小升初词性考点讲练

一．语法练习“名词”名词概念：表示人，物或抽象概念的名称。

在句子中做主语，表语，宾语等。

常见专有名词要大写：国名China America 城市名Beijing New York 人名Zhang Weihua节日Children‘s Day Teachers‟ Day 星期Monday Saturday 月份February可数名词的单数变复数的规则变化：1、一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book______，bag______，cat_____，bed_____2、以s、x、sh、ch结尾，加-es，如：bus_______，box______，watch_________3、以―辅音字母+y‖结尾，变y为i，再加-es，如：family_________，strawberry____________, story _________4、以―f或fe‖结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es，如：knife_______ leaf ______5、以―o‖结尾的，有生命的的名词加-es : potato _________ tomato__________无生命的加–s photo__________ zoo______________可数名词单数变复数不规则变化：man-men，woman-women，child-children foot-feet，tooth-teeth Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese, woman doctor-women doctors, apple tree-apple trees常见不可数名词：rice bread water tea milk meat hair homework money time名词所有格：表示名词和名词之间的所属关系，它的形式‗‗s式‖ ― of短语式‖名词词尾加‘s. 复数名词词尾有s，只加‘Tom‘s uncle Tom的叔叔, the boy's bag 男孩的书包the students' bags学生们的书包, the teachers' reading-room 教师阅览室children‘s books 儿童书籍Women‘s Day 三八妇女节有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加's来构成所有格。

Beijing's street 北京的街道today's newspaper 今天的报纸ten minutes‘ walk 十分钟的路程如果名词是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。

the leader of the country 国家的领导the picture of the family 家庭照片在表示有生命的名词所有格时，'s结构可以转换成of结构。

the girl's name → the name of the girl 女孩的名字my father's friend →the friend of my father's 我父亲的朋友几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加's。

如表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加's。

这是Lucy 和Lily的英语老师。

This is ___________________English teacher.这些是Lucy 和Lily的的书包。

These are _______________________ bags.名词练习一．按要求填入单词的适当形式1．Two________ live in this building. (family)2．Look at those _______. (child)3．I can see a ________ standing near the door. (policeman)4．There are some ________ on the table. (glass)5．Would you like some ________? (bread)6．I have two ________. (sister)7．I like ________. (cat)8．Do you want some ________ for supper? (potato)9．He has two ________. One is old, the other is new .(watch)10．In autumn, you can see a lot of ________ on the ground. (leaf)二．选用下列正确的单词或词组，在正确的选项上打√1．Do you drink much (milk, milks)?2．I visited (Tom, Tom's) house yesterday.3．He had two (cup, cups) of tea.4．This is (Tom and Mary‘s, Tom‘s and Mary's) house.5．Give me a (piece of ,/)paper, please.6．I don't want (a, an)old cap.7．Look at those (sheep, sheeps ).8．How many (radioes , radios ) can you see?9．There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.10．That bag is my (father's, father's bag.)三．将下列句子变成复数形式1．This is a knife. _________________________________________2．That is a tomato. _________________________________________3．I have a wish. _________________________________________4．That child is very lovely. ___________________________________5．An Englishman stood there. __________________________________四．写出下列名名词和词组的所有格1．a sister ______________ 2．a boy ______________ 3．today ______________ 4．a baby ______________ 5．a camel ______________ 6．men _______________ 7．birds ______________ 8．two days ______________ 9．John and Mary（两人共有的）____________________ 10．John and Mary （两人各自所有的）_____________________五．用's, s'替换下列词组1．the leg of the boy ______________ 2．the key of the girl ______________ 3．the tail of the cat _______________ 4．the friend of my father's___________ 5．the toys of the boy_______________ 6．the songs of the birds ____________ 7．the servants of the queen _________ 8．the shirts of the men _____________ 9．the violin of the girl ______________ 10．the pen of John_________________二．语法练习之“冠词”冠词概念：不定冠词a, an 表示泛指一个；定冠词the 表示特指。

1）.表示某类人或事物中的―一个‖，但不强调数目概念，没有one强烈。

如：I have a new bag.2). 用于第一次提到的和泛指的单数可数名词前。

如：There is a book on the desk. Do you have a ruler?3).用于某些固定词组中如: have a good time a lot of have a look请用冠词填空：____ university ___umbrella ___ hour ___ old doctor注意：an并不是放在元音字母a, e, i, o, u, 前，而是首字母发元音的单词前。

定冠词the的用法要点：1) 用在对话双方都知道的人或物前。

如：Close the door, please. 请关门。

Look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。

2）.特指某些人或事物。

如：Who‘s the girl in blue? 那个穿蓝衣服的女孩是谁？The book on the desk is mine.桌上的书是我的。

3）.指上文提到的人或物。

如：A woman is coming. The woman is our English teacher. 一位女士正向这边走来。

这位女士是我们的英语老师。

4) 放在世界上独一无二的事物名词前。

The earth moves around the sun.5)放在序数词前February is the second month of the year.the放在形容词最高级前面Beijing is one of the biggest countries in the world.6) 习惯及乐器名词前play the piano in the same class 在同一个班on the left 在左边7）.用在海洋、湖泊、海峡、山脉等地理名词前。

如：the Yellow River 黄河8）.用在姓氏的复数前，表示一家人。

如：The Lis are going to have a trip.李先生一家打算去旅行。

不用冠词的情况1)两节（节日，季节）星期、月份前不用冠词。

(传统节日需加the 如春节，中秋节) 如：Christmas is coming. It‘s spring. It‘s Friday .2). 学科球(棋)类三餐饭前不用冠词如：We study English at school. It‘s time for breakfast. I like playing football. 4). 习语称呼和头衔前面不用冠词如：Mum，where is my hat? Aunt Zhang. Professor Wang. at night go to schoolat home5).代词限定名词前不再用冠词。