.
5. We now avail ourselves of this opportunity to write to you with a view to enter into business relations with your firm.
Multiple Choices
1. Read the following sentence and point out which writing principle it breaks: I demand that you send me a copy of agreement.
A. of B. in C. with D. regarding
5. We have seen your advertisement ____ “Flying Horse” brand scissors ____ the October issue of International Trade.
11.specialize in 12. upon receipt of 13. be in the market for 14. L/C at sight 15. with a view to 16. a promising market 17. mail transfer 18. the Chamber of Commerce 19. on the basis of equality, mutual benefit
香港朗文英语3A测试卷1-3单元
香港朗文英语3A测试卷1-3单元Chapter 1-3 Test for Grade 3 Longman English (3A) Listening Part (50%)Part 1: Listen and Choose the Right Answer (10%)1.A。
foggy2.D。
XXX3.C。
cool4.B。
5th XXX5.C。
when6.A。
XXX7.B。
first8.A。
three9.D。
make10.C。
Sports DayPart 2: Listen and Write the Capital Letters (8%)FAGECDBPart 3: XXX (6%)4.F5.T6.TNote: There are no errors in the format or paragraphs of this text.四、XXX “A” or “B”。
(12%)1.A。
Spring is warm and wet。
B。
Spring is warm and foggy.2.A。
XXX and go to the park in spring.3.A。
Can you come to our school fair。
B。
Can you come to our school concert?4.A。
Which season do you like best。
B。
Which festival do you like best?5.A。
It’s on the 21st of December。
B。
It’s on the 22nd of December.6.A。
In summer。
it is hot and sunny。
so I go swimming。
B。
In summer。
it is rainy and sunny。
so I go swimming.五、XXX。
choose the correct answer by writing “A” or “B”。
海底两万里1-3章概括100字
海底两万里1-3章概括100字英文回答：Chapter 1 of "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" introduces the main characters and sets the stage for the adventure to come. The story is narrated by ProfessorPierre Aronnax, a renowned marine biologist. He is accompanied by his loyal servant Conseil and a Canadian harpooner named Ned Land. They embark on a journey aboard the USS Abraham Lincoln in search of a mysterious sea monster that has been terrorizing ships.中文回答：《海底两万里》第一章介绍了主要人物并为后续冒险做了铺垫。
故事由著名海洋生物学家皮埃尔·阿罗纳克斯教授叙述。
他带着忠诚的仆人孔塞尔和一位名叫内德·兰德的加拿大捕鲸者一起踏上了“亚伯拉罕·林肯”号的航程，寻找一只神秘的海怪，该海怪一直在恐吓船只。
Chapter 2 begins with the encounter between the USS Abraham Lincoln and the sea monster. The crew of the ship engages in a fierce battle with the creature, but their efforts prove futile. In the chaos, Professor Aronnax, Conseil, and Ned Land are thrown overboard and find themselves clinging to the back of the sea monster. Totheir surprise, they discover that the creature is not a monster at all, but a technologically advanced submarine called the Nautilus, commanded by the enigmatic Captain Nemo.第二章开始，亚伯拉罕·林肯号与海怪相遇。
朗文2a 句型 chapter1-3
朗文第四册Chapter1-3 重点句型复习Chapter 11.I like chilli fish.我喜欢辣鱼。
2.Beeno likes chilli fish. Beeno 喜欢辣鱼。
3.Beeno doesn’t like chilli fish. Beeno 不喜欢辣鱼。
4．What do you like? 你喜欢什么？5.What does he like?他喜欢什么？6.He likes potato chips. 他喜欢薯片。
7.Do you like peanuts? Yes, I do. /No, I don’t.你喜欢花生吗？是的，喜欢。
/不，不喜欢。
8.Does Billy like cookies? Yes,he does./No,he doesn’t .Billy喜欢饼干吗？是的，他喜欢。
/不，他不喜欢。
9.May I have some lemon sweets please,Mum. 我可以要一些柠檬糖吗，妈妈？10.Can I have some chocolate,Mum? Yes ,you can. /No,you can’t.我可以要一些巧克力吗？你可以/不，你不可以。
11.It’s sweet. 它是甜的。
12.They’re salty. 它们是咸的。
13.It’s sour.它是酸的。
14.It’s hot. .它是热气的。
15.Don’t eat too much. .别吃太多。
16.Don’t eat too many.别吃太多。
17.It’s Charlie’s bedtime. 是Charlie 的睡觉时间。
18.No sweets at bedtime. 睡觉时间不吃甜食。
19.They’re not good for your teeth.他们对你的牙齿不好。
20.I love lemon sweets.我喜欢柠檬糖。
Chapter 21.Is there any butter? Yes, there is./ No,there isn’t.有牛油吗？是的，有。
(完整word版)胡壮麟语言学教程(修订版)一至三单元课后名词解释中英对照
语言学教程chapter1-31.design feature: are features that define our human languages,such asarbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc.本质特征：决定了我们语言性质的特征。
如任意性、二重性、创造性、移位性等等。
2.function: the use of language to communicate,to think ,nguage functionsinclucle imformative function,interpersonal function,performative function, emotive function,phatic communion,recreational function and metalingual function.功能：运用语言进行交流、思考等等。
语言的功能包括信息功能、人际功能、施为功能、感情功能。
3.etic: a term in contrast with emi c which originates from American linguist Pike’sdistinction of phonetics and phonemics.Being etic means making far too many, as well as behaviously inconsequential,differentiations,just as was ofter the case with phonetic vx.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper.非位的：相对于“位学的”源于美国语言学家派克对于语音学和音位学的区分。
4.emic: a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike’sdistinction of phonetics and phonemics.An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech communith rather than via a ppeal to the investigator’s ingenuith orintuition alone.位学的：相对于“非位的”源于美国语言学家派克对于语音学和音位学的区分。
Chapter1-3-06
2. Understanding TEFL methodology through the teaching observation & description
The Focus Today
1 Different EFL methods used in China
Grammar translation Method (P. 338)
1. GTM mainly helps Ss read and appreciate foreign language literature. So Ss’ reading skills are developed, while oral skills are neglected.
TEFL Theories
Chapter 1-3
What is TEFL?
TEFL Methodology in China
Han Gang 2006. 9. 10
Main Points for Revision
1. The observations & descriptions of sample lesson 1 (The comparison between
4. Grammar rules are studied deductively, they are memorized and used from other examples.
5. The correct answer is supplied by the teacher if Ss make errors.
errors in learning processes
The Description of different Methods
EM2014-Chapter-1-3-格林定理和亥姆霍兹定理
F (r ) J (r )
已知梯度场为无旋场，旋度场为无散场，因此，根据亥姆霍兹定理，任一矢 量场均可表示为一个无旋场与一个无散场之和 。 量场均可表示为一个无旋场与一个无散场之和。
7
上述亥姆霍兹定理是针对无限区域 而言的，如果是有限区域 有限区域，任一 ，任一 上述亥姆霍兹定理是针对无限区域而言的，如果是 矢量场仍可表示为一个无旋场与无散场之和，但必须考虑区域边界上的 边值条件。 边值条件。 如果已知矢量场在有限区域的散度和旋度，以及矢量场的边值条件， 利用亥姆霍兹定理即可求出该矢量场的空间分布。因此，矢量场的散度 及旋度特性是研究矢量场的首要问题 。 及旋度特性是研究矢量场的首要问题。 根据亥姆霍兹定理，无限区域中的矢量场被其散度和旋度惟一地确 根据亥姆霍兹定理，无限区域中的矢量场被其散度和旋度惟一地确 定，有限区域中的矢量场被其散度、旋度和区域边界上的边值条件惟一 地确定。这一结论对本课程内容的讲解非常重要。在后续章节分别研究 地确定。这一结论对本课程内容的讲解非常重要。在后续章节分别研究 静电场、恒定磁场和时变电磁场时，将会把经过实验定律验证的矢量场 的散度和旋度作为基本假设 ，由此推导出描述矢量场特性 特性和计算矢量场 和计算矢量场 的散度和旋度作为基本假设，由此推导出描述矢量场 空间分布的相关公式或关系式。 空间分布的相关公式或关系式。
V
式中，S为包围V的闭合曲面，面元dS的方向为S表面的外法线方向。 以上两式称为矢量第一格林定理 ，或者，矢量格林第一恒等式 矢量格林第一恒等式，有时也称为 ，有时也称为 以上两式称为矢量第一格林定理，或者， 标量格林第一恒等式的矢量模拟 。 标量格林第一恒等式的矢量模拟。
矢量第一格林定理的证明
根据矢量恒等式
[ A ( B ) B ( A)] dS B [ ( A)] A [ ( B )] dV
鲁滨逊漂流记一至三章读后感英文版
鲁滨逊漂流记一至三章读后感英文版全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Robinson Crusoe Book Report (Chapters 1-3)I just finished reading the first three chapters of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe and I have to say, it's a pretty wild story so far! Robinson is a young man who goes against his parents' wishes and becomes a sailor. His life takes a crazy turn when he gets shipwrecked and ends up as the only survivor on a deserted island.In the first chapter, we learn about how Robinson was born into a good family, but was obsessed with the idea of going to sea from a young age. His father really didn't want him to become a sailor because he thought it was too dangerous. He tried giving Robinson all kinds of advice about staying home and getting a job on land, but Robinson wouldn't listen. He was determined to sail the seas no matter what.When Robinson was 18, he finally got the chance to go on a ship heading for London. His family was really upset, especially his mother who cried a lot, but Robinson didn't care. He was justexcited to finally be setting sail! However, the voyage didn't go as planned. They got caught in a terrible storm and were actually attacked by a pirate ship from Sallee! The crew fought back, but it was no use against the pirates' canons. Robinson and a few others were captured and taken to Morocco to be sold as slaves. So much for his dream adventure!In the second chapter, Robinson tells us all about his harrowing two years as a slave. He had to do backbreaking labor on farms, barely got any food, and was treated terribly by his master. Finally, Robinson got a chance to escape with a boy named Xury who was also a slave. They made a crazy escape, rowing a small boat across the sea until they were picked up by a Portuguese ship captain. The captain was a nice guy who paid for Robinson and Xury's freedom.Robinson decided to join the captain's crew and sailed with him for several years. During this time, he learned a lot about navigation and being a merchant sailor. After a while, the captain offered for Robinson to be part of a money-making trading voyage to the coast of Guinea in Africa. Robinson jumped at the chance, dreaming of finally striking it rich.That brings us to the third chapter, where the trading voyage gets underway. It started out fine, but then they ran into a bunchof scary issues. First, some of the sailors got sick. Then, they got caught in another crazy storm that nearly sank their ship. Robinson thought for sure he was going to die in the raging winds and towering waves. But the storm passed, leaving their ship a wreck.They decided to head for the Caribbean to make repairs, but more disaster struck. The ship sprung a leak and began taking on water. No matter how hard they bailed, the ship kept sinking lower and lower into the sea. With no other choice, the captain gave the order to head for the nearest land in the ship's boats to prevent them all from drowning. Little did Robinson know, this decision would lead to him becoming the only survivor stranded on a remote island in the middle of nowhere!So that's where the story leaves off for now at the end of chapter 3. I'm really hooked and can't wait to find out what happens next to poor Robinson. Will he be able to survive alone on the island? How will he find food, water, and shelter? Will any ships come to rescue him or is he doomed to be a real-life castaway? I'll have to keep reading to discover Robinson's ultimate fate.This book has been such an exciting page-turner so far. The nonstop action and Robinson's perseverance in the face of onelife-threatening crisis after another is really gripping. My favorite part was his daring escape from slavery - that was like a real-life adventure movie! I felt so bad for him having his dreams of sailing turn into a nightmare when he was first captured by those pirates. But Robinson never gave up and kept pursuing his ambitions no matter what obstacles stood in his way.I think the reason this story is so engaging is because it makes you wonder what you would do if you were in Robinson's shoes. Could I muster up enough courage, skills, and determination to survive being shipwrecked all alone? It's a chilling scenario to think about. The book really makes you appreciate modern life and not take basic things like food, shelter, and company for granted.Overall, I'm giving Robinson Crusoe 5 out of 5 stars based on these first three chapters. Between the high seas adventures, clashes with pirates, enslavement, and now being marooned - it's nonstop thrills! The writing has also been really vivid, so it's easy to picture everything happening in my mind. I can't wait to read the rest and see how Robinson fares while stranded. I have a feeling more exciting adventures and challenges await him on that mysterious island! I'd absolutely recommend this classicnovel to anyone who loves action, adventure, and tales of perseverance against the odds.篇2Robinson Crusoe: Chapters 1-3Robinson Crusoe is a really exciting adventure book by Daniel Defoe. The first three chapters are all about how Robinson gets shipwrecked and lands up on a deserted island. It's a crazy story!In Chapter 1, we learn that Robinson's father didn't want him to go sailing and have adventures on the high seas. His father gave him a serious talk about how it was better to stay home and live a simple, middle-class life in England. But Robinson didn't listen - he had his heart set on being a sailor and seeing the world.So against his parents' wishes, Robinson took off on a ship when he was 18 years old. On his first voyage, the ship got caught in a huge storm and he thought he was going to die! Luckily, the ship made it safely back to port in England. But that didn't stop Robinson's thirst for adventure. As soon as he could, he signed up for another long sea voyage on a different ship.In Chapter 2, we find out that the second ship Robinson sailed on also encountered storms and was chased by pirates! After barely escaping with his life, Robinson decided to stay on land for a while in Brazil, where he became a wealthy plantation owner. I thought that was pretty cool how he made a fortune growing crops and stuff in the jungle.But after a few years, Robinson got that old itch for sailing again. I guess he was just born to be an explorer! So in Chapter 3, he joined a crew heading across the Atlantic Ocean to purchase enslaved Africans (which I know now is extremely wrong and cruel). Their ship got caught in another crazy storm though. This time, the ship was totally destroyed.The chapters ends with Robinson being thrown into the churning sea by a gigantic wave. He managed to grab a piece of the ship's wreckage to float on, but had no idea where he was or if he'd ever see land again. I was on the edge of my seat reading this! I can't wait to find out what happens to poor Robinson stranded out in the middle of the ocean. Will he drown or make it to safety? I have to keep reading to see.Even though Robinson doesn't always make the best choices by disobeying his parents and getting involved in the slave trade, I can understand why he yearned for adventure. Staying coopedup in one place would be super boring for me too. I love reading about his thrilling experiences and all the dangers he faces out on the high seas. The story has definitely inspired my own dreams of going on an epic voyage someday!I think these first few chapters also teach some good lessons about being grateful for what you have. Every time Robinson thinks he's finally settled down to a comfortable life, he risks it all to seek out more fortune and glory. And his reckless decisions keep landing him in life-or-death situations at sea. It makes me appreciate things like my warm house, safety, family, and not having to fight off pirates!The writing by Daniel Defoe is so descriptive too. I could vividly picture all the fierce storms, splintered ships, roaring waves, and terrified sailors. My heart was pounding during the most intense action scenes! Defoe does a great job of making you feel like you're right there experiencing the incredible adventures of Robinson Crusoe.Overall, I'm totally hooked on this classic book so far. While Robinson doesn't always make the smartest choices, it's hard not to get caught up in the excitement and danger of his travels. I give the first three chapters a 5 out of 5 stars and can't wait to see what other crazy adventures and challenges Robinson willface now that he's stranded alone on a deserted island. This story of survival is sure to be epic!篇3Robinson Crusoe Book Report (Chapters 1-3)I just finished reading the first three chapters of the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, and I have to say, it's a pretty wild adventure so far! The story follows a guy named Robinson Crusoe who decides to become a sailor against his parents' wishes. That was kind of a bummer move if you ask me, but I guess he really wanted to see the world.In the first chapter, we learn that Robinson's dad actually wanted him to be a lawyer or something boring like that. But Robinson had a serious case of wanderlust and couldn't stop dreaming about sailing on ships to far away places. One day he just up and left home to become a sailor, which I imagine did not make his parents too happy. Still, he didn't seem to care much about their objections.The second chapter describes Robinson's first sea voyage to London. It was really dangerous and scary! There was a huge storm that almost sank their ship. Robinson says he was so terrified that he regretted disobeying his parents and wished hehad just stayed home like they wanted. But then the storm passed and he pretty much forgot all about being scared once they reached London safely.Once in London, Robinson signed up for another voyage to coast of Guinea in Africa. This time there was another terrible storm that lasted for weeks! The ship was battered by high winds and huge waves. Some of the crew even abandoned ship because they thought they were all going to die. But miraculously, the storm ended and Robinson's ship managed to limp along to the coast of Guinea. Man, this Robinson guy just could not catch a break with these crazy storms!In the third chapter, we find out that after reaching Guinea, Robinson joined another ship's crew that was sailing across the Atlantic to the Caribbean. I was like "Dude, Robinson, learn your lesson already! Stop tempting fate by going on these long voyages!" But nope, he just kept on sailing into danger.Sure enough, after leaving the coast of Africa, Robinson's ship was attacked by Turkish pirates! There was an intense battle with cannons firing and pirates trying to board the ship. It was totally insane. Robinson got captured by the pirates and spent two years as their prisoner until he escaped on a boat with a boy named Xury. They had hardly any supplies but managed to sailall the way across the Atlantic to an island off the coast of South America.And that's where the third chapter ends - with Robinson marooned on this remote island. He has no idea what he's going to do or how he's going survive. The chapters were packed with storms, pirates, danger, and adventure at every turn. I can't even imagine what will happen to Robinson once he's alone on that island. Will he be rescued? Will he somehow find a way to get off the island? I'm super excited to read more and find out! This book has been a non-stop thrill ride so far. I'll be sure to write another book report once I read further into Robinson Crusoe's harrowing tale.篇4My Thoughts on the First Three Chapters of Robinson CrusoeI just finished reading the first three chapters of the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, and I have to say, I'm really liking it so far! The story is about a guy named Robinson Crusoe who decides to become a sailor and go on adventures at sea, even though his parents don't want him to.In the first chapter, we learn that Crusoe comes from a good family in the city of York in England. His father was a merchant and wanted Crusoe to also become a merchant like him. But Crusoe had the strong desire to go sail the seas and have adventures instead. No matter how much his parents begged him not to go, Crusoe couldn't get the idea out of his head. He finally got the chance when a friend invited him to go on a sea voyage with him. Crusoe didn't even tell his parents, he just took off!I can understand why Crusoe's parents were so upset. The sea was very dangerous back then, with storms, pirates, and all sorts of other perils. A lot of ships didn't make it back in one piece, if at all. Crusoe's parents just wanted him to be safe and have a stable profession like being a merchant. But I get why the call of adventure and seeing the world was too strong for Crusoe to resist. If I was stuck in one place my whole life, I'd probably want to break free and explore too!In the second chapter, the ship Crusoe was on got caught in a huge, terrifying storm. The storm raged for days and days, ripping the sails and threatening to sink the ship at any moment.I can't even imagine how scary that must have been! The sailors were fighting for their lives, trying desperately to steer the shipto safety. Poor Crusoe was seasick the whole time, miserable and fearing he was going to die. I don't blame him for wanting to turn back and go home.But the stubborn Crusoe soon forgot about those fears once the storm passed. As the third chapter begins, he's convinced himself that the worst is over. His friend had warned him about potential dangers, but Crusoe brushed it off. He thought worrying too much about what could go wrong would just ruin the fun and adventure. I'm not sure I agree with that way of thinking though. It's good to have an adventure, but you also need to be safe and smart about it.That's about where I'm at so far in the story. Crusoe's boat is headed to the coast of Africa, carrying goods to trade. From the first few chapters, I can see that Crusoe is determined and a bit headstrong. He doesn't seem to think too much about consequences, he just follows his heart's desire for adventure and exploring. Part of me admires that free spirit, but the other part thinks he should listen to wisdom and advice more.I have a feeling there are going to be many more crazy adventures and close calls for Crusoe based on how it's going so far. The storm chapter in particular was really intense! I'll admit I had to take a break from reading because I was getting nervousjust imagining being trapped on that ship in the middle of that massive, powerful storm. How much more is poor Crusoe going to have to go through?I'm excited to read more and find out what happens next. Is Crusoe's voyage going to go smoothly after this, or will he face even more life-or-death situations? Will he eventually realize his parents had a point and head back home to York? Or will his craving for adventure keep carrying him into deeper trouble? I guess I'll have to keep reading to find out!Those are my thoughts so far on the beginning of Robinson Crusoe. Even though it was written a long time ago, I'm relating to Crusoe's feelings of wanting to get out and explore the world instead of just staying at home like his parents wanted. Getting swept up in big storms and facing danger seems terrifying of course. But I'll give Crusoe credit, he seems brave and is pursuing what he feels is his passion, even if it's risky. I'm looking forward to tagging along on more of his adventures!篇5My Thoughts on "Robinson Crusoe: Chapters 1-3""Robinson Crusoe" is an exciting adventure story that I recently read. It is about a man named Robinson Crusoe whogets stranded on a deserted island after a shipwreck. The book is divided into chapters, and I would like to share my thoughts on the first three chapters.In the first chapter, Robinson Crusoe tells us about his childhood and how he wanted to go to sea even though his parents wanted him to be a lawyer. I found it interesting that he didn't listen to his parents and followed his own dreams. It made me think about how important it is to pursue our passions and not just do what others expect from us.The second chapter is where the adventure really begins! Robinson Crusoe boards a ship, but unfortunately, it gets caught in a terrible storm. The ship breaks apart, and he is the only survivor. I felt scared for him when I read about the storm and how he had to swim to the shore. It must have been really tough for him to be all alone on the island without anyone to help him.Once Robinson Crusoe reaches the island, the third chapter shows how resourceful he is. He starts exploring the island and finds a cave for shelter. He also figures out how to make tools and find food. I was amazed at how clever he was in using the things he found on the island to survive. It made me realize that we should never give up and always try to find solutions to our problems.Reading these chapters made me think about how important it is to be independent and resilient. Robinson Crusoe didn't give up when he was stranded on the island. Instead, he used his skills and creativity to make the best of the situation. It made me wonder if I could do the same if I were in his shoes.I also learned that sometimes we have to make difficult decisions. Robinson Crusoe had to choose between staying on the island or trying to escape. He decided to stay because he thought it would be safer. It made me think about how we have to think carefully before making choices and consider the consequences.Overall, I really enjoyed reading the first three chapters of "Robinson Crusoe." It is an exciting story that teaches us about courage, independence, and perseverance. I can't wait to read the rest of the book and find out what happens next to Robinson Crusoe.篇6My Thoughts on the First Few Chapters of Robinson CrusoeHi there! I just finished reading the first three chapters of the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe and I have a lot of thoughts I want to share about it. This book is pretty old - it waswritten way back in 1719! But even though it's an old book, I found the story really exciting and interesting so far.The book starts off by introducing us to the main character, whose name is Robinson Crusoe. Robinson comes from a good family in the city of York in England. His father was a merchant and wanted Robinson to also get into the merchant business since it was a very respected profession back then. But Robinson didn't want to be a merchant at all! He had this big desire to go out and explore the world by sailing on ships across the sea. His father warned him about the dangers of being a sailor and tried very hard to convince him not to do it. He even gave this really long speech about all the reasons why Robinson should just stay home and get a safe job. But Robinson was determined and eventually he just left home without telling anyone to become a sailor.I can kind of understand why Robinson felt that way. When I was little, I always dreamed about going on adventures and exploring too! My parents didn't want me wandering too far from home by myself though because they were worried I could get hurt or lost. Now that I'm a bit older, I realize my parents were just trying to keep me safe. Still, I think that feeling of really wanting to voyage out and discover the world is something a lotof kids can relate to. Maybe that's part of the reason this book has been so popular for such a long time!After running away from home, Robinson had all sorts of crazy adventures at sea. The way the author describes everything makes it feel so real and vivid. During a huge storm, the ship Robinson was on ended up sinking! He was stranded all alone on a deserted island in the middle of nowhere. I can't even imagine how scary that must have been for him. The chapters talk about how he had to figure out how to survive completely by himself with no one else around to help him. He used wood from the wrecked ship to build himself a little house and tools. He grew crops for food, made clothes out of animal skins, and learned how to cook meals over a fire.If I was stuck alone on an island like that, I'm not sure I would be able to make it! Sure, sometimes I've thought it might be fun to live out in nature away from everything for a little while. But actually having to do it for real with no modern conveniences whatsoever? And not knowing if I'd ever be rescued? That would be absolutely terrifying! I give Robinson a lot of credit for figuring out how to make a life for himself in such an extreme situation.One of the most interesting parts so far was when Robinson was exploring the island and came across a strange footprint in the sand that was too big to be his own. Just the thought of there possibly being another person or people on the island with him, who could be friendly or hostile, added a lot of suspense and mystery. Are they natives of the island? Pirates? Castaways like him? I can't wait to read further and find out! That footprint discovery has me hooked and eager to learn what happens next.Overall, even though this book was written a long time ago, I'm really enjoying reading it so far. The story of a regular guy like Robinson Crusoe getting shipwrecked and being forced to survive alone on a deserted island is not something that could ever really happen to me in modern times. But that's what makes it such an exciting adventure to experience through the book. I feel like I'm learning so much about what life was like for sailors back then and all the crazy adventures they could end up having if things went wrong at sea. Daniel Defoe does such a great job with his detailed writing that I can picture everything so clearly in my mind as I'm reading it.I'm definitely planning to keep on reading to find out what other challenges and struggles Robinson has to face while stranded all by himself. He's been really brave and resourceful upuntil this point but who knows what other craziness could happen? I can't wait to see what other adventures are in store as I continue on with Robinson Crusoe! Stay tuned for more of my thoughts once I finish the next few chapters.。
chapter1-3恒定越前时间并列装置
第三节 恒定越前时间并列装置
（一） 滑差方向的检测原理 当 fG f X , S 0 时，在相 UG
S 0
角 e 自 0º运动到 180º的
过程中，UG 始终超前U X ；
相当 fG fX , S 0 G
e e
S 0
0
a
b
图 1-18 滑差方向的检测原理图
1 StYJ S R1C 1
StYJ S R1C 0
tYJ R1C
第三节 恒定越前时间并列装置
电平检测器反转瞬间的 tYJ 值 U SL tYJ
tYJ
与S 无关，而是仅与 R1及 C 的
数值有关的常量，右端的负号
U R2
t
t
表示与所取时间标尺的方向
U R2
U R2
相反，即为“越前”时间，故
第三节 恒定越前时间并列装置
四. 电压差检测 由于线性整步电压不载有并列电两侧电压幅值的信息， 所以就无法作为电压差的检测。电压差检测可直接用
UG 和U X 的幅值进行比较，两电压分别经变压器、整流
桥和一个电压平衡电路后检测电压差的绝对值。当此电 压差小于允许值时发出“电压差合格允许合闸”信号。
第三节 恒定越前时间并列装置
第三节 恒定越前时间并列装置
U G
t U X
t 增速
t 减速
t U SL
0
50
t
图 1-20 频差控制波形图
第三节 恒定越前时间并列装置
2. 越前鉴别
判定UG 和U X 谁是越前电压。输入信号为UG 和U X 的方波。在
越前相角 e 为 0~π区间内，当 fG fX 时，越前鉴别的增速脉冲回路 输出一系列正脉冲，，若 fG fX ，则越前鉴别的减速脉冲回路输出一 系列正脉冲。从而可以判别滑差的方向。
小王子chapter1-3
Previous Story有一些人，世俗是关不住的，因为他们用心在看世界。
凭借一本《小王子》，安东尼•德•圣埃克佩苏里上了50元面值的法郎，因为它的全球阅读率仅次于《圣经》。
一个热爱飞翔的人，用一颗大人的童心勾勒出法国、乃至世界文学史上的著名形象——系着围巾的小王子。
《小王子》是一个哲理童话，但它与说教无关。
在一个许多人认为“上帝已死”的时代，《小王子》试图用爱和责任作为世界的出路。
如果你是一个孩子，愿你感受到爱意满满的世界。
如果你已长大成人，愿你学会如何肩负一种责任。
接下来的20天，我们一起用心看这一本被无数人喜爱的《小王子》。
Chapter 1Once when I was six years old I saw a magnificent (壮观的) picture in a book, called True Stories from Nature, abo ut the primeval (原始的) forest.It was a picture of a boa (巨蟒) constrictor in the act of swallowing (吞咽) an animal.Here is a copy of the drawing.In the book it said: “Boa (巨蟒) constrictors swallow (吞咽) their prey (猎物) whole, without chewing (咀嚼) it.After that they are not able to move, and they sleep throu gh the six months that they need for digestion (消化) .”图片I pondered (思索) deeply, then, over the adventures (冒险) of the jungle (丛林) .And after some work with a colored pencil I succeeded in m aking my first drawing.My Drawing Number One. It looked like this:图片I showed my masterpiece (杰作) to the grown-ups, and asked them whether the drawing fr ightened (惊吓) them.But they answered: “Frighten (惊吓) ? Why should anyone be frightened (惊吓) by a hat?”My drawing was not a picture of a hat.It was a picture of a boa (巨蟒) constrictor digesting (消化) an elephant.But since the grown-ups were not able to understand it,I made another drawing: I drew the inside of the boa (巨蟒) constrictor, so that the grown-ups could see it clearly.They always need to have things explained.My Drawing Number Two looked like this:The grown-ups’response (反应) , this time, was to advise me to lay aside (在...旁边) my drawings of boa (巨蟒) constrictors, whether from the inside or the outside,and devote (致力于) myself instead to geography, history, arithmetic (算术) and grammar.That is why, at the age of six, I gave up what might hav e been a magnificent (伟大的) career as a painter.I had been disheartened (沮丧的) by the failure of my Drawing Number One and my Drawing Number Two.Grown-ups never understand anything by themselves, and it is tiresome for children to be always and forever (永远) explaining things to them.So then I chose another profession (职业) , and learned to pilot airplanes (飞机) .I have flown a little over all parts of the world; and it is true that geography has been very useful to me.At a glance (一瞥) I can distinguish (区分) China from Arizona. If one gets lost in the night, suc h knowledge is valuable.In the course of this life I have had a great many encoun ters (邂逅) with a great many people who have been concerned with matters of consequence (重要) .I have lived a great deal among grown-ups. I have seen the m intimately (熟悉地) , close at hand.And that hasn’t much improved (提高) my opinion of them.Whenever I met one of them who seemed to me at all clear-sighted,I tried the experiment (试验) of showing him my Drawing Number One, which I have alw ays kept.I would try to find out, so, if this was a person of tru e understanding.But, whoever it was, he, or she, would always say:“That is a hat.”Then I would never talk to that person about boa (巨蟒) constrictors, or primeval (原始的) forests, or stars.I would bring myself down to his level.I would talk to him about bridge, and golf (高尔夫球) , and politics, and neckties (领带) .And the grown-up would be greatly pleased to have met such a sensible (通晓事理的) man.Little Prince - Chapter 1 知识点总结2016-09-01 百词斩阅读关闭•9月1日知识点总结•Little Prince - Chapter 1下面是今天讲义的总结，方便大家保存，复习。
P1(Chapter1-3)课后练习
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSGeneral Certificate of EducationAdvanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level MATHEMATICS 9709Paper 1 Pure Mathematics 1 (P1)Additional Materials: Answer BookletREAD THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTIf you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.Answer all the questions.Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place in the case of angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.The use of an electronic calculator is expected, where appropriate.You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers.At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.Questions carrying smaller numbers of marks are printed earlier in the paper, and questions carrying larger numbers of marks later in the paper.1．The point A has coordinates (−1, −5) and the point B has coordinates (7, 1). The perpendicular bisector of AB meets the x-axis at C and the y-axis at D. Calculate the length of CD. [6]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2．The equation of a line is 2y + x = k, where k is a constant, and the equation of a curve isxy = 6.(i) In the case where k = 8, the line intersects the curve at the points A and B. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line AB. [6](ii) Find the set of values of k for which the line 2y + x = k intersects the curve xy = 6 at two distinct points. [3]--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3．(i) Express 2241x x-+in the form ()2a xb c++and hence state the coordinates of the minimum point, A, on the curve 2241y x x=-+. [4]The line x −y + 4 = 0 intersects the curve 2241y x x=-+at points P and Q. It is given that the coordinates of P are (3, 7).(ii) Find the coordinates of Q. [3](iii) Find the equation of the line joining Q to the mid-point of AP. [3]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4．The equation 20x px q ++=, where p and q are constants, has roots −3 and 5. (i) Find the values of p and q . [2](ii) Using these values of p and q , find the value of the constant r for which the equation 20x px q r +++= has equal roots. [3]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5．The line L 1 passes through the points A (2, 5) and B (10, 9). The line L 2 is parallel to L 1 and passes through the origin. The point C lies on L 2 such that AC is perpendicular to L 2. Find (i) the coordinates of C , [5] (ii) the distance AC . [2]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6．Find the set of values of m for which the line y = mx + 4 intersects the curve 2347y x x =-+ at two distinct points. [5]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7．The line1x ya b+=, where a and b are positive constants, meets the x -axis at P and the y -axis at Q .Given thatPQ =and that the gradient of the line PQ is 12-, find thevalues of a and b . [5]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chinese Name: _____________ English Name: _____________Totol Mark: ____________。
(完整word版)英语词汇习题集1-3(word文档良心出品)
英语词汇学习题集（Chapter 1—Chapter 3）Chapter 1 The Basic Concepts of Words andVocabulary1. Decide whether the following are true or false.( ) a. A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view.( ) b. Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be logically related.( ) c. The introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.( ) d. The words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary.( ) e. The principles by which to classify words are usage, notion and origin.( ) f. Native words are more popular than foreign words.( ) g. Native words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more.2. Give a term for each of the following definitions.a. sub-standard words often used on informal occasions ( )b. specialized vocabulary common in certain professions ( )c. words used by sup-cultural groups particularly by underground society ( )d. words that have clear notions ( )e. words of Anglo-Saxon origin( )f. words borrowed by way of translation ( )g. old words with new meanings( )Key:1. a.(T) b.(F) c.(T) d.(T) e.(F) f.(F) g.(T)2. a. slang b. jargon c. argot d. content words e. native words f. translation loans g. neologismsChapter 3 Morphological Structure of English Words1. Explain the following terms:1) morpheme 2) allomorph3) bound morpheme 4) free morpheme5) affix 6) inflectional affix7) derivational affix 8) root9) stemplete the following sentences with proper words according to the text.1) Structurally, a word is not the_________ unit because many words are analyzable or segmentable.2) The morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of ___________.3) Morphemes fall into different classes by different criteria of classification. Now people tent to group morphemes into groups:_________ and _________.4) According to the functions of affixes, we can put them into groups:______ and_____.5) The number of inflectional affixes is ________and ________, which makes English one of the easiest languages to learn.6) Derivational affixes can be further divided into __________and ________.7) A_________, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word.8) A________ can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Key:1. 1) a minimum meaningful unit of a language2) one of the variants that realize a morpheme3) a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme4) a morpheme that can stand alone5) a morpheme attached to a stem or a root6) an affix that indicates grammatical relationships7) an affix that forms new words with a stem or a root8) what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes9) a form to which affixes of any kind can be added2. 1) smallest 2) words3) free morphemes, bound morphemes 4) inflectional (affixes), derivational (affixes)5) small, stable 6) prefixes, suffixes7) root 8) stemChapter 4 Word Formation1.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Put F and T inthe brackets.( ) a. The most productive ways of word-formation are affixation, compounding and conversion.( ) b. Shortening includes clipping and blending.( ) c. Prefixation and suffixation are two subbranches of affixation.( ) d. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.( ) e. Compounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems. ( ) f. The limited number of verb compounds are created either through conversion or back-formation.( ) g. Verb compounds in the way of back-formation are formed mainly by dropping prefixes.( ) h. Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. These words are new only in a grammatical sense.( ) i. Blending is the formation of new words by combining part of two words or a word plus a part of another word.( ) j. Clipping, a way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and adding a new part to the original .( ) k. Words formed through acronymy are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the spelling of the words.( ) l. Back-formation is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.2. Study the following words and decide how each word was formed. Put youranswer in the bracket.Example: disobey (affixation or prefixation)disloyal ( ) harden ( )mass-produce ( ) motel ( )downfall ( ) dorm ( )incapable ( ) VOA ( )glorify ( ) radar ( )edit ( ) sandwich ( )familiars ( ) gas ( )water-proof ( ) quixotic ( )Affixation1. What is affixation?2. What is the difference between prefixation and suffixation?3. What is the fundamental difference between prefixes and suffixes?4. Match the prefixes in column A with the words in column B.A Bdis- capableil- willingnessim- legalin- agreementnon- officiallyun- convenientsmoker5. Match the suffixes in Column A with the words in column B.A B-er book-let friend-ship wait-tion china-ese lady-like protect-able natural-ly wash-en dark-fy beautyCompounding1. Express the following in one compound word:a. someone who writes songsb. someone who cleans windowsc. the race for armsd. the train in the morninge. a mine for goldf. bathe in the sung. as cheap as dirth. tanned by the sun2. The compounds in each of the following pairs are similar in structure. Pleaseindicate the different relations of the elements of the two compounds in each pair by syntactic paraphrases.Example: duty-free: free from dutiesraindrop flowerbedair-tight sea-greena well-meant remark a well-behaved personwar-ruined houses country-bred boysa computer-designer a sun-bathersteam engine fire enginesilk worm gaslighthandwriting faultfindingan ocean-going ship peace-loving peoplelanguage teacher baby-sitter3. Translate the following into Chinese:a. knee-deep f. pitch dark / blackb. life-like g. carefreec. snow-white h. soundproofd. nation-wide i. fireproofe. shoulder-high j. lifelong4. According to the definitions given below, write the other part of the nouncompounds, the first part already given.a. a stretch of land, round a town, where building is not al-lowed, so that thefields, woods, etc., remain: green___________b. a booklet giving all the most important information about a subject:hand_______c. an idea that comes later: after_______d. a pill which helps a person to sleep: sleeping_________e. a headline repeated on consecutive pages (as of a book): running_________f. a cloth that is used for washing one’s face and body: wash__________g. strong sunlight as when there are no clouds: sun________h. the action of forcing a way through the enemy: break__________i. a public show of anger: out __________j. a division into smaller parts: break_________5. Turn the phrasal verbs below into compounds:break through fall down break outtake in slide down cry outrun away hang overConversion1. Choose the best answer to complete each statement.( ) a. Conversion is a method_________.A. of turning words of one part of speech to those of a dif-ferent part of speechB. of converting words of one meaning into different meaningC. of deriving words through grammatical meansD. of changing words in morphological structure( ) b. Words involved in conversion are mainly_____________.A nouns, verbs and adverbsB nouns, adjectives and verbsC nouns, prepositions and verbsD adjectives, adverbs and verbs( ) c. In a derivational process, an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. The name is______.A full conversionB partial conversionC functional shiftD zero-derivation( ) d. Almost all monomorphemic _______ can be conversed into nouns, which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways.A verbsB adjectivesC adverbsD prepositions( ) e. Nouns converted from adjectives nave all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status, thus known as ____________.A partial conversionB full conversionC functional shiftD grammatical shift( ) f. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with ____________.A plural formsB single formsC adjectivesD definite articles( ) g. The conversion of two-syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of ________.A spellingB pronunciationC stressD function( ) h. In most cases a noun can be converted to a verb ____________.A with some changesB without any changeC with some changes in spellingD without any change in pronunciation2. Give your explanation for each of the following converted words in the sentences below:a. So she believed me and doctored my battered face, pleased that she could be useful.b. The train was telescoped as a result of the collision.c. We cannot mandate a solution to inflation.d. A team of experts at Columbia is now cataloguing the tapes and indexing the transcripts, which will be available for scholarly research.e. There will be a repeat of this program next week.f. Heart transplants began ten years ago. Why have British doctors done only four since then?g. In the choice of diction he has a taste for the quaint and the picturesque.h. The correspondent tried to get an interview with the condemned.k. The television drearies the ball game.l. The president was sketchiest in broad-brushing his goals in foreign policy. Blending1. Explain the characteristics of blending with examples.2. Explain the four types of blends with examples.3. Analyses the formation of the following blends and translate them intoChinese.botel skylabchunnel humintadvertistics medicaidworkfare psywarNixonomics comsatClipping1. Explain the characteristics of clipping with examples.2. Give examples to explain the different types of clipping.3. Read the following sentences and restore the full forms of the italicizedwords.a. Did you see the doctor’s dilemma on telly last night? ( )b. Palestinian demos mark massacres. ( )c. The America was the first to nuke two Japanese cities. ( )d. Viet troops suffer setback in Kampuchea. ( )e. The police asks for info on stolen computers. ( )f. Rural credit co-ops to get more autonomy. ( )g. Today, china acts to meet high-tech challenge. ( )h. Setback for governing parties in euro vote. ( )Acronymy1. What do the short forms stand for?EEC, OPEC, SLAM, ELSS, EDVAC, GEM, NSC, ERDA, ID2. Explain the following words:SALT laser AIDS V-Day D-Day G-manBack-formation1. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choosethe one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.( ) a. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of________.A prefixation B. suffixation C. acronymy D. conversion( ) b. Back-formation usually involves _ _____types of words.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 2( ) c. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely ______ and some of them have not gained public acceptance.A. formalB. adjectivesC. human nounsD. informal( ) d. Back-formation is the method of creating new words by ______ the so-called suffixes.A. removingB. combiningC. shorteningD. considering2. Give the original words from which the following words are back-formed. globe-trot ______ brainwash ________ghost-write ______ sleep-walk ________spoon-feed ________ air-condition ________book-keep _______ browbeat ______ _caretake _ ______ gatecrash _______housebreak _______ housekeep _______mass-p0roduce _______ lase _______proof-read _ ______ sightsee _______stage-manage _______ merry-make _______street-walk ______ _ window-shop _______Words from Proper NamesDecide whether the following statements are true or false.( ) a. Proper nouns form an important source of English vocabulary.( ) b. Words derived from names include names of people, names of country, names of products and names of books.( ) c. All the words denoting products come from the names of places where they were first made.( ) d. Quite a few words come from names of books and thus take on the meaning of the books.( ) e. When proper nouns are communized, many of them have lost their original identity.( ) f. Proper nouns have rich cultural associations and thus stylistically vivid, impressive and thought-provoking.( ) g. Proper nouns can not take suffixes.Key:1. a. T b. T c. T d. F e. T f. Tg.F h. T i. T j. F k. F l. T2. Disloyal ( prefixation, affixation)Harden (suffixation, affixation)Mass-produce (back-formation)Motel (blending)Downfall (compounding, conversion)dorm (clipping)incapable (prefixation)VOA (acronymy)Glorify (suffixation)Radar (acronymy)Edit (back-formation)Sandwich (word from proper names)Gas (clipping)Water-proof (compounding)Quixotic (word from proper names)Affixation1. Affixation, also called derivation, is the formation of new words by adding affixesto stems.2. While prefixation is to create new words by adding prefixes to stems, suffi9xationmakes new words by adding suffixes to stems.3. Generally speaking, prefixes do not change part of speech of the stems but theirmeaning whereas suffixes do change part of speech but modify the meaning of stems.4. dis + agreement il + legalim + mature in + convenient/ in+ capablenon + smoker un + officiallyun + willingness5. waiter, booklet, friendship, protection, Chinese, ladylike, washable, naturally,darken, beautifyCompounding1. a. song writer b. window-cleanerc. arms raced. morning traine. gold minef. sunbatheg. dirt-cheap h. suntanned2. a drop of rainThe bed for flowersimpermeable to airas green as seaa remark that is well meanthouses ruined by warboys bred in the countryone who designs computerone who bathes in the sunengine powered or operated by steamengine to prevent fireworm that produces silklight produced by gaswriting by handfind faulta ship that goes across oceanspeople who love peaceone who teaches languagesone who sits with babies3. a. 深可没膝的 b. 栩栩如生的 c. 雪白的d. 全国性的e. 齐肩高的f. 漆黑的g. 无忧无虑的h. 隔音的i. 防火的j. 终身的4. a. green belt b. handbook c. afterthoughtd. sleeping pille. running headf. washclothg. sunshine h. breakthrough i. outcry j. breakup Conversion1. a. A b. B c. D d. A e. B f. D g. C h. B2. a. doctored = applied medicine tob. was telescoped = became shorter by sliding into one anotherc. mandate = work out a solution by issuing an authoritative or-derd. cataloguing = making a catalogue ofindexing = making an index ofe. a repeat = a rebroadcastf. transplants = instances of transplantingg. the quaint = something quaintthe picturesque = something picturesqueh. the condemned = the person who has been convictedi. moderns = modern paintersj. heavies = big shotsk. drearies = makes deary (dull)1. broad-brushing = describing in broad outlinee.g. flush (flash = blush) smog (smoke = fog)2. Four major patterns:head +tail – motel (motor = hotel)head +head – telex ( teleprinter = exchange)head + word –medicare (medical +care)word = tail – bookmobile (book + automobile)3. botel (boat +hotel) 汽艇游客旅馆chunnel (channel + tunnel) 海峡隧道advertistics ( advertising + statistics)广告统计学workfare (word + welfare) 工作福利Nixonomics (Nixon + economics)尼克松的经济政策skylab (sky + laboratory)太空实验室humint ( human + intelligence) 谍报medicaid (medical + aid)医疗援助计划psywar (psychological + warfare)心理战comsat (communications + satellite)通讯卫星Clipping1. Clipping is a way of making a new word by cutting a part off the original andusing what remains instead.e. g. omnibus – busaeroplane – planeexamination – exambicycle – bike2. Four types of clipping:1) front + clipping telephone – phoneback clipping gentleman – gentfront and back clipping refrigerator – fridgephrase clipping3. a. television b. demonstrations c. nucleard. Vietnamesee. informationf. co-operativesg. high-technology h. EuropeanAcronymy1. EEC = European Economic CommunityOPEC = Organization of petroleum exporting countriesSLAM = Supersonic low altitude missileStrategic low altitude missileELSS = extravehicular life support systemEDVAC = electronic discrete variable automatic computerGEM = ground effect machineNSC= national Security CouncilERDA = energy research and development administrationID = identity card2. SALT: Strategic arms limitation talkslaser: lightwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndromeV-Day: Victory DayD-Day: decimalization dayG-man: Government manBack-formation1. a. B b. B c. D d. A2. globe-trotter brainwashingghost-writer sleep-walkerspoon-fed air-conditioningbook-keeping browbeatingcaretaker gatecrasherhousebreaker housekeepermass-production laserproof-reading sightseeingstage-manger merry-makingstreetwalker window-shoppingWord from Proper Namesa. Tb. Tc. Fd. Fe. Tf. Tg. F。
9Chapter1—3
7. contact n. 接触，联系 v. 与……联系，与……接触 We shouldn’t have any contact with drugs. 我们不应该与毒品有 任何接触。 You can contact me by phone on 2912346. Βιβλιοθήκη 可以拨打2912346 与我电话联系。
【搭配】 to one’s disappointment 使某人失望的是 To our great disappointment, it started raining suddenly. 让我们 失望的是，突然下起了雨。 make sb. disappointed 让某人失望 What he said made us disappointed. 他的话让我们很失望。 【拓展】 let sb. down 让某人失望 He never lets his parents down. 他从不让父母失望。
8. congratulate v. 祝贺 I congratulate him on his winning the prize by sending him a short message. 我发短信祝贺他获奖。 【同根词】 congratulation n. 祝贺 — Finally, our class beat Class Two in the basketball match.
2. employee n. 职工；雇员 Mr. Yang is a senior employee in the company. 杨先生是公司的 资深雇员。 【同根词】 employ v. 雇用 The company will employ another two computer programmers. 这家公司将再聘请两位电脑编程员。 employer n. 雇用者；雇主；老板 The employer of the shop is very kind to his employees. 这家店 的老板对职工很好。
八年级英语上册 Chapter 1—Chapter 3重难点复习 上海牛津版
Chapter 1 A letter from a pen-friend —Chapter 3 Dealing withtrouble一. 教学内容：Revision: From Chapter One to Chapter Three二. 重难点词汇：1. be keen on 喜爱＝like doing sth.e.g.: He is keen on playing football. ＝He like playing football.2. be similar to 与……相似，其反义词：be different from 与……不同e.g.: Tom is similar to other students.3. be responsible for 对……负责e.g.: The man is responsible for sales.4. fail an exam 考试不及格，与fail有关的词组有：fail to do sth. ＝f ail in doing sth. 做某事失败5. continue doing sth. 继续做某事＝go on doing sth.6. shout at 对着……喊（不友善的）shout to 对……大喊（没有不友好的）7. stare at盯着看：look at sth. with interest8. steal sth. from sb. 从某人那里偷到什么，容易与它混淆的：rob sb. of sth. 从某人那里抢来什么东西。
rob（v. ）抢劫--- robber （n. ）抢劫犯---robbery （n. ）抢劫案9. be afraid of sth. 害怕……与此相关的词组：be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事be afraid to do sth. 担心做某事这两个词组有时可以相等，但是有时不能替换。
爱丽丝漫游奇境英文读后感1-3章
爱丽丝漫游奇境英文读后感1-3章全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Alice's Adventures in Wonderland – A Book Report (Chapters 1-3)Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll is such an amazing book! I just finished reading the first three chapters and I'm already hooked. It's the craziest, silliest story I've ever read and I love it.The book starts off with Alice getting really bored sitting by the river with her sister. I get bored sometimes too when I have nothing to do. Alice sees a weird looking White Rabbit who's dressed up in a waistcoat and carrying a watch. That's pretty strange if you ask me! He runs by muttering about being late. Alice is so curious that she follows the White Rabbit down a rabbit hole. That's when the real adventure begins!Alice falls down this crazy deep hole and it feels like she's falling forever. There are so many weird things along the walls of the hole like cupboards and bookshelves. I would be scared falling that far but Alice doesn't seem too bothered. Finally, shelands with a big thump! She winds up in this wacky place called Wonderland.At first, Wonderland seemed kind of normal. There's a long hallway with a bunch of locked doors. But then Alice finds a little door that's too tiny for her to fit through. That's when things get really weird and wonderful! She discovers a bottle labeled "DRINK ME" and it makes her shrink down to only about a foot tall. Isn't that wild?Alice is so small that she starts crying a giant pool of tears. It's like a massive ocean for her tiny size. Then she meets all these crazy animals like a Mouse, a Duck, a Dodo, a Lory, and an Eaglet. They're all swimming around in her pool of tears! The animals get mad at Alice for flooding everything. The Mouse even starts telling a really long and boring story about William the Conqueror. I would have fallen asleep if I was there!In chapter 3, Alice gets into an argument with the animals about her tales. She tries to explain about her cat Dinah catching birds and mice. But the Mouse and his friends get offended thinking she's a nasty predator. So Alice has to leave the pool of tears. She wanders around Wonderland looking for the door to get back home.Alice finds a little box with a cake labelled "EAT ME." Whenever she eats part of the cake it makes her grow bigger. She gets so huge that her head is pushed up against the ceiling! Then she starts shrinking again after crying another big pool. It's totally bonkers how her size keeps changing uncontrollably. I don't know how she's keeping her cool through all this weirdness. I'd be freaking out for sure!When Alice is tiny again, she finds herself in this beautiful garden with bright flowerbeds and cool fountains. She meets these sassy talking flowers who aren't very nice to her at all. They start insulting Alice and kicking her around, calling her a"weed." How rude! I felt really bad for poor Alice having to deal with such mean flowers. Luckily, she's able to run away from them by chasing the White Rabbit again.That's where chapter 3 ends - with Alice running headlong through this crazy fantasy world after the White Rabbit. I'm dying to find out what other madness she's going to stumble into. This book is like nothing I've ever read before. It makes absolutely no sense at all but that's what makes it so fun and entertaining. I can't wait to read more about Alice's adventures in the wacky, whimsical Wonderland!篇2Alice's Awesome Adventure Down the Rabbit HoleI just finished reading the first three chapters of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll and it was super cool! The book starts off with Alice getting really bored while her sister is reading a book with no pictures or conversations. I can totally relate to that. Books without any pictures are kind of boring for kids like me.Anyway, Alice spots a White Rabbit wearing a waistcoat and talking to itself, which is already pretty weird. But then it takes out a watch and says "Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too late!" and runs off. Alice was so curious that she just had to follow it down a rabbit hole! I probably would have done the same thing if I saw a talking rabbit.Alice ends up falling down this crazy deep hole and it feels like she's falling forever. While falling, she sees all sorts of wacky things like bookshelves and maps on the walls. She even grabs a jar of orange marmalade off one of the shelves and eats some! I love orange marmalade so I was kind of jealous. The fall seems to last a really long time but Alice doesn't get hurt at all when she finally lands.When she lands, Alice finds herself in a long hallway filled with locked doors of all sizes. She can't get through any of themat first. Then she discovers a little door about fifteen inches high. When she peeks through, she sees the most beautiful garden you could imagine. Of course, the door is way too tiny for her to fit through. Kids can relate to that problem of things being too small for us!That's when Alice spots a glass table with a little golden key on it. She uses the key to unlock the tiny door, but then realizes she's still massive compared to the small door. So she starts crying a huge pool of tears on the floor! I felt really bad for her.While swimming around in her pool of tears, Alice spots a little bottle that says "Drink Me." Even though her sister always told her not to drink things like that, Alice is curious and drinks it anyway. As soon as she does, she starts shrinking until she's only about a foot high! She's finally small enough to fit through the little door. But then she realizes the key is back on the glass table which she's too small to climb onto now. Talk about frustrating!That's when Alice spots a little box under the table with a cake that says "Eat Me" on it. Even though she was never supposed to eat random food she finds places, she eats a little bite...and suddenly shoots up taller than she was before! Then she starts to grow until her head is pressed against the ceiling.Her neck is literally like a mile long which sounds both hilarious and uncomfortable.Just when it seems Alice is stuck, she finds a little glass bottle which makes her shrink again. Phew! Alice really struggles with being all these random sizes in just the first few chapters. I can't even imagine having to deal with that. I'd be totally confused too.While tiny, Alice finally squeezes under the door and ends up in the beautiful garden. But instead of flowers and trees, it's filled with weird fountains surrounded by a checkerboard path. And then out of nowhere, a puppy comes splashing around and turns into...a baby! Alice finds herself surrounded by more strange creatures like a dodo bird, a duck, and other birds and animals.The Dodo wants to hold a race, which doesn't make much sense to me but Alice goes along with it. The race turns into a weird mess with nobody finishing or being declared a winner. I got a little lost keeping track of everything going on. But I thought it was pretty funny picturing all those crazy birds and animals "racing."Those are the main things that happen in just the first three chapters. I can't even begin to imagine what kind of wacky adventures Alice is going to have next. With a start as wild asdrinking potions to change sizes and falling down rabbit holes, who knows what she'll encounter in the rest of Wonderland! I'm really looking forward to reading more to find out. Lewis Carroll sure has an incredible imagination to come up with such a bizarre and fantastical world.While some parts were a bit confusing for me to follow, I'm really enjoying Alice's Adventures so far. Getting shrunk down to tiny size or angrily growing to fill up an entire room would be every kid's dream (or nightmare?). I love the sense of nonsense and things not making a lot of sense, because that's how things can feel a lot of the time as a kid. I'm excited to join Alice on the rest of her curious journey through the upside down magic of Wonderland!篇3Alice's Adventures in Wonderland: A Book Report (Chapters 1-3)Have you ever had one of those crazy dreams where everything is topsy-turvy and nothing makes sense? That's exactly what happens to Alice in the first few chapters of Lewis Carroll's classic book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Oneminute she's sitting outside feeling bored, and the next she's tumbling down a rabbit hole into a world gone mad!In the first chapter, Alice is just minding her own business when she spots a White Rabbit muttering about being late. But this isn't just any rabbit - it's wearing a waistcoat and carrying a pocket watch! Alice can't resist following the peculiar rabbit down the hole, even though it seems like a pretty silly thing to do. After falling what feels like forever, she lands with a big thump in a strange hallway lined with doors.Alice tries the doors, but they're all locked. Just when she's about to give up, she spots a little glass table with a tiny golden key on it. Using the key, she unlocks a door leading to the loveliest garden you can imagine. The only problem? The door is so tiny that Alice can't squeeze through. She's stuck! While pondering her options, Alice spots a bottle labeled "DRINK ME" and gets an idea. Maybe the bottle contains a magic potion that will make her shrink!In Chapter 2, Alice drinks from the bottle and gets smaller and smaller until she's only about a foot tall. Hurray, she can fit through the door now! But oh no, she forgot the key on the table and now she's too tiny to reach it. Poor Alice is stuck again! Just then, she spies a little box and opens it up, finding a cake insidewith "EAT ME" written in fancy icing. Figuring she has nothing to lose, Alice gobbles up the cake and suddenly starts growing taller and taller until her head is jammed against the ceiling!Talk about a crazy situation - Alice is way too big to fit through the little door now. She starts crying a river of tears, creating a huge pool of saltwater in the hallway. As she's splashing around in her own tear-pool, the White Rabbit shows up again and Alice pleads for his help. But he doesn't stick around, dropping his fancy gloves and fan in the rush to flee from this giant crying girl! Alice does manage to grab the fan, using it to propel herself around the pool like a little boat.Chapter 3 takes an even weirder twist as a whole bunch of creatures suddenly appear, carried on the current of Alice's salty tears. There's a Mouse, a Dodo Bird, and other animals too, all sopping wet and not too happy about being adrift in thismini-sea. The loquacious animals argue back and forth about how to get dry until the Mouse has the bright idea of having everyone run in a circle, creating a "Caucus Race." Of course, this bizarre solution doesn't actually help anyone get dry!During all this madness, Alice keeps getting bigger and bigger until she towers over everything like a real-life giantess. The animals scatter in fright when Alice sneezes loudly, blastingthem backwards with the mighty sneeze-wind. Poor Alice! No matter what she does, things just get crazier. After shrinking down to an impossibly small size and nearly drowning in her own tears, Alice has now grown to epic proportions. Just when it seems the strangeness can't possibly escalate any further, the book takes yet another bizarre turn...I can't wait to read what wacky adventures await Alice in the next chapters of this fun, imaginative book! Her trip down the rabbit hole has been packed with pure silliness and unpredictable twists from the very start. Between the talking animals, magic potions, and her constantly changing size, Alice's wonderland is living up to its name as the wackiest dreamworld ever. I have a feeling her misadventures have only just begun as she stumbles deeper into this madcap realm where rules are made to be broken. What other weirdness will she encounter next? I'm hooked and excited to dive back into Carroll's masterpiece of imaginative nonsense!篇4Alice's Amazing Adventure in Wonderland (Chapters 1-3)I just finished reading the first three chapters of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, and I have to say, it'sone of the most exciting and imaginative stories I've ever read! It's all about a curious young girl named Alice who falls down a rabbit hole and ends up in the strangest place called Wonderland.In the first chapter, Alice is feeling bored and sleepy when she sees a talking White Rabbit with a waistcoat and pocket watch running by. Rabbits can't really talk or wear clothes, but Alice doesn't seem too surprised! She just gets up and follows him down the rabbit hole without even thinking twice about how weird it is. I probably would have been too scared to follow a strange talking animal underground, but Alice is really brave and curious.When Alice falls down the deep rabbit hole, it's like falling slowly through the air because the hole goes straight down for so long. On her way down, she sees shelves with jars of marmalade and maps and pictures hanging on the walls. A falling shower of plates and dishes whizzes past her head! It sounds like such an awesome roller coaster ride. I wish I could have fallen down that fantastical rabbit hole with her.Finally, Alice lands with a big thump onto a pile of sticks and leaves. When she enters the long hallway, she comes across a tiny door that's locked. Through the keyhole, she can see theloveliest garden you could ever imagine! After some searching, she finds a little bottle with the words "DRINK ME" Written on it. Even though her sister warned her about taking strange things, Alice drinks the bottle's contents like it's no big deal. Suddenly, she starts shrinking until she's only about ten inches tall! I can't believe she was brave enough to drink a random bottle of mystery liquid like that.In the second chapter, Alice is now so tiny that she can fit through the little door into the breathtaking garden. But when she gets through, she faces a new problem - the door has slammed shut and locked her out! She starts crying a river of tears that turns into a huge pool of saltwater. While swimming in her pool of tears, Alice meets a Mouse who is swimming too and gets even more soaked from Alice's constant rain of tears. The Mouse agrees to tell Alice and the other creatures its long, dry story to make everybody feel better.The third chapter is when the real craziness begins! In the middle of the Mouse's lecture, Alice suddenly grows bigger after eating a little cake. Her neck starts stretching taller and taller until her head is stuck in the roof of the hall! A bunch of creatures, including the Mouse, start throwing rocks and other things at poor Alice. She's stuck and can't get her gigantic bodyfree until she finds a little fan and starts fanning herself. As she shrinks down, the air rushes out with such force that it blows the creatures away like a hurricane wind.Those first three chapters were absolutely wild and unforgettable! I loved how one weird, unbelievable thing just kept happening after another. Just when you think the story couldn't get any crazier, Alice grows into a giantess or something else insanely surreal occurs. Lewis Carroll's writing style is so silly and imaginative that it makes me feel like I'm in a vivid dream world where nothing is normal. I can't wait to read the rest of the book and see what other mind-boggling adventures await Alice in Wonderland!篇5Alice's Adventures in Wonderland - A Book Report (Chapters 1-3)Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is a super weird but totally awesome book by Lewis Carroll. In the first three chapters, the craziest stuff happens to Alice, who is just trying to follow a rabbit down a rabbit hole. Here's what went down:Chapter 1 - Down the Rabbit HoleAlice is just chilling, feeling bored, when all of a sudden this rabbit dashed by her. But get this - the rabbit was wearing a waistcoat and talking to itself! Alice was like "Say what?!" but she decided to follow it down a giant rabbit hole. I mean, who wouldn't want to follow a talking rabbit, am I right?So Alice falls down this crazy deep hole and sees all these cool things like bookshelves and maps on the walls. She wasn't even scared at all, which I think is pretty brave of her. When she finally hit the bottom, she ended up in this whacky hallway with a tiny door that was locked. A key was conveniently sitting on a glass table, but it was too small to open the door. Talk about frustrating!Chapter 2 - The Pool of TearsLeave it to Alice to start crying big crocodile tears when she got frustrated trying to get through the little door. Her tears formed a huge pool that she could splash around in. But then things got even weirder when she drank from a bottle labeled "DRINK ME" and started shrinking down. Before she knew it, she was only 10 inches tall!Being tiny caused Alice all kinds of problems. She couldn't reach the key on the table anymore and almost drowned in her own pool of tears. Just when she thought she was a goner, shewas able to grab a little cake with "EAT ME" written on it. One bite made her grow so tall that her head brushed the ceiling! Whoopsies.Chapter 3 - The Caucus Race and A Long TaleNow that Alice was ginormous, she started crying again and created another pool from her tears. A whole bunch of animals showed up, like a mouse, a dodo bird, and some other weird creatures. The animals wanted Alice to join their caucus race, which didn't have any real rules or winners. It just sounded like a bunch of random running around if you ask me.During the race, Alice shared an intense tail with the mouse about her cat Dinah. The mouse did not appreciate her cat tale one bit and got all mad and offended. Can you believe it? The whole thing wrapped up with a bunch of confusing poems and ridiculous made up words. By the end, Alice was just happy to leave the strange group behind.My Thoughts So FarI'll be honest, this book is one of the strangest things I've ever read! Between the talking animals, Alice constantly changing sizes, and just a total lack of rules or logic, it's insanity. But in a fun, whimsical kind of way, you know?I'm really digging Alice as the main character too. For a little girl, she's pretty gutsy to chase a rabbit into a hole and just keep on adventuring no matter how crazy things get. I have no idea what'll happen to her next, but I'm excited to keep reading and see what other wacky adventures await! This book makes literally no sense but I'm totally here for it.篇6Alice's Adventures in Wonderland – A Book Review (Chapters 1-3)Wow, what a crazy and fun book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is! I just finished reading the first three chapters and I can't wait to read more. It's about this little girl named Alice who follows a weird talking rabbit down a rabbit hole and ends up in this super strange place called Wonderland. So many wacky things happen to her there!In the first chapter, Alice is just hanging out when she spots a White Rabbit running by, muttering about being late. But this isn't any ordinary rabbit – it's wearing a fancy waistcoat and carrying a watch! Alice has never seen a rabbit act like that before, so of course she gets curious and follows it down the rabbit hole.She falls for what feels like forever, passing strange things like maps and cupboards floating by. I'd be so scared falling that far down! When she finally lands, she finds herself in a long hallway filled with locked doors. The only unlocked door is tiny –way too small for her to fit through. But then a bottle appears on a glass table that says "Drink Me." Even though her sister has warned her about taking things that don't belong to her, she drinks it anyway to try and get small enough to go through the door. Whoops!In the next chapter, Alice shrinks down so tiny that she can float on a pool of her own tears! How weird is that? She tries to get dried out with a box of comfits, which are kind of like little cookies or candies. But they make her way too big again and she's stuck in the hallway. She tries eating a little cake with the words "Eat Me" on it to get small enough to fit through the door into the beautiful garden she can see. But she gets it wrong and ends up giant-sized, over 9 feet tall! Her neck is so long that she gets it stuck out of the chimney. No matter what she does, she can't seem to stay the right size.My favorite part of these first few chapters is in Chapter 3 when all these wacky animals appear to try to get Alice out of the house. First a Duck, then a Dodo bird, and lots of other birds andanimals start marching around the house. The Dodo is acting like he's in charge, which is pretty funny since dodos are extinct! A whole crowd of creatures come, from a Duck and a Lory to a Guinea Pig and even a Eaglet. Alice tries explaining to them how she got so big, but they don't understand her. The animals want to try drying her off by having a Caucus Race all around her. It sounds like a weird made-up game where everyone runs in a circle with no winner. How silly!After the race, the animals start tossing Alice some more little cakes and drinks to try to get her small again. A wise old Rabbit is passing them around and telling her what to eat and drink. But everything just makes her bigger or smaller with no in-between! At one point she's just a speck and the Rabbit has to slather her in butter to get her to grow. At another point she's filling the whole house and the Rabbit has to feed her some little magic mushroom pieces. It's all so silly and crazy!I really like how nothing makes sense in Wonderland and anything can happen. One minute Alice is tiny, the next she's giant! Talking animals are ordering her around and making her play meaningless games. For a little girl like Alice, it must be so confusing but also kind of fun in a weird way. I'm alreadylaughing at all the nonsense and I've only read the first three chapters.One thing I don't quite understand is why Alice just goes along with everything. If I was in her shoes, I might get a little freaked out by floating cupboards, disappearing cats, and talking animals. I'd probably want to find a way out of Wonderland fast! But maybe that's what makes Alice so brave – she's just rolling with all the craziness. Or maybe she's too polite to not listen to the creatures. I guess I'll have to keep reading to find out.I also like how the story makes me use my imagination. With all the whimsical details and madcap events, it's fun to picture what Wonderland looks like in my mind. I keep thinking about what Alice's giant self would look like all squished inside the house or how funny a Dodo would look pretending to lead the animals. The book makes no sense at all, but that's what makes it such an amusing world to imagine!All in all, I'm having a blast reading the beginning of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. It's one of the most creative and silly books I've ever read. I can't wait to dive back in and see what other nonsensical things happen to Alice. Maybe she'll finally get to explore that garden or meet some new outrageous characters.With a world as madcap as Wonderland, there's no telling what she'll encounter next! I'm ready for more hilarious mayhem.。
chapter1-3生态自然观
(1)自在自然
• 从时间上看，包括人类产生以前的，和人类产生以后 的无限广阔的自然界；
• 从空间上看，包括人类目前尚未观测到的总星系以外 的宇观世界，以及基本粒子以下的未知的微观世界； 也包括构成人类生存环境的宏观世界中尚未被人了解 的自然事物和自然过程及其未探明的规律和特性。
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二、马克思主义的生态思想
• （一）马克思主义生态思想的基本观点
• 1.自然界是人类生存和发展的基础 • 2.环境创造人，人也创造环境 • 3.自然生产力是社会生产力的基础 • 4.人要与自然和谐一致 • 5.改革不合理的社会制度，是实现人与
自然协调发展的重要途径
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主要是指生态环境
• (2)人利用自然界的材 料所创造的人工自然 物。
如各种新材料、新 工具、人工建筑、可以模 仿思维的人工智能机等。
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3.人的活动使自然界成为人的作品
• 早期的小规模影响 • 人类的岩石（矿床和水利工程） • 人类的矿物（人工材料、纯金属、合金
） • 人类的地貌 • 人类的大气 • 人类的森林 • ……
新石器时代： 0.05亿
1600年：
5亿
1800年：
10亿
1927年：
20亿
1960年：
30亿
1974年 ：
40亿
1987年：
50亿
2019年10月12日： 60亿
预计21世纪末： 110-190亿
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
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（三）人与自然对立的根源： 人类中心主义
• 1.人类中心主义的产生和发展
(1)普罗泰哥拉：人是万物的尺度 人是存在事物存在的尺度，也是
朗文1A Chapter 1-3测试卷
朗文1A Chapter 1-3测试卷Name：Class: Score: 一．Listen and circle。
(选择）( ）1。
A: I am fine , thank you . B：I am seven 。
( ）2. A: Good morning . B：Good afternoon .( )3。
A: My name is Peter . B：I am a girl .( ）4. A：P—E-T—E—R PETER B: C-A—T cat( )5 A: It is a book . B：I have a book .二、Fill in blanks.(填空题）20’am is are1.This ____ Cherry.2. She ____ my friend.3. Hello,I ____ Bob.4。
How ____ you，Amy?5. I ____ fine,thank you.6。
I ____ in Class 1B.7。
Bob,you ____ in Class 1A。
8。
Amy ____ in Class 1A too.9 . I ____ a ball and a teddy bear.10。
This ___ Peter。
He_____ my classmate.have has1. You have two dolls 。
I _____ one doll.2。
Sue _____ one car . She _____four buses .3。
I ____ four balls 。
Sam _____ six balls .4. Lily ___ five robots 。
Jack ___four cars and two buses .三、Correction。
(改错题）10’1. Tim has eight car.____________________________________________________ 2. I has a ball。
Treasure Island chapters 1-3 教案
Treasure IslandChapters 1-3主备人：陈晓清复备人：备课时间Teaching objectivesBy the end of the class, students should be able to:1.know the writer who wrote the book.2.know the main plots about the book.3.know some details about the book and the characteristics of the main characters.Teaching procedureStep 1 Lead in复备1.Watch a short movie and ask some questionsWhat’s the name of the movie? Have you ever read the book? Who wrote it? What’s itabout? Who’s the main character?2.Show the cover of the book and askWhat can you see from the picture? What can you imagine from the picture? How doyou feel from the picture?Who wrote the book? Do you know him?Step 2 Presentation1.About the authorOpen your books and read the information about the author on P 6 and answer somequestions.When and where was the author born?Did he finish his studies? Why or why not?What did he and Fanny travel for? What countries did he go to? Was his experienceuseful to him?Where did he spend his last time? What did he do there?What do you think of him and his books?2.About the bookAfter knowing the author, do you want do know the main plots about the book?Open your books and read the main plots about the book on P7, then complete theshort passage.Treasure Island is an story of ‘pirates and buried gold’.Its narrator isa , Jim Hawkins. He find a map the place the terrible pirateCaptain Flint hid his treasure.One of the main themes of the story is Jim Hawkin’s coming of . In thebeginning, Jim is an innocent child, in a safe world with his parents.After his father’s death, he goes to search for treasure. This adventure tests hisand morals. Finally he finds the treasure, but he also has become a mature young manwho good over evil and aLife over adventure. His search for treasure is a metaphor for his searchfor .Treasure Island has greatly our idea of pirates and has introducedmany popular images into our culture.Step 3 Reading1.Chapter 1 Call me captainRead chapter 1 and answer some questionsWhat does the captain look like?What does he like to drink?What do you think the captain is afraid of?Why are people afraid of the captain?What can you infer according to the last paragraph?2.Chapter 2 Black dogRead chapter 2 and answer some questionsWhat do you think “the place ’is?Who wants to know where it is?Who are “ they”?How do you think Jim feels now?What is the black spot? Who gives it to who, and why?3.Chapter 3 The sea chestRead chapter 3 and answer some questionsWhat’s inside the captain’s chest?What do you think the papers are?What is the name of the blind man?What is he looking for?Who do the officers take Jim to? And why?Step 4 ConsolidationWork in groups and try to act about the main plots in the first three chapters. Students should be able to pay attention to the feelings of the words by the characters and the actions they act.Step 5 Homework1.Try to write a short story about Jim according to the things happened in Chapters 1-3.2.Read the following Chapters 4-7 and make some notes.。
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（二）边界层的分离
分边界层的分离: 当流体流过非流 线型物体时发生 边界层脱离壁面 的现象. A
S’
A →C：流道截面积逐渐减小，流速逐渐增加，压力逐渐 减小（顺压梯度）； C → S：流道截面积逐渐增加，流速逐渐减小，压力逐渐 增加（逆压梯度）； S点：物体表面的流体质点在逆压梯度和粘性剪应力的作 用下，速度降为0。 SS’以下：边界层脱离固体壁面，而后倒流回来，形成涡流， 21 出现边界层分离。
3
实验证明，对于一定的流体，内摩擦力F与两流体 层的速度差 du 成正比，与两层之间的垂直距离 dy 成反比，与两层间的接触面积A成正比.
du F A dy
法向速度梯度，即在 与流体流动方向 相垂 直的y方向流体速 度 的变化率，1/s
内摩擦力，N
比例系数，称为流体的粘 度或动力粘度，Pa· s
n
14
r u umax 1 R
n
式中n与Re有关，取值如下：
4 10 4 Re 1.1 105 , 1.1 105 Re 3.2 10 6 , Re 3.2 10 6 1 6 1 n 7 1 n 10 n
1 当 n 时，推导可得流体的平均速度约为 7
注意：层流边界层和层流内层的区别
18
流体在圆管内流动时的边界层
进口段长度： x0 层流： 0.05 Re d
湍流：
x0
d
40 ~ 50
对于管流来说，只在进口段内才有边界层内外之分。 在边界层汇合处，若边界层内流动是层流，则以后 的管内流动为层流；若在汇合之前边界层内的流动 已经发展成湍流，则以后的管内流动为湍流。
1
下板固定，上板以恒 定速度u沿x方向运动
平板间液体速度变化
对任意相邻两层流体，上层速度较大，下层速度较小， 前者对后者起带动作用，而后者对前者起拖曳作用.
内摩擦
流体的粘性
2
实际流体在管内的速度分布
平行平板间的流体，流速分布为直线，而流 体在圆管内流动时，速度分布呈抛物线形 管壁处速度梯度最大,剪应力最大; 管中心速 度覆梯度为零,剪应力为零.
ux ux ux '
10
1 T u udt T 0
流体质点的速度 脉动曲线示意图
脉动速度是瞬时速度对时均速度的偏离.
二、管内流动的分析
1. 层流时的速度分布
层流时的速度分布
层流时管内速度分布的推导
速度分布为抛物线形状
由压力差产生的推力: 流体层间内摩擦力:
在圆管内，以管轴为中心， 取半径为r 、长度为 l 的流 体柱作为研究对象。
( p1 p2 ) 2 2 u (R r ) 4l
12
管中心流速为最大，即r＝0时，u＝umax，得
( p1 p2 ) 2 umax R 4 l ( p1 p2 ) 2 2 u (R r ) 4l
r 2 u umax 1 R
2
( p1 p2 )r du du F w A A (2rl ) dr dr
11
根据牛顿第二定律，在流动方向上所受合力必定为零
du ( p1 p2 )r ( 2rl ) dr
2
整理得
du ( p1 p2 ) r dr 2l
利用管壁处的边界条件，r＝R时, u＝0，积分可得 速度分布方程，
5
包括所有气体和大多数液体
（二）流体的粘度(Fluid Viscosity)
粘度的物理意义: 流体流动时在与流动方向垂直的方向上产生 单位速度梯度所需的剪应力。粘度是反映流体粘性大小的物 理量。 粘度也是流体的物性之一，其值由实验测定。 液体的粘度，随温度的升高降低，压力对其影响可忽略不计。 气体的粘度，随温度的升高而增大，一般情况下也可忽略压力的 影响，但在极高或极低的压力条件下需考虑其影响。 粘度的单位
第三节 管内流体流动现象
一、 流体的粘度(Fluid Viscosity) （一）牛顿粘性定律(Netow law of viscidity) 流体的典型特征是具有流动性，但不同流体的 流动性能不同，这主要是因为流体内部质点间作相 对运动时存在不同的内摩擦力。 这种表明流体流动时产生内摩擦力的特性称 为粘性。粘性是流动性的反面，流体的粘性越大， 其流动性越小。流体的粘性是流体产生流动阻力 的根源。
根据流量相等的原则，确定出管截面上的平均速度为
Vs u 2rdr
0
R
R
0
r 2 R 2 2umax [1 ( ) ]rdr umaR 2
即流体在圆管内作层流流动时的平均速度为管中心最 13 大速度的一半 .
2. 湍流时的速度分布
.
.
.
d (m u ) dy
为动量浓度梯度 (Concentration gradient of momentum)7
二、 流体的流动型态(Fluid Flow Pattern ) （一）雷诺实验
Streamline flow
Turbulent flow
8
（二）流型判据——雷诺准数(Renault number) 流体的流动类型可用雷诺数Re判断：
雷诺数的物理意义：Re反映了流体流动中惯性力与粘性力 的对比关系，标志流体流动的湍动程度。其值愈大，流体 的湍动愈剧烈，内摩擦力也愈大
9
（三）湍流的脉动现象和时均化
构成质点在主运动之外还有 附加的脉动。即瞬时速度围绕某 一平均值而上下波动。 质点的脉动是湍流运动的最 基本特点。 时均化速度: 瞬时速度:
19
湍流流动
当管内流体处于湍流流动时，由于流体具有粘性和 壁面的约束作用，紧靠壁面处仍有一薄层流体作层 流流动，称其为层流内层（或层流底层） 当流体在圆管内作湍流流动时，从壁面到管中心分 厚度随Re的增大 为层流内层、过渡层和湍流主体三个区域。 而减小 层流内层是传递过程主要阻力, 层流内层虽然很薄， 但却对传热和传质过程都有较大的影响。 20
ux=0.99u
u u
边界层区
16
（二）边界层(Boundary Layer)的形成及发展
边界层区（边界层内）：沿板面法向的速度梯度很 大，需考虑粘度的影响，剪应力不可忽略。 主流区（边界层外）：速度梯度很小，剪应力可以 忽略，可视为理想流体。
17
平板上的流动边界层发展
层流边界层：边界层内的流动类型为层流 湍流边界层：边界层内的流动类型为湍流 层流内层：边界层内近壁面处一薄层，无论边界层内的流型 为层流或湍流，其流动类型均为层流
Re
du
Re准数是一个无因次的数群
实验结果表明，流体在直管内流动时， （1）当Re≤2000时，流动为层流，此区称为层流区； （2）当Re≥4000时，一般出现湍流，此区称为湍流区； （3）当2000< Re <4000 时，流动可能是层流，也可能 是湍流，与外界干扰有关，该区称为不稳定的过渡区。
4
单位面积上的内摩擦力称为剪应力，以τ表示，单位为Pa
du dy
以上两式牛顿粘性定律，表明流体层间的内摩擦力或剪应力 与法向速度梯度成正比。 牛顿型流体 剪应力与速度梯度 的关系符合牛顿粘 性定律的流体
非牛顿型流体
剪应力与速度梯度 的关系不符合牛顿 粘性定律的流体 如高分子溶液、胶体 溶液及悬浮液等
湍流时流体质点的运动情况比
较复杂，目前还不能完全采用理 论方法得出湍流时的速度分布规 律。速度分布比较均匀，速度分 布曲线不再是严格的抛物线。
.
湍流时的速度分布
du 剪应力 ： ( ) dy ε为湍流粘度，与流体的流动状况有关。
r 湍流速度分布的经验式：u umax 1 R
F ma m du d (mu) 剪应力 A A A d Ad
时间
剪应力表示了单位时间、通过单位面积的动量，即动量通量. 牛顿粘性定律也反映了动量通量的大小:
du d ( u ) d ( u ) dy dy dy mu u 单位体积流体的动量，称为动量浓度 V
Pa Pa s du dy m s m
在一些工程手册中，粘度的单位常常用物理单位制下的cP （厘泊）表示 .
1cP＝10-3 Pa.s
6
（三）剪应力与动量传递 (Shearing stress and momentum transfer)
分子动量传递是由于流体层之间速度不等，动量从速度大 处向速度小处传递。 动量
边界层分离的必要条件： 流体具有粘性； 流动过程中存在逆压梯度 边界层分离的后果： 产生大量旋涡； 造成较大的能量损失
两个因素缺一不 可
22
练习
1.湍流流动的特点是，故其瞬时速度等 于与之和。 2．雷诺准数的物理意义是__________________。 3. 层流与湍流的本质区别是（ ）。 A 湍流流速＞层流流速； B 流道截面大的为湍流，截面 小的为层流； C 层流的雷诺数＜湍流的雷诺数； D 层流无径向脉动， 而湍流有径向脉动 4. 流体作湍流流动时，邻近管壁处存在一____，雷诺数 愈大，湍流程度愈剧烈，则该层厚度____。
管中心最大速度的0.82倍，即
u 0.82umax
15
三、边界层
(一) 边界层概念及普兰特边界层理论
普兰特边界层理论的主要内容：
(1)紧贴壁面非常薄的一层，该薄层内速度梯度很大，这一薄层称 为边界层。
(2)边界层以外的流动区域，称为主体区或外流区。该区域内流 体速度变化很小， 故这一区域的流体流动可近似看成是理想流体 流动。 主体区或外流区 u u u u