U1直接引语,间接引语

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(完整版)英语语法----直接引语和间接引语

(完整版)英语语法----直接引语和间接引语

英语语法----直接引语和间接引语一、 定义:1、 直接引语:使用引号引出别人的原话。

2、间接引语:用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。

二、 直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语变间接引语时,要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化。

1、 人称变化口诀如下:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。

“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I ,me ,my ,mine ,we ,us ,our ,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。

“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you ,your ,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。

“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he ,him ,his ,she ,her ,hers,it ,its,they,their ,theirs ,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。

一随主:He said , “I like it very much.” 他说:“我非常喜欢它”。

→liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。

(I 改为he, it 不变)二随宾:He said, “You told me this story.”他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。

”→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。

(本句中宾语是me ,所以You 改为I , me 改为him, told 改为had told)She said to Mary ,”How do you ?”go to work everyday?” →She asked Mary how she went to work everyday. 第三人称不更新:He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room ”.他对我说:“她把书放在你的房间里去了。

高一英语讲义:Unit 1 Friendship直接引语 间接引语(陈述句和疑问句)

高一英语讲义:Unit 1 Friendship直接引语 间接引语(陈述句和疑问句)

高一英语专题:Unit 1 Friendship 直接引语间接引语(陈述句和疑问句)(一)【必背词汇、短语】1. add up 合计2. upset vt&vi 弄翻,使…不安,使心烦,扰乱adj. 心烦意乱的,不舒服的,不适的,难过的.3. ignore不理睬、忽视4. calm (使)平静、(使)镇定calm down 平静/镇定下来5. have got to 不得不、必须6. concern (使)担忧、涉及、关系到be concerned about…关心,挂念7. go through 经历、经受8. set down 记下、放下、登记9. a series of 一系列10. on purpose 故意11. in order to 为了……12. at dusk 在黄昏时刻13. face to face 面对面地14. no longer/not…any longer 不再……15. settle 安家、定居、停留16. suffer 遭受、忍受、经历17. suffer from 遭受、患病18. recover 痊愈、恢复、重新获得19. get/be tired of 对……厌烦20. pack 捆扎,包装/包裹21. pack (sth) up 将(东西)装箱打包22. get along with 与……相处23. fall in love 爱上24. disagree 不同意25. join in 参加(二)【必背重点句型】1.It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face.(从句时态用完成时)这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。

2. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(强调句)我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。

人教版高一英语--直接引语与间接引语的转换

人教版高一英语--直接引语与间接引语的转换

语法专项—直接引语与间接引语一、直接引语在引用别人的原话时,被引用的句子称为直接引语(direct speech)。

引起引语的词称为引用动词(reporting verbs)。

“I remember I had seen you.”I said.“I rang the bell,”James said,“and your maid let me in.”“I know that.”replied Mrs. Green.二、间接引语当人们用自己的话报导别人的话时,被报导的部分称为间接引语(indirect speech),也可称作引语结构(report structure)。

Mary said she had already seen the film.He replied that he was going by train.这时被引用部分常常是引用动词的宾语。

除了say, reply这类词外,还有很多动词可跟这种从句。

He felt he had to do something.She guessed that he had gone to town.He thought she was worried.He explained that the train wasn’t running.在使用间接引语时要注意下面几点:1.引语前一般要用连词that。

在个别动词后(如say, tell等)或在口语中可省略。

He told his mother that the boy was very naughty.He says he can’t wait another day.2.要根据意思改变人称。

“I’ve got your letter,” she said.→She said to him, “Your pronunciation is better than mine.”→3.引语中的谓语要和句子主要谓语在时态上一致。

直接引语与间接引语

直接引语与间接引语

直接引语与间接引语直接引语和间接引语是我们在日常交流和写作中经常用到的两种引述方式。

它们有着不同的特点和用法,正确运用直接引语和间接引语可以使语言更加精确、生动,并表达出说话者的态度和情感。

本文将探讨直接引语和间接引语的定义、区别以及运用技巧。

一、直接引语直接引语是将某人的原话完全引述出来,并使用引号将其括起来的一种引述方式。

直接引语能够直接体现说话者的口语风格、语气和情感,使读者能够更加直观地感受到原话的真实力量。

在书面表达中,直接引语通常用于引用名言警句、对话场景以及个人口述等情况。

下面是一些直接引语的例子:1. 他说道:“成功的关键是坚持不懈。

”2. "这是我最喜欢的一本书,"他回答道。

3. "请你给我一些建议,"她请求道。

在使用直接引语时,需要注意以下几点:1. 引用的原话需要用引号括起来。

2. 需要保持原话的准确性,不得对原话进行删除、添加或改动。

3. 引用部分的标点符号通常放在引号内,根据具体情况可以省略或保留。

4. 引用部分的首字母应该与原文大小写保持一致。

二、间接引语间接引语是将某人的原话或观点转述出来,不需要使用引号,而是通过连接词和动词变换来表达。

间接引语能够将原话进行适当的概括、调整和整合,使句子更加流畅、准确,并符合正式的书面语言要求。

在书面表达中,间接引语通常用于报道新闻、讲述过去发生的事情以及引用他人研究成果等情况。

下面是一些间接引语的例子:1. 他说成功的关键是坚持不懈。

2. 他回答说这是他最喜欢的一本书。

3. 她请求他给一些建议。

在使用间接引语时,需要注意以下几点:1. 引述的内容不需要用引号括起来。

2. 需要将原文的意思转述出来,但不要逐字逐句地复制。

3. 可以使用适当的连词和动词变换来使句子更加流畅。

三、直接引语与间接引语的区别直接引语和间接引语的主要区别在于书写形式和表达方式。

直接引语是将原话完全引述出来,并使用引号括起来,能够直接展示出原话的口语风格和情感;间接引语是将原话或观点转述出来,通过连接词和动词变换来表达,使句子更加准确、流畅。

必修一unit1直接引语和间接引语

必修一unit1直接引语和间接引语

Unit1 Friendship语法直接引语和间接引语概念引入:我们先看下面的句子:1.John said, “I'm going to London with my father.”约翰说:“我要和父亲到伦敦去。

”2.She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"她说:“你经常来这儿看报吗?3.I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"我问他:“你今晚是待在家还是去看电影?”从上述例句看出:引号内是直接引用别人的原话,这种句子为直接引语。

1.John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。

2.She asked me if (whether)I often went there to read newspapers.她问我是否经常去那儿看报。

3.I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.我问他那天晚上是待在家还是去看电影。

从第二组的例句看出,都是别人的原话进行了转述。

在转述中,人称、时态、代词、时间状语的表达都有所变化。

用法讲解课文原句回放1. “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne. (Direct speech)安妮说:“我不想在日记中记流水账。

”Anne sa id that she didn’t want to set dow n a series of facts in a diary. (Indirect speech)安妮说她不想在日记中记流水账。

直接引语和间接引语精讲

直接引语和间接引语精讲

直接引语和间接引语精讲一. 直接引语和间接引语完全按照原句或原段逐字引述,被引述的部分叫做直接引语。

间接引语是用引述人的语言把被引述的原话内容转述出来。

引述时,原话中的人称代词、物主代词、动词时态以及指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等都要有相应的变化。

(一)人称代词和物主代词的转变一般间接引语的主述人是第三者向其他人转述,因此由直接引语变成间接引语时,人称代词和物主代词有下面的转变:直接引语间接引语I he/ sheMe him/ herwe theyus themyou he/ she/ they/ him/ her/ themmy his/ hermine his/ hersour theirours theirsyour his / theiryours his/ theirs例如:He said, “I have lost my umbrella.”He said that he had lost his umbrella.She said, “The book on the table is mine.”She said the book on the table was hers.但是,如果引述人不同或具体情况不同,人称代词和物主代词的转变也随之不同。

“I know,” said Crawley, “but I love to hear you say it.”1. Crawley answered that he knew, but he loved to hear me say it.2. I (Crawley) answered that I knew but I loved to hear him/ her say it.3. 第三者转述a. 第三者转告其他人Crawley answered that he knew but he loved to hear him/ her say it.b. 第三者提醒听话者Crawley answered that he knew but he loved to hear you say it.c. 第三者复述给说话者You (Crawley) answered that you knew, but you loved to hear him/ her say it.(二)时态的转变1. 主句的时态是过去时,直接引语的谓语动词按照时态一致的原则,在变成间接引语时做如下的变化:直接引语间接引语现在一般时态过去一般时态过去一般时态过去完成时态将来一般时态过去一般将来时态现在进行时态过去进行时态过去进行时态过去完成进行时态将来进行时态过去将来进行时态现在完成时态过去完成时态过去完成时态过去完成时态将来完成时态过去将来完成时态现在完成进行时态过去完成进行时态过去完成进行时态过去完成进行时态将来完成进行时态过去将来完成进行时态例如“I am afraid that arguments don‟t make a difference..”said he with a smile.He said with a smile that he was afraid that arguments didn‟t make a difference.So he sai d to me, “You don‟t know what you are talking about.”So he said to me I didn‟t know what I was talking about.“I did not suppose that you had done it on purpose.” she said.She said that she had not supposed that he had done it on purpose.“I have won the match already.” claimed my friend.My friend claimed that he had won the match already.I said,“I shall be there.”I said I should be there.2. 主句谓语动词虽然是过去时,但在下面情况中间接引语的谓语动词时态不变。

直接引语与间接引语

直接引语与间接引语

直接引语与间接引语引语在我们的日常交流和写作中有着重要的作用,它可以用来引述他人的观点、论述事实或者增加文章的可信度。

在引语的使用中,我们常常会遇到直接引语和间接引语的区别。

本文将详细解释这两者的定义、用法以及在不同语境中的运用。

一、直接引语的定义与用法直接引语指的是将别人的原话一字不差地引述出来,使用引号将其包裹。

在直接引语中,人们通常使用感叹号、问号或逗号来标点,并将引语和主体内容分开,以增加可读性和准确性。

直接引语的主要用法如下:1. 引述别人的话例如:“我喜欢读书。

”他说道。

在这个例子中,我们直接引用了某人的原话,准确传递了他的观点或态度。

2. 描述对话或言论例如:小明看着小红,说道:“你今天的衣服真好看。

”这种用法常表达人物之间的对话或某人发表的言论。

二、间接引语的定义与用法间接引语是将别人的原话用自己的话进行转述,不使用引号,通常发生在复述他人意见或总结他人言论的情境中。

间接引语的主要用法如下:1. 引述别人的话例如:她告诉我她喜欢读书。

在这个例子中,我们通过间接引语的方式准确地传达了某人的原话,而非一字不差地进行引述。

2. 描述对话或言论例如:小红告诉小明,她觉得自己今天的衣服非常漂亮。

这种用法常表达人物之间的对话或某人发表的言论,以间接引语的方式加以说明。

三、直接引语与间接引语的转换有时候我们需要将直接引语转换为间接引语或将间接引语转换为直接引语,这取决于文体要求、句子的语法结构以及引语的具体用途。

在进行转换时,我们需要注意以下几点:1. 时态转换当将直接引语转换为间接引语时,我们需要根据句子的时态变化来调整动词的形式。

一般来说,如果直接引语中的动词是一般现在时,则在间接引语中需要转换为相应的过去时态。

2. 代词变化当进行转换时,我们需要根据引语的人称和数量来调整相应的代词。

例如,第一人称代词"我"在转换为间接引语时需要改为"他/她/他们/她们"。

高一语法-直接引语和间接引语

高一语法-直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。

用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。

间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。

直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。

1. 陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。

在这一方面,汉语和英语有许多相似之处,因此,在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时,要特别注意句子的意义。

1)人称的变化a) He said, “I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.b) He saidto me, “I've left my book in your roomHe told me that he had left his book in my room.2)时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。

如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化。

时态的变化一般现在时→一般过去时He said, “I'm afraid I can't finish this work.”He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish that work.现在进行时→过去进行时He said, “I'm using theknife.”He said that he was using the knife.现在完成时→过去完成时She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般过去时→过去完成He said, “I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时不变He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.3) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化:this-thatShe said, “Iwill come this morning."She said that she would go that morning.these-thoseHe said, "These books are mine."He said that those books were his.now-thenHe said, "It is nine 0'clock now."He said that it was nine 0'clock then.today-that dayHe said, "I haven't seen her today."He said that he hadn't seen her that day.yesterday-the day beforeshe said, "I went there yesterday."She said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrow-the next (following) dayshe said, "I'll go there tomorrow."She said that she would go there the next (following) day.here-therecome-go*注:(1)直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。

U1-U2 直接引语变间接引语知识点

U1-U2 直接引语变间接引语知识点

Unit 1-2 Grammar Direct speech & Indirect speech引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话, 把它放在引号内,这叫直接引语(Direct speech);一是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语(Indirect speech)。

一、人称的变化直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称,变间接引语时,人称要做相应调整。

(跟汉语习惯完全相同!)1. She said, “I am hungry.”She said she was hungry.2. Mum said to me, “You can do it yourself.”Mum told me that I could do it myself.3. Mr. Smith said, “He is a good worker.’’Mr. Smith said that he was a good worker.二、时态变化直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要根据主句的时态变化。

1.主句为现在时或将来时的时候, 间接引语时态不变,但需根据从句主语变为相应形式。

He says, “I treat you as my son.”He says that he treats me as his son.(第三人称单数)2. 当主句为过去时, 从句谓语要往前推一个时态!!三、其他变化四、宾语从句:宾语为句子的复合句五、语序与引导词(1)一般疑问句、反义疑问句变间接引语时,要用陈述语序,并加连词if或whether(2)特殊疑问句变间接引语时,要用陈述语序,保留特殊疑问词引导(3)祈使句变间接引语时,要用陈述语序,借助动词不定式Ⅰ. 肯定形式:根据语境要变为ask / tell / advise sb. to do sth. 的结构Ⅱ. 否定形式:don’t 要变为not to do 的结构Ⅲ. 表请求:Please,will/would/Can/Could you…?要变为ask的结构,再根据具体情况变化人称时态等Ⅳ. 表建议:Let’s……?要变为suggest that sb. (should) do的结构六、由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1. 不变的真理The teacher said, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.”→ The teacher said that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.2. 经常的习惯:He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.”→ He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3. 直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用:The teacher said, “The baby was born in 2010.”→ The teacher said the baby was born in 2010.4. 部分情态动词, 如: must, ought to, used to, had better 等。

英语直接引语与间接引语

英语直接引语与间接引语

英语直接引语与间接引语直接引语和间接引语是英语中常见的引述他人说话或思想的方式。

在书写中,我们需要了解如何正确地使用和引用直接引语和间接引语。

以下是关于英语直接引语和间接引语的详细介绍。

一、直接引语直接引语是将原话使用引号直接援引出来并照原样呈现的方式。

在引用直接引语时,需要使用适当的标点符号、引号和动词。

例如:1. 她说:“我很喜欢这本书。

”2. “你什么时候回来?”他问道。

3. “我会帮助你的。

”他向我保证道。

在直接引语中,引号需要紧贴引文,句号或其他标点符号则放在引号之内。

动词通常在引语之后的逗号或冒号之前使用。

需要注意的是,当某人的原话跨越多个段落时,只需要在首次引用时使用引号,其他段落之前不再使用引号。

二、间接引语间接引语是通过转述或改写原话的方式来引述他人的说话或思想。

在间接引语中,不需要使用引号,而是通过动词的变化来呈现原话。

例如:1. 她说她很喜欢那本书。

2. 他问我什么时候回来。

3. 他向我保证会帮助我。

在使用间接引语时,需要将原话改写成陈述句,并修改人称和动词的时态,以适应引述者的身份。

对于引述他人的提问,需要将原问句改写成陈述句。

需要注意的是,间接引语中不需要使用句号或其他标点符号。

三、引用动词在使用直接引语或间接引语时,我们需要使用适当的引用动词。

以下是常见的引用动词:1. 说(said)例如:“我很喜欢这本书。

”她说道。

2. 问(asked)例如:“你什么时候回来?”他问道。

3. 回答(answered)例如:“我会帮助你的。

”他回答道。

4. 告诉(told)例如:“明天会下雨。

”他告诉我。

5. 表示(expressed)例如:“我对这个决定感到满意。

”她表示。

需要根据具体情境选择合适的引用动词,并根据时态和人称进行变化。

总结:英语直接引语和间接引语是引述他人说话或思想的两种常见方式。

在使用直接引语时,需要使用引号和适当的标点符号,并在引语之后使用适当的动词。

而在使用间接引语时,需要将原话改写成陈述句,并通过动词的变化来呈现原话。

Unit1语法(直接引语和间接引语)

Unit1语法(直接引语和间接引语)


When seeing the stone, the car stopped.【误】
必修1
【链接训练】 ________, the disease diphtheria(白喉) will produce a
powder poison that will kill the patient.
A.If it untreated C.If being untreated 【解析】 B.If is untreated D.If untreated
必修1
Young as I am,I already know what career I want to follow.(引导让步状语从句) 尽 管 很年轻 ,我已经知道我要追求什么样的事业 。 Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to?(引导方式 状语从句) 你为什么没照我说的那样赶上最后一班公交车? As you weren't there,I left a message.(引导原因状语从 句)你不在那儿,所以我留了个口信。
必修1
(2)“介词with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成的复合结构 在句子中通常作状语,表示时间、伴随、行为方式、原因或 条件等,另外,该结构也可以作后置定语。 She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地跑,汗珠顺着脸流了下来。
一、把直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意以下变化:
1.主句谓语动词的变化 (1)直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,主句的谓语 动词部分said to sb.要变为told sb.。 (2)直接引语是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,变为间接引 语时,主句的谓语动词said要变为asked。

高中英语 U1语法直接引语和间接引语课件 新人教必修1

高中英语 U1语法直接引语和间接引语课件 新人教必修1
He asked me
“What do you think of the film?” She asked her friend.
She asked her friend
which room
I
lived in
what
she
thought of
the film
.பைடு நூலகம்
.
3.直接引语是选择疑问句,变间接引语时, 引导词: whether/if …or 语序:陈述句语序 句尾标点:随主句标点
4. Where are you going for vacation, Tony? I asked Tony 5. Do you remember his birthday? She asked 6. “What can I do for you?” he asked me. He asked me 7. “Are you interested in English?” he said. He asked
He told us,“I want this blue one.”
He told us ____________________________.
She said to me, “You can’t do anything now.”
She told me ____________________________.
I was/am
his
was
1. Mary asked, “Could you help me cook dinner?” Mary asked me 2. He asked, “Why are you so late for school, Jimmy?” He asked Jimmy 3. Will you tell me the answer to this question? She asked

新课标人教版高一英语必修一U1Friendship直接引语间接引语语法讲解与练习

新课标人教版高一英语必修一U1Friendship直接引语间接引语语法讲解与练习

适用文案高一英语必修一U1 语法专题直接引语和间接引语 (1)Name: _______________ Tel:_______________ Warming up:一、观点1.直接引语:当我们引用他人的话语时,假如引用的是原话,被引用的部分就叫作直接引语。

The teacherasked,“ Do you like English?”The girl said,“ I like English very much.”[注意 ]引语前常使用逗号,而不是冒号;引号内直接引语的第一个单词的首字母要大写。

2.间接引语:当我们要引用他人的话语时,能够用自己的话把意思转述过来,被转述的部分就叫作间接引语。

The teacher asked the girl if she liked English.The girl said that she liked English very much.[注意 ]间接引语不用逗号、引号;间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地址状语和指示代词等的变化。

二、直接引语和间接引语之间的变换规则1.人称的变化直接引语变为间接引语时,人称代词要依据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。

[巧学助记 ] 直接引语变间接引语人称变化口诀:“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。

”(1)一“随主”。

指在直接引语变间接引语时,假如从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要依据主句中主语的人称而变化。

(2)二“随宾”。

指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。

假如引号外的主句没有宾语,也能够用第一人称。

(3)第“三人称不更新”。

指直接引语变间接引语时,假如从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。

2.时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时,动词变化以下表:直接引语间接引语一般此刻时一般过去时此刻进行时过去进行时句子此刻达成时过去达成时时态一般过去时过去达成时过去达成时过去达成时 (不变 )一般未来时过去未来时①He said, “The film had begun when I got to the cinema.”→He said that the film had begun when he got to the cinema.例句②I asked the teacher,“When shall we have our sports meeting?”→I asked the teacher when we should have our sports meeting.[点津 ]在下边几种状况中,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态不发生变化。

人教版高中英语必修一知识点整理

人教版高中英语必修一知识点整理

~1. 语法:直接引语和间接引语(1)陈述句和疑问句friendship2.阅读及语言点:a.Anne’s best friend3.写作:建议信4.巩固练习Period2: language pointsPeriod3: using languagePeriod4:writingPeriod5:quiz语法直接引语和间接引语1. 直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。

eg: “I broke your CD player.” (一般过去时改成过去完成时)He told me he had broken my CD player.Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”(现在完成时改成过去完成时)Jenny said she had lost a book.Mum said, “I’ll go to see a friend.”(一般将来时改成过去将来时)Mum said she would go to see a friend.过去完成时保留原有的时态He said, “We hadn’t finished our homework.”He said they hadn’t finished their homework.注意直接引语是客观真理,过去进行时,时态不变。

2.在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。

如:Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”Mary said her brother was and engineer.3.直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。

如:He said, “Can you run, Mike?”He asked Mike whether/if he could run.4. 直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等) * (not) to do sth.”句型。

高中语法要点直接引语与间接引语

高中语法要点直接引语与间接引语

高中语法要点直接引语与间接引语高中语法要点:直接引语与间接引语引言:语法是语言的骨架,掌握语法要点是学好语言的基础。

本文将重点介绍高中语法中的一个重要内容:直接引语与间接引语。

一、直接引语与间接引语的定义直接引语是指在书写过程中直接引述他人的原话,直接引用对方的语句,一般使用引号括起来。

而间接引语则是将他人的原话进行转述、转化为自己的话语,不再直接引用原句,并且不使用引号。

二、直接引语的使用及注意事项1. 标点符号:直接引语句子的末尾以及引语前后的标点符号使用原则如下:a. 如果直接引语是一个完整的句子,那么引句的结尾应使用句号,并放在引号内。

b. 如果直接引语之前是一个完整的句子,引语后的标点应在引号外。

c. 如果直接引语是一个部分句子,则引句的结尾应使用逗号,并放在引号之内。

d. 如果直接引语之后还有自己的句子继续接下去,那么引语后的标点应在引号外。

2. 引号的使用:在直接引语中,我们使用双引号来标示直接引语的内容。

当直接引语中出现引号时,使用单引号来标示。

3. 动词时态的改变:在直接引语转为间接引语时,时态的变化是一个必须注意的问题。

通常情况下,直接引语中的动词时态都要向后推一个时态。

4. 人称的转换:在直接引语转为间接引语时,人称的转换也是需要考虑的关键点。

一般来说,第一人称转变为第三人称,第二人称根据具体情况变为第三人称或者发生变化。

三、间接引语的使用及注意事项1. 引语的形式:在使用间接引语的时候,我们使用诸如“他说”、“他告诉我”等引言动词来引出间接引语。

2. 引语中的改变:在将直接引语转换为间接引语时,需要注意以下几点:a. 转述引语的时态、人称要与原引语保持一致。

b. 如果是对原引语进行简化或者概括,需要注意保留原引语的核心意思,不改变原引语的内容和含义。

3. 标点符号:间接引语之后的标点符号要根据具体情况来确定。

如果引语后还有自己的话,接续的标点应在引号之外。

如果引语作为整个句子的结尾,则标点应在引号之内。

间接引语与直接引语

间接引语与直接引语

间接引语与直接引语引语是文章中常用的一种手法,通过引用他人的语言来支持或者加强自己的观点。

在引用他人的话语时,我们可以使用两种方式,即直接引语和间接引语。

本文将探讨这两种引语的特点及其使用方法。

一、直接引语直接引语是将别人的原话直接引用,并用引号将其包裹。

在直接引语中,可以附加说话者的身份和地点等信息,以确保引文的准确性。

例如:小明说:“我喜欢读书,因为它能开拓我的眼界。

”直接引语的特点是原封不动地引述他人的话语,使读者能够直接了解说话者传达的信息。

但是,在使用直接引语时也需要注意以下几点:1. 引号的使用:直接引语必须使用引号将其包裹,以示与文中其他内容的区别。

2. 标点符号的处理:句子末尾的引号应该放在双引号之内。

如果引用的是一个问句或者感叹句,引号应放在问号或感叹号的外面。

3. 时态和人称的变化:如果你需要更改直接引语的时态或者人称以使其融入你自己的文章,应该使用方括号来标记任何变化。

二、间接引语间接引语是将别人的话语转述为自己的话,不使用引号。

在间接引语中,可以通过动词的变化来表示引用的内容。

例如:小明说他喜欢读书,因为它能开拓他的眼界。

间接引语的特点是将原话转述为自己的语言,以更好地融入自己的文章。

间接引语的使用相对灵活,但也需要注意以下几点:1. 动词的变化:使用适当的动词来表示引文的内容。

常用的动词有“说”、“表示”、“告诉”等。

2. 人称和时态的变化:在将直接引语转述为间接引语时,应根据需要调整人称和时态的形式。

3. 引号的省略:间接引语不使用引号,因此在写作中不需要加任何引用标记。

综上所述,直接引语和间接引语是引用他人话语的两种常见方式。

在使用时,我们需要根据文章的需要来选择合适的引用方式,并注意使用正确的标点和语法。

适当引用他人的言论可以为文章增加权威性和可信度,但在引语的使用过程中也要注意遵守学术规范和版权法律的要求。

引语的使用应该有助于文章的内容表达和阅读理解,而不是增加复杂性和困惑读者。

英语初三上冀教版unit1:素材—直接引述和间接引语(1)

英语初三上冀教版unit1:素材—直接引述和间接引语(1)

英语初三上冀教版unit1:素材—直接引述和间接引语(1)重点概括:直截了当引语变间接引语有着时态,人称,时间状语,地点状语的变化。

1.时态变化:直截了当引语:一般现在时间接引语:一般过去时直截了当引语:现在进行时间接引语:过去进行时直截了当引语:一般今后时间接引语:过去今后时直截了当引语:现在完成时间接引语:过去完成时直截了当引语:一般过去时间接引语:过去完成时2、人称变化:SheaskedJack,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”SheaskedJackwherehehadbeen、3、指示代词的变化:thisthat;thesethoseHesaid,“ThesebooksareminE、”Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis、4、时间状语的变化:nowthen;todaythatday;yesterdaythedaybefore;tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdayMyfathersaid,“Iworkedheretwentyyearsago、“MyfathersaidthathehadworkedtheretwentyyearsbeforE、5、地点状语的变化:herethereHeaskedme,“HowcanIgethere?”Heaskedmehowhecouldgetthere.直截了当引语变间接引语的句式变化:1、陈述句:间接引语用that连接或that连接词省略。

2、一般疑问句:间接引语用if或whether,said改为asked,句子用陈述语序。

3、特别疑问句:间接引语用原来的特别疑问词引导,句子用陈述句语序。

4、语法知识归纳直截了当引语的祈使句变间接引语的方法:要将祈使句动词原形变为带“to”的不定式,同时在不定式的前面依照意思加上tell,ask,order等词,假如是否定式,不定式前面加“not”。

“Openthewindow,”theteachersaidtotheboy、Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow、“Tellhimtocomein,”thebosssaidtothesecretary、Thebosstoldthesecretarytotellhimtocomein、“Don'tleavethedooropen,”hesaiD、Hetoldusnottoleavethedooropen.【二】练习1.单项填空1.Hesaid,“Iamlivingwithmybrother.”Hesaidthat__waslivingwithhisbrother.A.IB.youC.heD.they2.Hesaid,“Youaresuretogetawarmwelcomethere.”Hesaidthatwe__suretogetawarmwelcomethere.A.amB.wasC.wereD.are3.Shesays,“Somethingiswrongwithmybike.”Shesaysthatsomethingiswrongwith__bike.A.myB.aC.hisD.her4.Hehassaid,“Iwillnotdosoagain.”Hehassaidthathe__notdosoagain.A.willB.mustC.wouldD.do5.Theteachersaid,“Mysonhadthesameexperienceasthelittleboy.”Theteachersaidthathissonhad__thesameexperienceasthelittleboy.A.beenB.haveC.hadD.done6.Shesaidtome,“Mymothertookmetoanexhibitionyesterday.”Shetoldmethathermotherhadtaken__toanexhibitionthedaybefore.A.sheB.meC.herD.you7.Yousaidtome,“Isawthefilmtwodaysago.”Youtoldmethatyouhadseenthefilm__A.twodaysB.twodaysbeforeC.twodaysagoD.yesterday8.Hesaidtohisyoungersister,“Youmaycomewithme.”Hetoldhisyoungersisterthat__withhim.A.youmaycomeB.youmightcomeC.shemightcomeD.shemightgo9.Thestudentsaidtome,“Shehasmadeaclosestudyoftheproblem.”Thestudenttoldmethatshe__aclosestudyoftheproblem.A.hasmakeB.havemadeC.hadmakeD.hadmade10.Hesaid,“Ilivehere.”Hesaidthathelived____.A.thereB.hereC.inthereD.atthere参考答案1--5CCDAC6--10CBDDA。

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3. “I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly,” the girl said. The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly. 4. “Why did you choose your diary and old letters?” her father asked her. Her father asked her why had chosen her diary and old letters.
1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that __ I looked worried that day. 2. We said to her, “They’re cleaning the room.” they were cleaning the room. We told her that ____ 3. Mr. Black said, “I have walked a long way.”
4. 部分情态动词,如 must, ought to,
used to, had better 等:
She said to me: “You must hurry up.”
→ She said that I must hurry up.
如果在当地转述, here不必改为there, 动词 come 不必改为go。如果在当天转 述, yesterday/tomorrow等时间状语也 不必改变。 A: You needn’t come here tomorrow. B: What did she say? C: She said that you needn’t come here tomorrow.
4. Tom said, “We are listening to music.”
Tom said that they ______________ were listening to music. 5. Mike said, “I have finished my homework.”
Mike said he _____________ had finished his homework.
She name She said said that that her she after and only hiding her true was Anne Frank and family family friend there for was were a Kitty long hiding — time, her in her Amsterdam. she diary. had was Jewish. become crazy about nature.
He says that he treats me as his son.
2. 当主句为过去时, 从句要跟着相应的变化。
直接引语(变化前) 一般现在时 “I know it,” he said. 现在进行时 “I’m making coffee for you all,” she said. 间接引语(变化后) 一般过去时 He said he knew it. 过去进行时 She said she was making coffee for us all.
直接引语(变化前) 一般将来时 He said: “We shall start tomorrow.” 过去完成时
“Rick had been ill for many days till he died.” Jack said.
间接引语(变化后) 过去将来时 He said they would start the next day. 过去完成时
2. “I like reading stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading stories. 3. “I haven’t finished the work,” Sarah said to him. Sarah told him that she hadn’t finished the work .
They asked, “Is it easy to solve the problem?”
They asked if / whether it is easy to solve the problem
was
They asked if it was easy to solve the problem.
1. “I don’t know the address of my new home,” said Anne. Anne said that she didn’t know the address of her new home.
2. “I’ve got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows,” Anne said to her father. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.
said Tom. Tom said that he ______ didn’t want to go
there with Alice.
3. The boy said: “I will be a pilot.”
The boy said that he ________ would be a pilot.”
2. 经常的习惯: He said to the doctor,
“I smoke two packs every day.” → He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.
3. 直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间
状语连用:
The teacher said, “I was born in 1945.” → The teacher said she was born in 1945.
After hiding hereFrank for a My name is Anne My My only family true and friend I areis long time, I’ve and my family isbecome Jewish. Kitty hiding —in my Amsterdam. diary. crazy about nature.
He asked,“ When do you harvest the wheat? ” He asked when you harvest the wheat. we harvested
They疑问句变为间接引语时, 除了 要把疑问语序改为陈述语序, 由whether/if 或特殊疑问词引 导外, 人称、时态和状语等也 要作相应地变化。
2. Mum said to me:“ You can do it yourself.” Mum told me that I could do it myself. 3. Mr. Smith said, “He is a good worker.’’ Mr. Smith said that he was a good worker.
he had walked a long way. Mr. Black said that __
2.时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态 要与主句的时态一致。
1. 主句为一般现在时, 现在完成时或一般将
来时的时候, 间接引语时态不变。
He says: “I treat you as my son.”
3.其他变化
now today this week yesterday last week four days ago tomorrow next month the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday
直接引语
间接引语
then that day that week the day before the week before four days before the next day the next month in two days’ time two days before
直接引语(变化前)
一般过去时 “I saw her last Monday,” he said.
间接引语(变化后)
过去完成时 He said he had seen her the previous Monday.
过去进行时 过去完成进行时 “I was waiting for She said she had Jim,” she said. been waiting for Jim.
Jack said Rick had been ill for many days till he died.
一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时
过去完成时 过去进行时
一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时
不变
1. “It is really cold,” she said to me. She told me that it ____ was really cold. 2. “I don’t want to go there with Alice,”
1. She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.” 1. She often says (that) all men and women are equal under the law.
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