第二册_一、三单元重点

Unit 1Active reading 1Difficult sentences1. The liberals replied that it was the ability to tolerate noisy, dissident minorities which made universities great. (2)英语常用的强调结构是“It is (was) + 被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语) + who (that)...”。

一般说来,被强调部分指人时，用who；指事物时用that，但that 也可以指人。

在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。

翻译：自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。

2. These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. (5)in spite of sth is used to refer to a fact that makes something else surprising.翻译：现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。

3. Some people drop out, but the most apathetic stay the course because it’s too much effort to leave. (5)“Stay the course” is used in the context of a war or battle meaning t o pursue a goal regardless of any obstacles or criticism. Its modern usage was popularized by American presidents George H. W. Bush and Ronald Reagan. The phrase was first used by Bush in July 2003 while talking about his plan for Iraq, “We will stay the c ourse, we will help this young Iraqi democracy succeed…”翻译：有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。

4. College has become a means to an end, an opportunity to increase one’s chances on the employment market, and not an end in itself, which gives you the chance to imagine, just for a short while, that you can change the world. (6)这句话主语为college，谓语has become，表语为a means to an end，an opportunity … employment market作为a means to an end的同位语。

not an end in itself同样为has become 的表语，与前面的a means to an end形成对比，它还做定语从句which gives you the chance to imagine的主语。

imagine后面跟了一个宾语从句that you can change the world。

翻译：大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，不再是给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。

5. Gone are the days when a son or daughter rang home once or twice a term. (7)Gone are the days when意思为“······日子一去不复返了”。

注意后面的从句中要用过去时。

也可以变换句型The days when… are gone.翻译：儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。

6. “Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive,But to be young was very heaven!” (8)这是一个倒装句。

原句应是It was bliss to be alive in that dawn. It 指代to be alive in that dawn. Bliss was / is it to do sth. 和it was / is heaven to do sth. 都表示“做······是一件非常幸福的事情。

”翻译：“在那黎明时分活着是至福，年轻就是非常美妙的事情！”Innocence is bliss. (无知便是福。

)Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, but to be a full member of the Exchange Rate Mechanism (汇率机制) was very Heaven.Words1. establishment n.(1)the most important and powerful people in a country or in a section of society(2)the process of starting or creating something such as an organizationFigure out the meaning of underlined words.(1)The literary establishment generally looks down on artists. 文学界权威(2)John was eager to establish good relations with the business community. 与······建立良好关系(3) Reagan quickly established himself as a promising film actor. 使自己成为······(4) It’s an old established family firm. 老牌的2. passion n. a powerful emotion such as love or anger1) 他酷爱古典音乐。

He has a passion for classical music.2) He spoke with great passion about the plight of the refugees.他慷慨激昂地讲述了难民们的困境。

passionate desire/ interest/concern/belief3. launch v. to start a major activity发射人造卫星launch a man-made satellite创办一个新企业launch a new enterprise发动攻击launch an attack 发起一次活动launch a campaign将新产品投放市场launch a new product4. give rise to to make sth. happen or begin, esp. sth. unpleasant or unexpectedwords or expressions with similar meaning to give rise toto cause/ to lead to/ to result in/ to contribute to(1)Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gaverise to more violent clashes.(2)Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.5. bring about to make sth. happen, esp. to cause changes in a situation反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。

The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.6. in itself without considering the rest(1)For the old lady buying the daily newspaper soon became an end in itself, since she reallyjust wanted to chat with the shopkeeper.那老太太每天去买报纸，不多时便觉乐在其中，因为她主要是想和店主聊天.(2) 这钱本身对他们来说是没有什么价值的。

The money in itself meant nothing to them.Useful expressions1.一阵烟雾 1 a haze of smoke2.刺激的经历 1 stimulating experience3.将······变成 2 transform… into4.激进的政治氛围 2 the atmosphere of political radicalism5.持不同意见的少数人2 dissident minority6.暴力冲突 3 violent clashes7.与······联盟 3 form an alliance with8.发动了一场大罢工 3 launch a general strike9.创造意识的觉醒 5 creative awakening10.实现······目标 5 achieve one’s aim of11.全民重视的话题5 a topic of great national importance12.坚持到底 5 stay the course13.令人头脑发热的气氛6 the heady atmosphere14.从高到低的顺序 6 in descending order15.就业前景 6 employability prospects16.实现目的的手段 6 a means to an end17.······日子一去不复返了7 Gone are the days when18.同道好友7 like-minded friends19.热爱······ 7 have a passion for20.与······的距离缩小7 The gap between… and… has shrunkActive reading 2:Difficult sentences1. This is the class where you look cool, a bit sleepy from too many late nights and wearing a T-shirt with some ironic comment such as “Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt”. (Para. 1)“Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt”这种表达方式和旅游有关，就是说都去过经历过了，都买了留念的T-shirt了，已经不想再去了。