英语复习题二

英语复习题DCountry music is one of the most popular kinds of music in the United States today because it is about simple but strong human feelings and events-love, sadness, good times, and bad times. It tells real-life, stories and sounds the way people really talk. As life becomes more complicated(复杂), it is good to hear music about ordinary people.Country music, sometimes called country-western, comes from two kinds of music. One is the traditional music of the people in the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern Unite States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the west. The singers usually play guitars, and in the 1920s they started using electric guitars. At first city people said country music was low class. It was popular mostly in the South. But during World War II, thousands of Southerners went to the Northeast and Midwest to work in the factories. They took their music with them. Soldiers from the rest of the country went to army camps（军营）in the South. They learned country music. Slowly it became popular all over the country.Today country music is also popular everywhere in the United States and Canada—in small towns and in New York City, among black and white, and among educated and uneducated people. About 1, 200 radio stations broadcast country music twenty-four hours a day. English stars sing it in British English, and people in other countries sing it in their own languages. The music that started with cowboys and poor southerners is now popular all over the world.53. It can be learned from the passage that country music comes from .A. the Northeast and MidwestB. factories and army camps in the SouthC. the Appalachian Mountains and the WestD. real-life stories in small towns54. Before World War II country music was popular mainly in .A. the southB. the northC. the MidwestD. the Northeast55. During World War II many Southerners went to the Northeast and the Mid-west because .A. they wanted to take music with themB. they wanted to make other people like country musicC. they wanted to work in the factories thereD. they wanted to make country music popular56. Country music is one of the most popular kinds of music in the world today because .A. city people said it was low classB. people could sing it in many different languagesC. it started with cowboys and poor SouthernersD. it is loved by different kinds of people in the world57. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Country music is about human feelings and events.B. Country music is sung by stars all in English.C. Country music is popular among city people today.D. City people didn’t like country music at first.Corporations, markets, investors, and elites are going global. The globalization that is so often celebrated by economists, pundits (权威), corporate executives, and the leaders of the world’s richest nations is actually their “globalization from above.”Globalization from above can and should be con tested by a “globalization from below” through which people at the grassroots around the world link up to impose their own needs and interests on the process of globalization. A movement embodying globalization from below is already emerging. Its global grassroots solidarity has the power to transform the world. Globalization gets mixed reviews. Greater interconnectedness among the world’s people seems to promise a “global village” in which the destructive opposition of the past can be left behind, replaced by global cooperation and enriching diversity. The advocates of a world without national economic barriers maintain that it will make everyone, including the people and countries at the bottom, better off.But the actual experience of end-of-Mellenium globalization has not fulfilled this promise. Instead, it has given us more poor people than the world has ever known and increased threats to the environmental conditions on which human life itself depends. It has led many to fear the loss of hard-won social and environmental protections and even of meaningful self-government. Globalization from above is provoking a worldwide movement of resistance. While this movement has been gathering for years, many people first became aware of it in late 1999, when tens of thousands of protesters brought the Seattle meeting of the World Trade Organization to a halt. As The New York Times reported, “The surprisingly large protests in Seattle by critics of the World Trade Organization point to the emergence of a new and vo cal coalition” that included “not just steelworkers and auto workers, but anti-sweatshop protesters from colleges across the nation and members of church groups, consumer groups, the Sierra Club, Friends of the Earth and the Humane Society.”This movement is neither a one-shot nor a local phenomenon. As Elaine Bernard, executive director of the Harvard Trade Union Program, put it in the Washington Post, “The WTO meeting was merely the place where these people burst onto the American public’s radar. Social m ovements around the world had already linked into grass-roots networks, made possible by the astonishing speed at which they can communicate in the Internet era.”1. What is the bad effect of globalization from above?A)It ignores the needs and interests of people at the bottom.B)It only helps the privileged people.C)It causes many people to fear the social chaos.D)It deprives of ordinary people’s changing the society.2. The “global village” in this passage refers to ____________.A)the destructive opposition of the past.B)economic unity of the worldC)global cooperation and greater diversity.D)the whole world becoming one village.3. Which of the following is not an actual consequence of end-of-Millenium globalization?A) Loss of social and environmental protection.B) More poor people than ever before.C)Worsening of global environmental conditions.D) Elimination of national economic barriers.4. The word “grassroots” in Line 5, Para 2 most probably means _______________.A) the poorest people in the societyB) the leaders in the governmentC)the economists in the societyD) the ordinary people remote from political decisions5. Which of the following could be the best title for this passage ?__________.A) Globalization is FeasibleB) The Globalization MovementC) The Globalization and EconomyD)Globalization and WTOPassage TwoQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Researchers find brain compartmentalizes dreams in two sleep periods: more aggressive dreams come during early stage of slumber. Your wildest dreams probably start soon after your head hits the pillow.A new study finds that more aggressive, emotionally charged dreams tend to occur in the early, rapid-eye-movement (REM) period of sleep, whereas deeper, non-REM slumber encourages gentler, kinder dreaming. The finding that the brain compartmentalizes dreams into two separate sleep periods may also put to rest the theory that dreams are no more than a meaningless rehash of random images, according to the researchers. “That’s been a very dominant the ory for the past decade, and if our study gets replicated, then the hypothesis that dreams are random and without purpose is refuted,” said lead researcher Patrick McNamara, a professor of neurology at Boston University School of Medicine. Although the two are fundamental human functions, the debate continues as to the exact purpose, if any, of dreaming.As McNamara explained, REM sleep occurs during the first couple of hours as you drift off, whereas non-REM sleep typically makes up the latter six hours in a normal eight-hour sleep cycle. During REM sleep, the brain remains somewhat more active than in non-REM sleep, especially when it comes to the brain’s emotional centers. As part of the experiment, the researchers woke participants during REM or non-REM sleep andhad them verbally record their dreams, thoughts and feelings immediately before being roused from slumber.Specifically, dreams in which the sleeper is being angry or “emotionally aggressive” towards another person were much more common in REM s leep. In fact, these socially aggressive dreams were never found to occur during non-REM sleep throughout the entire study. On the other hand, dreams involving friendly, non-threatening social interactions comprised 90 percent of all “socializing” type dre ams recorded during non-REM sleep, the researchers report. For example, dreams may be the brain’s way of “rehearsing” social interactions,priming people for the emotional challenges to come. McNamara pointed out that certain genes help govern aggressive or passive behaviors, so it might be possible that these genes are more or less active during REM vs. non-REM slumber.The fact that the brain’s emotional centers remain active during the early REM stage of sleep might also encourage emotionally aggressive dreams during that time, said sleep expert Richard Bootzin, of the University of Arizona. Bootzin said McNamara’s study “opens the door to lots of new questions,” but he cautioned that it did have limitations. 6. According to the passage the dreams which seem to be wild happens when you are ___________.A) in your non-REM B) in your REM periodC) extremely tired D) very terrified7. During the first couple of hours, your dreams are mostly __________.A) pleasant and relaxed B) at randomC) gentle and kind D) aggressive and emotional8.Which of the following statements is True?A) People have no idea of what kind of dream they will have when they go to sleep.B) Dreams may have nothing to do with the real life.C)Dreams may have their purposes.D) No one would like to believe in dreams.9. The word “refuted” in Line 11, Para 1 may possibly mean ___________.A) accepted B) founded C) criticized D) mistaken10. What’s the main idea of the passage?A) Finding new ways to help people explain dreams.B) Our dreams have certain regular patterns and have purposes.C)REM and non-REM sleep.D)Brain Movement and Sleep.Section B Short Answer QuestionsDirections: In this section, you will read a passage. After the passage there are 5 questions. Answer these 5 questions in the fewest possible words.Passage ThreeQuestions are based on the following passage.When I consider the relationship between language and economy, I never cease to be surprised to see how few studies exist, and to note the lack of systematic research into language choice, identity and market. Why should this be so? In my opinion, there are several reasons. In the first place, because the arguing relationship between language, identity and politics has dominated (or monopolized) the thinking of scientists and investigators; in second place, because once a linguistic market is in place, through the imposition of a legitimate language by the nation-state, this fact becomes a given, relegating the original symbolic violence to oblivion and intervening in its favor by preaching the need ostensibly to further linguistic exchange and communication and, in third place there is the fact that minority languages are in a state of economic dependence to such an extent that we are hindering from thinking of most of them in terms oflinguistic markets not needing public intervention to sustain them.There is relationship between economy and language that can be discerned, and this has more to do with the political economy of the language. That is, with the principles informing the regulation of the language market. It is this that Bourdieu refers to when he affirms that the official language came into being linked with the State --- both in its genesis and in terms of its social uses. The state language becomes the theoretical norm by which all other linguistic practices are objectively measured. It is during the constitution of the State that the conditions for the creation of a unified linguistic market are created, dominated by the official language: obligatory on official occasions, and in official places (schools, public administration, political institutions, etc.), and it is in this way that the state language becomes the theoretical norm by which all linguistic practices are objectively measured. It is assumed that no one is ignorant of linguistic law, which has its body of legal experts, its grammars, and its agents of control. The latter are the school teachers, invested with a special power: that of universally examining and applying the legal sanction of the school diploma to the linguistic results of the speaker-subjects under their protection.11.According to the passage, what shocked the author?I was surprised to see how few studies exist, and to note the lack of systematic research into language choice, identity and market.12. The thinking of scientists and investigators has been dominated by _the arguing relationship between language, identity and politics______.13. What’s the state of minority language in comparison to state language?minority languages are in a state of economic dependence to such an extent that we are hindering from thinking of most of them in terms of linguistic markets not needing public intervention to sustain them.14.How is the official language linked with the state?The state language becomes the theoretical norm by which all other linguistic practices are objectively measured.15.What is an official language?It is obligatory on official occasions, and in official places (schools, public administration, political institutions, etc.), and it is in this way that the state language becomes the theoretical norm by which all linguistic practices are objectively measured.Section C Fast ReadingDirections: In this section, you will read a passage. After the passage, there are some statements. Decide which statement is true and which statement is false. Write T for true and F for false after each statement.Passage FourQuestions are based on the following passage.Culture has been defined as “the sum of attitudes, customs, and b eliefs that distinguishes one group of people from another.” We are all members of many groups. With each membership, we encounter a unique culture. There is the culture of citizenship, family and church culture, ethnic culture, and many more. “Cross culture” suggests that multiple memberships produce a cross-breed of defining features taken from each unique group to form something altogether distinct and yet wholly dependent for its existence on the sum of the parts. That is one option and would quite possibly make for an interesting article. But such is not the intent of this author.The cross I refer to is described by The Random House College Dictionary as, “a structure consisting essentially of an upright and a transverse piece, upon which persons wer e formerly put to death.” Those who believe in Jesus of Nazareth, His death at the hand of the Romans, and more importantly, His resurrection, are defined by the culture of the cross. At the foot of the cross, we are confident of truth and of our ability to know it.We believe we may seek and find the truth.To undertake, along with a discussion of cross culture, a discussion of the “culture of unbelief,” presumes that there is a group of people who are defined, not by what they accept or reject as true, but by the fact that they do not consider truth as something that may be known. This is, in many ways, a description of our generation. The experts tell us it is no longer a matter of “which truth” but “if truth,” and we believe the experts.The two cultures, of unbelief and of the cross, while diametrically opposed, are intimately related: one picks up where the other ends. We started NeoPolitique because we grew weary of hearing that truth eludes us; that we may, at best, have only shifting shades of meaning. Our quest for answers in NeoPolitique– answers for this generation –begins with a belief that truth exists. The new politics includes a confidence in authority and a belief that it can be directed and properly limited according to an unwavering standard of truth.The Scriptures say that “the word of the cross is to those who are perishing, foolishness, but to those who are being saved it is the power of God.” If your first response to the culture of the cross is mockery, look deeper. Don’t stop w ith ridicule. Consider for a moment that the words are true, that the appearance of foolishness is evidence of perishing, and “Seek the Lord while he may be found; call on him while he is near.” You may decide, at the end of your search, that you do not li ke what you turn up. But, if you merely accept the noise of post-modern culture, which says there is no truth, you surrender your power to choose.True or False16. The author intends to give an interesting presentation about culture differences.T17The cross is a symbol of belief and truth for those who believe in Jesus.T18. The culture of our generation is defined by experts as unbelief.F19. NeoPolitique is based on the belief that governments often abuse power withoutlimit.F20 We should strive to find out the truth instead of standing aside with doubt TGlobalization has been fostered by technological progress, which is reducing the costs of transportation and communications between countries. Dramatic falls in the cost of telecommunications, of processing, storing and transmitting information, make it much easier to track down and close on business opportunities around the world, to coordinate operations in far-flung locations, or to trade online services that previously were not internationally tradable at all.It may not be surprising (though it is not very helpful) that “globalization” is sometimes used in a much broader economic sense, as another name for capitalism or the market economy. When used in this sense the concerns expressed are really about key features of the market economy, such as production by privately-owned and profit-motivated corporations, frequent reshuffling of resources according to changes in supply and demand, and unpredictable and rapid technological change. It is certainly important to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the market economy as such, and to better understand the institutions and policies needed to make it work most effectively. And societies need to think hard about how to best manage the implications of rapid technological change. But there is little to be gained by confusing these distinct (though related) issues with economic globalization in its core sense, that is, the expansion of cross-border economic ties.The best way to deal with the changes being brought about by the international integration of markets for goods, services and capital is to be open and honest about them. As this series of Briefs note, globalization brings opportunities, but it also brings risks. While exploiting the opportunities for higher economic growth and better living standards that more openness brings, policy makers — international, national and local —also face the challenge of mitigating the risks for the poor, vulnerable andmarginalized, and of increasing equity and inclusion.Even when poverty is falling overall, there can be regional or sectoral increases about which society needs to be concerned. Over the last century the forces of globalization have been among those that have contributed to a huge improvement in human welfare, including raising countless millions out of poverty. Going forward, these forces have the potential to continue bringing great benefits to the poor, but how strongly they do so will also continue to depend crucially on factors such as the quality of overall macroeconomic policies, the workings of institutions, both formal and informal, the existing structure of assets, and the available resources, among many others. In order to arrive at fair and workable approaches to these very real human needs, government must listen to the voices of all its citizens.1.Which of the following statements is NOT a factor that makes globalization easier to track down around the world?A) the great decrease of the cost of telecommunicationsB) reducing the cost of transportationC)processing, storing and transmitting informationD)technological progress2. When globalization is used for capitalism or the market economy, it refers to________.A)profit-motivated corporationsB)key features of the market economyC)frequent reshuffling of resourcesD)unpredictable and rapid technological change3. The most efficient approach to coping with the changes caused by the internationalintegration of markets is to ________.A)manage the implications of rapid changeB)bring more opportunitiesC)increase equity and inclusionD)be open and honest4. The word “mitigating” in Line 7 Para 3 most probably refers to ____________.A) reducing B) becoming more severeC) relieving D) limiting5. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage?A)Technology Progress and Market EconomyB)Globalization, Market Economy and PovertyC)Reasons of GlobalizationD)Pros and Cons for GlobalizationPassage TwoQuestions are based on the following passage.Immigration always has been controversial in the United States. More than two centuries ago, Benjamin Franklin worried that too many German immigrants would swamp America’s predominantly British culture. In the mid-1800s, Irish immigrants were scorned as lazy drunks, not to mention Roman Catholics. At the turn of the century a wave of “new immigrants” — Poles, Italians, Russian Jews — were believed to be too different ever to assimilate into American life. Today the same fears are raised about immigrants from Latin America and Asia, but current critics of immigration are as wrong as their counterparts were in previous eras.Immigration is not undermining the American experiment; it is an integral part of it. America is a nation of immigrants. Successive waves of immigrants have kept the country demographically young, enriched the culture and added to productive capacity as a nation, enhancing the influence in the world. Immigration gives the United States aneconomic edge in the world economy. Immigrants bring innovative ideas and entrepreneurial spirit to the U.S. economy. They provide business contacts to other markets, enhancing America’s ability to trade and invest profitably in the global economy. They keep our economy flexible, allowing U.S. producers to keep prices down and to respond to changing consumer demands. An authoritative 1997 study by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) concluded that immigration delivered a “significant positive gain” to the U.S. economy. In testimony before Congress last year, Federal Reserve Board Chair man Alan Greenspan said, “I’ve always argued that this country has benefited immensely from the fact that we draw people from all over the world.”Contrary to popular myth, immigrants do not push Americans out of jobs. Immigrants tend to fill jobs that Americans cannot or will not fill, mostly at the high and low ends of the skill spectrum. Immigrants are disproportionately represented in such high-skilled fields as medicine, physics and computer science, but also in lower-skilled sectors such as hotels and restaurants, domestic service, construction and light manufacturing. Immigrants also raise demand for goods as well as the supply. During the long boom of the 1990s, and especially in the second half of the decade, the national unemployment rate fell below 4 percent and real wages rose up and down the income scale during a time of relatively high immigration.Nowhere is the contribution of immigrants more apparent than in the high-technology and other knowledge-based sectors. Silicon Valley and other high-tech sectors would cease to function if we foolishly were to close our borders to skilled and educated immigrants. These immigrants represent human capital that can make our entire economy more productive. Immigrants have developed new products, such as the Java computer language, that have created employment opportunities for millions of Americans.6. What does the word “swamp” in Line 3 Para. 1 probably mean?A) soak in the water B) flood to a large extentC) overwhelm D) compete with each other7. What is the author’s attitude toward the critics of immigration?A)Negative B) Positive C) Indifferent D) Ironical8. Which of the following statements is Not True according to the passage?A) Immigration is a necessary part for the American experiment.B)Immigrants have increased the productivity of U.S.C)Immigrants bring original ideas to the U.S. economy.D)Immigration is actually damaging the American experiment.9. What contributions do immigrants make to the Americans?A)Immigrants fill jobs only at the high and low ends of the skill range.B)Immigrants help Americans build the country in every sector.C)Immigrants push Americans out of job in the high-tech area.D)Immigrants have kept the country demographically young.10. The most obvious sector which can embody the contribution of immigrants should be________.A)human capital sectorB)sector which can create employment opportunitiesC)medicine and computer scienceD)high-tech sector。