LED在景观照明中的应用 毕业论文外文翻译

Application of LED in the landscape lighting
Apart from the mercury-free LED light source, saving energy, materials, environmental non-electromagnetic interference, non-harmful rays five advantage, fields in lighting, especially in landscape lighting, there are many advantages. Such as: low-voltage power supply - no high-pressure areas, in order to insulation costs much less, high reliability annex simple - no starter, ballast or EHV transformer; simple structure - a solid source of the greatest advantages , Non-carbonated, non-glass case, no gas sealing problems, impact resistance; controllable good - fast response time (microsecond order of magnitude) can be repeated frequently-out, basically inert, will not be tired; color Chunhou -- Semiconductor PN junction produce their own color, pure, strong, rich colors - plus three primary colors of digital technology, evolution of arbitrary color; light structure - wood, cost-saving; lamps on strength and stiffness requirements of very low -- -- The compact size of the LED lamps can be seen as the LED cells, only the smallest LED mm2 order of magnitude or less; flexible good - LED light source of the compact, LED can adapt to all kinds of different size and geometry of space size The decorative lighting requirements, such as: point, line, surface, the ball, different forms, and any form of art lighting sculpture; visible, LED is worthy of a green lighting of the 21st century proud.
LED decorative landscape lighting research and development due to the characteristics of the LED with a series of advantages, LED lamps in the landscape of research and development mainly in the following directions: garden lights, path lights, lamps and buried, small spotlights, Caoping Deng, the Fast-Track Road Lamps, wall lamp, and so on. Source use LED, combined with changes in control, upgrading the Hongtuo on the landscape, making them more artistic tastes. Non-standard profiled the development of landscape lighting, landscape lighting, lamps installed to protect the landscape and environment, the prevention of lighting the visual impact, in order to beautify the day, under the artistic Lianghua night. This requires installation of lamps because of the structure and system to King, the architectural features to the system, many can not meet the standard lamps is more than required. LED lamps designed flexible, especially for the system to King because of the non-standard lighting design, landscape lighting and visual coordination, beautify the environment to achieve a new level.
Art of Landscape Lighting lamps is itself a development of Visual Arts, and the LED light source can be more creative art of landscape lighting to a higher realm. As the controllable LED good, rich colors, and microelectronic technology intelligent control, to all kinds of ideas can be colourful and exciting joyful rhythm, melody beautiful landscape lighting. Such as: LED lights Perak, Perak than the gas-discharge lamps to be much more longevity, not damaged, and rich
colors. Another example: LED lights winds, just intelligent computer control, we can achieve "No wind at the" rapid rotation, and also enables automatic transmission and for the wonderful color changes. Similar ideas, as long as the inspiration, can achieve.
Lighting sculpture category of development, any of the simulation, bionics, comics, cartoons, commercial, tourism and so on the various lighting sculpture, and sound can be combined LED technology and microelectronics control, when necessary, together with On the mechanical and electrical integration technology, developed to attract people's attention a series of landsca lighting sculptures.
LED lighting landscape of intelligent control technology, LED lighting landscape of intelligent control technology, a digital or analog technology, or computer control technology, for the most compact or embedded systems. Characteristics: high reliability, excellent prices; many changes in patterns; existing single-light control, another group control mode; many non-standard design; long long lamps or more (such as: long-zone, many Wall linear layout) ; LED display technology and a lot of difference. According to the landscaping requirements, changes in control mode, gives to rich and colorful, beautiful melody, rhythm joyful feelings, sometimes to shake the core to give people a strong boost. According to LED controllable, and the characteristics of rich color, color constitute almost unlimited. In accordance with the principles of the three primary colors and gray-scale digital control technology, on the principle of evolution to be almost beyond the arbitrary nature color. For example: three color LED, such as using only two gray-scale control, namely: the dark and can achieve eight kinds of color evolution; Another example: three color LED, a three-gray control, namely: that in the dark, To achieve 27 kinds of color changes; Another example: three color LED, such as the use of the eight digital control of gray, color categories has reached an alarming level, reaching 16.77 million kinds, even the names of every color you are too late Named.
Currently, LED lamps electronic control structure, there are five or more categories: single-light control, light control group, or super-long span of control of lights, noise control, sensor control.
On the performance of life, the silicone can be achieved to extend the service life of white LED target, or even reach more than 40,000 hours of life, but is not really suited to do the lighting on the application of research still needs to be, because the silicone Is a flexible soft material, so in the packaging process, the need to pay special attention to application of the way, from designing the most appropriate application of technology.
For the future of the area, improve white LED light output efficiency will be key to winning the point. White LED production techniques, from a blue LED and a yellow YAG
phosphor mix, developed a simulation of the white target, the use of colour or mixed use of GaN materials, developed a white LED, the applications have already Will be read out in the direction towards a more extensive expansion.
In addition, the luminous efficiency white LED, which has been good in the development of LED lighting promoting the Japan Association goal is to look forward to in 2009 is expected to reach 100 lm / w the luminous efficiency, and in fact, a considerable number of In the industry towards the development of this area, is expected in the next few years, 100 lm / w luminous efficiency can actually commercial applications.
LED micro-electronic control circuit design optimization of the focus is: reliable, the price of distinctions, using common components, sources of wealth. The length or long span of control lights in addition to the above requirements, but also has the following advantages, such as: Shu Shimi, 100 meters and 1,000 meters above the band or linear layout of the point source. Optimal Design of the objectives are: motion control, it is necessary to colourful, bringing amazing visual images, both of transition, have graded, but also to minimize - wire.
LED development of the main issues to be tackled into the LED lighting is new to the area, is of epoch-making significance. However, as with any new technology, LED there are still some areas in urgent need of improvement.
1) research and development of high power LED light source at the international level, Phlips, GE, OSRAN and other big companies have double-spherical HID products, which is currently the world's most advanced high-power HID light sources, especially Phlips company based on this source of sports Venues lamps, lamp efficiency and with very good light curve. Although LED many unique advantages, but this area is blank. High-power density point for the semiconductor LED light source on the principle of LED may be a lot of technical difficulties.
2) the development of high efficiency, high power factor, the price of gifted compact modular power LED, LED power supply is simple, can DC power supply, power supply can pulse. HID no neon lights and a series of high-pressure troubles. At present, the low efficiency of the power supply system, dragged down by the LED, greatly reduced the level of energy. Switching power supply from the 1970s to 20 KHZ the standard has now reached more than 1 MHZ the soft-switch technology, the crux of the problem is how to achieve quality and cheap.
3) the development of new LED mixed light, blending technical LED light source, unit volume is very small, on many occasions clearly merits, but sometimes also shortcomings. Such as: the LED-type light on the plane, there are usually spot-beam and uneven blend phenomenon. At present, the mixed light, blending the question is: mixed light, blended with the uniform level of transparency of contradictions. This issue is also hindered the development of LED, primarily
for materials, the need to capture the landscape LED lamps have a very important practical significance.
To enter the field of LED lighting, lighting technology is a revolutionary leap. LED lighting on the Green's historic contribution to the development, will be silk-ho in line with the times from the tube to the transistor era leap, even as transistors for evaluation by leaps and bounds to the changes in the same large-scale integrated circuits, no exaggeration.
In landscape lighting, LED has a more unique advantages, can be confident that, LED lamps landscape will be more interdisciplinary fusion along the road, toward the arts and intelligent, flexible in the direction of rapid development.
LED在景观照明中的应用
LED光源除了无汞、节能、节材、对环境无电磁干扰、无有害射线五项优点之外，在照明领域中，特别是在景观照明中，还有很多优势。

如：低压供电——无高压环节，为了绝缘的开销要小得多，可靠性高；附件简单——无启动器、镇流器或超高压变压器；结构简单——具有固体光源的最大优点，不充气，无玻璃外壳，无气体密封问题，耐冲击；可控性好——响应时间快（微秒数量级），可反复频繁亮灭，基本无惰性，不会疲倦；色彩纯厚——由半导体PN结自身产生色彩，纯正，浓厚；色彩丰富——三基色加数码技术，可演变任意色彩；轻质结构——节材，节约费用；对灯具强度和刚度要求很低；——体积小巧大的LED 灯具可看成由LED细胞组成，最小的LED仅为平方毫米数量级或更小；柔性化好——LED光源的精巧，使LED能适应各种几何尺寸和不同空间大小的装饰照明要求，诸如：点、线、面、球、异形式，乃至任意艺术造型的灯光雕塑；可见，LED不愧为21世纪绿色照明的骄子。

LED景观装饰灯具研发的特点由于LED具有上述一系列优势，LED在景观灯具的研发方面主要有以下几个方向：园林灯，步道灯，地埋灯，小型射灯，草坪灯，快车道分道地灯，壁灯等。

光源采用LED，并结合变幻控制，可升级对景观的烘托，使其更具艺术品位。

非标异形景观灯具的开发，在景观照明中，灯具安装要保护景观和环境，防止灯具有碍观瞻，要做到白天美化，夜幕下艺术亮化。

这就需要灯具的结构与安装因景制宜，因建筑特色制宜，很多标准灯具是满足不了以上要求的。

LED灯具设计的柔性化，特别适合因景制宜的非标灯具设计，使景观照明与景观协调，达到美化环境的新水平。

艺术化景观灯具开发灯具本身就是一种造型艺术，而LED光源将更能使景观灯具的艺术创意达到更高境界。

由于LED的可控性好，色彩丰富，与微电子技术实现智能化控制，可以构思出各种色彩缤纷、动感节奏欢快、旋律优美的景观灯具。

如：LED霹雳灯，比气体放电型霹雳灯要长寿得多，又不易损坏，而且色彩丰富。

又如：LED风车灯，只需微机智能控制，就可实现“无风时”飞速旋转，并且还能实现自动变速和换色的美妙变幻。

类似这样的构思，只要有灵感，都能实现。

灯光雕塑类的开发，任何仿真的、仿生的、漫画的、卡通的、商业的、旅游的等等的各种灯光雕塑，均可结合LED和声响技术以及微电子控制，必要时还可再加上机电一体化技术，开发出一系列吸引人们眼球的景观灯光雕塑。

LED景观照明的智能化控制技术，LED景观照明的智能化控制技术，属于模拟或数码技术、或微机控制技术领域，多数为紧凑型或嵌入式系统。

特点：可靠性高，价格优；变化花样繁多；既有单灯控制，又有群控模式；非标设计很多；长或超长灯具多（如：长光带，很多壁灯线状布局情况）；与LED显示屏技术有很多不同之处。

根据景观美化的要求，变幻控制模式，给人以丰富多彩，旋律优美，节奏欢快的感受，有时芯至给人以撼动人心的强烈刺激。

根据LED可控性好，色彩丰富的特点，色彩构成几乎无限。

按照三基色原理加数字灰度控制技术，原理上可演变出几乎超越大自然存在的任意色彩。

例如：三基色LED，如只采用二级灰度控制，即：明和暗，可实现８种色彩演变；又如：三基色LED，采用三级灰度控制，即：明、中、暗，可实现27种色彩变幻；再如：三基色LED，如都采用八位数码的灰度控制，色彩种类竟达到了令人吃惊的程度，达1677万种，连每一种颜色的名字你都来不及命名。

目前，LED灯具的电子控制结构，主要有五大类或更多：单灯控制、群灯控制、长或超长跨距灯控制、声响控制、感应控制。

就寿命表现度而言，硅树脂可以达到延长白光LED使用寿命的目标，甚至可以达到4
万小时以上的使用寿命，但是，是不是真的适合用来做照明的应用就还有待研究，因为硅树脂是具有弹性的柔软材料，所以在封装的过程中，需要特别注意应用的方式，而来设计出最适当的应用技术。

对于未来应用的方面，提高白光LED的光输出效率将会是决胜的关键点。

白光LED的生产技术，从过去的蓝色LED和黄色的YAG荧光体的组合，开发出仿真白光的目标，到利用三色混合或者使用GaN材料，开发出白光LED，对于应用来说，已经可以看的出将会朝向更广泛的方向扩展。

另外，白光LED的发光效率，这些年已经有了不错的的发展，日本LED照明推进协会目标是，期望能够预计在2009年达到100lm/w的发光效率，而事实上，有相当多的业者都在朝向这方面开发，所以预计在数年内，100lm/w发光效率就能够实际上商业化应用。

LED微电子控制电路优化设计的焦点在于：可靠、价优，采用通用元器件，来源丰富。

对于长或超长跨距灯的控制除以上要求，还要有以下优点，如：数十米，百米乃至千米以上的光带或线状布局的点光源。

优化设计的目标还有：在运动控制上，要色彩丰富，变幻多姿，既含跳变，又有渐变，同时还要最大限度地减少讯导线。

LED发展中要攻克的主要问题LED进入照明领域是新生事物，具有划时代的意义。

但是，与任何新技术一样，LED还存在一些急需完善的方面。

1）研发LED高功率点光源国际上，Phlips、GE、OSRAN等大公司都有双端的球形HID 产品，这是目前世界上最先进的大功率HID光源，特别是Phlips公司基于这种光源的体育场馆灯具，灯具效率和配光曲线非常优秀。

尽管LED有很多独特的优势，但目前这方面却是空白。

高功率密度的点状光源对用于半导体发光原理的LED可能是一个很大的技术难点。

2）发展高效率、高功率因数、价优的紧凑型模块化LED电源，LED供电简便，既可直流供电，又可脉冲供电。

没有HID和高压霓虹灯的一系列麻烦。

目前，低效率的供电系统，
拖了LED的后腿，节能水平大打折扣。

开关电源从70年代的20KHZ的标准到目前已达到1MHZ 以上的软开关技术，问题关键在于如何做到质优价廉。

3）发展新型L E D混光、混色技术LED光源，单位体积很小，在很多场合明显是优点，但有时又是缺点。

如：在LED平面型光源上，通常出现点状光斑以及混色不均匀现象。

目前，混光、混色存在的问题是：混光、混色的均匀水平与透光率的矛盾。

这个问题也是阻碍LED发展的因素，主要是材料的原因，急待攻克，对LED景观灯具实用性有很重要的意义。

LED进入照明领域，是照明技术的革命性飞跃。

LED对绿色照明发展的历史性贡献，将丝豪不逊于从电子管时代到晶体管时代的飞跃，即使评价为如同晶体管跨越到大规模集成电路的巨变一样，也毫不夸张。

在景观照明方面，LED有着更为独特的优势，可以深信，LED景观灯具将沿着多学科交叉融合的大道，朝着艺术化、智能化、柔性化的方向快速发展。

《生命列车》
The Train Of Life
1.不久以前，我读了一本
书。

书中把人生比作一
次旅行。

2.人生一世，就好比是一
次搭车旅行，要经历无
数次上车、下车; 时常
有事故发生; 有时是意
外惊喜，有时却是刻骨
铭心的悲伤……
3.降生人世，我们就坐上1.Not long ago, I read a
book, in which a man’s
life was compared to a
journey.
2.The life of a man is just
like a hitchhiking，during
which many times we go
up and down. Now and
then things will happen
accidently, some of which
are to be unexpected
excitement，while some
heart-breaking sorrows.
了生命列车。

我们以为
我们最先见到的那两个
人------我们的父母，会
在人生旅途中一直陪伴
着我们。

4.很遗憾，事实并非如此。

他们会在某个车站下
车，留下我们，孤独无
助。

他们的爱、他们的
情、他们不可替代的陪
伴，再也无从寻找。

5.尽管如此，还会有其他
人上车。

他们当中的一
些人将对我们有着特殊
的意义。

6.他们之中有我们的兄弟
姐妹, 有我们的亲朋好
友。

我们还将会体验千
古不朽的爱情故事。

7.坐同一班车的人当中，
有的轻松旅行。

8.有的却带着深深的悲
哀……还有的,在列
车上四处奔忙，随时准
备帮助有需要的3.When first embraced the
world，we are already on
the train of life. We take it
for granted that the first
two persons, our parents,
whom we are encountered
with, will accompany us
all the way.
4.Sadly，things do not go on
as we thought.Our
parents will get off the
train at a certain station，
leaving us, bereft and
helpless.Their love and
emotion to us and their
irreplaceable company
can be found in nowhere.
5.However，there will be
somebody else who will
get on the train. Some of
them will have special
meaning to us.
6.Some of them may be our
siblings , relatives and
friends, and we will also
expereince the
imperishable love.
7.Some of our travelling
companions are quite
light-hearted on the way.
8.While some may bear
immense sorrow.Still
人……
9.很多人下车后，其他旅
客对他们的回忆历久弥
新……但是，也有一
些人，当他们离开座位
时，却没有人察觉。

10.有时候，对你来说情
深义重的旅伴却坐到了
另一节车厢。

你只得远
离他，继续你的旅程。

11.当然，在旅途中，你也
可以摇摇晃晃地穿过自
己的车厢，去别的车厢
找他……
12.可惜，你再也无法坐
在他身旁，因为这个位
置已经让别人给占
了…...
13.没关系。

旅途充满挑
战、梦想、希望、离
别……就是不能回
头。

因此，尽量使旅途
愉快吧！
14.善待旅途上遇见的
所有旅客，找出人们身
some ,back and forth, are
ready to hold out their
hands for others who need
help.
9.Some people alight off the
train, yet they are still
kept in the mind of the
other passengers for
long;some, to the opposite,
leave their seats without
being noticed.
10.S ometimes, the one,who is
dear to your heart, has
huddled into another
carriage. Nothing but one
you can do is just to keep
on going, far away from
him.
11.O f course, during the
journey, you may stagger
to another carriage to
look for him.
12.I t’s a pity that you will
never seat yourself beside
him because the seat has
been engaged by others. 13.N ever mind. The journey
is full of
challenges,dreams, hopes
and departures--- but only
one thing is that you can’t
turn back. So, have a good
上的闪光点。

15.永远记住，在某一段
旅程中，有人会犹豫彷
徨，因为我们自己也会
犹豫彷徨。

16.我们要理解他人，因
为我们需要他人的理
解。

17.生命之谜就是：我们
在什么地方下车？坐在
身旁的伴侣在什么地方
下车？我们的朋友在什
么地方下车？我们无从
知晓……
18.我时常这样想：到我
该下车的时候，我会留
恋吗？我想我还是会
的。

和我的朋友分离，
我会痛苦。

让我的孩子
孤独地前行，我会悲伤。

我执著地希望在我们大
家都要到达的那个终点
站，我们还会相聚……
19.我的孩子们上车时
没有什么行李，如果我
journey with heart and
soul.
14.S how your good-will to all
the passengers you are
encountered with, and
find the merits of theirs.
15.R emeber that someone
may oscillate just as we do
in the journey.
16.W e should understand
others just as we need
others’ understanding. 17.T he enigma of life is：
Where shall we get off the
train of life?And how
about the companions
beside us?And our
friends?We don’t know. 18.S ometimes I think：When
my time comes to get off
the train，shall I miss it？
I think I will.It is a
suffering when I part with
my friends.I will be sorry
for leaving my kids going
alone.I firmly hold that
when we get to the
terminal，we will have
another reunion.
19.W hen my kids get on the
train of life, they have
only little luggage in their
能在他们的行囊中留下
美好的回忆，我会感到
幸福。

20.我下车后，和我同行
的旅客都还能记得我，
想念我，我将感到快慰。

21.献给你, 我生命列车
上的同行者, 祝您旅
途愉快!
travelling bags.
However,if I can leave the
beautiful memory in
them,I will be happy. 20.A fter getting off the train
of life, I will be content if
my fellow passengers will
remember me and miss
me.
21.T o you , the companions
on my train of life.May
you have a good journey!。