非谓语动词的七大原则

原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式 （根据情况可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式） 14._____ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. （2005湖北卷） A. Being separated B. Having separated C.Having been separated D. to be separated 【解析】因为 Australia 与 separate 是被动关系，且 separate 发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用-ing的完成被动式作原因状语。 15. The manager，_____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us， left the meeting room. （2005江西卷） left A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making 【解析】因为 The manager 与 make 是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用-ing的完成式作状语， having made ... 相当于 who had made... 的意思。
1. to do 2.-ing 3.done
找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）
1. Alice returned from the manager’s office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once. 2. The news conference, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. Having reached the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind. 4. He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now. 5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. 6. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. 7. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers bought by her mother. 8. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词
1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则 2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤
一.非谓语动词的 七大经典原则
英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则
原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式 原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词 原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式 原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。 原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主 语保持一致 原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成 式 原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作 尚未发生; 用-ing，表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词，表示动 作已经发生，同时表示被动意义
【解析】根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被 动式，因此 可排除 B 和 C。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作在 当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A。
10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed seat vt. C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
－ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别： 作伴随状语的－ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且 前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比 谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。
用括号里的词的适当形式填空
1. Write to the editor, ________ that the editor hoping would be able to help her．（ hope ） 2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _________ on a big rock．( rest ) to rest
2. _____ this cake， you’ll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.（2006广东卷） A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
原则二： 用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.
3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _____， and asked myself what I was going to do. (2007湖南卷) A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved
I seated myself. and close 之间存在逻辑 【解析】of 后应接-ing，desks 与open fix one’s eyes =I was seated. 上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选-ing的被动式表正
在被进行的动作。
=I sat down
upon…
7.He hurried to the station, only ______ that the train had left. (2005广东卷) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。
3.The secretary worked late into night , preparing ______ a long speech. ( prepare ) To keep 4. ___________ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )
原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是， 一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。 不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。 5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_____ in the natural light during the day. （2007天津卷） A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 【解析] 此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。 如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。 6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_____ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. （2005山东卷） A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
(be) faced with…
13. While watching television，_____. （2005全国卷III） A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 【解析】因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项 A 和 B ；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式， 所以选项 D 中的 rings 是错误的。
sitting
原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主语保持一致.
12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_____. （2006陕西卷） faced with A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John
原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式
1. When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight. （2007江西卷） A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以 要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。另外，由于“他”与“训练” 为被动关系，故选 D。 to catch up the first bus. 如：She got up very early to catch up the first bus.
11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _______ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_____upon her. his eyes A. seating; fixing B. to seat; fixing C.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixed
8. He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all He the tickets had been sold out. （2006陕西卷） A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。 但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动 式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式. 9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _____. （2007浙江卷） A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard
【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时持续了一会 listen to … do/doing … 儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动， 心想自己该怎么办。 4. He sat _____ to her ______ the stairs. A. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb C. listening; climb D. listening; to climbing 【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的，所以用-ing 作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带to的不定式/-ing作宾补。