1. 1 本册综合 同步素材(牛津上海版八年级下册)
上海牛津沪教版八年级(下)同步讲义unit2
第二讲Unit2 Water教学过程一、课堂导入教师讲述一个与本节课题目有关的英文小故事，引出今日所要讲解的知识点，然后让学生简单梳理一下所涉及的问题，带着问题学习本节课的内容。
二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课学的重点内容，检测单词的用法，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过英文小故事导入本节课所要学习的新知识。
三、知识讲解1. 知识点一：重点单词1）daily [ˈdeɪli]【词性】adv.【词义】每天【经典例句】Your body needs about two litres of water daily.你的身体每天需要两升左右的水。
2）amount [əˈmaʊnt]【词性】n.【词义】数量；数额【易混淆点】an amount of 大量的，修饰不可数名词a number of 大量的，修饰可数名词【经典例句】When you exercise, the amount of water you need increase.当你锻炼的时候，你身体需要水的量就增加了。
3）increase [ɪnˈkri:s]【词性】v.【词义】增加【易混淆点】increase 增加decrease 减少【经典例句】When you exercise, the amount of water you need increase.当你锻炼的时候，你身体需要水的量就增加了。
4）remain [rɪˈmeɪn]【词性】v.【词义】仍然是；保持不变【易混淆点】remain 仍然是still 仍然；依旧【经典例句】The amount of water you need remains the same.你需要的水还是一样的。
5）symbol [ˈsɪmbl]【词性】n.【词义】符号【易混淆点】symbol 符号signal 标记【经典例句】The chemical symbol for water is H2O.水的化学分子式是H2O。
上海牛津版八年级下册Unit2 Water 同步讲义 原卷版
上海牛津版八年级下册同步讲义Unit 2 Water一、词汇Words1.washbasin n. 洗脸盆e.g. Water was pouring into the washbasin. 水正在流入洗脸盆。
2. vanish v. 消失，突然不见e.g. I thought it would rain, but the clouds have vanished and it's a fine day.我原以为天要下雨的，可是云消失了，是个好天。
【常用搭配】vanish into the air/from sight消失不见vanish in darkness在黑暗中消失vanish into nothing化为乌有3. amount n.数量，数额e.g. He spent a large amount of money on books. 他花了很多钱买书。
【知识拓展】an amount of 一定数量的 a large amount of 大量的 a small amount of 少量的4. freeze v. 突然停止，惊呆1e.g. Fear made him freeze in his tracks. 恐惧使他突然停止前进。
He froze in front of the audience. 他在观众面前吓呆了。
【知识拓展】freeze v. 冷冻，冷藏（食物）e.g. Not all fruit and vegetables freeze well. 并非所有的水果和蔬菜都适合冷藏。
5. impatient adj.不耐烦的，急躁的e.g. As a nursery teacher, you mustn't be impatient with the children. 作为幼儿园教师，你不该对孩子急躁。
【知识拓展】patient adj. 有耐心的e.g. She is so kind and always patient with those naughty children. 她对这些淘气的孩子们是如此和蔼、有耐心。
牛津上海版八年级下册 Module1 unit 1 同步练习题(有答案)
第一单元测试卷Part 1 V ocabulary and Grammar(第一部分词汇和语法）（共38 分）I . Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案）：（14 分）()1. Trees are the biggest and oldest living things on the earth. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A./'livig/B. /'li:vig/C. /li'vg/D. /li:'vg/()2. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation with others?A.She hardly drinks coffee, because coffee is bad for her stomach.B.Tommy enjoys playing cards with his friends at the weekend.C.The escaped prisoner was brought back under armed guard.D.I can hear him singing in the kitchen.()3. The clean water and fresh air in the countryside keep me a nd healthy.A.aliveB. livedC. livingD.live()4. Trees can protect themselves producing a chemical.A. byB. fromC. withD.in()5. Though we live in different countries, we often______ each other by phone or emails.A. communication withB. communicate withC. contact withD. communicate in()6. They are playing chess over there. Let’s go and______them.A.take part inB. attendC. joinD. join in()7. We must try our best to fight pollution.A.forB. againstC. withD. to()8. The seafood his mother cooked tasted so that everyone ate a lot.A.deliciousB.wellC.terriblyD.badly()9. As we all know, people live without oxygen.A.shouldn’tB.mayC.can’tD.can()10. Be quiet! My sister for her exam in the next door.A.preparesB.preparedC.has preparedD.is preparing()11. The water here is not mixed with anything else because it is not polluted by any industrial wastes.A.pollutedB.cleanC.pureD.dirty()12. —Shall we go out for a walk?—Sorry, I can’t. I my homework.A.didB.am doingC.doD.have done()13.Don’t make so much noise. The students________ a Chinese class.A.are havingB.hadC.haveD.were having()14. John is from Britain. He English.A.will speakB.speakC.speaksD.is speaking()15.Students will make great progress if they a subject.A.are interesting inB.are interestingC.are interested inD.are interested()16. Everyone except Jack. He is going over his lessons in the sitting room.A.are sleepingB.is sleepingC.sleepingD.sleepⅡ.Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。
沪教牛津 初中 英语 八年级下册(八下)
country/ˈkʌntri/n. 国家；农村，乡下very/ˈveri/ad. 很，非常before/bɪˈfɔ:(r)/prep.在…以前；在…前面◎ad. 以前◎conj. 在…之前cent/sent/ n. 美分（100cents=1dollar)tell/tel/vt. (told,told)告诉；讲述；吩咐about/əˈbaʊt/ad. 大约；到处；四处◎prep. 关于；在各处；四处seven/ˈsevn/num. 七do/du:, də/v.&aux. (did,done)don't=do not 做，干（用以构成疑问句及否定句。
第三人称单数现在时用 does）不做，不干three/θri:/num. 三spring/sprɪŋ/n. 春天，春季◎n. 泉水，泉wish/wɪʃ/n. 愿望，祝愿◎vt. 希望，想要，祝愿that/ðæt/pron. 那，那个◎conj. 那，那个（引导宾语从句等）◎ad. 那么，那样mother/ˈmʌðə(r)/n. 母亲school/sku:l/n. 学校me/mi:/pron. 我（宾格）from/frɑ:m; frɒm/ prep. 从；从…起；距；来自eighty/ˈeɪti/num. 八十because/bɪˈkɔ:z; bɪˈkɒz/conj. 因为has/hæs; həz/v. 动词 have 的第三人称单数现在式housework/ˈhaʊswɜ:(r)k/n. 家务劳动write/raɪt/v. (wrote,written)书写；写作，著述you/ju:/pron. 你；你们read/ri:d/ v. (read,read)读；朗读in/ɪn/prep. 在…里(内)；在…；以…◎ad. 在家，在内，向内work/wɜ:(r)k/n. 工作，劳动，事情◎vi. 工作；(机器、器官等)运转，活动want/wɑ:nt; wɒnt/ vt. 想，想要；需要，必要this/ðɪs/a.&pron. 这，这个is/ɪz/v.是them/ðem； ðəm/pron. 他/她/它们（宾格）it/ɪt/pron. 它then/ðen/ ad. 当时，那时；然后；那么(通常用于句首或句尾)my/maɪ/pron. 我的girl/gɜ:(r)l/ n. 女孩as/æz ; əz/ conj. 像…一样；如同；因为◎prep. 作为，当做at/æt/prep. 在（几点钟）；在（某处）million/ˈmɪljən/ num. 百万◎n. 百万个（人或物）success/səkˈses/n. 成功name/neɪm/n. 名字，姓名，名称◎vt. 命名，名叫since/sɪns/ad. 从那时以来◎conj. 从…以来，…以后，由于◎prep. 从…以来here/hɪə(r)/ad. 这里，在这里；向这里沪教牛津八下Unit1 More practice单词：other/ˈʌðə(r)/pron. 别人，别的东西◎a. 别的，另外的for/fɔ:(r); fə(r)/prep. 为了…；向…，往…；与…交换；防备…；适合…；因为…；在…期间；对于…；对…来说◎conj. 因为，由于I/aɪ/pron. 我life/laɪf/n. (复lives)生命；生涯；生活；人生；生物lot/lɑ:t; lɒt/n. 许多，好些how/haʊ/ad. 怎样，如何；多少；多么teacher/ˈti:ʧə(r)/n. 教师，教员are/ɑ:(r); ə(r)/v.是China/ ˈʧaɪnə/n. 中国and/ænd； ənd/conj. 和；又；而of/ɒv; əv/prep. (表示所属,数量,其中)…的now/naʊ/ad. 现在class/klɑ:s/,/klæs/n. （学校里的）班；年级；课a/ə; eɪ/art. 一（个、件…）one/wʌn/pron. 一（个，只…）◎num. 一start/stɑ:(r)t/v. 开始，着手；出发go/gəʊ/ vi. (went,gone)去；走；驶；通到；到达◎n. 尝试also/ˈɔ:lsəʊ/ad. 也（做某事）room/ru:m/n. 房间，室；空间；地方many/ˈmeni/ pron. (比较级more,最高级most)许多人（或物）◎a. 许多的way/weɪ/n. 路，路线；方式，手段stay/steɪ/n.&vi. 停留，逗留，呆home/həʊm/n. 家◎ad. 到家；回家the/ði:; ðə/art. 这（那）个，这（那）些（用于特定人或物，序数词,最高级，专有名词，世上独一无二事物前）special/ˈspeʃəl/a. 特别的，专门的help/help/n.&vt. 帮助，帮忙with/wɪð,wɪθ/prep. 关于；带有；以；和；用；有paid/peɪ/v. (paid,paid)付钱，给…报酬◎n. 工资thing/θɪŋ/n. 东西；(复)物品，用品；事情，事件to/tu: ； tə/prep. （动词不定式符号，无词义）；（表示接受动作的人或物）给；对，向，到；在…之前age/eɪdʒ/n. 年龄；时代return/rɪˈtɜ:(r)n/ v. 归还，回，归first/fɜ:(r)st/num. 第一◎a.&ad. 第一；首次；最初◎n. 开始；开端文章：1. Success for Spring Buds2. My name is Feng Guixiang.3. I want to tell you about the China Children and Teenagers' Fund (CCTF) and how it helped me.4. One of the CCTF's special activities is the Spring Bud Project.5. In 1989, 4.8 million children in the country, aged from seven to fourteen, were unable to attend school.6. Eighty-three per cent of them were girls.7. Because of this, the CCTF launched the Spring Bud Project to help them.8. Since then, the project has helped millions of girls return to school.9. It has also built a lot of schools.10. The very first Spring Bud class was here in Guangxi in 1989.parent /ˈperənt; ˈpeərənt/ n. 父(母)，双亲very /ˈveri/ ad. 很，非常bring /brɪŋ/ vt. (brought,brought)拿来，带来，取来paint /peɪnt/ n. 油漆◎vt. 油漆，粉刷，绘画during /ˈdjʊərɪŋ/,/ˈdʊrɪŋ/ prep. 在…期间；在…过程中three /θri:/ num. 三without /wɪˈðaʊt/ prep. 没有leg /leg/ n. 腿；腿脚；支柱offer /ˈɒfə/,/ˈɑ:fər/ n. 提供；建议these /ði:z/ a.&pron. 这些music /ˈmju:zɪk/ n. 音乐，乐曲her /hɜ:(r)/ pron. 她(宾格),她的friend /frend/ n. 朋友near /nɪə(r)/ a.近的◎ad. 附近，邻近◎prep. 在…附近，靠近because /bɪˈkɔ:z; bɪˈkɒz/ conj. 因为lonely /ˈləʊnli/ a. 孤独的，寂寞的write /raɪt/ v. (wrote,written)书写；写作，著述they /ðeɪ/ pron. 他（她）们；它们；人们in /ɪn/ prep. 在…里(内)；在…；以…◎ad. 在家，在内，向内work /wɜ:(r)k/ n. 工作，劳动，事情◎vi. 工作；(机器、器官等)运转，活动want /wɑ:nt; wɒnt/ vt. 想，想要；需要，必要understand /ˌʌndə(r)ˈstænd/ v.(understood,understood)懂得；明白；理解them /ðem ； ðəm/ pron. 他/她/它们（宾格）is /ɪz/ v.是it /ɪt/ pron. 它hurt /hɜ:(r)t/ vt. (hurt,hurt)伤害，受伤；伤人感情I /aɪ/ pron. 我accident /ˈæksɪdənt/ n. 事故，意外的事lot /lɑ:t; lɒt/ n. 许多，好些are /ɑ:(r); ə(r)/ v.是have /hæv; həv/ vt. (had,had)有；吃；喝；进行；经受disabled /dɪsˈeɪbld/ a. 残废的，残疾的illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. 疾病a /ə; eɪ/ art. 一（个、件…）one /wʌn/ pron. 一（个，只…）◎num. 一spirit /ˈspɪrɪt/ n. 精神photo /ˈfəʊtəʊ/ n. =photograph 照片many /ˈmeni/ pron. (比较级more,最高级most)许多人（或物）◎a. 许多的picture /ˈpɪktʃə(r)/ n. 图片，画片，照片the /ði:; ðə/ art. 这（那）个，这（那）些（用于特定人或物，序数词,最高级，专有名词，世上独一无二事物前）11. The Spring Bud Project paid for me to attend that class.12. It also rented a room close to the school for me.13. Before the project started, I stayed at home and helped my mother with the housework.14. Going to school changed my life.15. I learnt to read and write and do many other things.16. Now I work as a teacher at a Spring Bud school here in Guangxi.17. I wish to help other girls the way the Spring Bud Project helped me.Unit1 Reading 单词：call/kɔ:l/n. 喊，叫；电话，通话◎v. 称呼；呼唤；喊，叫help/help/n.&vt. 帮助，帮忙meet/mi:t/vt. (met,met)遇见，见到◎n. 会；集会to/tu: ； tə/prep. （动词不定式符号，无词义）；（表示接受动作的人或物）给；对，向，到；在…之前story/ˈstɔ:ri/n. 故事，小说but/bʌt; bət/conj. 但是，可是◎prep. 除了，除…外use/ju:z/vt. 利用，使用，应用tell/tel/vt. (told,told)告诉；讲述；吩咐do/du:, də/v.&aux. (did,done)don't=do not 做，干（用以构成疑问句及否定句。
八年级英语下册 Chapter1(France is calling)同步练习1 上海牛津版 试题
Chapter 1 France is calling一. Complete the sentences with proper words according to the given descriptions in the brackets.（根据括号中所给的单词释义，用适当的单词完成下列句子。
）1. Anderson goes a ______（to another country）for her holidays every year.2. There is not much a ______（connected with farming）land in Hong Kong now.3. Washington D.C. is the c______（the most important city of a country, where the government is）of the United States of America.4. The king built many c_________（big buildings usually from hundreds of years ago which are very strong, to keep your enemies out）to control the country.5. Rice and soya beans are main c______（plants grown for food or for a product）6. What is the d______（the place which you are travelling to ）of that minibus ?It is going to Shanghai Stadium.7. This umbrella e______（allows somebody to do something, makes able/ possible）me to stay dry in the rain.8. There is a h_______（very big）amount of work still to be done.9. Charlie Chaplin had a big i_______（effect, power to change someo ne’s ideas）on films.10. Big Ben is one of the l_______（famous places, places which help you find your way if you are lost）on London’s skyline.11. His n______（friendly or funny name ）is ‘Fatty’ because he always eats.12. She is responsible for the organization in the London r______（area, part of a country ）.13. This pen always r______（helps or makes someone remember something）me of Rome, because I bought it there.14. The coach will take you through the most s_______（having good scenery and views, good to look at）parts of Beijing.15. I shall remember that happy day f______（for all time, always）.16. I o_______（said or showed that you would do or give something if another person wanted it ）to help her.17. London has many a______（something that people like and feel interested in）, such as Big Ben and Buckingham Palace.18. She is studying the c______（arts, ideas and way of life of a group of people ）of the American Indians.二.1.Sydney is our final ______（destination, departure）.2. The _______（world, world’s ）population was about 1,700 million at the beginning of the twentieth century.3. There is nothing ______（farther, further）to be said.4. She was ______（amazed, amazing）that he could finish the work in only ten minutes.5. Sally has been in china for five years, so she ______（has got used to, has used to ）theChinese food.6. What you said______（reminds, remembers ）me of last year.三. 完形填空Nearly everybody enjoys chicken, and the most famous name in chicken is Kentucky Fried Chicken. Mr Sanders, the man who started this ___1___ was not always very rich. At one time, he ___2___ a small gas station next to a highway（公路）. Many truck drivers ___3___ there to get gas and take a rest. Mr Sanders realized they were often ___4___, so he began serving sandwiches and coffee. ___5___ the sandwiches he made tasted good, and didn’t ___6___ too much, more and more ___7___ came to eat at his place. ___8___ Mr Sanders began to serve fried chicken. People ___9___ it very much, and his new business grew rapidly. Not long after, however, another highway was ___10___, and many drivers no longer went ___11___ Mr Sanders’ restaurant. So he had to ___12___ it. Then he traveled around the country ___13___ to sell his idea of opening fried chicken restaurants. He ___14___. By 1967, there were almost 5000 Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants. And now, ___15___ you go in the United States, you will see one. If you like chicken, I’m sure, you’ll enjoy eating Kentucky Fried Chicken.1. A. business B. shop C.life D. search2. A. found B. worked C.saw D. owned3. A. passed B. got to C.stopped D. left4. A. late B. hungry C.tired D. sick5. A. Although B. If C.As D. Once6. A. need B. pay C.spend D. cost7. A. passengers B. drivers C.students D. doctors8. A. Then B. So C.But D. For9. A. ate B. liked C.tried D. drank10. A. appeared B. found C.built D. broken11. A. out B. to C. over D. on12. A. close B. run C.return D. take13. A. trying B. believing C.thinking D. suggesting14. A. failed B. fails C.succeeds D. succeeded15. A. whenever B. wherever C.where D. when四. 阅读分析（A）“I don’t like my parents. They always tell me I should do this, and should not do that. It sometimes makes me angry，” said Zhang Hua，a middle school student in Guangzhou. Do you have the same problem? Perhaps your parents had the same problem when they were your age long ago. Why does it seem that some parents are not so friendly in their children’s eyes?One of the biggest things is when someone becomes a parent，he/she likes worrying things. They worry about everything about you，from the time you were born. They do a lot for you，though something would make you angry，because they care about you and worry about you. They worry about your choice of friends，the food you eat，your work at school，how much sleep you get，etc. All these things are part of your life. They want you to grow up healthily and happily.So how can you make things easier on yourself? It’s easier than you think. Just make sure your parents know what you’re doing. Get them to know your friends. Phone if you stay somewhere else so that your parents don’t call every hospital in the phone book looking for your body. Say sorry to them when you make mistakes. Take responsibility（责任）for what you have done. Talk about your ideas with them. They may talk about theirs with you.Most of all，try to think about why your parents do this or do that. They are still practising being parents and need help you can give them. Someday，when you become a parent，they may be able to help you how to get on with your children.1. The writer thinks we should _____ if we go back home later than usual.A. tell our friendsB. tell the teacherC. say sorry to our parentsD. make a telephone call to our parents2. The writer thinks _____.A. it’s wrong of parents to worry about their children too mu chB. some parents are unfriendly, which makes their children angryC. children should do everything as their parents sayD. parents love their children very much and the children should understand them3. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Parents’ ResponsibilityB. How to Get on with Parents?C. Zhang Hua’s ProblemD. What Are Parents Worrying about?（B）The aim（目的）of students who came to school is to study. But to study requires（需要）a right way，or you waste either the time or the money. The following are the ways of studying.The best time for reading is morning，because in the morning，the air is fresh and the mind is clear. For that reason，we can get good result（结果）.In studying we must have patience（耐心）. If we have not known a text well，we must read it again. We should not read the next one till we have learned the first one.When we are studying，we must put our hearts into the book，or we can get nothing from the book while we are reading.We must always ask “whys”. If it is not well understood，write it down and ask our teachers or our parents，or friends. In any possible way，we must know it completely and what we’ve learned can be used well and made better.Though there are many ways for studying，yet the above mentioned（提到的）will be quite enough if we can keep them in heart and do so.1. The passage tells us ______.A. the importance of readingB. to read in the morningC. to pay attention to the ways of studyingD. to have patience in studying2. The passage has taught us ______ ways for studying.A. threeB. fourC.five D. many3. We’d better read in the morning because ______.A. it’s easy to remember what we have learnedB. the air is fresh and the mind is clearC. it’s difficult to get good resultsD. both A and B.4. If we can’t put our hearts into the book when we read，it is ______.A. easy to understand it wellB. better to get something from itC. impossible for us to get something from itD. possible to learn something from it5. In studying we must always ask “whys” in order to ______.A. understand the book wellB. write down the questionsC. do with the new wordsD. get some questions to ask our teachers【试题答案】一. 1. abroad 2. agricultural 3. capital 4. castles 5. crops 6.destination7. enables 8. huge 9. influence 10. landmarks 11.nickname 12. region13. reminds 14. scenic 15. forever 16. offered 17. attractions 18. culture二. 1. destination 2. world’s 3. further 4. amazed 5. has got used to6. reminds三. 1~5 ADCBC 6~10 DBABC 11~15 BAADB四. （A）1. D 2. D 3. B（B）1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A。
1. 3本册综合 同步素材(牛津上海版八年级下册)
M1U2P161.value n. 价值valuable adj. 贵重的,值钱的more valuablethe most valuable2.with (反) withoutwithout water = If there’s no water3.litre=liter 升two litres of water 两升水4.day---daily5.exercise v.锻炼exercise n. 练习(可数)exercise n. 锻炼(不可数)6.the amount of water用水量7.an amount of +不可数名词许多amounts of +不可数名词许多a large/ huge/ great amount of+不可数名词大量的a small amount of+不可数名词少量的a number of+可数名词许多the number of+可数名词（后面动词用单数）…的数量8.increase v. 增加decrease v. 减少（reduce）9.remain v. 保持不变remain the same保持相同10.freeze 结冰，不动，停住freeze → froze → frozenfrozen food/ground速冻食品/冻结的地面freezing weather / water极冷的天气/ 水11.liquid 液体solid 固体gas 气体12.be covered with 被覆盖13.one third, two thirds三分之一；三分之二14.the chemical symbol for water水的化学符号15.flow into 流入flow---flowed---flowed16.run into streams and rivers流向小溪,河流17.rise from the sea to the sky从海里升华到天空rise from…to…从…升起, 到达….区别raise –raised—raised +名词rise-rose-risen不能加名词18.fall n.秋天fall-fell-fallen v. 落下fall asleep入睡feel sleepy感到困倦fall from the clouds as rain作为雨从云朵里降落下来P171.in the bathroom在浴室2.brush her teeth刷她的牙齿3.be on/off 开着的/ 关着的4.pour into the washbasin 倒入洗脸盆5.vanish down the drain沿着下水道流下去不见了vanish (近) disappear(反) appear 出现6.say loudly大声地说7.turn on打开turn off 关掉turn up 开大turn down 关小turn that tap off = turn off that tap关水龙头turn it off8.look around / round 环顾四周9.waste water 浪费水10.sound impatient 听起来不耐烦的feel, look, sound, smell, tastepatient n. 病人patient adj. 耐心的impatient adj. 不耐烦的patiently adv. 耐心地impatiently adv. 不耐心地patience n.耐心impatience n.不耐心11.obey-obeyed-obeyed 遵守obey = follow(反) disobey 违反12.a drop of water 一滴水drop n. 一滴v. 使降落，降低drop---dropped---dropped13.It is + adj. (for / of sb.) to do…It is + adj + that …It’s kind of you to help me.It’s important for us to save water.14.Do you know where I’m from?你知道我是来自哪的吗?15.float comfortably舒服地漂浮comfort → comfortable → comfortably→uncomfortable. → uncomfortably16.enjoy the view 欣赏风景view n. 视线, 风景, 观点in my view 在我看来17.drop me into a stream使我掉进了小溪里drop…into…把…抛入…18.speed (speed-sped-sped)speed down the mountain沿着山坡快速下滑19.the Yangtze River 长江the Huangpu River 黄浦江20.carry me to a lake 把我带到一个湖泊carry sb. to sp.21.travel a long way长途跋涉22.relax v.放松, 休息relaxation n.23.run into the Huangpu River流入黄浦江24.clean up 净化get cleaned up 被净化了25.It’s time to d o …It’s time for …是做…的时候了26.sound puzzled 听起来感到困惑的puzzle v. 使迷惑/使困惑puzzling adj. 令人困惑的27.a water treatment works 一家水处理厂treat v. 对待, 治疗work n. 工作(不可数) works n. 工厂28.give sb. a thorough cleaning给某人做一次彻底的清洗thorough=completethoroughly adv. 彻底地clean adj. 干净的v. 净化, 清洁cleaning n 打扫29.travel in the pipes under the street在街道下面的管道里流淌30.add a few chemicals to me往我身上加了一些化学物质add A to B 把A加入B31.the end of your journey 你旅程的终点32.finish with用完33.a sewage plant = a sewage works 一家污水处理厂34.延续动词+ until…瞬间动词+ not until…35.pump…into…把…抽到…36.remember (not) to do 记住(不)去做某事remember doing 记得曾经做过某事forget to do 忘记去做某事forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事37.be back in the sea返回到海洋38.wait a minute等一下39.What do you mean by sth./ doing…?你的意思是…?40.be like liquid gold像液体黄金41.no reply = no answer没有回音e out of the bathroom从浴室里出来43.talk to对某人说话talk with和某人说话talk about谈论44.strange = weird 奇怪的P181.fall down下降2.go up上升3.be able to do能够做某事4.be unable to do不能够做某事5.in a comfortable way以一种舒适的方式P20-221.uncountable nouns不可数名词2.plural countable nouns可数名词的复数3. a lot of= lots of + 可数/不可数5．plenty of + 可数/不可数6．enough + 可数/不可数7．some, any, no, none+ 可数/不可数许多大量的足够的8. a few / several + 可数a little + 不可数9. few + 可数little + 不可数一些几乎没有10. not manynot much `不是太多11. too many / muchtoo few / little 太多太少12. a ( large / great ) number of +a number of +可数a large / huge /small amount ofan amount of+ 不可数a great deal of + 不可数可数+ 不可数13. only / quite / still/ just +a few/a little14. too / so / very + few / little15. fry some prawns for dinner为晚餐煎虾16. look at his recipe看他的菜单17. the amounts of the ingredients原料的数量18. red peeper红椒19. tomato sauce番茄酱20. cooking oil食用油21. gram 克kilogram 千克P231. a one- yuan coin一枚一元的硬币2.pocket money 零用钱3.rather dirty 相当脏P251.in charge of掌管2.represent 代表3.ordinary people 普通人4.restaurant owners 餐馆老板5.hospital managers医院经理6.factory owners工厂老板7.equipment n. 设备equip v. 装备8.need water for doing…需要水做…9.save water节约水P261.make flow charts制作一个流程图2.step by step 一步接一步P271.ocean water海水2.that is to say那就是说3.be drinkable可以饮用的4.human beings人类5.pollute groundwater污染地下水6.motor oil机油7.drinking water饮用水8.fill up a coffee cup装满一咖啡杯9.have to do不得不…10.leave the water running让水一直流11.believe it or not信不信由你12.flush down our toilet冲洗马桶13.at least 5 minutes至少5分钟14.even more water甚至更多的水15.easily use容易地使用16.more easily the most easily17.it does not matter没关系18.a dripping tap一个滴水的龙头。
上海牛津沪教版八年级(下)同步讲义unit2
—－可编辑修改，可打印——别找了你想要的都有！精品教育资料——全册教案，，试卷，教学课件，教学设计等一站式服务——全力满足教学需求，真实规划教学环节最新全面教学资源，打造完美教学模式第二讲Unit2 Water上海牛津沪教版八年级(下)同步讲义Unit2 Water适用学科初中英语适用年级初中二年级适用区域上海课时时长（分钟）120分钟（一对一）知识点知识点1：本单元词汇知识点2：词组知识点3：句型知识点4：过去进行时知识点5：不定式的用法知识点6：定语从句教学目标知识：学生能够基本掌握8年级上册Unit2中的词汇、词组、句型及语法。
方法：牢记各个知识点的用法，归纳总结异同点，通过习题加强巩固。
能力：熟练掌握各种词汇的用法；具备准确判断词性及转换的能力；熟练掌握过去进行时时态；熟练掌握不定式的用法；熟练掌握定语从句；教学重点词性转换；不定式的用法；定语从句；教学难点不定式的用法教学过程一、课堂导入教师讲述一个与本节课题目有关的英文小故事，引出今日所要讲解的知识点，然后让学生简单梳理一下所涉及的问题，带着问题学习本节课的内容。
二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课学的重点内容，检测单词的用法，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过英文小故事导入本节课所要学习的新知识。
三、知识讲解1. 知识点一：重点单词1）daily [ˈdeɪli]【词性】adv.【词义】每天【经典例句】Your body needs about two litres of water daily.你的身体每天需要两升左右的水。
2）amount [əˈmaʊnt]【词性】n.【词义】数量；数额【易混淆点】an amount of 大量的，修饰不可数名词a number of 大量的，修饰可数名词【经典例句】When you exercise, the amount of water you need increase.当你锻炼的时候，你身体需要水的量就增加了。
1.1 本册综合 同步素材 (牛津译林版八年级下册)
牛津英语8年级下册动词的时态和语态精粹用括号中动词的适当的形式填空。
1．The boy is happy because he ___________(sell) out all the newspapers.2．The plan _____________(give) up because of the heavy rain.3．If it __________(not rain) tomorrow, we ____________(go )fishing.4．Where ____________you____________(be) these days?5．Where is Tom? He _________(go) to the post office. He said he _________(come) back soon.6．Mike says he _________(want )to be a worker after he _________ (finish )school. 7．The last bus ____________just ________(leave) when they ________(get) to the bus stop.8．She _________(not go) to bed until she _______(finish) her work.9．Light ___________(travel )much faster than sound.10．I __________(feel) much better after I _______(take) the medicine.11．”Where ________we________(meet)?”“Let’s meet outside the park gate.”12．I_________(be) afraid Mr Johnson __________(not visit) out school tomorrow. 13．I _________(lost) my bike ._________you _________(see) it anywhere?14．________this kind of car __________(produce) in Shanghai?15．We __________(see) several members of the family since we ________(arrive) 16．I found that the students _________(play) football on the playground.17．The shop ___________(close) at this time of day.18．Where ________your watch _________(lose)?19．________the doctor __________(send) for last night?20．Three children ___________(invite) to the party by Miss Li yesterday. 21．Some children ___________(take ) good care by the nurse.22．Some new houses _________(build) by the villagers themselves.23．What language ________(speak) in Australia?24．The colour TV _________(buy) in that shop three days ago.25．He said he __________(stay) here for another two days.26．The doctor said Jim must ________(operate ) on at once.27．“__________the bridge _______(repair) yet?”“Yes, the workers_______ already______(repair) it.”28．We are in Grade One this year, so we _________(teach ) physics next year. 29．“Where _________(be) you last night?”“I_________(ask) to help Tom at home”30．The big tree ________(blow)down in the storm last night.31．I________ never ________(eat) such delicious noodles before.32．When we reached the town, it _______(get) dark.33．We ________(have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door. 34．Lucy said she ________(visit) the school the next month.35．I ________(wait) until he comes back.36．You ________(watch) TV after supper, aren’t you?37．They _________(be) to that small village several times.38.If it _________(snow) tomorrow , we won’t go to the cinema.39.I (study) it since I was ten years old.40．Could you tell me if you _________(read) the story book before?41．He said the lights in the room _________(go) out when he opened the door. 42．I _________(be) fifteen soon.43．Tom, your aunt _______(come) this afternoon .44．My teacher often _________(tell) us not to play on the street.45．They________(plant) trees on the hill. Do you see?46．The teacher said that the earth ________(move) round the sun.47．She said she _______(put) on a new coat the next day.48．The Great Wall _________(know) all over the world.49．Could you tell me where Alice ________ (live)?50．________the film ______(show) many times since last Sunday.51．________the street lights usually _______(turn) on at seven in summer evening? 52．I _______(not go) to the cinema because I ________(see) the film before. 53．It ________(get) dark. What about ________(go) home at once?54．You ________(be) late if you __________(not hurry).55．Use your head and you _________(find) a better way.56．Look！Someone ________(lie) on the floor.57．It __________(rain) harder now. It ________(rain) quite often in summer. 58．Here _______(come) the bus.59．I don’t know when the manager ________(return), but when be _________(come) back I _________(let) you know.60．“Where ________(be) you this time yesterday?”“I________(be) at home. I _______(go) over my lessons then.”答案1．has sold 2．will be given up/ has been given up 3．doesn’t rain, will go 4．have, been 5．has gone, would come 6．wants, finishes 7．had, left, got 8．won’t go, finishes 9．travels 10．felt, had taken 11．shall/will, meet 12．am, won’t visit13．have lost, Have seen 14．is, produced 15．Have seen, arrived 16．were playing 17．is closed 18．was, lost/ has been lost 19．was, sent 20.were invited21．are taken 22．have been built 23．is spoken 24．was bought25．would stay 26．be operated 27．has, been repaired, have repaired28．will be taught 29．were ,was asked, 30．was blown 31．have, eaten32．got/ had got 33．were having 34．would visit 35．will wait36．are watching 37．have been 38．snows 39．have studied 40．have read 41．had been gone 42．will be/ am 43．will come 44．tells45．are planting 46．moves 47．would put 48．is known 49．lives50．has, been shown 51．are, turned 52．won’t go, have seen53．gets, going 54．will be, don’t hurry 55．will find 56．is lying57．is raining/ rains, rains 58．comes 59．will return, comes, will let60．were, was, was going。
牛津上海版英语八年级下册综合能力训练
⽜津上海版英语⼋年级下册综合能⼒训练Unit 4 Newspapers. 综合能⼒训练新词对对碰：重点词语达达标I. ⽤单词的正确形式完成句⼦。
1.My________ are either we go out to eat or we cook by ourselves. (suggest)2.I’d like to comment very ________ on that last statement. (brief)3.Right or left? In your life there will be times when you have to make a ________. (decide)4.Because of the heavy snow, John had no ________. He had to wait in the station. (choose)5.Mary has been ________ of her class newspaper for about two years. (edit)要点跟踪练：重点知识演练场I. 单项选择。
1.Do you know what time ________?A．did the train leave B．does the train leaveC．will the train leave D．the train leaves2.Somebody called you just now, but I didn’t know ________.A．who were they B．who they were C．who was it D．who it was3.Could you tell me ________?A．how often they will publish the newspaperB．how soon they would publish the newspaperC．how often will they publish the newspaperD．how soon would they publish the newspaper4.You ________ make an apology (道歉) to him for breaking the beautiful vase.A．ought to B．can C．may D．couldII. 阅读理解。
沪教牛津版八年级下册英语全册教学课件
沪教牛津版八年级下册英语全册教学课件一、引言本课件适用于沪教牛津版八年级下册英语课程的教学，旨在帮助学生全面提高英语综合能力。
本课件涵盖了整个学年的教学内容，注重学生英语综合能力的培养，包括听、说、读、写四个方面。
二、教学目标1. 学生能够掌握本册书中的重点词汇和短语，并能够运用它们进行口头和书面表达。
2. 学生能够听懂并正确运用本册书中的语法知识，提高英语理解能力。
3. 学生能够流利地进行英语口头表达，包括对话和短文朗读。
4. 学生能够正确书写本册书中的重点句型和短文，提高写作能力。
三、教学内容及方法1. 词汇和短语教学：通过图片、实物、例句等方式进行教学，帮助学生理解记忆。
同时进行听写和口语练习，提高词汇运用能力。
教学方法：图片展示+词汇讲解+例句演示+听写+口语练习。
2. 语法教学：通过例句和练习帮助学生理解并运用本册书的语法知识。
教学方法：例句讲解+练习设计+学生实践+反馈评价。
3. 对话和短文教学：采用角色扮演、小组讨论、朗读等方式进行教学，鼓励学生积极参与，提高口语表达能力。
教学方法：对话表演+小组讨论+朗读练习+背诵。
4. 重点句型和短文书写教学：通过范例和指导的方式，帮助学生掌握正确的书写格式和表达方式。
教学方法：句型讲解+范例展示+学生实践+反馈评价。
5. 利用多媒体资源，如视频、音频、网络资源等，拓展教学内容，提高学生的学习兴趣。
教学方法：视频观看+听力训练+网络资源利用。
6. 定期进行口语和写作练习的评估和反馈，帮助学生改进和提高。
教学方法：练习批改+反馈交流+建议提出。
四、教学进度本学期共18周，每周5节英语课。
教学内容分为18个单元，每个单元分为4个部分（词汇、语法、对话/短文、书写）。
每个部分需要3-4周完成。
具体教学进度如下：第1-4周：Unit 1-4 词汇和短语，简单语法；第5-7周：Unit 5-8 较长语法，对话表演；第9-12周：Unit 9-12 短文阅读和写作；第13-16周：复习和测试；第17-18周：期末复习和考试。
Unit 1 第1课时 词汇-八年级英语下册(牛津上海版)
Trees
Episode 1
牛津上海版 英语 八年级 第二学期
牛津上海版 英语 八年级 第二学期
本节课讲解词汇部分
第1节
Words and expressions
Ⅰ. Words. 1. fighter 斗士；战士
e.g. She won't give up easily; she's a real fighter. 她不会轻易放弃 的，她是一个真正的斗土。
6. release v. 释放，解放 e. g. I released the horse and it ran away. 我放了这匹马，让它跑了。
Four prisoners were released. 四名犯人被释放了。 【知识拓展】 release n. 释放；解脱 e.g. She can expect an early release from prison. 她有望早一点儿出 狱。
in the front of 在...(内部)的前面
She stands in the front of the classroom. 【拓展2】 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
3. Sometimes you may not understand your parents because
2. He is always adding "e" in front of the letter "t" when he
spells the word "ninth", so his English teacher forced him to copy "ninth" one hundred times. 当他拼ninth这个单词的时 候，总是在 t前加e，所以他的英语老师强迫他把ninth这个 单词抄写一百遍。 【拓展1】 in front of 在...的前面
牛津上海版八年级下册英语期中重点知识点复习
八年级下英语期中重点知识点复习教案复习要点1. Word TransformationUnit1Unit2Unit3Unit 42. PhrasesU11. be interested in= have（great）interest in sth/doing sth 对…有（浓厚的）兴趣2. show（great）interest in sth/doing sth 对…表现出（浓厚的）兴趣3. fight for/against…为…/反对…而战4. have a fight with sb 与…打架5. take a deep breath 深呼吸6. one another = each other 互相7. air pollution 空气污染noise pollution 噪音污染壤污染water pollution 水污染soil pollution土壤污染8. be known as = be famous for 以…而出名9. release A into B 将A释放到B中take A from B 从B中取出A10. of course = certainly 当然U21.clean up 净化2.have/take a good rest (好好)休息一下3.a sewage plant 污水处理厂4.in reply to …作为对…的答复5.a water treatment works 自来水厂6. make （no）reply （不）作答复7.in the first place 首先，最初8. pure（A）into B）（把A）倒入（B）9.enjoy the view 欣赏风景enjoy +yourselves 玩的愉快enjoy +n或+V-ing 欣赏…喜欢…10.look around=look round 环顾四周look词组拓展：look for 寻找look like…看起来像…look after 照顾look up and down 上下打量look up…查阅look out=watch out小心；留神look down on sb 轻视；瞧不起look forward to +V-ing 盼望U 31.change…into… 把…改变成…2.different kinds of energy 不同种类的能量3.heat energy 热能4.moving energy 动能5.light energy 光能6.sound energy 声能7. a dangerous servant 一个危险地仆人8. a packet of sweets 一袋糖果9.trick sb. 戏弄某人U4 hold a meeting/be at the meeting 举行会议decide to do sth. 决定做某事the chief editor 主编suggest that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事vote for 投票（支持）elect sb. to be 选举某人做……take charge of 管理；掌管ought to do sth. 应该做某事take notes 记笔记be responsible for 对…负责make a list of sth. 列……的清单have an idea 想出主意think about… 考虑关于…make a decision about 做关于…的决定agree to do sth. 同意做某事arrange to do sth. 安排做某事U1-U4 基础练习1. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.1. The boy is lying on the bed_________________ (comfortable) and listening to music.2.My brother is always________________ (patient) when he is doing his homework, so healways makes mistakes.3.The man's ________________ (work) became famous after he died.4.The boss has a plan to use fewer workers to do _______________ (much) work.5.Ken's voice sounded________________ (puzzle) when he heard a strange voice.6.We cleaned our________(chemical)lab yesterday afternoon.2. Choose the best answer1．the sixteenth of August, they arrived in London.A. OnB. InC. AtD. By2. There is “x” in the word, and it’s second letter in the word.A. an, theB. a, aC. the, anD. the, the3. I’m old enough to wash ________ clothes by myself. You can just wash ________.A. my; yourB. mine; yourC. my; yoursD. your, my4. There are more than three different trees in the forests.A. thousands ofB. thousand ofC. thousandsD. thousand5 Not only his parents but also his brother to Lucky Island twice.A. have beenB. have goneC. has beenD. has gone6. I think beef better than pork.A. was tastedB. tastedC. is tastingD. tastes7. It’s hard to keep the house with three kids.A. cleaning.B. to cleanC. cleanedD. clean8. Trees are important to us. Trees cool the air clean it.A. as well asB. so better asC. as good asD. as better as9. A: The teacher told Charles late for school again. .A. not to beB. not beC. don’t beD. not to10. Whales are one of in the world.A. largest animalsB. the largest animalsC. largest animalD. the largest animal3. Grammar第一单元现在进行时现在进行时的标志：1.句中有副词now时，，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。
上海牛津沪教版八年级(下)同步讲义unit1
第一讲Unit1 Tree上海牛津沪教版八年级(下)同步讲义Unit1 Tree适用学科初中英语适用年级初中二年级适用区域上海课时时长（分钟）120分钟（一对一）知识点知识点1：本单元词汇知识点2：词组知识点3：句型知识点4：动名词的用法知识点5：不定式的用法知识点6：形容词的比较级与最高级教学目标知识：学生能够基本掌握8年级上册Unit1中的词汇、词组、句型及语法。
方法：牢记各个知识点的用法，归纳总结异同点，通过习题加强巩固。
能力：熟练掌握各种词汇的用法；具备准确判断词性及转换的能力；熟练掌握形容词的比较级与最高级；熟练运用动名词的能力。
教学重点词性转换；形容词副词级别；动名词用法；教学难点不定式的用法教学过程一、课堂导入教师讲述一个与本节课题目有关的英文小故事，引出今日所要讲解的知识点，然后让学生简单梳理一下所涉及的问题，带着问题学习本节课的内容。
二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课学的重点内容，检测单词的用法，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过英文小故事导入本节课所要学习的新知识。
三、知识讲解1. 知识点一：重点单词1）average [ˈævərɪdʒ]【词性】adj.【词义】平均的【经典例句】Match the living things on the left with the average ages on the right.把左边的生命和右边的平均年龄连线。
2）item [ˈaɪtəm]【词性】n.【词义】一件物品【易混淆点】item 一件物品；项目event 活动项目【经典例句】Which of the following items come from trees?以下哪件物品时来自树？3）product [ˈprɒdʌkt]【词性】n.【词义】产品【易混淆点】product 产品produce 生产【经典例句】This is kind of new product.这是一款新的产品。
沪教牛津版初中英语八下教材短语句型知识点汇总
Unit 1 Helping those in need阅读：读三名学生关于他们的志愿服务工作(voluntary work义务性工作)的报告。
听力：听一个关于筹钱活动的广播节目。
语法：学习如何使用不定式。
口语：学习谈论计划。
谈论你想参加的志愿活动。
写作：给校长写一封信,报请批准筹钱。
A. 短语归纳1. in need 需要帮助的2. voluntary work 志愿服务工作3. talk about 谈论4. write a letter to sb. 给某人写信5. ask permission 报请批准6. give sb. a hand 帮助某人7. suffer from 因…受苦;受折磨8. take photos of: 给…拍照9. lots of/a lot of 许多,大量10. raise one' s spirts 使振奋;使鼓起勇气11. in the future 在将来12. in good health 身体健康13. in bad health 身体不好14. be afraid of 害怕15.so that 以便,为了16. in hospital 生病住院17. make friends with sb. 跟某人交朋友18. bring sth.to sb. 将某物带给某人19. play tennis 打网球20. on Saturday 在周六21. in order to 目的在于,为了22. because of 因为23. since then 从那时起24. pay for 支付25. stay at home 待在家里26. help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人27. close to 靠近28. listen for 留心听29. talk to 和……交谈30. use...for. 把…用于……31. give sb. some advice 给某人一些建议32. take part in 参加33. millions ofa 数以百万计的B. 句型归纳1. would like to do sth. 想要做某事2. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事3. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事4. want to do sth. 想做某事5. help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事6. continue to do sth. 继续做某事7. have difficulty(in) doing sth. 做某事有困难8. need to do sth. 需要做某事9. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事10. used to do sth, 过去常常做某事11. how much+ 不可数名词多少12. decide to do sth. 决定做某事13. begin to do sth. 开始做某事14. like to do sth. 喜欢做某事15. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事16. plan to do sth. 计划做某事17. think about doing sth. 考虑做某事18. one of+ 复数名词/代词……之ー19. be unable to do sth. 不能做某事20. learn to do sth. 学习做某事21. wish to do sth. 希望做某事22. hope to do sth. 希望做某事23. make+sb./sth.+ 形容词使某人/某物…24. Thanks for( doing)sh. 因(做)某事而感谢。
1. 1 Chapter 7 A newspaper 同步素材(牛津上海版八年级下册) (2)
Chapter 7 A new newspaper一、选择：1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.A. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.A. leave; forB. leave; toC. left; toD. to be left; for3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.A. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. has gone4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. should do; be setD. had done; must be set5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .A. can; itB. /; /C. would; itD. may; /6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.A. for; toB. that; beC. which; should beD. to; being7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.A. would be sentB. should sendC. be sentD. must be sent8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.A. will protectB. should protectC. shall protectD. are protecting9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.A. Will there beB. Should there beC. There will beD. There should be11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .A. would be savedB. would have been savedC. will be savedD. had been saved13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. wouldB. should haveC. mayD. have14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.A. I amB. I would beC. I wasD. I were15. I _____ you some money, but I had n’t any on me then.A. would lendB. would have lentC. could lendD. may have lent16. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.A. have caughtB. had caughtC. could have caughtD. were to catch17. —“Have you ever been to Beijing?”—“No, but I wish I _____”A. haveB. willC. doD. had18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .A. I may have failedB. I’d failC. I’d have failedD. I’ll have failed19. —“What will you do during the summer holiday?”—“I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something. ”A. I’m decidingB. I’ll decideC. I decidedD. I decide20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?A. should snowB. would snowC. snowD. will snow21. If only I _____ my watch!A. hadn’t lostB. haven’t lostC. didn’t lostD. do n’t lose22. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.A. may not makeB. might not makeC. shouldn’t have madeD. might not have made23. We _____ the work on time without your help.A. hadn’t had finishedB. didn’t have finishedC. couldn’t have finishedD. can’t have finished24. —“Where have you been?”—“I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner. ”A. I would be hereB. I have been hereC. I had been hereD. I would have been here25. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.A. wereB. had beenC. areD. should be二、填入适当的引导词1. I haven’t heard from him _____ he went to America.2. He won’t be here _____ he is invited.3. He will not go to the cinema _____ he is very busy.4. We found the key _____ she had left it.5. We found the books two days ____ he had gone away.6. We had no sooner got to the station _____ the train left.7. He speaks English ______ he were an Englishman.8. He is explaining clearly _______ they could understand.9. Do not leave the room _____ you have finished the test.10. She sang ______ she went along.三、改错1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can.2. Since her husband had died，so she had to support her family.3. He won’t go out until his mother will come.4. He was very foolish that he didn’t pass such an easy exam.5. Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home.6. It was three months since he came to our school.7. The playground of our school is larger than their school.8. The streets in Nanjing are wider than Shanghai.9. Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.10. She sings songs as if she is a bird.四、找出从句并指出是哪类从句1. It depends on whether we have enough time.2. The question he asked was where the electrical equipment should be stored.3. The mountain is no longer what it used to be.4. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.5. He was not the man that he was before.6. Now you was free，why not go swimming with us？7. Where there are schools and colleges，there are examinations.8. Bad habits，once firmed，are difficult to give up.9. She often wears the same kind of skirt as her twin sister does.10. The moment he opened the window，a bird flew in.五、填入适当的引导词完成句子1. ____ will do the experiment comes to the professor’s office.2. ___ will do the experiment hasn’t b een decided.3. The teacher didn’t leave ______ twelve o’clock.4. ______ the day went on，the weather got worse.5. _____ she is young，she knows quite a lot.6. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.7. You will be late ____ you leave immediately.8. Go and get your coat. It’s ______ you left it.9. ______ is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.10. ____ had I entered the room ____ the phone rang.六、改错1. Is this the watch for which he is looking now？2. This is all which I can do for you.3. Do you know the old man at the back of the room，whom has been chosen head of the factory.4. I want to know the way which you learn new words.5. Can you tell me that there’s a bookstore near here？6. Our school quite different from that it was before.7. If she likes the present is not clear to me.8. For she is ill，she hasn’t come to school.9. It gave him so a big shock that his face turned pale.10. He is cleverer than any boy in his class.【试题答案】一、1～5 CAABB 6～10 BCBCB 11～15 CAADB 16～20 CDCCA21～25 ADCDC二、1. since 2. unless 3. because 4. where 5. after 6. than 7. as if 8. so that9. before 10. as三、1. can 改为could 2. 去掉so 3. will come改为comes 4. very改为so5. as soon as 改为when6. was 改为is7. than 之后加上that of8. than 后加those in 9. whatever改为wherever 10. is改为were四、1. whether we have enough time 介词宾语从句2. he asked 定语从句where the electrical equipment should be stored表语从句3. what it used to be 表语从句4. that she works hard 同位语从句5. that he was before 定语从句6. Now you was free 让步状语从句now= now that7. Where there are schools and colleges 地点状语从句8. once firmed 时间状语从句9. as her twin sister does 定语从句10. The moment he opened the window 时间状语从句五、1. Whoever 2. Who 3. until 4. As 5. Although 6. that 7. unless8. where 9. As10. Hardly，when （No sooner，than）六、1. for 放在looking 之后 2. which 改为that 3. whom 改为who4. which改为how5. that改为whether6. that 改为what7. If改为Whether8. For改为Because9. so改为such 10. any 后加other。
上海牛津八年级第二学期
In this chapter, Oxford English presents:Don't besilly, Lo.I can jump.higher than the.Eiffel Tower!It's true.The Eiffel Tower.can't jump!A What do you know about ...?Before you read the article on the next page, try this I/ttle quiz.1. Which one of these is the French flag?2. What happened to the King of France in 17897.a He sailed to America.b He lost his head.c He defeated the British.3. Which two of these sports are not popular in France?cycling. baseball. tennis. judo. skiing. football.4. Which of these drinks come from France?tea.champagne.sake.Coke.mineral water.B. Look and think.Give short answers to these questions.1. Look at the heading, the headline and the photos. What do you think this passage will be about?2. Read the first six words of the passage. At what time of the year was this written? Who does the writer mean by 'us'?3 . Is this passage written for children or adults? Look at the beginning of the fifth paragraph.France is calling.Now that winter is behind us, manypeople are starting to think aboutgoing abroad for the summer holidays.This year, why not spread your wings and visitFrance?France is a wonderful place to go for aholiday. It is a huge country, with coasts on theEnglish Channel, the Atlantic Ocean and theMediterranean Sea. In addition, it has manymountain regions which are excellent forskiing.The centre of France is a big, agriculturalregion, growing crops such as wheat andsunflowers. It is amazing to drive past fieldswhich seem to go on forever or whole hillscovered with neat rows of grapevines. One ofthe most scenic areas is the Loire Valley, whereyou can visit the old castles in which the kingsand queens of France used to live.Paris is the capital of France. It is one of themost popular tourist destinations in the world.With its world-famous landmarks such as theEiffel Towerand the Arcde Triomphe,and its wide,tree-linedstreets, Paris isone of themost beautifulcities in theworld.If you are taking your children with you,remember that EuroDisney is just an hour awayfrom the centre of Paris. It offers many of thesame attractions as the Disney parks in theUSA.If you want to go on to visit Britain, you cannow do it without flying or taking a ferry. TheChannel Tunnel, or (to use its nickname) the'Chunnel', enables you to travel by train fromParis to London in about three hours.In our city, we can see the influence ofFrance in some ways. France, like China, isfamous for its food. Some bakeries provideFrench bread and cakes. Other popular Frenchproducts are its cheese, brandy and wine.Many of the world's top designer names areFrench. Names such as Dior in clothes, Chanelin perfume, and Cartier in jewellery arefamiliar to many Chinese people. A quick walkalong Nanjing Road will remind you of manysimilar names.France is a leader in art and culture, too. Alot of young students from different countriesgo to France to further their studies. Every year,French film festivals, exhibitions and concertsare organized all over the world.To get the most out of your holiday inFrance, why not try learning French now? Youcan do this in some language schools aroundthe city.C.Find the meanings.C I Find the italicized words in the article on page 3. Then read the words around them and Choose the best meanings.1. If you go abroad, you go .......a. on a ship c. for a holidayb. to a different country2. A huge country is very .......a. big c. near the seab. beautiful3. A scenic area is .......a. good for growing plants c. often seen in filmsb. pretty to look at4. A destination is somewherea. tourists come fromb. famous throughout the worldc . you are travelling to5. A landmark is .......a. a well-known place c. an area of Parisb. a building in our city6. If something enables you to do something, ita. forces you to do itb. allows you to do itc. stops you from doing it7. If something reminds you of something, it .......a . helps you to remember itb . tells you about itc .makes you forget itC2. Find the words in Column A in the article and match them with themeanings in Column B.A B1. the capital. a. part of a country.2. nickname. b. effects; power to change.someone's ideas.3. designer name . c. a friendly or funny name forsomeone or something.4. crops. d. the city where a country has itsgovernment.5. influence. e. plants grown in fields by farmers.6 . region . f. a name on a famous product.C3. Match these places with the numbers on the mapon the right.Paris.London.the Channel Tunnel.the Atlantic Ocean.the Mediterranean Sea.D .Find the facts.May is making a summary of the article in note form. Complete her summarywith information from the passage.Attractions of France: many beaches; good (1) in the mountains; beautiful areas of the countryside such as the (2) ; old (3) where kings and queens lived Capital: (4)Famous places: (5) and (6)Special attraction for children: (7)Easy to visit Britain now, by using (8)France is famous for: (9) such as bread and cheese(10) such as Cardin and DiorExamples of French culture organized all over the world every year: (1 1) Y'..I Read mhd think.El. Here are some sentences about the passage. Read each one and thenwrite T [True) or F ['False), or DK (Don't know) if the information is not in thepassage.1. The writer is a French person.2. France is a small country but very interesting.3. The mountain regions are good for water-skiing.4. There are probably many farmers in France.5. EuroDisney is similar to the Disney parks in America.6. You can catch a train from London to Paris.7. You cannot buy anything French in Shanghai.8. France is famous for products such as aeroplanes.9. Chanel and Dior are the names of people.10. It is easy to learn French quickly.E2. What do the italicized words refer to?1. ... you can now do it (Paragraph 6)2 . You can do this in some language schools ... (Paragraph 10)LISTENING.Completing notes about a famous buildingRosemary is visiting Paris. She is on a tour around the Eiffel Tower. While she is waiting for the lift, she is listening to a recording about the Tower. Listen to therecording and complete these notes.Built by Gustave Eiffel in ( 1 ) .Made of (2) .About (3) parts.Height is (4) metres.(5) building in Paris.People said it was (6) at first, but later it became (7) .(8) take you to the top, or you can walk up (9) steps.The Tower is repainted every (10) years.Colour: (11) .Amount of paint used: (12) tonnes.Amazing things at the Tower: once an (13) walked to the 1st level. Also, a man once (14) down all the steps.In (15) two people jumped down with parachutes.LANGUAGE.Using theWe use a or an before nouns when wemention them for the first time. We usethe when we mention them again.Example:Judy bought a case and a bag. Thecase cost 466 and the bag cost 218.A. Yesterday, Danny, Rita, Daisy andTommy afl bought things for theirholiday abroad. Make sentencesabout what they bought. Follow theexample above.camera. sunhat.pair of goggles . tennis racket.pair of sunglasses. towel.roll of film . umbrella.We use the before nouns when it is clear what we are talking about. For example, at the airport, Judy and Miss Lu have this conversation.JuDY : Excuse me. Where is the bank?MIss LD: It's over there by the post office.Judy and Miss Lu know they are referring to the bank and the post office inthe airport.BI .Some people at the airport are asking Miss Lu questions. Work in pairs, S1 asks the questions. S2 answers them. Follow the example above. Note,however, that one ef S2' s answers will be different from the example.B2. Work in pairs. S 1 makes requests. If S2 understands them, he/she says,Certainly. If not, he/she says, Which one? and S 1 tells him/her. The first two are done as examples.1.s1 Close the door, please.s2 certainly.2.s1 Open the window, please.s2 which one?s1 The window beside the door.3.s1 Switch on the fan, please.s2 .4.s1 Turn'off the computer, please.s2 .5.s1 Hang it on the wall, please.s2 .6.s1 Put it on the floor, please.s2 .7.s1 Repair the chair, please.s2 .8.s1 Pass me the calculator, please.s2 .9.s1 Take this to the manager, please.s2 .10.s1 Answer the phone, please.s2 .We often use the before things and people when there is only one of them. Examples:Paris is the capital of France.It has many landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower.There is only one Paris and only one Eiffel Tower, so we use the meaningthe only one.C .Simon works at Faraway Travel Service. Everyday, he answers questionsfrom his customers. Complete the questions and answers below. Put a, anor the in the blanks.1.I want to go to a place where sun shines at midnight.That's North Pole. If you go, you'll need thick sweater.2.I want to go to Sahara Desert and live in tent with Arab family. No problem. If you go, you'll needwater bottle.3 I want to go to big city whereI can learn French language.Why not go to Paris? That'scapital of France.4 I'd like to take train fromShanghai to Japan.Sorry. You have to cross sea,so you must take plane orShip.5.I want to go to Grand Theatreby underground. Can you sellme ticket?Sorry. You'll have to go tounderground station to buyticket.6. I'd like to go to planet or tostar for my holiday next year.Sorry. Our planet and star trips are full.What about going to moon?It's cheaper.After the verb play, we usually put the before the names of musicalinstruments. We do not put the before the names of games.Example:Amy plays the piano. She also plays basketball.D. Look at the pictures below. Make sentences like those in the exampleabove. Say what every member of the Rice Birds does.drums.guitar.violin.flute.piano.badminton.football.tennis.basketball.squash.SPEAKING.A Talk time.Asking for and giving directions.We can ask for directions like this:How do I get to...Can you tell me the way to...Where is..the ferry pier?the railway station?Take thefirstturning on theright.secondleft.Walk to theend of the road.traffic lights.You'll see the ferry pierin front of youon your right.across the street on your left.A 1.David is giving directions to a tourist. Read their conversation and practiseit.TOURIST: Excuse me. How do I get to People'sSquare?DAVID : Take the second turning on the left. Walk tothe end of the road. You'll see People'sSquare in front of you.TOURIST: Can you also tell me the way to the postoffice?DAVID : Take the first turning on your right. Walk tothe end of the road. You'll see the postoffice across the street on Your left.TOURIST : Thanks very much.DAVID: Not at all.A2 .Work in pairs to make a conversation like the one in A 1, S1 is standing at the ferry pier as shown on the map, S2 is a tourist and wants directions to the Shanghai International Convention Centre and also to the Pudong Shangri-la Hotel,Then make another conversation. This time. S 1 is the tourist and wants to know the way to the Jinmao Building and the nearest underground station, Your parents have told you that you can all go abroad for a holiday nextyear, and you can take a friend with you. They ask you, 'Where would youlike to go?B1. Now work in pairs. Discuss what things you would like to do on your holiday with your friend. Use the words and pictures below to help you. Thendecide where in the world you would like to go.go shopping.go swimming.have some wonderful meals.play lots of sports.rest and relax.go sightseeing.visit our friends and relations.see some real snow.visit amusement parks and zoos.B2. One of you can tell the class where you have decided to visit, and give at least four reasons for your choice.For example:we would like to go to paris for our holiday because it is a beautiful city.we would like to do some sightseeing,and visit some famous places like the Eiffel Tower.We would like to do some shopping.And we would like to visit my uncleYan.He has a restaurant in Paris,so we could have some wonderful mealsthere!WRITING.Holiday postcards.A. When we go abroad on holiday,we often send postcards to ourfriends at home. A postcard hasa picture on the front, and spacefor writing on the back. Read thispostcard which Amy sent toJohn and answer the questions.1. When did Amy arrive?She arrived on .2. What is she doing now?She ata hotel.3. What is she going todo tomorrow?She is going to .B. Here is a postcard from Peterto Mabel. Complete it.C. Imagine that you have gone abroad on holiday. Yousend the postcard on the right to a friend at home.Write your message, telling your friend when youarrived, how you got there, what you are doing andwhat you are going to do. Remember to write yourfriend's address.A.Read the following passage about the leaning Tower of pisa in Italy.Then fill in the notes below usinginformation in the passage.The Tower of pisa was buit to be the most beautiful bell tower in all of Italy.It is the bell tower forpisa cathedral.However,not only is the marble tower beautiful,it is perhaps the strangest tower inthe world.It leans to one side and looks like it is going to fall over.The building of the tower began in August 1173 and took nearly two hundred years to complete.Nobody is certain who designed the tower,but for many years it was said that Bonanno pisano wasthe architct.In 1319,all the floors were finished and years later,work eventuall began on the bellchamber at the top.It was oficially opened after nearly 200 years of construction.The tower haseight floors.It is 54.5 metres tall with 294 steps up to the bell chamber.From the top,there is avery beautiful view.Italian scientist,Galilleo,once did his famous experiments about gravity andfalling ojects from the top of the tower.why does the tower lean?In fact,it was already leaning while they were building it .As soon asthree floors had been built,by 1178,it began to lean as the ground beneath it sank.The builderstried to make the tower straight again as they added more floors,but the lean only got worse as thetower grew.It continued to lean by about 1 millimetre every year until finally,on 7 January 1990,itwas closed to the public .For ten years,the rescue of the tower was a serious problem.The top wasleaning over .by 5 metres to the south and if its movement was not stopped,the tower would oneday fall over .Measurements taken in 1911 estimated that te tower would collapse by 2050,if notsooner.After 10 years of hard work,it was officially reopened on 16 June 2001.However,it wasnot opened to the public until the end of 2001 and even now,the number of visitors is restriced.Itis now safe for the next 300 years because engineers have reduced the lean by 50 centimetres togive it the same lean that it had in 1838.location: .purpose of building: .Year started: .7th floor finished: .Years to complete: .Floors: .B.In pairs,describe the Great wall of china using the information below.In this chapter, Oxford English presents:if I plant this seedin the ground, will itbecome a peartree, Hi?Yes.That's strange, it'san apple seed.READING.A. What do yoU know about...?Before you read the interview on the next page, try this quiz about trees.1. How long de they live? Match the items on the left with the averageages on the right.a. mice . i. 70 years.b. trees . ii. 150 years.c. tortoises. iii .40 years.d . whales . iv. 4,000 years.e . people . v . 3 years.Pollution means making things dirty and unhealthy. Which kind ofpollution do trees help to fight?a. air pollution. c . noise pollution.b . water pollution . d . all of the above.Which of the following come from trees?a. nuts . c . cotton . e. tea.b . beans . d . oil . f . rubber.The best-known trees in Shanghai are magnolia trees. They have large,sweet-smelling flowers which are known as the flowers of Shanghai city. Which picture shows a magnolia tree?B. Look and think.Before you read the interview, look at the title, subtitle and pictures, Then say whether the following sentences are T (True) or F (False).1 . The pollution fighters are probably scientists.2. A few useful products come from trees.3 . Trees produce harmful gases.4 . Trees can pass information to one another.Judy is collecting some facts for a class project on pollution.She is interviewing Doctor Ray, a scientist, about trees,JUDY : Why are you so interested in trees, Doctor Ray?DR RAY: They're the biggest and oldest living things onearth, Judy.JUDY : Yes, but what good are trees? They make streetsmore beautiful and less noisy, but what else canthey do?DR RAY : Well, there's wood in your pencil and the bench,rubber on the end of your pencil, and paper inyour notebook -- all from trees. And while you're studying athome, do you like to eat an orange, or sip a Coke or a coffee?JUDY: Sometimes.DR RAY : Well, the fruit, the nuts for the Coke, and thebeans for the coffee all come from trees. And, Isuppose you also enjoy breathing pure, cool air.JUDY : Of course.DR RAY: Then you must thank trees for that, too. Trees arenatural air conditioners. They take harmful gasfrom the air, and release oxygen into the air. Howmany people are there in your class, Judy?JUDY : Forty-six.DR RAY: Well, one and a half hectares of trees couldproduce enough oxygen to keep your whole classalive and healthy for a year.JUDY :That's wonderful!DR RAY: Trees cool the air as well as clean it. Three treescan do the job of 15 air conditioners running almost all day.JUDY : You certainly know a lot about trees, Doctor Ray.DR RAY : Thank you, Judy, but I don't, really. Scientists areonly now beginning to understand them. Forexample, did you know that when insects attacka tree, it can warn its neighbours? The trees canthen protect themselves by producing a chemicalthat makes their leaves taste nasty. And sometrees can join their roots together underground,and pass food and water around. Trees arecommunicating with one another, but we don'tknow how.JUDY : Are trees in danger?DR RAY: in great danger. We cut down and burn millionsevery year but we replace hardly any of them.We are destroying our best fighters againstpollution.C. Find the meanings.CI. Find these words in the interview on page 17, read the words around them,and choose the best meanings.I. suppose. 4 . runninga. know a . travellingb . think it is'true b. workingc . ask c. playing2. pure. 5. communicating witha. not mixed with other things a. attackingb. hot b. sending messages/signals toc . comfortable c. joining3. release. 6 . hardly anya. bring in a. quite alotb . take away b . almost nonec. let out c . alarge numberC2. Find the words in Column A in the interview and match them with themeanings in Column B.A BI . sip a. made by nature, not by man2 . natural b. unpleasant3 . oxygen c. drink in small amounts4 . hectares d . a life-giving gas found in air5 . warn e . something produced by chemistry6 . a chemical f . areas of 10,000 square metres7 .nasty g . say that something bad or dangerous may happenD. Find the facts.These are some of the notes that Judy made from her interview withDoctor Ray. However, she made four mistakes. Read through the intervTew and correct Judy's mistakes. You may have to change one or more words.Trees:1. live much Iongerthan people;2 . produce wood, rubber, paper, nuts, beans and fruit:3 . take oxygen from the air,4 . heatthe air,5 . are like air conditioners;6. cannot protect themselves against insects;7. can share food and water with cne another,8. are in danger, mainly from insects.E. Read and think.ita is asking May questions about trees. May is giving Yes or No answers andpporting her answers with examples from the interview. Read Rita' s questions land complete May' s answers with one or more words.RITA: We get some useful things from trees, don't we?MAY : Yes. Two examples are wood and rubber.RITA : Is it true that trees do two main things to the air?MAY : . They .RITA: I've heard that one tree has the power of 15 air conditioners. Isthat right?MAY: . One tree has the power ofRITA: Scientists know a lot about trees, don't they?MAy: . They areRITA: Can trees really communicate with one another?MAY: . For example, if insectsRITA : And can they really protect themselves from insects?MAY: . They can produceRITA: Can trees help one another?MAY: . For example, they canRITA : IS it true that, every year, there are fewer and fewer trees in the world?MAY: . The reason is that people .LISTENING.Completing a notice.Judy' s school took part in a tree-planting campaign. To attract people to join, Judy and Rita wrote a notice. Listen to them talking, and complete the notice LOy putting one word in each space.Eight reasons for helping to plant trees:1. Trees make streets more2. Trees make streets less3. Trees make our air4. Trees make our air5. Trees make to keep us alive and6. Trees provide us with things like and7. Trees help us to fight8. Trees are inLANGUAGE.Talking about what is happening now.A. We can use the present continuous tense to refer to things that arehappening now. Read the forms of the tense.We are destroying our best fighters against pollution.I am reading.He is not working.Are they planting trees?What are you doing?Things to rememberRemember these short forms:I am I'mHe/She/It is He's/She's/It'sWe/They/You are We're/They're/You'reWhat is What'sA . I Work in pairs. S 1 is Bob and S2 is Ada. Ada is on holiday with friends. Bob isphoning her and asking her what all their friends are doing. Ada is telling him. Use the verbs on the right and the picture below to help you. Example:S1:what`s Ted doing?S2:He`s playing volleyball with carol.A2 Work in pairs to check your answers.Example:S1:Is Ted playing volleyball?sz:Yes,he is./No,he isn`t .He`s .A3. Work alone, Complete the descriptionon the right of the scene in the picture,Write what everyone is doing.It is the first morning of the holiday. Everyone is on thebeach. Ted is . volleyball with . isplaying badminton with . is .....B. We do not often use the verbs in the box below in the presentcontinuous tense. Instead, we use them in the simple present tense.We say: I know the answer. (not: I am knowing the answer).Do you like mi]k? (not: Are you liking milk?)They do not understand you.(not: Thcy arc not understanding you.)This book belongs to May.(not: This book is belonging to May.)Complete these dialogues about the pictures. Use the verbsgiven in brackets in the present continuous or simple presenttenses. Add other words as necessary.1. DANNY: The .(ring)MAY : I .l it. (know, hear)2. MAY : Your dinner is on the table.DANNY: I . I it. Itgood. (know, see, smell)3. DANNY: These cars to me. (belong)RITA: I you. (not believe)4. RITA : 'I her. What ?(not understand, mean)MAY: I that she 'Be quiet!'(think, mean)5. RITA: Look! Baby . (smile)MAY: Yes, she that you're herfriend. (know)6 . DANNY: Why is your case so heavy?MAY: It books. (contain)& Talk time .A1. Say these words.1. aship. ahill. abin. hit.2. asheep. aheel .abean to leave.3. ship sheep.hill heel.bin bean.live leave.A2. Say these sentences,1. I planted three trees.2. They bit me and beat me.3. These shoes don't fit my feet.4 . This is a sheep and that is a ship.5 . I don't want to leave the place where I live.A3. Say this d/a/ague,RITA: What do you want from the supermarket, Lily?ULY: Get me some meat and peas, please, some fishand chips, and some Indian tea.RITA: Meat, peas, fish, chips and Indian tea. Right, I'llbe back in a minute.B. Speak up.B I. Read this conversation.BOB: What can we do to fight pollution?AMY: Always put litter in litter bins, and stop using plastic bags for shopping.BOB: Anything else?AMY: Stop factories from producing unhealthy gases, plant more trees inthe streets, and make classrooms less noisyBOB: Which ways are more important and which ways are lessimportant?AMY : I think that ...2.Work in groups of 5 to 7.Choose a group leader.Discuss the five ways to fight pollution mentioned by Amy.Arrange them in order of importance.Ask the group leader to announce the group's list to the class like this: Our group thinks that the mostimportant way to fightpollution is to . Thesecond is to . Thethird is to . The fourthis to . The fifth is toEveryone in our groupagrees/Most people in ourgroup agree to thisarrangement.[he indexen you want to find out about the information in a book, you can look ate index pages. These come at the end of most books. The information inindex pages is arranged in alphabetical order. An index page is like atents page. Both help you to find information fast.A . Imagine you are doing a class project on pollution, You borrow a book from the library and look at its index below to find out about these topics. Write the numberof the page or pages that will tefi you about each topic. The first one is done for you,1. Energy 4. Shanghai's harbour2. Noise pollution 5. Fresh food3. Transport 6. Fish farmsB. Amy is telling Bob what information she wants for the project on pollution. Read the dialogues, and write down the words or phrases that tell you what Amy wants. Then write the number of the page or pages you would look at.1. AMY: Get some information about bottles.Bo8: Plastic bottles?AMY : No. Glass bottles.2. AMY: We'll need to find out about the effects of rain on trees and other things. BOB: You mean acid rain, don't you?AMY: Yes.3. BOB: Should I get some facts on all kinds of power?AMY: No. Just on solar power and nuclear power.4. AMY: What about people destroying the rain forests?BOB: Yes, that's important. We should write about that.5. AMY: Have you found out about using the sun to give power to calculators? BOB: Not yet, but I will.6. AMY: And we'd better say something about the problem of dealing with litter and rubbish.BOB: I agree. I'll get the information right away.7. AMY: Lastly, collect all the information you can find on insects. Can you do that?BOB: No problem.WRITING.1. Pretend that the Housing Estate Administration has just built a new sitting-out rea near your home. Last week, the workers finished it. Write a short article _about this for your school newspaper, using the pictures and the outline below.ear my home, there is a Some workers finished it last week.Iwatched them from my fiat.First (workers/arrive/lorry). On the back of the lorry there. (be/trees/bushes). The workers (dig/holes/ground). second, they (plant/trees/holes). Next, they brought some large containers. They (put/earth/containers). Then theyplant/bushes/containers).Next, they (pick up/all rubbish) and (sweep/area/ Neatly). After that, they (water/plants/hose). Then the area wasfinished. Now it looksDear friend.Trees are our friends. They work hard for us. They cool our cities and clean the air. Theyremove dust and change carbon dioxide into the oxygen we breathe. Trees reduce sound pollution for large urban areas and add beauty to cities. They can help increase the value ofproperty. Homes with many trees have higher values. Without trees, soil would wash awayand there would be no food for us to eat. Without tree shade, the Earth would get too hot tolive on. Trees provide shelter, food and things for both humans and animals. They。
上海牛津沪教版八年级(下)同步讲义unit3
第三讲Unit3 Electricity教学过程一、课堂导入教师讲述一个与本节课题目有关的英文小故事，引出今日所要讲解的知识点，然后让学生简单梳理一下所涉及的问题，带着问题学习本节课的内容。
二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课学的重点内容，检测单词的用法，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过英文小故事导入本节课所要学习的新知识。
三、知识讲解1. 知识点一：重点单词1）servant [ˈsɜ:vənt]【词性】n.【词义】仆人【易混淆点】servant 仆人service 服务serve 提供服务【经典例句】Why is the servant in the title dangerous?为什么标题中的仆人是危险的？2）electricity [ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti]【词性】n.【词义】电；电能【易混淆点】electricity 电；电能electrical 用电的【经典例句】Can you get me a package of electricity, please?你能给我一包电吗？3）trick [trɪk]【词性1】v.【词义1】哄骗【词性2】n.【词义2】诡计；花招【易混淆点】trick 哄骗；诡计cheat 欺骗【经典例句】I’ve tricked Daisy at last.我最终哄骗了Daisy。
4）foolish [ˈfu:lɪʃ]【词性】adj.【词义】愚蠢的【易混淆点】foolish 愚蠢的stupid 愚笨的【经典例句】She’ll really look foolish.她将看起来愚蠢的。
5）measure [ˈmeʒə(r)]【词性】v.【词义】测量；度量【经典例句】A meter measures the amount you use.一米度量你所用的电量。
6）bill [bɪl]【词性】n.【词义】账单【易混淆点】pay for bill 支付账单give your order 点单【经典例句】And you get a bill for it monthly.然后你每个月获得为此收到一张账单。
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Unit 1 Nature and EnvironmentP 11. in the ground 在地里=on the ground2. become a pear tree 变成一棵苹果树become + 名词短语3. strange adj.奇怪的stranger n.陌生人4．an apple seed/ tree 一粒/棵苹果种子/树P21.the living things 生物2.the average age/ height/ weight平均年龄/ 身高/ 体重3.on the right/left 在右/左边4.mouse n. mice pl.5.human n. humans pl.German(s) Roman(s)6.make things dirty and unhealthy使事物变脏和不健康make + n / + adj./ sb do sth7.health n. 比较级：healthier-healthiestunhealthy a. healthy (反) health n.7.magnolia trees 白玉兰树8.noise pollution 噪音污染pollution n. pollute v. . polluted a.9.sweet-smelling flowers 芳香宜人的花10.city flowers of Shanghai 上海市花11.pollution fighters 环保战士fight v. ---fought----foughteful products 有用的产品produce v.生产13.natural air conditioners 天然的空调nature n.自然14.pass information to one another 相互传递信息pass sth. to sb. = pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人pass v. past prep.cross v. across prep.15.science n. 科学scientist n. 科学家P31.pollution fighter 环保战士fight v. 战斗，打架fight-fought-fought fighter n. 战士2. collect some facts for a class project on pollution 收集一些关于污染的班级课题的材料fact n. 事实in fact 事实上collect v. collection n.3. interview sb. about sth. 关于某事采访某人4.be interested in sth/doing sth. 对……感兴趣= be keen onshow interest in sth.5. living things 活着的事物live v. -> alive 存活的(表语)living adj. 活着的（定语）life n. -> lives (pl)6. on the Earth 在地球上7. what good 什么好处good adj. 好的good n. 好处What good are trees?= What’s the good of trees?8. make streets more beautiful and less noisy 使得街道更美丽并降低噪音make sth/ sb + adj. 使某人/某物怎么样make sb ( not )do sth. 使得某人做某事make sth for sb= make sb sth 为某人做某物9.noise n. noisy a. noisier(比) noisily ad.10. what else 还有呢11．on the end of your pencil 在你铅笔的末端in the end = at last = finally = eventually 最后at the end of the street 在街道的尽头by the end of sth 到…为止e/ be from 来自13.breathe pure, cool air 呼吸纯净凉爽的空气breathe v. breath n.out of breath 气喘吁吁breathe v. breath n.14. of course = certainly15．thank sb. for sth./doing sth.因某事而感谢某人16. take harmful gas es from the air 从空气中吸收各种有毒气体take A from B17. harm v/n.harmful adj. harmless adj.18. release oxygen back into the air 向空气中释放氧气release = let out= give off19. one and a half hectares of trees=one hectare and a half of trees1.5公顷的树20. produce enough oxygen 提供足够的氧气21. produce v. 生产，提供product n. 产品，产物production n. 生产22. keep sb alive and healthy让某人健康存活keep sb/sth + adj. 保证某人/某物怎么样23. for a whole year 整个一年24. That’s wonderful. 太神奇了。
25．cool the air 使空气降温26..…as well as…=both…and…=not only…but also… = and= and…, as well不但…而且…as well as 和…一样好 e.g：He draws as well as I .27．natural air conditioners 天然的空调air conditioner n. air-conditioned a.natural a. nature n.28．do the job of 起…作用do the job of 15 air-conditioners running almost all day相当于15台一整天连续工作的空调的工作量29.almost all day 几乎全天30．know a lot about trees 了解很多关于树木的知识31．warn sb of sth. 警告某人做某事warn sb (not) to do sth . 警告某人不要做某事warning n.32.protect themselves by producing a chemical 通过分泌一种化学物质来保护他们自己protect sb/oneself by doing sth. 通过做某事来保护某人33．chemical n. 化学物质a. 化学的, chemical change 化学变化chemistry n. chemistry teacher/ lesson/lab 化学老师/ 课/实验室chemist n. 药剂师34. make leaves taste nasty 使叶子品尝起来很苦涩make sb do sth35. join the roots together 根系交织在一起join A and B togetherjoin= connect36．underground n. 地铁underground adv. 在地下under the ground prep. 在地下37. pass food and water to each other 相互传递养料和水分38. communicate with sb. 和某人沟通、交流communication n.39．be in (great)danger 处于(极度)险境中danger n. dangerous adj.be out of danger 脱离危险40. for example 举例子41. cut down 砍下42．replace hardly any of trees 几乎不种树replace = take the place of sth43. hardly any = almost no= almost none (of)44. fighters against pollution环保的卫士P41. suppose →think it is true or possilbe2. pure →clean3. release →let out4. running →working5. communicating with exchange information with6. hardly any →almost none7. made by nature 天然制造的made by man人造的8. make mistakes 犯错P6-71.phone/ call sb 打电话给某人make phone calls to sb2.on holiday with sb 和某人度假3.sunbathe v.sunbath n.4.practise doing 练习做…5.windsurf 冲浪go windsurfing6.dive into the sea 跳水P8-91. a poster about tree-planting 一张关于种植的海报2.take part in a tree-planting campaign 参加一个种植活动3.seven reasons for planting more trees7个种更多树的理由4.put rubbish in rubbish bins 往垃圾筒里丢垃圾5.plastic bags for shopping 塑料购物袋6.in order of importance 以重要性的顺序排列P10.1. a newspaper article on a new outdoor area一篇关于一个新室外场地的新闻报道2．dig holes in the ground ( dug , dug , digging ) 在地上挖洞3. in a lorry 坐卡车P111.work hard for sb 尽力为某人服务2.reduce sound pollution 减少污染3.add beauty to cities 给城市增加美add A to B4. be washed away 被冲走5. provide food and shelter for both humans and animals 为人类和动物提供食物和住所6. supply material for houses, furniture and paper products 提供材料来建造房屋，制作家具和纸制品7.cure illnesses 治病8.in the last / past two hundred years 在过去的二百年中9.make a difference 区别10.remove / get rid of dust除掉灰尘11. warmly welcome 热烈欢迎warm adj. warmly adv.12. in the next 10 years 在将来的10年内13．send sb an e-mail at…往某人的什么邮箱发邮件14．have lots of fun with us 与我们有很多乐趣P121.go outdoors 去室外2.in prison 入狱3.go to the beach去海滩4.live in the countryside 住在乡下5.breathe fresh air 呼吸新鲜空气6.sit in the front row 坐在前排7．lie on the beach 躺在海滩上8．come to the phone= answer the phone 接电话9．have a shower 淋浴。