英文控
控制计划cp英文缩写
控制计划(Control Plan) - CP英文缩写1. 引言控制计划(Control Plan)是一种用于确保产品或过程质量的工具。
它的主要目标是明确产品和过程中的关键特征，并确定相应的控制措施以确保这些特征达到预期要求。
本文将介绍控制计划的定义、作用、编制步骤以及关键要点。
2. 定义控制计划(Control Plan)是一种文档，用于记录产品或过程的关键特征，以及为达到这些特征所采取的控制措施。
它通常与产品质量管理系统的其他文档(如质量手册、程序文件等)相互关联，共同确保产品和过程的质量。
3. 作用控制计划在产品开发和生产过程中发挥着重要作用。
它主要用于以下几个方面：3.1 确定关键特征控制计划通过明确产品或过程中的关键特征，帮助团队理解需要特别关注的方面。
这些特征可能与产品的功能、性能、外观等相关，也可能与生产过程的稳定性、控制能力等相关。
通过明确这些关键特征，团队能够更好地制定相应的控制策略。
控制计划明确了为确保产品或过程质量采取的控制措施，包括但不限于尺寸测量、工艺参数控制、工具和设备校准等。
这些控制措施的规范化有助于提高生产过程的稳定性和一致性，降低质量风险。
3.3 审核和改进控制计划作为一种文档，可以被审核和改进。
通过定期审查控制计划，可以发现潜在的问题和改进机会，并及时做出相应的调整。
这有助于持续提升产品和过程的质量水平。
4. 编制步骤编制控制计划通常需要经过以下几个步骤：4.1 确定关键特征在制定控制计划之前，需要首先明确产品或过程中的关键特征。
这些特征可以通过设计规范、用户需求、技术要求等途径获取。
团队需要对这些特征进行评估，确定其重要性和可测性。
根据关键特征的评估结果，制定相应的控制措施。
控制措施应具体、可操作，并能够确保关键特征的合格水平。
同时，还需要考虑控制措施的有效性和可行性。
4.3 编写控制计划根据确定的关键特征和控制措施，编写控制计划文档。
控制计划文档应包括关键特征的描述、测量方法、控制要点、控制频率、负责人等信息。
数控机床英文操作面板
数控机床的英文操作面板1.EMERGENCY STOP 紧急制动2.MODE SELECT 模式选择3.EDIT 编辑4.MEMORY 存储5.MDI 人工数据输入6.HANDLE 手动7.JOG 点动8.CYCLE START 循环启动9.FEED HOLD 进给锁定10.SINGLE BLOCK 单程序段11.DRY RUN 空运行12.REFERENCE RETURN 零点返回13.FEED RATE OVERRIDE 进给倍率14.RAPID TRAVERSE OVERRIDE 快速进给倍率15.MACHINE LOCK 机床面板16.CONTROL PANEL 控制面板17.POWER ON AND POWER OFF 电源开和关18.RESET 复位19.CRT CHARACTER DISPLAY 显示数控技术常用术语中英文大全1.计算机数值控制：Computerized Numerical Control, CNC2.轴：（Axis）3.机床坐标系：Machine Coordinate System4.机床坐标原点：Machine Coordinate Origin5.工件坐标系：Work-piece Coordinate System6.工件坐标原点：Work-piece Coordinate Origin7.机床零点：Machine Zero8.参考位置：Reference Position9.绝对尺寸（Absolute Dimension）/绝对坐标值（IncrementalCoordinates）10.增量尺寸（Incremental Dimension）/增量坐标（IncrementalDimension）11.最小输入增量：Least Input Increment12.命令增量：Least Command Increment13.插补：Interpolation14.直线插补：Line Interpolation15.圆弧插补：Circular Interpolation16.顺时针圆弧：Clockwise Arc17.逆时针圆弧：Counterclockwise Arc18.手工零件编程：Manual Part Programming19.计算机零件编程：Computer Part Programming20.绝对编程：Absolute Programming21.增量编程：Increment Programming22.字符：Character23.控制字符：Control Character24.地址：Address25.程序段格式：Block Format26.指令码：Instruction Code27.程序号：Program Number28.程序名：Program Name29.指令方式：Command Mode30.程序段：Block31.零件程序：Part Program32.加工程序：Machine Program33.程序结束：End of Program34.数据结束：End of Data35.程序暂停：Program Stop36.准备功能：Preparatory Function37.辅助功能：Miscellaneous Function38.刀具功能：Tool Function39.进给功能：Feed Function40.主轴速度功能：Spindle Speed Function41.进给保持：Feed Hold42.刀具轨迹：Tool Path43.零点偏置：Zero Offset44.刀具偏置：Tool Offset45.刀具长度偏置：Tool Length Offset46.刀具半径偏置：Tool Radius Offset47.刀具半径补偿Cutter Radius Compensation48.刀具轨迹进给速度：Tool Path Feed Rate49.固定循环：Fixed cycle, Canned cycle50.字程序：Subprogram51.工序单：Planning Sheet52.执行程序：Executive Program53.倍率：Override54.伺服机构：Servo-Mechanist55.误差：Error56.分辨率：Resolution。
最新墙壁开关术语中英文对照
double 2pin& 3pin socket outlet
一位开关带16A三极插座单控
1 way switched socket
一位开关带16A三极插座双控
2 way switched socket
一位开关带多功能插座单控
1 way switched socket with multi-funcational 3pin
25A三相四线插座
25A 3 phase 4 wore socket outlet
空调风机
Air conditioner switch
空白面板
Blank switch plate
4、排序不等式
（一）概念【9】：
设有两组实数
（1）
（2）
满足
（3）
（4）
另设
（5）
是实数组（2）的一个排列，记
逆序积和
乱序积和
墙壁开关术语中英文对照
产品名称
英文一位开关ຫໍສະໝຸດ 控1gang/1way switch
一位开关双控
1gang/2way switch
二位开关单控
2gang/1way switch
二位开关双控
2gang/2way switch
三位开关单控
3gang/1way switch
三位开关双控
3gang/2way switch
二、三极插座
2pin US & 3pin AU socket outlet
二极插座带多功能插座
2pin US & 3pin AU multi-funcational socket outlet
二位多功能插座
Double 2pin US & 3pin AU multi-funcational socket outlet
热控常见英文缩写
热控常见英文缩写缩写中文名称英文全称WAN 广域网 Wide Area NetworkLAN 局域网 Local Area NetworkHUB 集线器 Hub,非缩写DNS 域名服务器 Domain Name ServerMnet 管理网络 Management NetworkSnet 监控网络 Supervision NetworkCnet 控制网络 Control NetworkFnet 现场网络 Field NetworkMIS 管理信息系统 Management Information SystemSIS 监督控制信息系统 Supervisory Information SystemDCS 分散控制系统 Distributed Control SystemNIC 网卡 Network Interface Card，Network Integrated Circuit，Network CardSCSI 小型计算机系统接口 Small Computer System InterfaceFDDI 光纤分布式数据接口 Fiber Distributed Data Interface MMI 人机接口 Man Machine InterfaceEWS 工程师站 Engineer Work StationOIS 操作员站 Operator Interface Station(又称POC 操作员站 Process Operator Console[HITACHI]) HDS(HIST) 历史数据站 Historical Data StationPRS(PRNT) 打印记录站 Printer Record StationBCU 基本控制单元 Basic Control Unit（又称PCU 过程控制单元 Process Control Unit[INFI-90]）（又称DPU 分布式处理单元 Distributed Processing Unit[WDPF-II]）（又称RPU 过程处理单元 Remote Processing Unit[MAX-1000]）DAS 数据采集系统 Data Acquisition System（又称CMS 计算机监视系统 Computer Monitoring System）MCS 模拟量控制系统 Modulating Control SystemCCS 协调控制系统 Coordinated Control SystemLMCC 负荷管理控制中心 Load Management Control CenterADS 自动调动系统 Automatic Dispatching SystemALR 自动加载调节器 Automatic Load RegulatorULD 机组实际负荷指令 Unit Load DemandMW 机组实发电功率 MegawattUM 单元主控制器，负荷主站Unit MasterBM 锅炉主控制器，锅炉主站Boiler MasterTM 汽机主控制器，汽机主站Turbine MasterTD 汽机指令 Turbine DemandBD 锅炉指令 Boiler DemandINC 增 IncreaseDEC 减 DecreaseBI 闭锁增 Block IncreaseBD 闭锁减 Block DecreaseRU 迫升 Run UpRD 迫降 Run DownFB 反馈 FeedbackF 前馈 FeedforwardCAL 校准 calibrationDEB 直接能量平衡 Direct Energy BalanceIEB 间接能量平衡 Indirect Energy BalanceTF 汽机跟随方式 Turbine FollowBF 锅炉跟随方式 Boiler FollowCCTF 汽机跟随协调控制方式Coordinated Control Turbine FollowCCBF 锅炉跟随协调控制方式Coordinated Control Boiler FollowOCS 开关量控制系统 On-off Control SystemSCS 顺序控制系统 Sequence Control SystemNO 常开（动闭） Normally OpenNC 常闭（动开） Normally ClosedFO 气闭式 Fail OpenFC 气开式 Fail CloseTCS 汽轮机控制系统 Turbine Control SystemMHC 机械液压式控制系统（简称液调系统）Mechanical Hydraulic ControlEHC 电气液压式控制系统（简称电调系统）Electro-Hydraulic ControlAEH 模拟式电液控制系统（简称模拟电调）Analog Electro-Hydraulic Turbine Control DEH 数字式电液控制系统（简称数字电调）Digital Electro-Hydraulic Turbine Control MEH 给水泵汽轮机电液控制系统Micro-Electro-Hydraulic Control System BTC 基本汽轮机控制 Basic Turbine ControlATC 汽轮机自动控制，汽轮机自启停系统Automatic Turbine Control，Automatic Turbine Startup or Shutdown Control System （ATS 汽轮机自动启动系统 Automatic Turbine Start System）ASC（AS）自动同步控制 Automatic Synchronized ControlOA 操作员自动 Operator Auto ModeOM 操作员手动 Operator Manual ModeOPC 超速保护控制, 超速防护系统Overspeed Protection ControlOPT 超速跳闸保护 Overspeed Protection TripTPC 主汽压力控制 Turbine Pressure ControlEH 高压抗燃油 Electro-Hydraulic OilLVDT 线性差动变压器 Linear Voltage Differential Transformer TSI 汽轮机（安全）监测仪表（系统）Turbine Supervisory InstrumentDE 差胀 Differential ExpansionCE 缸胀 Case ExpansionECC(EIPP) 偏心度监视器 EccentricityTDM 汽轮机运行监视诊断管理，汽轮机振动分析故障诊断系统Turbine Diagnose MonitoringETS 汽轮机紧急跳闸系统 Emergency Trip SystemAST 自动停机跳闸系统 Automatic Stop TripSV(MGV) 电磁阀 Solenoid ValveFSSS 锅炉炉膛安全监控系统Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System (又称BMS 燃烧器管理系统 Burner Management System)FSS 燃料安全系统 Fuel Safety SystemBCS 燃烧器控制系统 Burner Control SystemHEA 高能电弧点火器 High Energy ArcMFT 主燃料跳闸 Master Fuel TripOFT 油燃料跳闸 Oil Fuel TripFCB 快速切（甩）负荷 Fast Cut BackRB 快速减负荷 Run BackECS 电气控制系统 Electric Control SystemBPC 旁路控制系统 By-Pass Control SystemCIS 通信接口站 Communication Interface StationGW 网关 GatewayRDA 远程数据采集系统 Remote Data Acquisition SystemPUB 热网和公用电气 PublicANN 报警系统 Announciator SystemSOE 事故追忆 Sequence Of EventsEMS(DMS) 能量（负荷）管理系统Energy Management SystemSCADA 监督控制及数据采集 Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition AGC 自动发电控制 Automatic Generation ControlRTU 远程终端，中调负荷遥控装置Remote Terminal UnitGPS 全球定位系统，卫星同步时钟Global Position SystemUCP 单元控制面板 Unit Control PanelBTG 锅炉-汽机-发电机控制盘Boiler-Turbine-Generator Control Panel PB 按钮 Push ButtonTB 接线盒，端子箱 Terminal BoxLBX 就场控制箱 Local BoxLCP 现场控制盘 Local Control PanelHTR 加热器 HeaterCY 除氧器 deaeratorSH 过热器 SuperheaterRH 再热器 ReheaterSB 吹灰器 Soot BlowerSAH 暖风器 Steam Air HeaterHP 高压 High PressureIP 中压 Intermediate PressureLP 低压 Low PressureMSV(TV) 高压主汽阀 Main Stop ValveCV(GV) 高压调节阀 Control ValveRSV(SV) 中压主汽阀 Reheat Stop ValveICV(IV) 中压调节阀 Intercept Control ValveHPBV 高压旁路阀 High Pressure By-pass ValveLPBV 低压旁路阀 Low Pressure By-pass ValvNRV 止逆阀 Non-Return ValveBDV 应急排放阀 Blow-Down ValveVV 通风阀 Vent ValveSSR 汽封调节器，自密封系统接口Steam Seal RegulatorSWS 汽水取样系统 Steam & Water Sampling SystemPCV 压力调节阀,电磁释放阀Pressure Control Valve(ERV 动力释放阀 Energy Release Valve)BFPT 驱动给水泵的汽轮机 Boiler Feed Pump TurbineFDF 送风机 Forced Draft FanIDF 引风机 Induced Draft FanVWO 调节阀全开工况 Valve Wide OpenECR 经济工况 Economic(al) Continuous RatingMCR 最大连续出力工况 Maximum Continuous RatingDE 数字增强协议 Digital EnhancedPLC 可编程逻辑控制器 Programmable Logic ControllerFCS 现场总线控制系统 Fieldbus Control SystemSPT 树脂分离塔 Separation TowerCRT 阳树脂再生塔 Cation Resin TowerART 阴树脂再生塔 Anion Resin TowerCMS 化学站 Chemical Stationppt 千分率，1000分之几（≈克/升）part(s) per thousandppm 百万分率, 100万分之几（≈毫克/升）part(s) per millionppb 十亿分率，10亿分之几（≈微克/升）part(s) per billionpH值来自法文 pouvoir hydrogène，非英文缩写L 火线 LiveN 零线 NeutralG(GND)或地线 Ground或EarthSI 国际单位制法：Système International d'Unités；英：International System of Units？米制（国际公制）法：Système Métrique；英：Metre System BTU 英国热量单位 British Thermal UnitIPTS 国际实用温标 International Practical Temperature Scale OEM 原始设备制造商 Original Equipment ManufacturerμP 微处理器 MicroprocessorCPU 中央处理器 Central Processing UnitCMOS 互补型金属氧化物半导体Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistor BIOS 基本输入输出系统 Basic Input Output SystemCRT 阴极射线管 Cathode Ray TubeLCD 液晶显示器 Liquid Crystal DisplayLED 发光二极管 Light-Emitting DiodeDMA 直接存储器访问（存取），直接数据存储Direct Memory AccessROM 只读存储器 Read-Only MemorySROM 静态只读存储器 Static Read-Only MemoryPROM 可编程只读存储器 Programmable Read-Only MemoryEPROM 可擦可编程只读存储器Eraserable Programmable Read-Only Memory EEPROM(E2PROM) 电可擦可编程只读存储器Electrically-Eraserable Programmable Read-Only Memory RAM 随机存储器 Random-Access MemorySRAM 静态随机存储器 Static Random-Access MemoryNVRAM 非易失存储器 Non-Volatile Random-Access MemoryCD-ROM 只读光盘存储器 Compact Disc Read-Only MemoryMOD（MO）磁光盘 Magneto Optical DiscPCD 变相光盘 Phase Change DiscUSB 通用串行总线 Universal Serial BusWDT 时间监视器 Watchdog TimerPS 供电 Power SupplyCUS 外部供电 CustomerMCC 电机控制中心 Motor Control CenterUPS 不间断电源 Uninterrupted Power SupplyDCM 驱动控制模件 Drive Control ModuleCE CPU单元与PIO单元通信接口Control ElectronicsUD 单元驱动 Unit DrivePCM 可编程控制模板 Programmable Control ModuleRTB 远程终端模块 Remote Terminal BlockPIO 过程输入输出，过程通道Process Input OutputDIP 双列直插式组装，指拨开关Double In-line PackageTHC 热电偶 ThermocoupleRTD 热电阻 Resistance Temperature DetectorAI 模拟量输入点 Analog InputDI 数字量输入点 Digital InputCA 模拟量计算点 Calculated AnalogCD 数字量计算点 Calculated DigitalAO 模拟量输出点 Analog OutputDO 数字量输出点 Digital OutputPI 脉冲量累计点 Pulse InputIID IID点号 Internal IdentificationPID PID点号 Point IdentificationPID 比例积分微分 Proportion-Integral-DifferentialDCN 分散通信网络 Distributed Communication Network ASYNC 异步通信方式 Asynchronous Data ControlSYNC 同步通信方式 Synchronous Data ControlAM 调幅方式 Amplitude ModulationFM 调频方式 Frequency ModulationPM 调相方式 Phase ModulationOSI 开放系统互连 Open System InterconnectionMAC 介质存取（访问）控制层Media Access ControlTCP/IP 传输控制协议/网际协议Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol MAP 制造自动化协议 Manufacturing Automation Protocol MTBF 平均故障间隔时间 Mean Time Between FailuresMTTR 平均故障修复时间 Mean Time To RepairCAD 计算机辅助设计 Computer Aided DesignCIMS 计算机集成制造系统 Computer Integrated Manufacture System FBD 功能块图 Function Block ChartLD 梯形图 Ladder DiagramSFC 顺序功能图 Sequential Function ChartIL 指令表 Instruction ListST 结构化文本 Structured TextPOL 面向问题的语言 Problem Oriented LanguageKKS 发电厂标志系统来自德文Kraftwerk Kennzeichen System，非英文缩写DLM 设计联络会 Design Liaison MeetingISO 国际标准化组织从希腊语isos（相同的）得名，非英文International Organization for Standardization的缩写。
调音台中英文对照表
调音台中英文对照表调音台中英文对照ＧＡIＮ:输入信号增益控制HＩGH：高音电平控制ﻫMID—HIＧH：中高音电平控ﻫＬOW:低音电平控制ﻫPAN：相位控制ﻫMON。
SＥＮＤ：分路监听信号控制EFX.ＳＥND:分路效果信号控制ＬＩMIT（LED)：信号限幅指示灯ﻫLEFT.:左路信号电平控制ﻫRＩGHT:右路信号电平控制MONITOR：监听系统MOＮ。
OUＴ：监听输出ﻫMＡＳTＥR：总路电平控制EＦX.ＭASTEＲ:效果输出电平控制EFＸ。
PAN：效果相位控制ﻫEＦX。
RET：效果返回电平控制EFX.MON：效果送监听系统电平控制ＤIＳＰLAY:电平指示器ﻫＥＣHO:混响ﻫＨIGH I IＮ：高阻输入ﻫLOW I IN:低阻输入OＵＴ/IN：输出/输入转换插孔AUX．IN：辅助输入ﻫMASTER ＯUT:总路输出ﻫＥFＸ.OUＴ：效果输出ﻫEＦX．RＥＴＵRＮ:效果返回输入ﻫＬAMP:专用照明灯电源ﻫPOWER:总电源开关ﻫBALANＣEＯUTPＵT：平衡输出ﻫFUＳE:保险丝PEL：预监听（试听)按键ﻫEFＦ:效果电平控制MＡIN：主要的LEＶEＬ：声道平衡控制HEAD PHONE：耳机插孔ﻫＰHANTOM ＰＯＷＥR：幻像电源开关SIＧNALＰROＣESＳＯR：信号处理器EQＵＡLIZER：均衡器ﻫＳＵM:总输出编组开关LＯＷCUＴ：低频切除开关ﻫHＩGH CUT：高频切除开关PHONOＩNPUT:唱机输入STEREO ＯＵＴ：立体声输出ACTＩＶＩTY:动态指示器ＣＵE:选听开关MONO ＯUT：单声道输出ﻫPROGRAM BALＡNCＥ：主输出声像控制ﻫMＯＮITOR BALANCE：监听输出声像控制EQ IＮ(OUT）：均衡器接入/退出按键FT SW：脚踏开关REV．CONTOUR：混响轮廓调节PAＤ:定值衰减,衰减器调音台中英文对照表发布日期：2005－１２-13浏览次数：150７英文中文MONO OUT 单声道输出MASTER 主控器MIDHIGH 中高音电平控制MODULA TOR 调制器MODULE 组件MON SEND 分路监听信号控制MERITOR 峰值MONITOR 监听系统MON OUT 输出监听MASTER 总电平控制MONITOR BALANCE 监听输出声像控制POWER 电源开关PAD 衰减器PAN 相位控制PEL 预监听PEAKING 峰值时的状态PREAMP 前置放大器PROGRAN 节目／程序PACK POWER 峰值功率CT 保护PHONO IN PUT唱机输入PHANTOM POWER幻像电源开关PROXIMITY EFFECT近距离效果REV GONT OUR混响廊调节RIGHT右路信号电平控制PROGRAM BALANCE主输出声像控制SUM总输出编组开关SYSTEM系统SYNTHESIZER合成器SENSITIBITY灵敏度STEREO OUT立体声输出SIGNAL PROCESSOR信号处理器TRACK轨迹TUNE调谐TIMBRE音质TURBALANCED IN PUT不平衡输入VU METER音量电平GND接地点GAIN输入信号增益控制GRAPHIC图形HALL厅堂HIGH高音电平控制HARMONIC谐波HIGH Z IN高阻输入HIGH CUT高频切除开关HEAD PHONE耳机插孔（口）IN OUT输入/输出转换接口LOW低音电平控制LINE线路LEVEL电平LIMITER限幅器LIMIT输入信号限幅指示灯LEFT左路信号电平控制LOW Z IN低阻输入LAMP照明电源LOW CUT低频切除开关MUTE哑音MAIN主通道MIDI乐器数码接口MONO OUT单声道输出MASTER主控器MIDHIGH中高音电平控制MODULA TOR调制器MODULE组件MON SEND分路监听信号控制MERITOR峰值MONITOR监听系统MON OUT输出监听MASTER总电平控制MONITOR BALANCE监听输出声像控制POWER电源开关PAD衰减器PAN相位控制PEL预监听PEAKING峰值时的状态PREAMP前置放大器PROGRAN节目/程序PACK POWER峰值功率PROTECTION保护PHONO IN PUT唱机输入PHANTOM POWER幻像电源开关PROXIMITY EFFECT近距离效果REV GONT OUR混响廊调节RIGHT右路信号电平控制PROGRAM BALANCE主输出声像控制SUM总输出编组开关SYSTEM系统SYNTHESIZER合成器SENSITIBITY灵敏度STEREO OUT立体声输出SIGNAL PROCESSOR信号处理器TRACK轨迹TUNE调谐TIMBRE音质TURBALANCED IN PUT不平衡输入VU METER音量电平调音台中英文对照表AUX IN 辅助输入接口AＣTIVITY 动态指示器BAＬＡNCE OＵTPＵＴ平衡输出岸CUE 选听开关CLIP削波CＡNNOＮ卡侬DＯＬBY 杜比降噪DIＳPLAY 电平指示器EＦF 效果电平控制EFFＳEＮD 分路效果信号控制EFF PAN 效果相位控制EＦF RＥT 效果返回电平控制EFF MＯN 效果至监听系统电平控制ＥFF OUT 效果输出EFF RETURN 效果返回输出EＦF MASTER 效果输出电平控制EＣNO 回响ＥQＵALIZER （EQ）均衡器EＱIN均衡器FＸ效果辅助FＢ（ＦEED BACK）返送ＦTＳW 脚踏开关FUSＥ保险丝ＦADER 增益调节器FＵNＣTIOＮ功能FULＬAUＴO 全自动FＵLL RAＮGE 全音域ＧND 接地点GAＩN 输入信号增益控制GＲＡPHIC 图形HALL 厅堂HＩGＨ高音电平控制ＨARMＯNIC谐波ＨIＧH Z ＩN 高阻输入HIGH CＵＴ高频切除开关HEAD PHＯＮE 耳机插孔(口) IＮOUＴ输入/输出转换接口ＬOＷ低音电平控制LINＥ线路LＥVEL 电平LIMＩTER限幅器LＩMIT 输入信号限幅指示灯ＬEＦＴ左路信号电平控制LOW Z ＩN低阻输入LAＭP照明电源LOＷＣUT 低频切除开关MUTE 哑音MAＩN 主通道ＭIＤI乐器数码接口M ＯNＯOUＴ单声道输出MASTER 主控器MIDHＩGH 中高音电平控制MＯＤULATO Ｒ调制器MODULE 组件ＭOＮSEND 分路监听信号控制MEＲＩTＯR 峰值MONITOR 监听系统MON OUT 输出监听MASTＥR 总电平控制MNＩTOR BAＬANCE 监听输出声像控制ＰOWEＲ电源开关PAＤ衰减器PAN 相位控制PＥL 预监听ＰEAKING 峰值时的状态PRＥAＭＰ前置放大器PＲOGＲAN 节目/程序ＰACK POWＥＲ峰值功率PROTＥCTIＯN 保护PHONO ＩN PUT 唱机输入PHANTOM ＰOWER 幻像电源开关PROＸＩMIＴＹEFFECT 近距离效果RＥV GO ＮT OUＲ混响廊调节RIGHT 右路信号电平控制PROGRＡM BALANCE 主输出声像控制SUＭ总输出编组开关SYSTEM 系统SＹNTHESIZER 合成器SEＮSIＴIＢＩＴＹ灵敏度SＴEREO OUT 立体声输出SIGＮAL ＰROＣＥSSOR信号处理器TＲACK 轨迹TUNE调谐TIMBRE 音质TＵRＢAＬAＮCED IN PUT 不平衡输入VUＭETER 音量电平学校开展,文艺汇演,临时排练，在弄音响时,调音台上的英文大都不认识，上网搜了些，整理如下，可能下次还能用到。
DCS是分布式控制系统的英文缩写
DCS是分布式控制系统的英文缩写DCS是分布式控制系统的英文缩写(Distributed Control System),也叫集散控制系统。
它的特点是集中管理、分散控制。
集中管理是指这个系统他可以把你所有的控制点都集中在中央控制室来管理。
分散控制呢就是说控制点是可以分散在任何地方的。
其实和PLC在这点上相差不多。
也就是在现场控制点上拉根线到中控室的一个机柜上，机柜里面有很多控制卡件（卡件是一般是智能的）。
这个机柜叫做现场控制站，然后现场控制站通过工业以太网（目前使用的、以后发展方向为现场总线）和计算机连接在一起。
DCS是一个包含硬件和软件的系统。
硬件包括计算机的所有组成部分，它的CPU和电脑CPU一样可以高速处理数据，I/O单元就是刚才说到的卡件了。
卡件有很多类型（有4—20MA电流输入/输出卡件、1-5V电压输入/输出卡件、热电偶/电阻输入卡件、开关量输入卡件等等等），用的时候只需要选择相应卡件往机柜里面的机箱中一插就好了，一般DCS都支持热拔插。
由于DCS使用的特殊性，一般在化工也中，所以数据需要保存，都是保存在和它连在一起的电脑中的。
软件就是组态软件和监控软件了，组态软件就是给控制卡件和控制点一个IP地址，让它们对应上。
还有就是控制方案的设计。
监控软件主要是用于监控各个控制点的运行情况的。
关键词:可编程序控制器(PLC),分散控制系统(DCS),现场总线控制系统（FCS）1.前言上世纪九十年代走向实用化的现场总线控制系统，正以迅猛的势头快速发展，是目前世界上最新型的控制系统。
现场总线控制系统是目前自动化技术中的一个热点，正受到国内外自动化设备制造商与用户越来越强烈的关注。
现场总线控制系统的出现，将给自动化领域带来又一次革命，其深度和广度将超过历史的任何一次，从而开创自动化的新纪元。
在有些行业，FCS是由PLC发展而来的；而在另一些行业，FCS又是由DCS发展而来的，所以FCS与PLC及DCS之间有着千丝万缕的联系，又存在着本质的差异。
自动化控制英文缩写解释
自动化控制英文缩写解释自动化控制是指利用计算机、仪器仪表和其他现代化设备，对生产过程或者系统进行监测、调节和控制的一种技术。
在自动化控制领域，有许多常用的英文缩写词汇，下面将对其中一些常见的缩写进行解释。
1. PLC：可编程逻辑控制器（Programmable Logic Controller）PLC是一种专门用于工业自动化控制的电子设备，它可以根据预先编写的程序，对生产过程中的各种设备进行逻辑控制和数据处理。
PLC广泛应用于工厂自动化、流水线控制等领域。
2. DCS：分散控制系统（Distributed Control System）DCS是一种用于大型工业过程控制的系统，它由多个分散的控制单元组成，这些控制单元可以独立运行，同时又能相互通信和协调工作。
DCS通常用于石油化工、电力、水处理等领域。
3. SCADA：监控与数据采集系统（Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition）SCADA系统用于监控和控制远程设备，它可以实时采集、传输和处理各种数据，并提供人机界面供操作员进行监视和控制。
SCADA广泛应用于能源、交通、水利等领域。
4. HMI：人机界面（Human Machine Interface）HMI是一种人机交互设备，用于实现人员与自动化设备之间的信息交流。
HMI通常由触摸屏、按钮、指示灯等组成，操作员可以通过HMI界面监视设备状态、进行参数设置等。
5. PID：比例积分微分控制（Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control）PID控制是一种常用的自动控制算法，它通过比较实际值和设定值之间的差异，根据比例、积分和微分的关系来调整控制器的输出，使得系统能够快速而稳定地达到设定目标。
6. CNC：数控系统（Computer Numerical Control）CNC系统是一种用于控制机床和其他工业设备的自动化系统，它通过预先编写的程序，控制工具的运动轨迹和加工参数，实现精确的加工操作。
数控cnc是什么意思
数控cnc是什么意思
CNC中第一个C是英文计算机的第一个字母，N是英文数字的字头；最后一个字母C是英文控制的第一个字母。
所以CNC系统用汉语说就是计算机数字控制系统。
CNC系统是数控机床的核心部分。
数控机床功能的强弱主要是由数控功能确定的。
CNC加工是指用数控的加工工具进行的加工。
CNC指数控机床由数控加工语言进行编程控制，通常为G代码。
数控加工G代码语言告诉数控机床的加工刀具采用何种笛卡尔位置坐标，并控制刀具的进给速度和主轴转速，以及工具变换器、冷却剂等功能。
CNC加工相对手动加工具有很大的优势，如CNC加工生产出的零件非常精确并具有可重复性；CNC加工可以生产手动加工无法完成的具有复杂外形的零件。
CNC加工技术现已普遍推广，大多数的机加工车间都具有数控加工能力，典型的机加工车间中最常见的数控加工方式有数控铣、数控车和数控EDM线切割（电火花线切割）。
进行数控铣的工具叫做数控铣床或数控加工中心。
进行数控车削加工的车床叫做数控车工中心。
CNC加工G代码可以人工编程，但通常机加工车间用CAM（计算机辅助制造）软件自动读取CAD（计算机辅助设计）文件并生成G代码程序，对数控机床进行控制。
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单词控核心资料---带你揭开1天速记300个英语单词的神秘面纱
知识篇关于英语单词的构词法知识：英语单词的构词能力是很强的。
掌握构词的知识，对扩充词汇量非常重要。
其中最常见的构词法是派生词构词法。
基本概念：派生词是由具有内在含义的特定字母组合相互搭配构成的，这种特定字母组合类似于汉字的“偏旁部首”，在英语中称之为“词素”，根据其在单词中的位置分别为“前缀”、“词根（或词干）”和“后缀”。
单词数量虽然浩瀚如海，但常用的前缀、词根、后缀的数量和汉字的偏旁部首差不多，只有二三百个。
这三个部分的灵活组合构成了几十万个单词，日常生活中80%的常见单词是由这种方式构成的。
我们可以将派生词按照构成方式一一拆分，就会把复杂的拼写变成简单的结构，如果我们掌握了每个词素的含义，就很容易生成单词词义，记忆负担大大减轻了，记忆起来自然就很快。
构成方式：x前缀+ y词根+ z后缀前缀：调节因子。
表示方向、数量和程度，改变、加强或限制词根或单词的释义。
词根：核心因子，表示具体的动作、状态和事物的名称。
有的词根能单独使用而成为单词，叫做“自由词根”或“根词”。
后缀：词性因子。
后缀是加在词根或单词后面的部分，对词根或单词的意义进行补充。
表示词性，如果一个单词有两个或两个以上的后缀，单词的词性由最后一个后缀决定。
常用的后缀有名词后缀、动词后缀、形容词后缀和副词后缀四种形式。
+：音连因子。
也称为中缀，是在单词里起连接发音作用的字母或字母组合。
通常是英文字母中的6个元音字母，分别是i、o、a、u、y、e（按常见频率排列），e常常出现在单词尾部，不发音。
说明：x=0，1，2，3…；y=0，1，2；z=0，1，2，3…每一个单词最多只有前缀、词根、后缀三部分组成，前缀、词根和后缀都是固定不变的字母组合（一般情况下是2－5个字母，其中3－4个字母组合占英语词素的90％以上），可以排列组合出众多的英语单词；并且，公式中的“x、y、z”一般不超出3个，在2以内的英语词汇也占90％以上；因此掌握前缀、词根、后缀是扩展英语词汇的关键。
自动控制原理专业词汇中英文对照
自动控制原理专业词汇中英文对照自动控制原理专业词汇中英文对照中文英文自动控制automatic control；cybernation 自动控制系统automatic control system自动控制理论 automatic control theory经典控制理论 classical control theory现代控制理论 modern control theory智能控制理论intelligent control theory 开环控制open-loop control闭环控制 closed-loop control输入量 input输出量 output给定环节 given unit/element比较环节 comparing unit/element放大环节 amplifying unit/element执行环节 actuating unit/element控制环节 controlling unit/element被控对象 (controlled) plant反馈环节 feedback unit/element控制器 controller扰动/干扰 perturbance/disturbance前向通道 forward channel反馈通道feedback channel 恒值控制系统constant control system随动控制系统servo/drive control system 程序控制系统programmed control system 连续控制系统continuous control system离散控制系统 discrete control system线性控制系统 linear control system非线性控制系统 nonlinear control system定常/时不变控制系统time-invariant control system 时变控制系统 time-variant control system 稳定性 stability快速性 rapidity准确性 accuracy数学模型 mathematical model微分方程 differential equation非线性特性 nonlinear characteristic线性化处理 linearization processing泰勒级数 Taylor series传递函数 transfer function比例环节 proportional element积分环节 integrating element一阶惯性环节 first order inertial element二阶惯性环节 second order inertial element二阶震荡环节second order oscillation element 微分环节differentiation element一阶微分环节 first order differentiation element二阶微分环节 second order differentiation element 延迟环节delay element动态结构图 dynamic structure block串联环节 serial unit并联环节 parallel unit信号流图 signal flow graph梅逊增益公式Mason’s gain formula时域分析法 time domain analysis method性能指标 performance index阶跃函数 step function斜坡函数 ramp function抛物线函数 parabolic function /acceleration function 冲击函数impulse function正弦函数 sinusoidal function动态/暂态响应 transient response静态/稳态响应 steady-state response 延迟时间 delay time上升时间 rise time峰值时间 peak time调节时间 settling time最大超调量 maximum overshoot稳态误差 steady-state error无阻尼 undamping欠阻尼 underdamping过阻尼 overdamping特征根 eigen root极点 pole零点 zero实轴 real axis虚轴 imaginary axis 稳态/静态分量 steady-state component 瞬态/暂态/动态分量transient component 运动模态motion mode衰减 attenuation系数 coefficient初相角 initial phase angle响应曲线 response curve主导极点 dominant pole 劳斯稳定判据 Routh stability criterion S平面 S plane胡尔维茨稳定判据Hurwitz stability criterion 测量误差measurement error扰动误差 agitation error结构性误差 structural error偏差 deviation根轨迹 root locus 常规根轨迹 routine root locus根轨迹方程 root locus equation 幅值 magnitude幅角 argument对称性 symmetry分离点 separation/break away point会合点 meeting/break-in point渐近线 asymptote出射角 emergence angle/angle of departure入射角incidence angle/angle of arrival 广义根轨迹generalized root locus零度根轨迹zero degree root locus 偶极子dipole/zero-pole pair 频域分析法frequency-domain analysis method 频率特性frequency characteristic极坐标系 polar coordinate system直角坐标系 rectangular coordinate system幅频特性 magnitude-frequency characteristic相频特性phase-frequency characteristic 幅相频率特性magnitude-phase frequency characteristic 最小相位系统minimum phase system非最小相位系统 nonminimum phase system奈奎斯特稳定判据Nyquist stability criterion 伯德定理Bode theorem稳定裕度 stability margin幅值裕度 magnitude margin 相位/相角裕度 phase margin对数幅频特性 log magnitude-frequency characteristic 无阻尼自然震荡角频率 undamped oscillation angular frequency 阻尼震荡角频率damped oscillation angular frequency 阻尼角damping angle带宽频率bandwidth frequency 穿越/截止频率crossover/cutoff frequency 谐振峰值 resonance peak系统校正 system compensation超前校正 lead compensation滞后校正 lag compensation自激震荡 self-excited oscillation死区特性 dead zone characteristic饱和特性 saturation characteristic间隙特性 backlash characteristic描述函数法 describing function method相平面法 phase plane method 采样控制系统 sampling control system数字控制系统 digital control system频谱 frequency spectrum 采样定理 sampling theorem信号重现 signal recurrence拉氏变换 Laplace transformZ变换 Z transform终值定理 final-value theorem差分方程 difference equation迭代法 iterative method 脉冲传递函数 pulse transfer function 零阶保持器 zero-order holder映射 mapping方框图 block diagram伯德图 Bode diagram特征方程 characteristic equation可控性 controllability临界阻尼 critical damping阻尼常数 damping constant阻尼比 damping ratio初始状态 initial state初值定理 initial-value theorem反Z变换 inverse Z-transformation负反馈 negative feedback正反馈 positive feedback 尼科尔斯图 Nichols chart部分分式展开partial fraction expansion 幅角原理argument principle相对稳定性 relative stability共振频率 resonant frequency劳斯表 Routh tabulation/array奇点 singularity渐进稳定性 asymptotic stability控制精度 control accuracy临界稳定性 critical stability耦合 coupling解耦 decoupling比例积分微分调节器proportional integral derivative regulator(PID) 串联校正 series/cascade compensation 单输入单输出 single input single output(SISO)多输入多输出 multi input multi output(MIMO)低通滤波器 low pass filter非线性系统 nonlinear system复合控制 compound control衰减振荡 damped oscillation主反馈 monitoring feedback 转折(交接)频率 break frequency 稳定焦点/节点 stable focus/node。
英文受控专用章
英文受控专用章The concept of the English Controlled Special Seal has been a topic of fascination and discussion among scholars and language enthusiasts for decades. This unique form of written communication serves as a testament to the power and versatility of the English language, as well as the ingenuity of those who have sought to push the boundaries of linguistic expression.At its core, the English Controlled Special Seal is a highly specialized and regulated system of writing that adheres to a strict set of rules and conventions. Unlike the free-flowing and expressive nature of standard English, this form of writing is characterized by a meticulous attention to detail, a careful selection of vocabulary, and a deliberate structuring of sentences and paragraphs.The origins of the English Controlled Special Seal can be traced back to the mid-20th century, when a group of linguists and government officials recognized the need for a more precise and controlled form of written communication. In a world increasingly dominated by global trade, diplomacy, and scientific research, the need for astandardized and unambiguous means of conveying information became increasingly apparent.The development of the English Controlled Special Seal was driven by a desire to create a language that could be understood and utilized by individuals from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. By establishing a set of standardized rules and conventions, the creators of this system aimed to minimize the potential for misunderstandings and miscommunications, ensuring that the written word could be interpreted with a high degree of accuracy and consistency.One of the defining features of the English Controlled Special Seal is its emphasis on conciseness and clarity. Gone are the flourishes and embellishments that often characterize more expressive forms of writing; in their place, a streamlined and efficient use of language that prioritizes the conveyance of information over the aesthetics of the written word.Every word, every sentence, and every paragraph is carefully crafted to serve a specific purpose, with no room for ambiguity or superfluous expression. The vocabulary is limited to a carefully curated set of terms, each of which is defined and understood with a high degree of precision. Sentence structure is similarly constrained, with a focus on subject-verb-object construction and the avoidanceof complex grammatical structures.The result is a form of writing that is both highly functional and deeply challenging. Mastering the English Controlled Special Seal requires a level of linguistic discipline and attention to detail that few can claim to possess. It is a language that demands a deep understanding of its underlying principles and a willingness to sacrifice the creative freedom of more expressive forms of writing in favor of a more structured and regulated approach.Yet, despite its apparent rigidity, the English Controlled Special Seal is not without its own unique charm and appeal. For those who have dedicated themselves to its study and practice, there is a sense of pride and accomplishment in being able to navigate the intricate web of rules and conventions that govern this specialized form of communication.Moreover, the English Controlled Special Seal has proven to be an invaluable tool in a wide range of contexts, from international diplomacy and scientific research to technical documentation and legal proceedings. By providing a common language that can be understood and utilized by individuals from diverse backgrounds, it has helped to bridge the gap between cultures and facilitate the exchange of information and ideas on a global scale.In the realm of international diplomacy, for example, the English Controlled Special Seal has become an indispensable tool for negotiating treaties, drafting agreements, and communicating with foreign counterparts. Its emphasis on precision and clarity has helped to minimize the potential for misunderstandings and facilitate the successful resolution of complex political and economic issues.Similarly, in the world of scientific research, the English Controlled Special Seal has become the lingua franca of choice for the communication of technical information and the dissemination of research findings. By establishing a common language that can be understood by researchers from around the world, it has helped to accelerate the pace of scientific discovery and foster greater collaboration and cooperation within the global research community.In the realm of technical documentation, the English Controlled Special Seal has proven to be an invaluable resource for the clear and concise communication of complex information. From instruction manuals to software specifications, this form of writing has helped to ensure that critical information is conveyed in a way that is easily understood and acted upon by its intended audience.Even in the legal domain, the English Controlled Special Seal has found a place, with its emphasis on precision and unambiguity making it an ideal tool for the drafting of contracts, theinterpretation of statutes, and the communication of legal arguments and rulings.Despite its widespread adoption and utility, the English Controlled Special Seal is not without its critics. Some have argued that the rigid constraints of this form of writing stifle creativity and expression, limiting the ability of writers to convey the nuances and subtleties of language. Others have raised concerns about the potential for this system to be used as a tool of control and manipulation, with the strict adherence to rules and conventions serving to limit the free exchange of ideas and the exploration of new forms of expression.However, proponents of the English Controlled Special Seal counter that the benefits of this system far outweigh its perceived drawbacks. They argue that the precision and clarity it offers are essential in a world where the stakes of miscommunication can be high, and that the discipline required to master this form of writing ultimately enhances rather than diminishes the expressive capabilities of the language.Ultimately, the English Controlled Special Seal stands as a testament to the enduring power and versatility of the English language. It is a system that has evolved in response to the changing needs of a globalized world, and one that continues to play a vital role in facilitating the exchange of information and ideas across a widerange of domains.Whether one views it as a necessary tool for effective communication or a restrictive form of linguistic expression, the English Controlled Special Seal remains a fascinating and compelling aspect of the broader landscape of the English language. As we continue to navigate the complexities of the modern world, it is likely that this specialized form of writing will continue to play a central role in shaping the way we communicate and collaborate with one another.。
自动化控制英文缩写解释
自动化控制英文缩写解释自动化控制是指利用计算机技术和控制系统来实现对各种工业过程、设备和系统的自动控制。
在自动化控制领域中，有许多常用的英文缩写词汇。
下面将对其中一些常见的英文缩写进行解释和说明。
1. PLC - Programmable Logic ControllerPLC是可编程逻辑控制器的缩写。
它是一种专门用于工业自动化控制的计算机控制系统。
PLC通常由CPU、输入/输出模块、存储器和通信模块等组成，用于监测和控制生产过程中的各种设备和信号。
2. DCS - Distributed Control SystemDCS是分布式控制系统的缩写。
它是一种用于监控和控制大型工业过程的自动化系统。
DCS系统由多个分布在不同位置的控制器组成，这些控制器通过网络连接，实现对整个生产过程的集中控制和管理。
3. HMI - Human-Machine InterfaceHMI是人机界面的缩写。
它是一种用于人与机器之间进行交互的设备或软件。
HMI通常包括显示屏、触摸屏、键盘、鼠标等，用于向操作员展示系统状态、接收操作指令，并将操作指令传递给控制系统。
4. SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data AcquisitionSCADA是监控控制与数据采集的缩写。
它是一种用于监视和控制远程设备和过程的系统。
SCADA系统通过传感器和执行器与远程设备进行通信，采集数据并将其传输到中央控制中心，操作员可以通过SCADA系统监控和控制远程设备。
5. PID - Proportional-Integral-DerivativePID是比例积分微分的缩写。
它是一种常用的控制算法，用于调节和控制系统的输出。
PID控制器根据系统的误差、积分和微分项进行计算，并根据计算结果对系统进行调节，以实现对系统的精确控制。
6. CNC - Computer Numerical ControlCNC是计算机数控的缩写。
自动化控制英文缩写解释
自动化控制英文缩写解释自动化控制是指利用计算机技术和控制系统对工业生产过程进行自动化监控和调节的一种技术手段。
在工业生产中，自动化控制可以提高生产效率、降低成本、提高产品质量和稳定性。
在自动化控制领域中，有许多常用的英文缩写，下面将对其中一些常见的英文缩写进行解释。
1. PLC：Programmable Logic Controller 可编程逻辑控制器PLC是一种用于工业自动化控制的计算机控制系统。
它通过编程来控制和监测机器和工艺过程，实现自动化生产。
PLC具有可编程性、可靠性和灵活性等特点，被广泛应用于制造业、能源行业等领域。
2. DCS：Distributed Control System 分布式控制系统DCS是一种分布式的工业控制系统，它由多个分布在不同位置的控制单元组成，通过网络连接，实现对整个工业过程的监控和控制。
DCS具有高度的可靠性和可扩展性，常用于化工、电力、水处理等行业。
3. SCADA：Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition 监控与数据采集系统SCADA系统用于监控和控制远程设备和过程。
它通过传感器和执行器与现场设备进行通信，并通过计算机系统收集、处理和显示数据。
SCADA系统广泛应用于电力、水处理、交通等领域。
4. HMI：Human-Machine Interface 人机界面HMI是指人与机器之间进行信息交互的界面。
它通常由触摸屏、键盘、指示灯等组成，用于操作和监视自动化系统。
HMI可以提供直观的操作界面，使操作员能够方便地监控和控制工业过程。
5. PID：Proportional-Integral-Derivative 比例积分微分控制器PID控制器是一种常用的自动控制算法，用于调节控制系统的输出。
它根据系统的误差、偏差变化率和偏差累积量来计算控制量，以实现对系统的精确控制。
PID控制器广泛应用于温度、压力、流量等工业过程的控制。
控制系统的介绍英文翻译
Introduction to Control System1.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEThe desire to control the forces of nature has been with man since early civilizations. Although many examples of control systems existed in early times, it was not until the mid-eighteenth century that several steam engine, and perhaps the most noteworthy invention was the speed control flyball governor invented by James Watt.The period biginnign about twenty-five years before World War Two saw rapid advances in electronics and especially in circuit theory, aided by the now classical work of Nyquist in the area of stability theory, The requirements of sophisticated weapon systems, submarines, aircraft and the like gave new impetus to the work in control systems before and after the war The advent of the analog computer coupled with advances in electronics saw the beginning of the establishment of control systems as a science. By The mid-fifties, the progress in digital computers had given the engineers a new tool that greatly enhanced their capability to study large and complex systems. The availability of computers also opened the era of data-logging, computer control, and the state space of modern method of analysis.The sputnik began the space race and large governmental expenditures in the space as well as military effort. During this time. circuits became miniaturized and large sophisticated systems could be put together very compactly thereby allowing a computational and control advantage coupled with systems of small physical dimensions. We were now capable of designing and flying minicomputers and landing men on the moon. The post sputnik age saw much effort in system optimization and adaptive systems.Finally, the refinement of the chip and related computer development has created an explosion in computational capability and computer-controlled devices. This has led to many innovative methods in manufacturing methods. such as computer-aided design and manufacturing, and the possibility of unprecedented increases inindustrial productivity via the use of computer-controlled machinery, manipulators and robotics.Today control systems is a science with the art still playing an important role. Much mathematical sophistication has been achieved with considerable interest in optimal control system. The modern approach, having been established as a science, is being applied not only to the traditional control systems, but to newer problems like urban analysis, econometrics, transportation, biomedical problems, energy analysis, and a host of similar problems that affect modern man.1.2BIASIC CONCEPTSControl system analysis is concerned with the study of the behavior of dynamic systems. The analysis relies upon the fundamentals of system theory where the governing differential equations assume a cause-effect relationship. A physical system may be represented as shown in Fig. where the excitation or input is x(t) and the response or output is y(t) . A simple control system is shown in Fig. Here the output is compared to the input signal, and the difference of these two signals becomes the excitation to the physical system, and we speak of the control system , such as described in Fig . involves the obtaining of y(t) given the input and output are specified and we wish to design the system characteristics, then this is known as synthesis.1.3SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONBecause control systems occur so frequently in our lives, their study is quite important. Generally, a control system is composed of several subsystems connected in such a way as to yield the proper cause-effect relationship. Since the various subsystems can be electrical, mechanical, pneumatic, biological, etc., the complete description of the entire system requires the understanding of fundamental relationships in many different disciplines. Fortunately, the similarity in the dynamic behavior of different physical systems makes this task easier and more interesting.As an example of a control system consider the simplified version of the attitude control of a spacecraft illustrated in Fig.1-4. We wish the satellite to have some specific attitude relative to an inertial coordinatesystem. The actual attitude is measured by an attitude sensor on board the satellite. If the desired and actual attitudes are not the same, then the comparator sends a signal to the valves which open and cause gas jet firings. These jet firings give the necessary corrective signal to the satellite dynamics thereby it under control .A control system represented this way is said to be represented by block diagrams. Such a representation is helpful in the partitioning of a large system into subsystems and thereby allowing the study of one subsystem at a time.If we have many inputs and outputs that are monitored and controlled, the block diagram appears as illustrated in Fig.1-5. Systems where several variables are monitored and controlled are called multivariable systems. Examples of multivariable systems are found in chemical processing, guidance and control of vehicles, the national economy, urban problems.The number of control systems that surround us is indeed very large. The essential feature of all these systems is in general the same . They all have input ,control ,output, and disturbance variables. They all describe a controller and a plant . They all have some type of a comparator. Finally, in all cases we want to drive the control system to follow a set preconceived commands.1.4 DESIGN, MODELING ,AND ANALYSISPrior to the building of a piece of hardware, a system must be designed, modeled, and analyzed. Actually the analysis is an important and essential feature of the design process. In general, when we design a control system we do so conceptually. Then we generate a mathematical model which is analyzed. The results of this analysis are compared to the performance specifications that are design a control system we do so conceptually. Then we generate a mathematical model which is analysis are compared to the performance specifications that are desired of the proposed system. The accuracy of the results depends upon the quality of the original model of the proposed design. We shall show , in Chapter7, how it is analyzed and then modified so that its performance satisfies the system specifications. The objective then may be considered to be the prediction , prior to construction, of the dynamic behavior that a physical system exhibits, i.e. its natural motion when disturbed from anequilibrium position and its response when excited by external stimuli. Specifically we are concerned with the speed of response or transient response , and the stability we mean that the output remains within certain reasonable limiting values .The relative weight given to any special requirement is dependent upon the specific application . [2] For example, the air conditioning of the interior of a building may be maintained to +/-1°C and satisfy the occupants. However, the temperature control in certain cryogenic systems requires that the temperature be controlled to within a fraction of a degree. The requirements of speed , accuracy, and stability are quit often contradictory and some compromises must be made . For example, increasing the accuracy generally makes for poor transient response. If the damping is decreased, the system oscillations increase and it may take a long time to reach some steady state value.It is important to remember that all real control systems are nonlinear; however , many can be approximated within a useful though limited range as linear systems. Generally, this is an acceptable first approximation. A very important benefit to be derived by assuming linearity is that the superposition theorem applies. If we obtain the response due to two different inputs, then the response due to the combined input is equal to the sum of the individual response due to the combined input is equal to the individual responses. Another benefit is that operational mathematics can be used in the analysis of linear systems. The operational method allows us to transform ordinary differential equations which are much simpler to handle.Traditionally, control system were represented by higher-order linear differential equations and the techniques of operational mathematics were employed to study these equations. Such an approach is referred to as the classical method and is particularly useful for analyzing systems characterized by a single input and a single output. As systems began to become more complex , it became increasingly necessary to use a digital Computer . The work on a computer can be advantageously carried out if the system under consideration is represented by a set of first-order differential equations and the analysis is carried out via matrix theory.This is in essence what is referred to as the state space or state variable approach . This method , although applicable to single input-output systems , finds important applications in the multivariable system . Another very attractive benefit is that it enables the control system engineer to study variables inside a system.Regardless of the approach used in the design and analysis of a control system , we must at least following steps:(1)Postulate a control system and the system specifications to besatisfied.(2)Generate a functional block diagram and obtain a mathematicalrepresentation of the system .(3)Analyze the system using any of the analytical or graphicalmethods applicable to the problem.(4)Check the performance (speed , accuracy, stability, or othereriterion) to see if the problem.(5)Finally, optimize the system parameters so that (1) is satisfied.控制系统的介绍1. 历史回顾早在人类历史文明出现之初，人们就产生了控制自然力的愿望。
功放上的英文解释
功放上的英文解释GAIN：输入信号增益控制HIGH：高音电平控制MID-HIGH：中高音电平控LOW：低音电平控制PAN：相位控制：分路监听信号控制：分路效果信号控制LIMIT〔LED〕：信号限幅指示灯LEFT：.左路信号电平控制RIGHT：右路信号电平控制MONITOR：监听系统：监听输出MASTER：总路电平控制：效果输出电平控制：效果相位控制：效果返回电平控制：效果送监听系统电平控制DISPLAY：电平指示器ECHO：混响HIGH I IN：高阻输入LOW I IN：低阻输入OUT/IN：输出 / 输入转换插孔：辅助输入MASTER OUT：总路输出：效果输出：效果返回输入LAMP：专用照明灯电源POWER：总电源开关BALANCE OUTPUT：平衡输出FUSE：保险丝PEL：预监听〔试听〕按键EFF：效果电平控制MAIN：主要的LEVEL：声道平衡控制HEAD PHONE：耳机插孔PHANTOM POWER：幻像电源开关SIGNAL PROCESSOR：信号处理器EQUALIZER：均衡器SUM：总输出编组开关LOW CUT：低频切除开关HIGH CUT：高频切除开关PHONO INPUT：唱机输入STEREO OUT：立体声输出ACTIVITY：动态指示器CUE：选听开关MONO OUT：单声道输出PROGRAM BALANCE：主输出声像控制MONITOR BALANCE：监听输出声像控制EQ IN〔OUT〕：均衡器接入 / 退出按键FT SW：脚踏开关：混响轮廓调节PAD：定值衰减，衰减器****音响中英文名词解释二〔功放类〕输出功率〔 output power 〕：说明该功率放大器在一定负载下输出功率的大小，一般在功放说明书上标明在8 欧姆负载， 4 欧姆负载或 2 欧姆负载状态下的输出功率，同时也会说明功放在桥接状态下，8 欧姆负载时或 4 欧姆负载时的输出功率。
这个输出功率表示功放的额定输出功率，而不是最大或者峰值输出功率。
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A word spoken is an arrow let fly. 一言既出，驷马难追。 As a man sows,so he shall reap. 一分耕耘，一分收获。 A book that remains shut is but a block. 书本不常翻，犹如一块砖。 Eyes are bigger than one’s stomach. 心有余而力不足。 Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好。 Constant dropping wears the stone. 滴水穿石。 Creep before you walk. 先学爬，后学走。 For better or for worse. 甘苦与共。 First think,then speak. 三思而后行。 Great talkers are little doers. 语言的巨人，行动的矮子。 Give and take. 礼尚往来。 Go for wool and come home shorn. 偷鸡不成蚀把米。 Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. 天才是一分灵感加九十九分汗水。 Ignorance is bliss. 不知即是福。 Idleness turns the edge of wit. 懒惰使人笨。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 Lifeless,faultless. 人孰无过。 Knowledge is no burden.
英文控 Little steps add up to big success. 成功在于每一步。 Don’t judge by appearance. 别以貌取人。 Diligence is the mother of good fortune. 成功来自勤奋。 Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.别高兴得 太早了。 Even Homer sometimes nods. 智者千虑，必有一失。 Enough is as good as feast. 知足常乐。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise. 睡得早，起得早，富裕、聪明、身体好。 Deeds,not words. 行动，而非空言。 Do not cut down the tree that gives you shade. 不要恩将仇报。 Come with the wind,go with the water. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。 Calamity is man’s true touchstone. 患难之中见人心。 Burnt child dreads the fire. 吃一堑长一智。 Barking dogs do not bite. 吠犬咬人。 A tree is known by its fruits. 观其行而知其人。 A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔。 An idle youth,a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 A stitch in time saves nine. 一针及时省九针。
艺多不压身。Leabharlann Stay safe !Don’t try this! 专业表演！切勿模仿！ I can play. 斗志改变未知。 Make the change. 让改变发生。 Just do it. 行动吧。